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Misunderstood and Forgotten: the Greek Naval Mutiny of April 1944 Mark C
Misunderstood and Forgotten 367 Misunderstood and Forgotten: The Greek Naval Mutiny of April 1944 Mark C. Jones Abstract After being driven from Greece by the German military in 1941, the Royal Hellenic Navy (RHN) operated alongside Britain’s Royal Navy (RN) from bases in Egypt, Lebanon, and Malta. In April 1944 the RHN experienced a widespread mutiny, which began in Alexandria, Egypt, over the political composition of the Greek government. This essay explores the importance of the Alexandria mutiny to the RHN. It investigates the role of the navy in the royalist/republican rivalry of the 1920s–1930s, the wartime return to service of republican officers, the RHN’s operations under British direction in the eastern Mediterranean, the political orientation of the government-in-exile, disturbances in the RHN prior to the mutiny, the events of the mutiny itself, the aftermath of the mutiny, how the mutiny affected the RN-RHN relationship, and the significance of the mutiny within the context of naval history in general. Wartime RN records held at the Public Record Office outside London, United States Navy intelligence reports held at the National Archives and Records Administration at College Park, Maryland, as well as unpublished and published secondary sources, provide the basis of this investigation. Multinational naval operations are a common occurrence in today’s world. While the United States Navy is presently the most powerful in the world, it frequently operates with ships from allied navies to reach its security goals. Such allied cooperation dates back to World War II when escort groups in the Battle of the Atlantic were composed of ships from the U.S., Canadian, and Royal Navies along with a handful of Polish, Free French, Norwegian, and Dutch ships. -
February 2021
SHAPE Community Life February 2021 THE FIRST GREEK NMR SPACE AS WARFARE DOMAIN NEW IDEAS FOR NATO 2030 EDITOR’s Letter ave you ever felt the”overchoice” effect? It is a concept in psychology usually related to consumers and retailers: having too many options may eventually decrease the Hmotivation to select one, and even the satisfaction made after said decision. However, other theories suggest just the opposite. In daily life, with the wide range of options that we have, sometimes it is just “too much”. It is incredible the number of choices to make from the moment that we wake up: food to eat, clothes to wear, films to watch, products to buy, etc. These are decisions to make that could show positive or negative impact on us depending on how we are or how we feel at that moment, and most of them are made in an unconscious way, as it is part of a routine. The results of “overchoice” or “choice overload”, both terms introduced by Alvin Toffler in the 1970 Future Shock book could, in some occasions, adversely result in pressure, dissatisfaction or confusion. But how something that could be so positive could turn into overwhelming? That is the key to the multiple-choice lifestyle that we have. We should learn how to return to simplicity and basics. Make it simple and easy for yourself when exploring and looking at possibilities during the month of February! María José Tezanos Bustamante Community Event & Communication Management SHAPE Morale & Welfare Branch SHAPE Community Life (SCL) is an authorized unofficial magazine, Officer-in-Charge published monthly by Base Support Group (BSG). -
Souda Bay: NATO's Military Gem in the Eastern Mediterranean
Souda Bay: NATO’s Military Gem in the Eastern Mediterranean Dr. Daniel Goure Lexington Institute March 2016 Executive Summary The Middle East is afire, Russia is on the march and France, the United Kingdom, the United States and dozens of other countries are at war with the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. The Eastern Mediterranean is at the center of a titanic geo-political and strategic struggle as refugees flood to Europe from the Near East and North Africa. United States air units are deployed to Turkey and Russian forces to Syria. Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States and Israel are building up military defenses due to increasing chances of conflict in the region. The U.S. and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) need a stronger presence in the Mediterranean to monitor activities, and to prevent attacks on members and partners. The increasing conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean calls for a stronger U.S. Sixth Fleet, but Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral John Richardson, has stated there is no plan to bolster scarce U.S. naval resources in the region. This means the alliance must adapt by developing a new approach to its southern flank, increasing its presence, developing a European Maritime Security Strategy, and building ally and partner relations and regional security architectures. To deter aggression in the region, NATO also needs to boost the military power of its existing members. Greece is one example of a member nation that could increase its involvement, and thereby strengthen NATO’s capabilities. Greece has a long history with the West, and serves as a key geopolitical point for NATO. -
Greece White Paper for the Armed Forces CHAPTER 1
Greece White Paper for the Armed Forces CHAPTER 1: GREECE IN THE NEW ERA 1. THE GEOSTRATEGIC POSITION OF GREECE Geography and history have placed Greece at a critical geopolitical area, amid Europe, Asia and Africa. Greece, situated at a crossroads between East and West, North and South, in the Eastern Mediterranean, a sea area of enormous strategic and economic importance, occupies a critical geographic position, as it is surrounded by hot spots of tension and conflicts. The distinctive geographic formation of the Hellenic territory, which comprises the mainland - mainly mountainous, with an extended coastline and countless natural harbours and bays, as well as a great number of islands and islets dispersed all over the Hellenic seas (3,012 islands and rocky islets and over 15,000 kms of coastline), lends Greece an exceptional geostrategic character, rendering it as the Europe's gate to Asia and Africa. The double grounding of the Hellenic State reflects the continuous historic Hellenic presence in this particular geographic area, which also consists the cradle of the Hellenic nation and civilization. Furthermore, the unity of the mainland and the insular complex reflects the distinct geostrategic importance of the Hellenic territory, but as well as the special security requirements of Greece. From a geostrategic point of view, the Aegean Sea with its Hellenic insular complex, exercises control over the sea lines of communication from and to the Black Sea. From the point of view of national security, the Hellenic mainland and the insular complex form an integrated defence area, as it provides, according to the direction of the threat, the required strategic depth which serves the security needs of Greece. -
Develop a Basin Scale Analysis Strongly MSP Oriented
Develop a basin scale analysis strongly MSP oriented Deliverable C.1.1.1. Co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union. Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this report was supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union- through the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME, corresponding to the Call for proposal EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3 for Projects on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). DISCLAIMERS This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Union. This work may rely on data from sources external to the SUPREME project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Union nor any member of the SUPREME Consortium, are liable for any use that may be made of the information The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present document do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UN Environment/MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps included in the present document are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN Environment/ MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat. -
Angelides Thankful for His Big Benefactor Costa Gavras Receives
O c v ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek Americans A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION c v www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 10, ISSUE 473 November 4, 2006 $1.00 GREECE: 1.75 EURO Angelides Community Shocked by Jolting Homicide-Suicide in Brooklyn Thankful Police: Man ambushed his wife with a sawed- For His Big off shotgun, then turned the gun on himself By Demetris Tsakas Mr. D’Atri said he’ll never shake Special to The National Herald the memory of seeing the double- Benefactor barrels of the gun bearing down on NEW YORK – The Greek American them as Mr. Skellas, who would Community in Brooklyn was have turned 49 the next day, Angelo Tsakopoulos shocked by a double murder last charged at his wife screaming weekend, when 48-year-old John something in Greek before shoot- Has a Lot to Do with Skellas stalked his estranged wife ing her in the head. Karen outside her home and shot “I was standing outside her Treasurer’s Success her dead with a sawed-off shotgun house and talking to her. He came after a heated argument. Minutes out of nowhere,” Mr. D’Atri said. By Juliet Williams later, he turned the gun on himself “They spoke. She kept saying, ‘No, Associated Press and dropped dead, right on top of no, no,’ and something in Greek, his victim’s blood-stained corpse, and he fired.” SACRAMENTO (AP) – After their the smoking weapon falling to his BLINK OF AN EYE only debate earlier this month, side.