DOCSLIB.ORG

Ísafjörður Fish Consumption Survey (English)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ísafjörður Fish Consumption Survey (English) Master‘s thesis Where Are All The Fish? A Political Ecology Analysis of Local Fish Networks and the Gift Economy in the Westfjords of Iceland Jennifer Grace Smith Advisor: Catherine Chambers University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjörður, April 2014 Supervisory Committee Advisor: Catherine Chambers, Ph.D. Candidate Reader: Helga Ögmundardóttir, Ph.D. Program Director: Dagný Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Jennifer Grace Smith Where Are All The Fish? A Political Ecology Analysis of Local Fish Networks and the Gift Economy in the Westfjords of Iceland 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Suðurgata 12, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2014 Jennifer Grace Smith All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, Reykjavík, May 2014 Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. __________________________________________ Student‘s name Abstract Local Food Networks (LFN) are re-emerging throughout the industrialized world as a means of counteracting negative effects of the industrialized food system and helping communities increase control over food supply. Given the importance of fisheries to Iceland’s economy and the high frequency of fish consumption among Icelanders, it is important to include fish within the larger study of LFN development in Iceland. However, outside of Iceland’s densely populated capital, there are few market channels for obtaining fresh fish caught locally. This is especially the case in many fishing communities in the Westfjords, Iceland’s most remote and sparsely populated region. This thesis aimed to determine the ways in which local networks for fish are already in existence in Westfjords fishing communities and the benefits that could result from expanded retail access to local fish. A fish consumption survey, distributed in two case study towns, was used to investigate local residents’ fish consumption habits and preferences, as well as their overall satisfaction with access to fresh fish and cultural identification with fish consumption. Results were interpreted within a political ecology framework, which was used to analyze the ways in which fisheries management policies and internationalized food distribution chains may have affected consumer-level access to local fish resources. Results indicate that preference for local fish sources and cultural linkages to fish consumption remain high among residents. Fish consumption is largely embedded within a gift economy reliant on personal connections to the fishing industry. Individuals lacking personal connections and access to the commercial outlets (i.e., specialized fish shops and supermarket fish counters) must source their fish from the large-scale structures designed for the globalized food system. It is suggested that fish gifting serves for some as a pragmatic means of circumventing these globalized structures and fisheries management regulations, which are not constructed at a scale suitable for LFN development in small communities. The role of the specialized fish shop is to fill gaps left by the weaknesses of and inequalities produced by fish gifting practices. Coastal communities benefit from the expanded access to local fish offered by such small-scale commercial outlets. Key words: Local Food Networks, fish consumption, gift society, political ecology, Iceland v Útdráttur Staðbundnir matarklasar (ens. Local food networks (LFN)) eru að koma fram að nýju hvarvetna um hinn iðnvædda heim sem leið til að vinna gegn neikvæðum áhrifum hins iðnvædda matvælakverfis og til að auka sjálfsstjórn samfélaga yfir eigin matarforða. Þessari rannsókn er ætlað að greina núverandi grenndarkerfi fyrir fisk sem eru nú þegar til staðar í Vestfirskum sjávarbyggðum og kostina sem gætu fylgt því ef verslanir hefðu aukinn aðgang að þeim fisk sem kemur að landi á svæðinu. Könnun á fiskneyslu var lögð fyrir á Patreksfirði og Ísafirði var notuð til að kanna fiskneyslu íbúa á svæðinu, sem og hvort íbúar væru almennt sáttir við aðgengi að ferskum fisk og hvort menningarleg kennsl væru til staðar gagnvart fiskneyslu. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að svarendur kjósi frekar staðbundinn fisk og að menningarleg tengsl við fiskneyslu séu áfram sterk meðal íbúa. Fiskneyslan fellur að stóru leyti inn í gjafakerfi sem byggir á persónulegum tengslum við fiskiðnaðinn. Einstaklinga sem skortir persónuleg tengsl og aðgengi að sérhæfðari verslunum (t.a.m. fiskverslun eða fiskborði verslana) þurfa að treysta á að nálgast fisk frá stærri aðilum sem hannaður er fyrir alþjóðlega matvælakerfið. Mögulega eru fiskgjafirnar hagnýt leið til þess að sniðganga þessi alþjóðakerfi og fiskveiðistjórnunarreglur, sem eru ekki hönnuð til að taka tillit til þróunar staðbundinna matarklasa í smærri samfélögum. Hlutverk sérhæfðra fiskverslana er að fylla í götin sem verða til vegna veikleika og ójafnvægis sem fylgir fiskgjöfunum. Sjávarbyggðir hagnast því á auknu aðgengi að fisk í gegnum slíkar smærri verslanir. vii Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................................................................. xiii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................xvii 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................19 1.1 An Unusual Problem ..........................................................................................19 1.2 Aims and Research Questions ...........................................................................20 1.3 Thesis Outline and Scope ...................................................................................21 1.4 Conceptual Frameworks ....................................................................................22 2 The Historical, Economic and Cultural Context for Fish Consumption in Iceland and The Westfjords Region.............................................................................................23 2.1 Current Value of Fisheries in Iceland and the Westfjords Region ................24 2.2 A Brief History of Fishing in Iceland................................................................26 2.3 Changes in Fisheries Management in Iceland..................................................29 2.3.1 Implementation of the Quota System.............................................................29 2.3.2 Monitoring and Enforcement of the Quota System........................................32 2.3.3 Environmental and Economic Benefits..........................................................33 2.3.4 Social Impacts of Icelandic Fisheries Policies ...............................................34 2.4 Dietary Importance of Fish................................................................................38 2.5 Supply of Fish in Iceland....................................................................................40 2.6 Emerging Themes ...............................................................................................42 3 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................43 3.1 Political Ecology Approach................................................................................43 3.1.1 Definitions of Political Ecology.....................................................................43 3.1.2 “The Hatchet and the Seed” ...........................................................................44 3.2 Political Ecology and Local Food ......................................................................45 3.3 Context for the Development of Alternative Food Systems............................46 3.4 Local Food Networks: Definitions and Objectives ..........................................48 3.5 Impacts of Local Food Networks.......................................................................52 3.5.1 Environmental Impacts of Local Food...........................................................52 3.5.2 Health Impacts of Local Food........................................................................53 3.5.3 Economic Impacts of Local Food ..................................................................54 3.5.4 Social Impacts of Local Food: Connection, Community, and Identity..........55 3.6 Issues of Power in Local Food Networks..........................................................56 3.7 Practical Challenges to Local Food System Development ..............................58 3.8 Alternative Food Network Development in Iceland ........................................59 3.9 General Literature on Alternative Networks for Fish Distribution...............61 4 Methodology...............................................................................................................63 4.1 Overview..............................................................................................................63 4.2 Choice of Case Study Towns..............................................................................63 4.3 Survey Questionnaire
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Cruise Icelandic Nature and Traditions
    Icelandic nature and traditions From 8/11/2021 From Reykjavík Ship: LE DUMONT-D'URVILLE to 8/22/2021 to Reykjavík Discover the most beautiful landscapes on the Icelandic west coast during an 12-day PONANT cruise. On the edge of the Arctic, between vast glaciers, vertiginous fjords, volcanoes and boiling geysers, thiscircumnavigation will enable you to discover the wild and romantic landscapes of Iceland. Departing from Reykjavík, you will set off aboardLe Dumont-d’Urville, heading for Heimaey, the only inhabited island in the Westman archipelago. It is an exceptional place composed of volcanoes and almost- desert landscapes, where fishing is the main food source. You will then set sail for the bay ofGrundarfjörður , right near Kirkjufell. This stunning cone-shaped mountain possesses a unique charm and this will be an opportunity to take some beautiful photos. After visiting the villages ofÍsafjörður and Djúpavík, you will head for Siglurfjörður, to the north of Tröllaskagithe peninsula, whose mountainous silhouettes are reminiscent of French alpine reliefs. Founded in the 10th century, this small port reputed for herring fishing is also known for the beauty of its fjord. Le Dumont-d’Urville will sail for Grímsey, a small, hard-to-reach island where, in certain places, the volcanic rock forms magnificent basalt columns. Sea birds reign here. Akureyri, the capital of north Iceland, will welcome you on the shores of the Eyafjörður fjord, very close to the Arctic Circle. Your ship will then head south again toHornafjörður , in the Vatnajökull National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. You will be dazzled by the beauty of the landscapes around the Jökulsarlon glacial lake.
    [Show full text]
  • Eudo Citizenship Observatory
    EUDO CITIZENSHIP OBSERVATORY COUNTRY REPORT: ICELAND Gudni Th. Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson Revised and updated January 2013 http://eudo-citizenship.eu European University Institute, Florence Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies EUDO Citizenship Observatory Report on Iceland Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson Revised and updated January 2013 EUDO Citizenship Observatory Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with Edinburgh University Law School Country Report, RSCAS/EUDO-CIT-CR 2013/8 Badia Fiesolana, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy © Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] The views expressed in this publication cannot in any circumstances be regarded as the official position of the European Union Published in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Research for the EUDO Citizenship Observatory Country Reports has been jointly supported, at various times, by the European Commission grant agreements JLS/2007/IP/CA/009 EUCITAC and HOME/2010/EIFX/CA/1774 ACIT and by the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (both projects co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh). The financial support from these projects is gratefully acknowledged. For information about the project please visit the project website at http://eudo-citizenship.eu Iceland Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson and Thorbjörn Björnsson 1 Introduction Historically, Iceland has been among the world’s most homogenous countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Changes and Culture in Icelandic Coastal Villages
    Social Changes and culture in Icelandic Coastal villages Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Iceland) Abstract Coastal villages in Iceland which have always been character- ized by transformation have in the last two decades been shaped by restructuring of the fisheries, new economic activities such as in tourism, and growing number of foreign laborers. The article examines social and economic transformations in coastal areas based on different research projects that were all based on field research in fishery based villages the northwest part of Iceland. My discussion brings forward some issues re- garding the inhabitants’ changing perceptions of local culture during this time. In the last two decades the concept of culture has become an instrument of both local populations in marginal areas and ethnic groups all over the world with more knowled- ge of other people and other ways of living. Unlike before, cul- ture is increasingly used in the villages in North West of Iceland to describe commonalities and diversities found within them. I illustrate how inhabitants of small villages talk about culture and how they show local culture to tourists. Furthermore with a growing population of foreign origin a conception of multicul- turalism has appeared in the region which again makes the in- habitants more reflective of local culture of the region. These changes can only be understood if put into a global context. However it is important to combine a spatial perspective that 149 sheds light on transnational connections with a historical one to understand the cultural transformations in the villages. Keywords :Coastal villages, locality, culture, labour migrants, multiculture Coastal villages in Iceland have always been characterized by economic and societal changes and by mobility of people and products.
    [Show full text]
  • Marla J. Koberstein
    Master‘s thesis Expansion of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. onto juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. nursery habitat in the Westfjords of Iceland Marla J. Koberstein Advisor: Jόnas Páll Jόnasson University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjörður, February 2013 Supervisory Committee Advisor: Name, title Reader: Name, title Program Director: Dagný Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Marla Koberstein Expansion of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. onto juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. nursery habitat in the Westfjords of Iceland 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Suðurgata 12, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2013 Marla Koberstein All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, Reykjavik, February 2013 Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. __________________________________________ Student‘s name Abstract Sandy-bottom coastal ecosystems provide integral nursery habitat for juvenile fishes, and threats to these regions compromise populations at this critical life stage. The threat of aquatic invasive species in particular can be difficult to detect, and climate change may facilitate the spread and establishment of new species. In 2003, the European brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. was discovered off the southwest coast of Iceland. This species is a concern for Iceland due to the combination of its dominance in coastal communities and level of predation on juvenile flatfish, namely plaice Pleuronectes platessa L., observed in its native range.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release 26.10.2020
    Press Release 26.10.2020 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Media Contacts: Regarding Vestfjarðaleiðin - #TheWestfjordsWay Díana Jóhannsdóttir, Visit Westfjords Email: [email protected] Phone: +354 450-3002/+354 869-1213 Regarding West Iceland Thelma Harðardóttir, Visit West Iceland Email: [email protected] Phone: +354 433-2316 Regarding the Icelandic Road and Costal Administration G. Pétur Matthíasson Email: [email protected] Phone: +354 522-1000 THE NEW DRIVING ROUTE VESTFJARÐALEIÐIN (E. WESTFJORDS WAY) OF 950 KM (590 MI) OFFICIALLY OPENING IN ICELAND ON 25TH OCTOBER PROMISING ONE OF THE MOST SCENIC AND CULTURAL DRIVING ROUTES IN THE WORLD, CIRCUMNAVIGATING THE REMOTE WESTFJORDS PENINSULA AND DALABYGGÐ - Dramatic circular driving route, unpretentious and challenging, summoned by the people of the Westfjords who deal with the elements and nature in their own way - Dýrafjörður, Westfjords, Iceland 25th October 2020 marks the launch of Vestfjarðaleiðin (e. Westfjords Way) by the opening of a tunnel between Arnarfjörður and Dýrafjörður, an important link between the north and south parts of the Westfjords. The opening of the Dýrafjörður Tunnel ensures the new Westfjords Way will be open year-round by relieving the Hrafnseyrarheiði mountain pass that is unpaved and closed for long periods of the year. Vestfjarðaleiðin is however more than just a scenic route as it is also a way of life in the Westfjords and Dalabyggð, the part that looks a little bit like a head on Iceland’s body. The Westfjords have in this way always stood proud from the rest of Iceland, physically and culturally. The Westfjords peninsula is older than Iceland’s body, dramatically marked by the Ice age 10 thousand years ago with deep fjords that provide a unique driving route adorned with cliffs, craggy mountains, valleys, lowlands and unique flora and fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing for Common Ground: Broadening the Definition of ‘Rights-Based’ Fisheries Management in Iceland’S Westfjords
    Master‘s Thesis Fishing For Common Ground: Broadening the Definition of ‘Rights-based’ Fisheries Management in Iceland’s Westfjords Katie Auth Advisor: Níels Einarsson, Ph.D. University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjörður, May 2012 2 Supervisory Committee Advisor: Níels Einarsson, Ph.D., Director of the Stefansson Arctic Institute Reader: Gísli Pálsson, Ph. D., Professor of Anthropology at the University of Iceland Program Director: Dagný Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Katie Auth Fishing For Common Ground: Broadening the Definition of ‘Rights-based’ Fisheries Management in Iceland’s Westfjords 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Suðurgata 12, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2012 Katie Auth All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, Reykjavík, June 2012 3 Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. __________________________________________ Student‘s name 4 Abstract Since the 1980s, so-called “rights-based” fisheries management regimes – specifically those designed to apply market forces to problems of inefficiency and overfishing by divvying up fixed, tradable proportions of a total allowable catch among individuals or cooperatives – have become both one of the most widely advocated and most contentious aspects of marine resource management. Iceland, promoted by some as a successful international model of this approach, has been the site – for nearly thirty years – of fierce debate and controversy regarding the system’s effects on regional development, social justice and wealth disparity.
    [Show full text]
  • Nabo – Social Inclusion of Youth in Iceland 1359131925 1359131925 1359131925
    nabo – social inclusion of youth in Iceland 2525 19 1925 13 13 19 9 9 13 5 5 9 3 3 5 1 1 3 1 3333 26 2633 20 20 26 14 14 20 10 10 14 6 610 6 2 2 2 3939 34 3439 27 27 34 21 21 27 15 15 21 15 7 7 4 4 7 4 4545 40 4045 35 35 40 28 28 35 281616 11 1116 8 8 11 8 4949 46 4649 41 41 46 412929 22 2229 17 17 22 12 12 17 12 5353 50 5053 504242 36 3642 30 30 36 23 23 30 18 18 23 18 “You don’t really belong anywhere – 55 55 555151 47 4751 43 43 47 37 37 43 31 31 37 24 24 31 24 you are not an adult and you are not a child, you are not taken seriously, you are somehow in between…” 5656545654 52 5254 48 48 52 44 44 48 38 38 44 32 32 38 32 – Icelandic youth, Ísafjörður NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland Ellen Dröfn Gunnarsdóttir, Kristín Erla Harðardóttir and Gestur Guðmundsson TemaNord 2019:532 NABO – social inclusion of youth in Iceland Ellen Dröfn Gunnarsdóttir, Kristín Erla Harðardóttir and Gestur Guðmundsson ISBN 978-92-893-6181-1 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-6182-8 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6183-5 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-532 TemaNord 2019:532 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • House of Ice and Cod: the U.S.-Icelandic Alliance Throughout the Cold War
    ABSTRACT HOUSE OF ICE AND COD: THE U.S.-ICELANDIC ALLIANCE THROUGHOUT THE COLD WAR From 1946 to 2006, the Icelandic government made sure to protect their people, their elves, and their cod from foreign powers. However, in a Cold War world, the need for spheres of influence on the part of the United States complicated Iceland’s security. The U.S. foreign policy makers intended to use economic and military coercion to create an alliance with Iceland. Iceland joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and offered an airbase in Keflavík to help the United States’ goal of collective security. The Icelanders and the British fought in three cod wars dragging the United States in to mediate between allies. The question of stationing military personnel and weapons further complicated their relationship. This work uses the range from 1946 to 2006 to show the ways in which two countries dealt with situations involving economics, the military, and the issues of alliance. Also, by showing these situations, one can view how the Cold War was truly a global war where nations large and small were affected in some way. Jeffrey Allen Moosios May 2015 HOUSE OF ICE AND COD: THE US-ICELANDIC ALLIANCE THROUGHOUT THE COLD WAR by Jeffrey Allen Moosios A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno May 2015 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia
    People of Iceland on Iceland Postage Stamps Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness Halldór Laxness Halldór Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] Halldór Laxness ( listen); born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was an Icelandic writer. He won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature; he is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.[2] He wrote novels, poetry, newspaper articles, essays, plays, travelogues and short stories. Major influences included August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Knut Hamsun, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.[3] Contents Early years 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s Born Halldór Guðjónsson Later years 23 April 1902 Family and legacy Reykjavík, Iceland Bibliography Died 8 February 1998 Novels (aged 95) Stories Reykjavík, Iceland Plays Poetry Nationality Icelandic Travelogues and essays Notable Nobel Prize in Memoirs awards Literature Translations 1955 Other Spouses Ingibjörg Einarsdóttir References (m. 1930–1940) External links [1] Auður Sveinsdóttir (m. 1945–1998) Early years Laxness was born in 1902 in Reykjavík. His parents moved to the Laxnes farm in nearby Mosfellssveit parish when he was three. He started to read books and write stories at an early age. He attended the technical school in Reykjavík from 1915 to 1916 and had an article published in the newspaper Morgunblaðið in 1916.[4] By the time his first novel was published (Barn náttúrunnar, 1919), Laxness had already begun his travels on the European continent.[5] 1 of 9 2019/05/19, 11:59 Halldór Laxness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halldór_Laxness 1920s In 1922, Laxness joined the Abbaye Saint-Maurice-et-Saint-Maur in Clervaux, Luxembourg where the monks followed the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia.
    [Show full text]
  • Iceland's Fifth Periodic Report on Implementation of the International
    Iceland’s Fifth Periodic Report on Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Pursuant to Article 40 of the Covenant Government of Iceland Ministry of Justice and Human Rights April 2010 1 CONTENTS Paragraphs I. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 1 - 57 1. Introduction 1 – 3 2. Analysis of the European Commission of Iceland's current situation with respect to human rights and democracy 4 – 6 3. The status of the Covenant in Icelandic law and its effect on legislation and judicial practice 7 – 14 4. Legislation in fields coming under the scope of the Covenant 15 5. International agreements ratified or signed by Iceland 16 6. Conclusions of the European Court of Human Rights in cases against Iceland 17 – 19 7. Views of the Human Rights Committee concerning communication No. 1306/2004 and measures taken 20 – 27 8. Recommendations made by Human Rights Committee in its concluding observations of 2005 28 - 57 II. INFORMATION RELATING TO INDIVIDUAL PROVISIONS OF PARTS I, II AND III OF THE COVENANT 58 – 205 Article 1 58 – 59 Article 2 60 – 65 Article 3 66 – 82 Article 4 83 Article 5 84 Article 6 85 – 86 Article 7 88 – 93 Article 8 94 – 99 Article 9 100 – 107 Article 10 108 – 114 Article 11 115 Article 12 116 – 117 Article 13 118 – 126 Article 14 127 – 147 Article 15 148 – 149 Article 16 150 Article 17 151 – 155 Article 18 156 – 163 Article 19 164 – 166 Article 20 167 2 Article 21 168 - 170 Article 22 171 - 177 Article 23 178 – 180 Article 24 181 – 188 Article 25 189 - 193 Article 26 194 - 198 Article 27 199 – 204 3 Iceland’s Fifth Periodic Report on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Pursuant to Article 40 of the Covenant I.
    [Show full text]
  • Itinerary - Wonders of the West - 10 Days
    Itinerary - Wonders of the West - 10 Days DAY 1: REYKJAVÍK TO THE SNÆFELLSNES PENINSULA Are you ready to begin your adventure around Iceland? The first day takes you out of Reykjavík to Þingvellir National Park. The park is not only home to the most important place in Icelandic history, where one of the world's oldest parliaments was founded in 930, but also Iceland's largest natural lake and a lava field, 1 situated right on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates are moving apart. At Þingvellir you can walk through parts of the ridge. After a stroll in the park, the drive takes you over a rugged mountain pass (not a highland road though) no. 48 to Hvalfjörður, the deepest fjord in the south of Iceland. Carry on to the lovely Skorradalsvalsvatn lake and then to the town of Borgarnes. For those active types, it's ideal to hike 2.5 km up the 60 m crater Eldborg on the way to Snæfellsnes peninsula. DAY 2: SNÆFELLSNES PENINSULA Today you explore the Snæfellsnes peninsula. From Grundarfjörður, head west to drive around the peninsula, through several small and very pretty villages along the coastline. You may want to visit the local waterfall in Ólafsvík before continuing to the national park. Brace yourselves, as you are about to enter a place of (supposed) supernatural powers - Snæfellsjökull glacier and volcano, where Jules Verne based his novel "Journey to the Centre of the Earth". A view to the glacier dominates the park, but it is only visible on relatively 2 bright days.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Results from the CD-ROM Experiment, P. 4
    Vol. 12, No. 3 A Publication of the Geological Society of America March 2002 ▲ Structure and Evolution of the Lithosphere Beneath the Rocky Mountains: Initial Results from the CD-ROM Experiment, p. 4 ▲ A New Symbol for a Great Vision, p. 26 Contents GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than 17,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA Today lead science articles should Vol. 12, No. 3 March 2002 present the results of exciting new research or summarize and synthesize important problems or issues, and they must be understandable to all in the earth science community. Submit manuscripts to science editor science article Karl Karlstrom, [email protected]. GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly by The Geological Structure and Evolution of the Lithosphere Beneath the Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Rocky Mountains: Initial Results from the CD-ROM Experiment Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. CD-ROM Working Group . .4 Periodicals postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, Member Services, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Copyright © 2002, The Geological Society of America, Inc. (GSA). All rights Dialogue: A Collective Vision for the Future: reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. GeoJournals, an Online Aggregate of Fully Interlinked government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists 11 are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, Geoscience Society Journals . to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in other subsequent works and to make unlimited photocopies of items in 12 this journal for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education GSA Foundation Update .
    [Show full text]