Situation Overview: Greater , South October - December 2018

Map 2: REACH assessment coverage of the Greater Equatoria region, October (A), November (B) face-to-face KI interviews and additionally REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - October 2018 Introduction 1REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - November 2018 and December 2018 (C) Legend 1 0 - 4.9% through phone call interviews with KIs residing 5 - 10% Legend 21 - 50% 0 - 4.9% 5 - 10% In September 2018, a revitalised peace across the Greater Equatoria region and who (A) (B)11 - 20% 1 agreement was signed in . In had direct knowledge of the situation in a hard- the first few months of its implementation to-reach settlement. at the local level in the Greater Equatoria From October to December 2018, REACH REACH Area of Knowledge (AoK) settlement coverage - December 2018 region, humanitarian partners reported an 1 Legend 0 - 4.9% interviewed 609 KIs that had knowledge about 5 - 10% improvement of humanitarian access in certain 11 - 20% 471 different settlements: 135 settlements (C) areas where access had been limited for a Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.Indicator color (coverage). Details are shown for County, County Join and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps October 2018. The State Label filter keeps , and . The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. in all six counties of Central Equatoria State, 21 - 0 Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.Indicator color (coverage). Details are shown for County, County Join and Month Month. For pane 2 0 - 4.4 Latitude (generated) (2): Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps November 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria, long period beforehand. However, localised Eastern Equatoria and Western Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. 158 settlements in five out of eight counties of 4. - 10 1 - 100 insecurity continued in the Greater Equatoria Eastern Equatoria State and 178 settlements region and intensified in December, leading to in six out of ten counties of Western Equatoria 11 - 20 Assessed settlement renewed deterioration of humanitarian access State (Map 2). Findings were triangulated with 4 3 and populations in need not being reached. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted in to food and basic services for IDPs and host are not necessarily permanently returning to Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.Indicator color (coverage). Details are shown for County, County Join and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps December 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria and Western Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. In order to fill information gaps and improve Town with internally displaced persons communities across the Greater Equatoria their settlement of origin, but rather that some humanitarian programming, REACH has (IDPs) from , and secondary data, region from October to December 2018. The members of the household are undertaking been collecting monthly data on hard-to-reach including other assessments conducted by following analysis will summarise trends for the tentative travels to South Sudan in order to settlements across the Greater Equatoria region REACH in the Greater Equatoria region over Greater Equatoria region as well as analyse assess the situation. the reporting period. the three states separately. since January 2017 through interviews with In Kapoeta town, where REACH monitors Key Informants (KIs). Between October and This Situation Overview provides a summary Population Movement and cross border movements between South December 2018, data was collected through of displacement trends in addition to access Sudan and Kakuma refugee camp in , Map 1: Counties in the Greater Equatoria Region, December 2018 Displacement the majority of recorded incoming households In the last quarter of 2018, a perception of report that they are not planning to stay Nagero Tambura improved safety appears to have led to an permanently at their final destination in South

Mvolo increase in mobility among persons who have Sudan. In some cases, those travels involve

Terekeka been displaced by conflict in recent years returning to the homestead and verifying the Mundri Lopa Ibba West Mundri Kapoeta Kapoeta within the Greater Equatoria region and across condition of the household’s shelter or field. Ezo East North East international borders. While the number of In other cases, the members of the household Nzara Kapoeta South Sudanese households crossing the travel directly to urban areas such as Juba South Yei Lainya Budi border from and Kenya back into in order to reunite with family members and Ikotos 4 Kajo-Keji South Sudan has increased, patterns of acquaintances and assess the livelihood Morobo movements suggest that most households opportunities available. Whilst inflows into

1. Al Jazeera, South Sudan president signs peace deal with 4. IOM-DTM. South Sudan - Uganda / South Sudan Flow rebel leader. September 2018. Monitoring April – October 2018. 2. OCHA. Humanitarian Access Snapshot. November 2018. 3. OCHA. Humanitarian Access Snapshot. December 2018. Figure 1: Proportion of assessed settlements up to the peace agreement and immediately Sudan was greater than the total outflow METHODOLOGY reporting IDP presence, December 2018 after, some with the intention of staying for outside of South Sudan in November 2018, To provide an overview of the situation over six months.6 as 107 households (343 individuals)8 were in largely inaccessible areas of Greater 63% Yes However, insecurity intensified again in Yei recorded arriving in Kapoeta Town while in Equatoria, REACH uses primary data provided 37% No and Lainya Counties as well as in southern October 2018, 30 households (102 individuals) by KIs living in or recently arrived from these 9 toward the end of December had arrived in Kapoeta Town. This suggests areas, or “Areas of Knowledge” (AoK). 63+37+A that there is an increasing willingness of and led to new displacement, in addition to Information for this report was collected Figure 2: Proportion of assessed settlements creating renewed insecurity along main roads refugees to return to South Sudan. reporting returnee presence, December 2018 primarily from newly arrived KIs from Greater connecting Central Equatoria to neighbouring There was also a clear increase in the number Equatoria to Yambio and Kapoeta Towns and countries, thereby stemming the flow of of households reporting to be planning to come supplemented with remote phone calls to KIs returns.7 40% Yes back to South Sudan for six months or more. living in the settlements of interest. The remote 60% No Eastern Equatoria State assessment involved in-depth interviews with For instance, in October, 16% of recorded participants selected through a snowball 40+60+A At REACH’s Road Monitoring site in Kapoeta households transiting through Kapoeta Town reported that they intended to stay more sampling technique. A standardised survey South Sudan surpassed outflows, outflows Town, the volume of outflows and inflows to than 6 months at their final destination, but tool was used that comprised questions on toward neighbouring countries have also and from refugee camps in Kenya increased in December, this had increased to 33% displacement trends, population needs and continued over the period, largely driven by a in November and December, which is partly of recorded households. Among recorded access to basic services. lack of food and limited access to adequate explained by seasonal increase in travel and households transiting from Kenya through After data collection was completed, all services. family visits around the holiday period with many households reporting to be travelling to Kapoeta Town in December, 31% reported data was examined at the settlement level, Central Equatoria State and settlements were assigned the modal join their families. For the first time in several to be originally from Jonglei State and most Over the first few months that followed the months,Assess e thed s e totalttlem e recordednts repor ti inflowng on ID Ptos: p r eSouthse nt inintended settleme n tot - settleDecem inb e Jubar 2018 (reported by 90% response. When no consensus could be 1 found for a settlement, it was not included in signing of the peace agreement in September, Map 3: Percentage of assessed settlements in the Greater Equatoria region reporting IDP presence, A.indicator color (yes/no bad) 0% reporting. Descriptive statistics and geospatial the Yei River area became increasingly December 2018 1 - 20% 21 - 40% analysis were then used to analyse the data. stable, leading to a near halt in reports of 41 - 60% 3 61 - 80% incidents of insecurity in November. This lull 81 - 100% When comparing the results of indicators Insufficient data in counties over time, coverage must be in insecurity followed multiple consecutive comparable from month to month so that quarters characterised by recurring episodes similar settlements are analysed. Since of localised insecurity and subsequent 4 payams are the unit of service provision displacement toward Yei town. within an area, this is the unit that has beeen Cross border movements increased between used for determining the degree of similarity Uganda and the Yei River area of South in a county over time. For a county to qualify Sudan, aided by perception that safety had 0 61 - 80 for trend analysis, it must obtain a coverage 5 improved along the Kaya-Yei road. Perception 1 - 20 81 - 100 score of 70% of payams or greater over the of increased safety reportedly prompted some 21 - 40 Insuicient data time period. South Sudanese refugees settled in Uganda 41 - 60 to travel toward Yei over the months leading Assessed settlement

Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.indicator color (yes/no bad). Details are shown for County and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps December 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria, Eastern 3. ACLED. Political violence and protest data. October to 6. IOM-DTM. South Sudan - Uganda / South Sudan Flow Equatoria and Western Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. December 2018. Monitoring April – October 2018. 2 4. REACH. Yei Displacement Brief. March 2018. 7. OCHA. Humanitarian Access Snapshot. December 2018. 5. UNMISS. UNMISS begins weekly patrols along Yei-Kaya road 8. REACH. Kapoeta Town Road Monitoring. November 2018. as more refugees return. January 2019. 9. REACH. Kapoeta Town Road Monitoring. October 2018. of households originally from Jonglei State). Map 4: Displacement patterns across the Greater Equatoria region, October - December 2018 Over the previous quarters of 2018, only a few ixed permanent and temporary returns reugees households who were originally from Jonglei isplacement caused by lack o ood returned to South Sudan via Kapoeta Town. isplacement caused by insecurity This new trend may suggest that returnees aily crossborder movement who have been displaced from Greater Nagero Tentative returns ollowing internal displacement Nagero! Upper by earlier conflicts from 2013 and Mvolo 2016 are starting to use Juba as a family ambura ! Central Mvolo ambura reunification hub where they settle temporarily ! ediba erekeka Maridi ! while assessing their options. Republic !Mundri erekeka! afon Eo Ibba ! Eo Mundri apoeta East In terms of outflows toward neighbouring Maridi uba Riwoto ambio Ibba ! est ! apoeta ! uba ! !Imeheek ! countries, REACH KIs reported that many of Nara!Nara ! ! the households that had returned from refugee ambio orit Narus ei ainya! !orit Budi !Chukudum settlements in Uganda and Kenya around May- Democratic ! ! !Ikotos Kenya Magwi Ikotos June in order to cultivate had subsequently Republic ei ! Magwi ao ei gone back to their country of asylum following of Congo Morobo! a particularly bad second harvest. The bad Uganda harvest was reportedly caused by a dry spell that affected the Greater Torit area. Western Equatoria State Situation in Assessed food in December, which is a significant total output from cultivation.11 12 Accordingly, decrease from 83%, which was reported by The security situation in Western Equatoria Settlements 43% of assessed settlements that reported assessed settlements in the previous quarter greatly improved compared to the wave of inadequate access to food also reported that Food security and Livelihoods (September). This suggests that the harvests insecurity that occurred around June / July this situation was primarily caused by a lack have been exhausted during this quarter and 2018. Humanitarian partners based in Yambio While insecurity has generally decreased in due to the dry spells, the harvests may not of rain. Among areas where KIs reported that were able to conduct several assessments most parts of the Greater Equatoria region have lasted as long as expected. the dry spell severely affected crops were the outside of Yambio town over the period. over the second half of 2018, a combination Greater Kapoeta area and the Greater Torit Partners reported that some of the IDPs that of unfavourable climatic conditions, continued Among the 73% of assessed settlements that had been displaced from Nagero County and economic hardships, in some places still limited reported inadequate access to food, 43% area in Eastern Equatoria, areas bordering from areas along the Yambio and Tambura humanitarian access and generally diminished reported that this situation was causing severe Uganda, and the /Mundri area. road during the June/July instability period coping capacity have all contributed to a vast hunger. These settlements were spread out Figure 3: Percentage of assessed settlements 19+22+33 had started to return to the areas that they had majority of assessed settlements reporting throughout the Greater Equatoria region. While reporting adequate access to food, December been displaced from.10 inadequate access to food in December 2018, the harvest was expected to relieve many 2018 in spite of the harvest in most areas of the areas that were facing high food insecurity 27% of assessed However, some of the displaced reportedly region. as per the September 2018 Integrated Food settlements reported remained concerned about returning to those Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis, adequate access to areas, and therefore stayed in their area of Only 27% of assessed settlements reported most areas of the Equatorias were affected food displacement. that most people had adequate access to by a dry spell that reportedly decreased 45+55+A 10. Yambio Humanitarian Coordination Forum. Meeting notes. 8 October 2018. 3 11. IPC. South Sudan IPC Analysis Key Messages. September 2018. 12. FAO Crop Watch - Updates to 3rd Dekad of July 2018. Map 5: Percentage of assessed settlements in the Greater Equatoria region reporting adequate areas of the region over the past few months. In areas where livestock rearing is a common access to food, December 2018 However, in December, 32% of assessed source of livelihoods, almost all assessed settlements reported disputes over ownership settlements reported that households had to of land. The two counties where availability of sell livestock more than usual in order to cope land was reported to be the lowest were Yei, with lack of access to food. Excess sale of where insecurity was high in December, and livestock has been a constant concern in the Juba, where most of the population lives in Greater Kapoeta area in the past few years urban areas. as a result of recurrent climatic shocks, and is believed to be a factor that drives insecurity, Coping strategies as communities become more likely to turn to In comparison to the third quarter, a higher cattle raiding in order to reconstitute the herds 0 61 - 80 proportion of assessed settlements are having of cattle. This suggests that many households 1 - 20 81 - 100 to utilise more severe coping strategies, are having to continue using severe coping 21 - 40 Insuicient data which could be a sign of exhausted food strategies, which will deplete their assets 41 - 60 Assessed settlement stocks. For instance, 21% of assessed and therefore reduce their resilience to future settlements reported selling their home assets shocks. The second reason most frequently cited to physical access to a functioning market in December, but in September, only 1% of The limited access to food likely caused many explain the inability of households to access was reported to be very high in December, assessed settlements reported selling their households in the assessed settlements enough food was high prices, as reported by with 95% of assessed settlements reporting home assets. The only exception was the of the Greater Equatoria region to reduce 18% of assessed settlements with inadequate that they were able to reach a market, as selling of livestock, which was reported by food consumption, with 50% of assessed access to food, most of which were urban opposed to 64% in August. The increase in 63% of assessed settlements in September settlements reporting to be consuming only settlements of Juba and Torit towns where access is likely a result of the onset of the dry (previous quarter) but 38% in December. one meal a day. A total of 76% of assessed households tend to be more market dependent. season, as most of the roads that are typically However, this could be a sign that this coping settlements reported that households had to For example, 83% of settlements assessed in impassable in the rainy season, with August strategy has likely been exhausted. reduce the portions of food that they were Juba County and 54% in Torit reported that and September normally being the wettest consuming during each meal, and 70% they were mostly purchasing their food as Households also had to adopt coping months, due to flooding became usable again. reported that they had reduced the total opposed to relying on household production. strategies in order to compensate for amount of meals consumed in one day. In While prices in most markets of South Sudan Another factor that is likely preventing restricted livelihoods and inability to afford certain areas, assessed settlements reported were reported to have slightly decreased over households in the Greater Equatoria region food at the market. In December, the vast that some households were resorting to more the second half of 2018 in line with the harvest from producing enough food for their own majority of assessed settlements reported extreme coping strategies such as adults season, the rapid and steady devaluation of consumption and even for commercial that some households had to borrow food not eating so that children can eat (40% the South Sudanese pound throughout the purpose is that agricultural inputs are from their neighbours or relatives (79%), and of assessed settlements) and households previous years had already caused a steep reported to be widely unavailable, with 74% 49% reported that households had resorted not eating for entire days due to inadequate increase in prices of basic staples over several of assessed settlements reporting insufficient to gathering wild foods due to the low harvest access to food (23%). months. Therefore, a small decrease in market access to agricultural inputs and tools. Land, yields. KIs reported that in some locations prices does not automatically mean that basic on the other hand, appears to be increasingly such as Terekeka, households were displaced Settlements reporting these more extreme staples have become considerably more available for households to cultivate, likely to river banks areas in order to access wild coping strategies were located in the Greater affordable for most households.13 However, due to the improvement in security in many food more easily. Kapoeta area, where rainfall was especially

13. WFP. South Sudan Monthly Market Price Monitoring 4 Bulletin. October 2018. poor during the last cultivation season, and in quarters, the most frequently cited primary are still living in their original settlement, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Nagero, an area which is still feeling the impact protection concern among women was most assessed settlements reported that the Access to a least one functioning borehole was of widespread insecurity that occurred around domestic violence in December (31% of majority lived in solid structures such as tukuls reportedly high across the assessed areas of June and displaced most of the population, assessed settlements), while among men (82% of assessed settlements) and permanent Greater Equatoria region in December, with which prevented people from cultivating. it was cattle raiding (19%). The settlements structures (9%). 87% of assessed settlements reporting that reporting cattle raiding to be the main Protection In comparison, the proportion of assessed boreholes were present in their settlement, of protection concern among men were largely settlements with IDPs that reported that which 89% reported that the boreholes were In the aftermath of the signing of the concentrated in the key pastoralist areas the majority of them were living in less solid functional. However, these boreholes were peace agreement at the Juba level, peace of the Greater Equatoria region such as the shelters, with 35% of assessed settlements not easily accessible, as 21% of assessed celebrations were organised in key towns Greater Kapoeta area and Terekeka. such as Yambio and Yei in order to increase reporting that the main shelter type among settlements reported that it took on average Elsewhere, assessed settlements were much awareness about the peace deal.14 Despite IDPs was rakooba, and 14% reporting that between 1 hour to half a day to access the more likely to report that men did not face these events, 25% of assessed settlements IDPs were living in very poor quality shelters nearest water point. any protection concerns, for example 67% reported that most people did not feel safe such as tents, abandoned structures or Access to water remained restricted by of assessed settlements in Yambio County, most of the time in their area. This may be due improvised shelters. insecurity incidents and protection concerns in Western Equatoria, and 63% in , to continued insecurity in the Yei river area, many areas, with 17% of assessed settlements Eastern Equatoria. Among girls, the protection While insecurity has been more localised in which signalled that instability was likely to reporting that some people in the settlement concern most reported in the assessed the final quarter of 2018 as it had been at the persist in the Greater Equatoria region in the were not able to access their preferred water settlements was early marriage (40% of end of 2017 or even in previous quarters, 10% foreseeable future. point due to fear for their safety. These assessed settlements) while among boys a of assessed settlements reported that at least Even though insecurity was more localised vast array of protection concerns was reported, one shelter had been destroyed by fighting settlements were mostly concentrated in during the period, assessed settlements such as violence between neighbours (15%) in December 2018. These settlements were Western Equatoria, and especially Nagero reporting that most people did not feel safe and family separation (11%). mostly concentrated in Yei, where intense and Ezo Counties, where respectively 75% were spread out across the Greater Equatoria insecurity occurred toward the end of the and 71% of assessed settlements reported Across all groups, the proportion of assessed region, suggesting that local-level tensions month, as well as in the Mundri area, where not being able to access the water point out settlements reporting that protection concerns persist. In December 2018, 18% of assessed localised insecurity was also reported in of fear, which is consistent with reports that revolved around non cattle-related conflict was settlements reported that incidents of theft or December. the situation in the western part of Western very low compared to previous quarters, likely looting had taken place in their area and 8% Equatoria remains tense following a period of because insecurity has become more and The most essential non-food item (NFI) reported that serious incidents of conflict in high insecurity around June 2018. more localised in the Greater Equatoria region needed by IDPs were cooking pots, which which a civilian was killed had taken place. in recent months, and as such many areas was reported by 44% of assessed settlements As was the case throughout the year, the Consistent with the trend seen in previous have not seen active fighting for a prolonged in December where IDPs were reported to be Greater Kapoeta area was an area of concern present. This was followed by blankets (17%) in terms of usage of latrines in the final quarter Figure 4: Reported incidents during which period of time. and sleeping mats (14%). In December, 10% Figure 5: Access to a functioning borehole, civilians were killed, December 2018 Shelter of assessed settlements reported that there December 2018 8% of assessed 77% of assessed settlements reported The Greater Equatoria region has been faced had been an NFI distribution within the last with high displacement for over two years, and three months, which could be attributed to settlements reported conflict-related access to a incidents many shelters were destroyed during conflict. localised insecurity disrupting humanitarian functioning borehole 8+92+A Among the host community populations that access. 77+23+A 14. UNMISS. People of Conflict-Affected Yei Want Peace to Become a Reality. 2 November 2018; UNMISS. Cultural Gala in 5 Yambio Promotes Unity in Diversity. 22 November 2018. of 2018, with 100% of assessed settlements are not able to undertake such a journey. In primary cause of mortality, as seen in Figure the lack of access to education services in in Kapoeta North and 80% of assessed assessed settlements where health services 6, could be in relation to the lack of appropriate the assessed settlement was the distance settlements in Kapoeta South reporting that were reported to be unavailable, 50% reported shelter and the rainy season, which ended in involved to reach the nearest facilities. As the no one was using latrines. In both cases, that the main reason was that facilities were November. Ten percent (10%) of assessed rainy season ended around October, many of assessed settlements reported that the lack never available from their settlement, and settlements with presence of IDPs reported the settlements that became isolated in the of latrine usage was due to the absence of 25% reported that the nearest facilities are too that mosquito nets was the most essential rainy season may have re-gained access to physical infrastructure, with a minority of distant. NFI needed. The lack of mosquito nets may education facilities with the improvement of settlements also reporting that low latrine be increasing vulnerability to malaria amongst road conditions. Areas where access to health services was usage was due to cultural reasons. The some IDP populations. reported to be comparatively low in the Greater Among the 22% of assessed settlements Greater Kapoeta area is largely inhabited by Equatoria region included the Greater Kapoeta Education reporting that education services were not semi-nomadic pastoralist populations who are area, in Eastern Equatoria, where Kapoeta accessible in December 2018, the most constantly on the move with their cattle, and The proportion of assessed settlements South and Kapoeta North had respectively frequently cited reason for the lack of access therefore investment in physical infrastructure reporting access to education increased in 40% and 50% of assessed settlements was that facilities providing education services is not usually a high priority. the final quarter of 2018 compared to the reporting that health services were not were never accessible from their settlement previous quarter, with 78% of assessed Health accessible from their location. The other area to begin with, even prior to conflict in the settlements reporting that services were Greater Equatoria region. Similarly to the Reported access to health services was where access to services was comparatively accessible across the Greater Equatoria trend observed in terms of access to health relatively high in the last quarter of 2018 lower was Nagero, in Western Equatoria, region in December 2018 as opposed to 55% services, reasons cited to explain the lack compared to the previous quarters of the where 50% of assessed settlements reported of assessed settlements reporting the same of access to education services were not year, with 85% of assessed settlements a lack of access to health services. in August 2018 (previous quarter). In August particularly tied to conflict, likely because most reporting that services were accessible from AThesse ss frequented settl em reportingents rep o ofrt in malariag on e du asca t theion : avatheila bmostility frequentlyof service sreported - Decem reasonber 20 to18 explain areas of the Greater Equatoria region have not their settlement. Nevertheless, 40% of those 1 Map 6: Percentage of assessed settlements in the Greater Equatoria region reporting adequate beenA.indica toaffectedr color (yes/no good ) by widespread insecurity lately. assessed settlements reporting access 1 - 20% access to education services, December 2018 While21 - 4at0% the same period last year the reported to health services also reported that the reasons41 - 60% for low access to education facilities services were between one hour and a full 61 - 80% were81 - 100heavily% associated with insecurity day of walking from their settlement, which and Insu conflict,fficient data in December 2018 only 15% indicates that access to services remains a of assessed settlements without access to challenge for the more vulnerable populations education services reported that services were within these settlements, such as the elderly unavailable due to insecurity-related reasons. or persons with physical disabilities who In spite of the increasing access to education Figure 6: Proportion of assessed settlements services reported in the assessed settlements, reporting primary perceived causes of death, the majority of assessed settlement continued December 2018 0 61 - 80 to have poor enrollment rates among both 50+17+9 Malaria 50% 1 - 20 81 - 100 boys and girls, with 52% and 56% of assessed settlements reporting that half or less of boys Natural causes 17% 21 - 40 Insuicient data and girls respectively were regularly attending 41 - 60 Typhoid 9% Assessed settlement school in settlements where education

Map based on Longitude (generated) and Latitude (generated) and Latitude (generated). For pane Latitude (generated): Color shows details about A.indicator color (yes/no good). Details are shown for County and Month Month. For pane Latitude (generated) (2): Size shows Settlement Size (Parameters). Details are shown for Namecounty. The data is filtered on Month Month and State Label. The Month Month filter keeps December 2018. The State Label filter keeps Central Equatoria, Eastern 6 Equatoria and Western Equatoria. The view is filtered on Latitude (generated), which keeps non-Null values only. services were reported to be available. quarter, which is likely due to the improvement Assessed settlements reported that inability to of road conditions following the onset of the pay the school fees was the primary barrier to dry season at the beginning of the quarter, as access to education for both boys and girls in well as improved perceptions of security. December 2018. Nevertheless, there has been extensive Conclusion damage inflicted on basic service provision networks by years of localised insecurity and While humanitarian access improved in denial of humanitarian access across the the Greater Equatoria region, the security Greater Equatoria region. Progress in terms situation remained volatile. Toward the of meaningful improvement in access to basic end of the year, incidents of conflicts in resources and services may take longer to Central Equatoria revived concerns that materialise in spite of improvement in the unresolved local disputes had the potential security situation in many areas. to continue destabilising the region. Most of the populations that were displaced within or outside the Greater Equatoria region as a result of insecurity over the past years have not yet returned to their areas of origin. In many cases, shelters and facilities where services used to be provided have reportedly been destroyed or looted, deterring civilians from leaving the refugee settlements/camps in About REACH Uganda, Kenya, DRC and CAR. REACH facilitates the development of information tools and products that Low levels of access to food reported across enhance the capacity of aid actors to the Greater Equatoria region in December make evidence-based decisions in 2018 suggest that the most recent harvest emergency, recovery and development did not provide the much-needed relief to contexts. All REACH activities are communities in terms of food security. The conducted through inter-agency aid loss of large portions of the harvest due to coordination mechanisms. a dry spell and pests in the second half of 2018 allow to anticipate an early onset of the For more information, you can write lean season across the region this year. On to our in-country office: southsudan@ the other hand, available data suggests that reach-initiative.org or to our global office: access to basic services such as education [email protected]. and healthcare has improved from the previous Visit www.reach-initiative.org and follow us @REACH_info.

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