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By John R. Williams Open-File Report 82-225 This Report Is Preliminary

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By John R. Williams Open-File Report 82-225 This Report Is Preliminary UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DESIGN REVIEW, TRANS-ALASKA OIL PIPELINE, 1974-1976 By John R. Williams Open-File Report 82-225 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the USGS. Preface This report summarizes activities as the Staff Geologist from July 17, 1974 to September 29, 1976 on the Technical Staff of Alaska Pipeline Office, U.S. Department of the Interior, during the construction phase of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline project. The report is designed for in-house distribution to those familiar with the project and with the geography and geology along the pipeline corridor. Principal emphasis is placed on geologic aspects of the design review work by Technical Staff, with little emphasis on the field surveillance phase of the work. The body of the report summarizes the sequence of the work load, the principal design problems, effectiveness of the Federal Stipulations, possible improvements in design review and monitoring, and Survey involve­ ment in future projects of this type. Appendix A is an item-by-item com­ mentary on the Stipulations. Appendix B is a summary of some of the geo- technical problems handled by the Staff which have special bearing on work of the Geologic Division of the Survey. Appendix C is a list of action items as of February 23, 1976 to illustrate the type of problems which Alaska Pipeline Office and Alyeska have had difficulty in resolving. Some of these, naturally, have been resolved since preparation of the list. No comments are made on the work of Water Resources Division in support of the pipeline project because most of this work was handled by the Staff Hydrologist of Alaska Pipeline Office. This report, written in November 1976, is based on information avail­ able through September 29, 1976. It describes a number of problems that were resolved prior to commissioning of the pipeline in June 1977. Contents Page Preface i Introduction 1 Technical and Environmental Stipulations 9 Organizational changes to improve effectiveness of design review 12 Assistance from the third-party contractor 16 Recommendations for monitoring 19 Role of the U.S. Geological Survey in future pipeline projects 24 Appendices A Comments on individual Stipulations A-l B Problems related to work of the Survey B-i C List of unresolved action items C-l Tables 1 Alaska Pipeline Office Organization chart 2a 2 Mechanics Research Inc. personnel chart 2b 3 Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Advisory Team organization chart 2c Figures 1 Map of eastern Alaska showing location of pipeline, Valdez terminal, pump stations, and camps 28a 11 Design Review, Trans-Alaska Oil Piepline, 1974-1976 By John R. Williams Introduction The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is being built by eight oil companies acting through a common agent, Alyeska Pipeline Service Company (Alyeska), to transport oil from Prudhoe Bay to the ice-free port of Valdez (fig. 1). Because nearly all of the route lies across Federal and State- selected lands, an Agreement and Grant of Right-of-Way was entered into by the oil companies and the Department of the Interior, acting for the Federal Government, and between the oil companies and the State of Alaska. These agreements and the appended Stipulations enumerate the conditions for entry, construction, and operation of the pipeline and for meeting environmental requirements. Designs for the pipeline have evolved over a period of seven years from a crude map showing the approximate route of a buried line to a sophisticated design that accounts for permafrost and terrain problems and allows for environmental considerations. This evolu­ tion was accomplished with considerable effort on the part of the Govern­ ment in its reviews of Alyeska's plans and on the part of Alyeska and its consultants in attempting to overcome objections. Much of the Government review of the early project design was done by the Geological Survey. By the time the Agreement and Grant of Right-of-Way was being finalized in late 1973, Alyeska 1 s design consisted of Preliminary Design drawings, Criteria and Design Bases, some Specifications, and some of the environ­ mental documents. 1 Signing of the permit, as the Agreement and Grant of Right-of-Way between the Department of the Interior and Alyeska's owner companies is usually called, took place on January 23, 1974. At the same time, the Alaska Pipeline Office (APO), headed by Authorized Officer Andrew P. Rollins, Jr., was created from the former Division of Pipeline of the Bureau of Land Management. APO reports directly to the Under Secretary of Interior, is administratively under the Bureau of Land Management, and is financed by Alyeska on a cost-reimbursible basis. A third-party contrac­ tor, Mechanics Research, Inc. (MRI) of Los Angeles was engaged to assist APO in its dual responsibility for design review and construction sur­ veillance. MRI employed Ecology and Environment, Inc. (EEI) to provide assistance in monitoring environmental aspects, and Gulf Interstate Engineering, Inc. (GIE) to provide assistance with pipeline engineering. Other firms, such as Harding-Lawson and Foundation Engineering Co. of Canada (FENCO) have served as consultants to MRI as needed. A comparable organization to APO, but without the third-party contractor, was estab­ lished by the State of Alaska as the Office of the State Pipeline Coordi­ nator (SPCO) under the Governor. This office was responsible for design review and construction monitoring on State lands. The Joint State/ Federal Fish and Wildlife Advisory Team (JFWAT) was assembled to provide advice to both the State and Federal pipeline offices. Organization charts of APO, MRI, and JFWAT are given in tables 1-3. Within Alaska Pipeline Office, design review is accomplished by the Technical Staff, and field surveillance is handled by field engineers called Authorized Officer's Field Representatives (AOFR) working under the Construction Coordinator. Both groups report to the Authorized 2 TABLE 1 ALASKA PIPELINE OFFICE ORGANIZATION CHART . DEIWRTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AUTHORIZED OFFICER SECRETARY HOLLtNf XFFNJE MATERIAL COORDINATOR _ _ KLVIM tILASKA PIPELINE OFFICE AUTHORIZED 0 FFICER'S REPRESENT PUBLIC INFO * nV£ SECRETARY OFFICER ( HiNKATH AamocK TUKMd 1 i 1 1 1 "TECHNICAL STAFF . EXECUTIVE _AWOS 8 MINERAL ACMINISTRATlVt 1 , T A T c | rrn JFWAT COORO. COORDINATOR SECRETARY ASSISTANT SPECIALIST CONTRACTINa L -.-,.._ . ___ ..._ OFFICER OBL *'"> MHUMNtY 1 COORD | - " IVI " t.ACIA to pj 1 ! "'""" ASS.STANT e f r> a f T» Q y 1 1(1(1 f rtain n i "I'H.T'B "1 REALTY ASSISTANT PROCUREMENT 1 ' VACANT LIBRARIAN ADMINISTRATIVE CARIO-IUUS'TR IPECIAUST ,Jt<-1,lt ASSISTANT 1 (CHTOL *«.IOH MOlUPtr , PEHSOMNEIj *oc.«(U STAFF ENGINEER CLERK-TYPIST pT^7 nrj »»«» CAHTO-ILLUS»TR PERSONNEL SOILS ENGINEER OUT. REC PLANNER JOHCI REALTY TE01NDAA, CLERK-TYPIST (ilia noo( nt VACANT " « * «» N. M. F 3. SOIL SCIENTIST GEOLOGIST MCMNT ASS'NT MOUNT ASSTU CLERK-TYPIST I PERSONNEL HOVI»«O WILL! AW| MAILS FILES MAO- CARD .-, MtKiunt, ,. r*«iMioai At^tfc^AftAfll HVOROLOOIST I CLERK-TYPIST CLERK - TYPUT M CONSTRUCT \f\tt COOHOINA1 AS SISTANT SECRETARY i «tm C^^Try-'' r 1 1 WJiCCNT ENOR riELO ENGR. AREA ENGINEER AREA ENGl MEER AREA ENCVNEER AREA ENGINEER AREA ENGINEER AREA ENOlNEEA VA4.DEZ PUMP STATIONS AREA) AREA Z AREA) AREA 4 AREA 9 AREA (CHO.A tQVt* CAHION IK ( uo n ( OdINOK NITTL(N ICH«otO(« OIUH 1 ALTERNATE ALTERNATE ALTERS A TE ALTERNATE ALTERNATE ALTEANATC ALTERNATE VA C AN A NII »i*y* 1 T $A«ro«A M«COf ^ww . -, 4-i«irwi jt. T-..^« i , ,i , .. ijjiinjiy j p ^ w .f. ^I^J T ,p^nw!wm,ii«M i .yi.f^.MJP TABLE 2 PERSONNEL CHART 6lC PIPELINE SUPPORT MRI FIELD SURV. CEI ENVIRON SUPPORT JBSttl OUT IE VICE-PRESIDENT FIELD MANAGER CCI PROJECT MANAGER -. '.1 I-I.V. U" !H ItfCITT SECRETARY SECRETARY PIPELINE SUPPORT STAFF AE-AREA 1 AE-AREA C ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT STAFF urni^s ITX^B OUT.NT3X AEJHXUl ASST. PROJECT MANAGER JU3il IM FIELD OPERATIONS U1.IN SENIOR PROJECTENOM. TECK. WRITER AC-AREA 3 AE-AREA 4 PROJECT ENGINEER? ENVIRONMENTALISTS EASiX -JUY Ainf p-.iiujra KING SI 1 Til AE-AREA 9 AE-AREA « RldUfCSQH ucuim [IU.TOCI CLDOS IR.U.TV aVSSETT HUX CUASCH parr ALTERNATE AC ALTERNATE AC H4JJI OLU/nqi MID PLAYER CIISIELSKI t TERMINAL f DITZU. naxsH OSWU SUPPORT OSWU SUPPORT DESIGN REVIEW BYARS COU'KT. LIASON ENOR. IOQ1NE SEMOA PROJECT ENOM. SJ3.VIN PlELO FILE CLERK! KV.IKI.VX MATEHIAL3 MOW. nrarroL PttOJECT ENWNEU CARTOGRAPHER 4*11 PUBLIC INFO. ODardtMtkai GRAIWM CLERK/TYPIST - TABLE 3 JOINT STATE/FEDERAL FISH AND WILDLIFE ADVISORY TEAM ORGANIZATION CHART STATE PIPELINE COORDINATOR AUTHORIZED OFFICER Champion Roll ins STATE SUPERVISOR FEDERAL COORDINATOR Carson HB Hemming GB Anchorage Anchorage ASSISTANT SUPERVISOR CLERICAL/ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT COORDINATO Yanagav/a HB Renshaw-S-Fai rbanks Hosking FB Anchorage Brandon-S-Ancnorage Anchorage Cope!and-F-Anchorage FIELD SURVEILLANCE Valdez-Perkins (F) FB * (F) DESIGN REVIEW STAFF Seg. 1 Campbell (F) FB Roberson (S) FB Anchorage Seg. 2 Swenson (F) GB Hughes (F) FB Stephenson (S) HB Seg. 3 Kay (S) HB Townsend (S) HB Rockwell (F) FB Seg. 4 Pamplin (F) GB Hallock (F) FB Metsker (F) FB Seg. 5 Buckley (S) HB Burger (F) FB Kavanagh (S) HB Seg. 6 Milke (S) HB *fri^>;(F) FB Morehouse (F) GB TECHNICAL EVALUATION (S) - State (F) - Federal Cameron (S) Caribou *__Positions remaining to be Hallberg (S) Sport Fish filled. Francisco (S) Comm. Fish FB - Fishery Biologist Roberson/Zorich (S) Comm. Fish GB - Game Biologist VanBallenberghe (S) Moose-Bison HB - Habitat Biologist Fisher (F) Hydraulics Wendling (F) Porosity FB Morris (F) Half Time 2c Officer's Representative (table 1).
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