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Internet in Russia: Framework, Development Technologies and Social Effects

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Internet in Russia: Framework, Development Technologies and Social Effects SHOLOKHOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY FOR THE HUMANITIES INTERNET IN RUSSIA: FRAMEWORK, DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIAL EFFECTS Moscow, 2013 www.mggu-sh.ru MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH The empirical model is based on methods triangulation due to the combination of qualitative (mass surveys, monitoring of social networks) and quantitative (in-depth interviews) methods. The present model allows to combine the data on the Russian Internet users with the description of their socio-political profiles and types of value orientations. The results of the work of the international research group (9-13 July, 2013, Bogota (Columbia)) of World Internet Project (WIP), form the basis of the method of mass surveys and the tools used for this method. A number of open surveys on the specific features of values and needs of Russian users were added to the WIP methodology. The research is also characterized by the fact that interviewees of the mass surveys were the active Internet users aged 15-30 as well as participants of Russian Educational Forum «Seliger-2013» held in July 2013. The Forum was organized by Federal Agency of Youth Policy of Ministry of Education and Science, RF, which is a strategic partner of the Sholokhov Moscow State University for the Humanities . In addition to the WIP methodology which implies the research based on mass surveys, the present model is combined with in- depth interviews which allow to receive a detailed picture of value preferences of Russian Internet users taking into account their personal characteristics, their communicative style on the Internet. The scientific expertise of the in-depth interviews was provided by Russian Public Opinion Research Centre, research committees in political sociology, Russian Association of Political Science and Russian Sociologists Society. Monitoring of social networks based on cybermetric computerized analysis helps to work with small sampling and reveal interconnection between offline and online representation of value orientations of young Russian users. Financial support of the research was provided by the grant ‘’Influence of the Internet communication on the development of value orientations of young people in Russia’ МД-7540.2013.6 ‘’ (Grants Council under the President of RF). • Research facilities were provided by the Centre of Cyber Politics and Applied Political Research of the Institute of High Hume Technologies in Social Computing, Sholokhov Moscow State University for the Humanities . www.mggu-sh.ru RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS Research goals: – to discover the value preferences of young Internet users in Russia; – to define the degree of involvement of young users in the Internet communication; – to study the most popular sources and gadgets, used for the Internet connection; – to analyse the characteristics of the users’ perception of their political status on the Internet; – to identify risks of the Internet communication for young users; – to study the users’ perception of their freedom and security on the Internet; – to define the frequency of using the Internet-services for communication; – to describe the degree of young users’ participation in content creation/dissemination/posting; – to study the domineering types of the Internet content used by young users in Russia; – to single out the basic roles, typical for young Internet users; – to study the specific features of how young people use the Internet for economic and financial purposes; – to study the specific features of how young people use the Internet for educational purposes and their professional growth; – to analyse the correlations between the degree of involvement of young users in the Internet communication and socio-demographic factors; – to characterise social and political profiles of young Internet users; – to analyse the representation of the main value orientation of young Internet users in their profiles on Vk; – to compare the value orientations of young users expressed online and offline; – to study the representation of nuclear value orientations online in the Internet discourse; – to study the representation of nuclear value orientations offline in the Internet discourse; – to define the representation of life goals of young users in the Internet discourse; – to analyse the representation of the perception of future by young Internet users in Russia. www.mggu-sh.ru SAMPLING VERIFICATION The mass survey is based on multi-step sampling, which includes the procedure of the step-by-step selection of subjects. The body of subjects chosen on the previous level (stage) becomes initial for the selection on the next one. Probability (cluster) sampling is used on the first level. The selection units on this level comprise different types of settlements (urban/rural) in Federal Districts of Russia (Central, North-Western, Southern, North Caucasus, Ural, Siberian, Far Eastern). The quota sampling is used on the next level. Sampling units in this level (secondary units) are chosen in accordance with the statistical data (quota parameters) on demographic characteristics (gender, age) of the subjects from the entire assembly. The sampling units are chosen with the help of random non- repeated selection (all units in the assembly have the same probability of being included into the sampling). The total number of the sampling is 1100 people aged 15-30. The sampling error does not exceed 3%. The qualitative (mass) research and quantitative (in-depth interviews) research are based on opposed principles. The first kind of research is mainly statistical and it is aimed at the search of a homogeneous group of respondents with the required characteristics (gender, age, type of settlement, region). The second kind uses the principle of heterogeneity: the choice of a new respondent, object or situation depends on their opposition and variability. The in-depth interview is based on the random sampling. The researchers use the targeted selection (method of typical representatives) which means that the selection is performed in accordance with certain criteria: individual characteristics (gender, age, level of education, occupation, federal district, and type of settlement), the degree of involvement of users in Internet communication (not less than 1 time a week), the account in social network(s). Therefore, the respondents from the mass survey who gave the most detailed positions participate in the in-depth interview. The sampling volume for the in-depth interview is 40 respondents aged 14-33. Monitoring of social networks is performed with the help of cybermetric instruments of the national social network Vk and the Internet-server – IQ Buzz (for Facebook, Twitter and other blog hosting), which allowed the researchers to use the complete sampling. www.mggu-sh.ru Diagram 1 Diagram 3 Respondents distribution based on their age Respondents distribution based on their level of education Secondary school/middle Primary school or lower;school/attending high High school 2,5 school; 6,7 graduate/vocational 15-19; 25,3 school; 7,6 25-30; 37,6 College degree/university degree or higher; 46,4 Attending or attended university; 36,4 20-24; 37,1 What is the highest level of schooling that you have completed?, % In what year were you born?, % Diagram 2 Diagram 4 Respondents distribution based on their gender Respondents distribution based on their educational status No; 32,7 Male; 50 Female; 50 Yes; 66,7 Are you a student?, % Gender, % www.mggu-sh.ru Diagram 5 Respondents distribution based on their employment status Other (SPECIFY); 21,6 None of the above; 1,7 Employed part-time; Permanently disabled 27,2 (unable to work); ,9 Retired; ,2 Unemployed; 3,4 Housewife/Househusba nd/Looking after other Employed full-time; persons; ,6 44,4 Diagram 6 Are you employed?, % Respondents distribution according to the federal districts Southern Federal Far Eastern Federal District; 8,2 District; 4,5 Volga Federal District; 20,5 Central Federal District; 28,4 Northwestern Federal District; 10,4 North Federal District; Urals Federal District; Siberian Federal 4,9 9,1 District; 14 Federal District? % www.mggu-sh.ru INTENSITY OF THE INTERNET COMMUNICATION According to the findings of the mass opinion poll, 99,5 % of the respondents are the Internet users (diagram 7). It is interesting that 32 % have been involved in the Internet communication for the last five years, 55,2 % have been using the Internet for about 6 – 10 years, 9,5 % have been online for more than 10 years and 1,3 % – for more than 15 years (diagram 8). Taking into consideration these statistics, we can assume that increase in the Internet proliferation in Russia is primarily effected due to the involvement of young peo- ple in the Internet communication. The hierarchy of information sources for Russian young people includes (it is based on the sum of positive responses to “absolutely important” + “important”): the Internet (85,8 %); personal communication (84,5 %); television (53,3 %); press (50,6 %); radio (40,2 %). It is necessary to point out certain aspects. Firstly, proportions of those respondents who mentioned personal online communication as a significant source of information are identical in size. Apparently, this is determined by the fact that personal communication is more and more moving to the virtual space. Secondly, analysis of the priority level of various information sources (only the “absolutely impor- tant” response is taken into account) results in a significantly different hierarchy of preferences of young people: 44,7 % treat personal communication
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