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Hitler – Films from Germany The Holocaust and Its Contexts Series Editors: Olaf Jensen, University of Leicester, UK, and Claus-Christian W. Szejnmann, Loughborough University, UK. Series Editorial Board: Wolfgang Benz, Robert G. Moeller and Mirjam Wenzel More than 60 years on, the Holocaust remains a subject of intense debate with ever-widening ramifications. This series aims to demonstrate the continuing rel- evance of the Holocaust and related issues in contemporary society, politics and culture; studying the Holocaust and its history broadens our understanding not only of the events themselves but also of their present-day significance. The series acknowledges and responds to the continuing gaps in our knowledge about the events that constituted the Holocaust, the various forms in which the Holocaust has been remembered, interpreted and discussed, and the increasing importance of the Holocaust today to many individuals and communities. Titles include: Olaf Jensen and Claus-Christian W. Szejnmann (editors) ORDINARY PEOPLE AS MASS MURDERERS Perpetrators in Comparative Perspectives Karolin Machtans and Martin A. Ruehl (editors) HITLER – FILMS FROM GERMANY History, Cinema, and Politics since 1945 Tanja Schult A HERO’S MANY FACES Raoul Wallenberg in Contemporary Monuments Forthcoming titles: Olaf Jensen (editor) HISTORY AND MEMORY AFTER THE HOLOCAUST IN GERMANY, POLAND, RUSSIA AND BRITAIN The Holocaust and Its Contexts Series Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–22386–8 Hardback 978–0–230–22387–5 Paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Hitler – Films from Germany History, Cinema and Politics since 1945 Edited by Karolin Machtans Assistant Professor of German Studies, Connecticut College Martin A. Ruehl Lecturer in German Thought, University of Cambridge Palgrave macmillan Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Karolin Machtans and Martin A. Ruehl 2012 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978–0–230–22990–7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-31110-1 ISBN 978-1-137-03238-6 ()eBook DOI 10.1057/9781137032386 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hitler—films from Germany : history, cinema and politics since 1945 / edited by Martin A. Ruehl, Karolin Machtans. p. cm. Summary: “The first book-length study to critically examine the recent wave of Hitler biopics in German cinema and television. A group of international experts discuss films like Downfall in the context of earlier portrayals of Hitler and draw out their implications for the changing place of the Third Reich in the national historical imagination”—Provided by publisher. 1. Hitler, Adolf, 1889–1945—In motion pictures. 2. Motion pictures— Germany—History—21st century. 3. Television—Germany—History— 21st century. I. Ruehl, Martin. II. Machtans, Karolin. PN1995.9.H514M585 2012 791.43651—dc23 2012021611 10987654321 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments xii Notes on Contributors xiii Introduction 1 Karolin Machtans and Martin A. Ruehl Part I Totem and Taboo 1 The Führer’s Fake: Presence of an Afterlife 35 Eric Rentschler 2 ‘Hitler’s Shadow Still Looms over Us’: G. W. Pabst’s The Last Ten Days as Film and Event 56 Michael Töteberg 3 Our Hitler: A Film by Hans-Jürgen Syberberg 72 Thomas Elsaesser Part II Another Hitler 4 Entombing the Nazi Past: On Downfall and Historicism 99 Sabine Hake 5 Tragedy and Farce: Dani Levy’s Mein Führer 132 Michael D. Richardson 6 Man, Demon, Icon: Hitler’s Image between Cinematic Representation and Historical Reality 151 Michael Elm 7 Hitler Wars: Guilt and Complicity from Hirschbiegel to Harald Schmidt 168 Michael Butter v vi Contents Part III Approximations 8 Hitler Nonfictional: On Didacticism and Exploitation in Recent Documentary Films 193 Kerstin Stutterheim 9 Encountering Hitler: Seductive Charisma and Memory Spaces in Heinrich Breloer’s Speer & Hitler 211 Axel Bangert 10 Far Away So Close: Loving to Hate Hitler 234 Johannes von Moltke Index 244 Illustrations Figures i.1 Cover page of Hans-Jürgen Syberberg’s book Hitler – A Film from Germany (1982) 2 i.2 Hitler salutes crowds of supporters from a motorcade: scene from Hitler: A Career (1977), directed by Joachim Fest and Christian Herrendoerfer 3 i.3 Anthony Hopkins as Hitler in George Schaefer’s television dramatization The Bunker (1981) 9 i.4 Udo Kier as Hitler in Christoph Schlingensief’s 100 Years of Adolf Hitler: The Last Hour in the Führerbunker (1989) 11 i.5 Bruno Ganz as Hitler in Downfall (2004) 12 i.6 Helge Schneider as Hitler in Dani Levy’s Mein Führer (2007) 14 i.7 Martin Wuttke as Hitler in Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds (2009) 15 i.8 Hitler features in an AIDS awareness ad released by German charity Regenbogen in 2009 16 1.1 The opening scene of Helmut Dietl’s Schtonk! (1992), with Günther Bader in the role of Hitler 36 1.2 Forger Fritz Knobel (Uwe Ochsenknecht) takes on Hitler’s features in Schtonk! (1992) 39 1.3 The young Fritz Knobel (Robert Chalkey) copies Hitler’s signature from the frontispiece of Mein Kampf in Schtonk! (1992) 43 1.4 A close-up of Hitler’s handwriting: scene from Schtonk! (1992) 50 2.1 Hitler (Albin Skoda) on the cover of the original program brochure for G. W. Pabst’s The Last Ten Days (1955) 57 2.2 Albin Skoda as Hitler and Willy Krause as Goebbels in Pabst’s The Last Ten Days (1955) 61 2.3 Hitler (Albin Skoda) accepts defeat: scene from The Last Ten Days (1955) 67 3.1 One of the Hitler puppets in Hans-Jürgen Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 79 vii viii List of Illustrations 3.2 Hitler (Heinz Schubert) as ‘carpet eater’: scene from Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 84 3.3 Hitler (Heinz Schubert) as Charlie Chaplin: scene from Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 84 3.4 Hitler (Johannes Buzalski) as painter: scene from Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 85 3.5 Hitler (Heinz Schubert) as standard bearer: scene from Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 85 3.6 Harry Baer (as himself) in conversation with a Hitler puppet: scene from Syberberg’s Hitler – A Film from Germany (1977) 91 4.1 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) chooses his future secretary: scene from Downfall (2004) 101 4.2 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) accepts defeat in Downfall (2004) 105 4.3 Close-up of Traudl Junge (Alexandra Maria Lara) in Downfall (2004) 106 4.4 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) embraces Eva Braun (Juliane Köhler): scene from Downfall (2004) 107 4.5 Joseph Goebbels (Ulrich Matthes) reacts to the news of Germany’s imminent defeat: scene from Downfall (2004) 107 4.6 Close-up of Hitler’s trembling hands: scene from Downfall (2004) 111 4.7 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) lashes out against his generals: scene from Downfall (2004) 123 5.1 Hitler (Helge Schneider) takes a bath in Dani Levy’s Mein Führer (2007) 136 5.2 Hitler (Helge Schneider) sleeps beside his speech coach Adolf Grünbaum (Ulrich Mühe): scene from Mein Führer (2007) 141 5.3 Hitler (Helge Schneider) on the rostrum in the final sequence of Mein Führer (2007) 145 5.4 Grünbaum (Ulrich Mühe) delivers Hitler’s speech at gun point: scene from Mein Führer (2007) 145 6.1 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) bids farewell to his secretary in Downfall (2004) 154 6.2 Hitler (Bruno Ganz) orders Speer to destroy Germany’s infrastructure: scene from Downfall (2004) 157 6.3 Hitler (Helge Schneider) loses half of his moustache in Dani Levy’s Mein Führer (2007) 159 6.4 Hitler (Helge Schneider) in bed with Eva Braun (Katja Riemann): scene from Mein Führer (2007) 160 List of Illustrations ix 6.5 Hitler (David Bamber) strokes the head of his German shepherd: scene from Bryan Singer’s Valkyrie (2008) 162 6.6 Hitler (David Bamber) beside his would-be assassin Stauffenberg (Tom Cruise): scene from Bryan Singer’s Valkyrie (2008) 163 7.1 Bruno Ganz as Hitler on the original German poster
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