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Basic GNU/Linux Operating System, February 2010 Basic GNU/Linux PID_00148393 GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux © 2009, FUOC. Se garantiza permiso para copiar, distribuir y modificar este documento según los términos de la GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 o cualquiera posterior publicada por la Free Software Foundation, sin secciones invariantes ni textos de cubierta delantera o trasera. Se dispone de una copia de la licencia en el apartado "GNU Free Documentation License" de este documento. GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux Index 1. Introduction........................................................................................ 7 1.1. What is GNU? ............................................................................. 7 1.2. What is GNU/Linux? .................................................................. 9 1.3. Distributions ................................................................................ 11 1.4. Programs and documentation .................................................... 13 2. Basic concepts and commands ...................................................... 17 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................ 17 2.2. Users and groups ......................................................................... 17 2.3. The file system ............................................................................ 22 2.3.1. The file system hierarchy .............................................. 22 2.3.2. System directories .......................................................... 24 2.3.3. Moving about ................................................................ 25 2.3.4. Links ............................................................................... 26 2.3.5. Permissions .................................................................... 27 2.3.6. Handling, patterns and searches ................................... 29 2.3.7. File type and content .................................................... 30 2.4. The processes ............................................................................... 31 2.5. Other useful commands ............................................................. 34 2.5.1. System help .................................................................... 34 2.5.2. Packaging and compression .......................................... 35 2.5.3. Disk operations .............................................................. 36 2.6. Operations with commands ....................................................... 39 2.6.1. Reroutings ...................................................................... 39 2.6.2. Specific bash commands ............................................... 40 2.6.3. Shell scripts with bash ................................................... 42 3. Knoppix workshop............................................................................ 44 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................ 44 3.2. System boot ................................................................................. 45 3.3. Stop system ................................................................................. 48 3.4. Keyboard configuration .............................................................. 48 3.5. System inspection ....................................................................... 52 3.6. Handling files and directories ..................................................... 57 3.7. User administration .................................................................... 62 3.8. Manage processes ........................................................................ 65 3.9. Enabling and using the mouse ................................................... 67 3.10. Other operations ......................................................................... 68 3.11. Conclusion .................................................................................. 69 4. GNU/Linux installation.................................................................... 70 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................ 70 GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux 4.2. Booting ........................................................................................ 70 4.3. Partitioning the disk ................................................................... 71 4.4. Installation of modules ............................................................... 73 4.5. Basic network configuration ....................................................... 74 4.6. Boot system ................................................................................. 75 4.7. Package selection ......................................................................... 75 4.8. Other aspects ............................................................................... 76 5. Debian Etch installation workshop.............................................. 77 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................ 77 5.1.1. Installation systems ....................................................... 79 5.1.2. Types of packages .......................................................... 81 5.1.3. Package development status .......................................... 81 5.2. Installation of Debian Etch ........................................................ 82 5.2.1. Debian Etch flavours ..................................................... 82 5.2.2. Installing Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 For Intel x86 ............ 83 5.3. Installation of Debian Etch from DVD-ROM ............................. 83 5.3.1. Before starting the installation ...................................... 83 5.3.2. Booting the installation system .................................... 84 5.3.3. Installation language configuration .............................. 88 5.3.4. Keyboard configuration ................................................. 89 5.3.5. Detecting and mounting the CD-ROM ......................... 90 5.3.6. Network configuration .................................................. 91 5.3.7. Hard disk partition ........................................................ 93 5.3.8. Time configuration ........................................................ 98 5.3.9. Configuring users and passwords .................................. 99 5.3.10. Base system installation ................................................ 103 5.3.11. Configuring the package manager ................................ 104 5.3.12. Selecting and installing programs ................................. 105 5.3.13. GRUB installation .......................................................... 105 5.3.14. Reinitiating the system .................................................. 105 5.3.15. Base system boot ........................................................... 105 5.3.16. apt configuration ........................................................... 106 5.3.17. Tasksel ............................................................................ 108 5.4. Network installation of Debian Etch .......................................... 111 5.4.1. Particularities of a network installation ........................ 111 5.4.2. Aspects common to the different methods of installation ..................................................................... 111 5.4.3. Network module installation ........................................ 112 5.4.4. Network configuration .................................................. 113 5.4.5. apt configuration ........................................................... 113 5.5. Conclusion .................................................................................. 114 6. Basic configurations......................................................................... 115 6.1. The login system ......................................................................... 115 6.2. Exploring the bash ...................................................................... 116 6.3. The boot system .......................................................................... 118 GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux 6.3.1. Grub ............................................................................... 119 6.4. Access to other partitions and devices ....................................... 121 6.5. Device configuration ................................................................... 124 6.5.1. The keyboard ................................................................. 124 6.5.2. Network card (Ethernet type) ........................................ 126 6.5.3. WiFi card ........................................................................ 128 6.5.4. Modems .......................................................................... 129 6.5.5. ADSL and PPPoE ............................................................ 130 6.5.6. Soundcard ...................................................................... 131 6.5.7. Printer ............................................................................ 131 7. Daemons and runlevels.................................................................... 133 7.1. The daemons ............................................................................... 133 7.2. The runlevels ............................................................................... 136 7.3. Booting up the system ................................................................ 138 7.4. Basic daemons ............................................................................. 138
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