Ingredients Containing Processed Free Glutamic Acid (MSG)
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Review Article Umami the Fifth Basic Taste: History of Studies on Receptor Mechanisms and Role As a Food Flavor
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 189402, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/189402 Review Article Umami the Fifth Basic Taste: History of Studies on Receptor Mechanisms and Role as a Food Flavor Kenzo Kurihara Aomori University, Aomori 030-0943, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Kenzo Kurihara; [email protected] Received 23 March 2015; Accepted 16 June 2015 Academic Editor: Francesco Perticone Copyright © 2015 Kenzo Kurihara. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Three umami substances (glutamate, 5 -inosinate, and 5 -guanylate) were found by Japanese scientists, but umami has not been recognized in Europe and America for a long time. In the late 1900s, umami was internationally recognized as the fifth basic taste based on psychophysical, electrophysiological, and biochemical studies. Three umami receptors (T1R1 + T1R3, mGluR4, and mGluR1) were identified. There is a synergism between glutamate and the5 -nucleotides. Among the above receptors, only T1R1 + T1R3 receptor exhibits the synergism. In rats, the response to a mixture of glutamate and 5 -inosinate is about 1.7 times larger than that to glutamate alone. In human, the response to the mixture is about 8 times larger than that to glutamate alone. Since glutamate and 5 -inosinate are contained in various foods, we taste umami induced by the synergism in daily eating. Hence umami taste induced by the synergism is a main umami taste in human. 1. Introduction and 5 -nucleotides was seen in rodents, but magnitude of the synergism was extremely lower than that in human. -
Elemental and Semi-Elemental Formulas: Are They Superior to Polymeric Formulas?
NUTRITION ISSUES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY, SERIES #34 Carol Rees Parrish, R.D., M.S., Series Editor Elemental and Semi-Elemental Formulas: Are They Superior to Polymeric Formulas? Diklar Makola Nutritional support, utilizing enteral nutrition formulas, is an integral part of the pri- mary and/or adjunctive management of gastrointestinal and other disorders with nutritional consequences. Four major types of enteral nutrition formulas exist includ- ing: elemental and semi-elemental, standard or polymeric, disease-specific and immune-enhancing. Although they are much more expensive, elemental and semi- elemental formulas are purported to be superior to polymeric or standard formulas in certain patient populations. The aim of this article is to evaluate whether this claim is supported by the literature and to ultimately show that except for a very few indica- tions, polymeric formulas are just as effective as elemental formulas in the majority of patients with gastrointestinal disorders. INTRODUCTION ease, facilitate “pancreatic rest” in pancreatitis and pre- he provision of nutritional support is an essential vent nutritional depletion that accompanies many GI part of the primary and adjunctive management of tract diseases. The factors leading to nutritional deple- T tion include: 1) impaired absorption of nutrients; many gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, head and 2) inadequate intake due to anorexia; 3) dietary restric- neck cancer, cerebrovascular accidents, etc. Nutritional tions; 4) increased intestinal losses; and 5) an increase in support can be used to induce remission in Crohn’s dis- nutritional demand that accompanies many catabolic states. Nutritional support can be provided by using Diklar Makola, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Gastroenterology either total parenteral nutrition (PN) or total enteral Fellow, University of Virginia Health System, Digestive nutrition (EN), however EN when compared to PN has Health Center of Excellence, Charlottesville, VA. -
A Hypoallergenic Infant Formula Comprising Extensively Hydrolyzed
Central Journal of Human Nutrition & Food Science Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Article *Corresponding author Esther Matencio, Department of Research and Development, Hero Spain S.A., Avda. Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain, Tel: 34-968-898- A Hypoallergenic Infant Formula 900; Fax: 34-968-800-727; Email: Submitted: 27 June 2016 Comprising Extensively Hydrolyzed Accepted: 20 July 2016 Published: 22 July 2016 Protein for the Nutritional ISSN: 2333-6706 Copyright Treatment of Infants with Cow’s © 2016 Matencio et al. OPEN ACCESS Milk Allergy: Safety, Tolerance and Keywords • Cow’s milk protein allergy • Extensively hydrolyzed infant formula • Immunity Efficacy • Infant formula Esther Matencio1*, José Maldonado2,7, Josune Olza3-5, M Dolores Mesa3,5,7, • Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Fernando Romero1, Gaspar Ros6, Pedro Abellán1 and Ángel Gil3-5 1Research and Development Department, Hero Spain S.A., Avda. Murcia 1, 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain 2Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain 3Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain 4CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain 5Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain 6Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain 7Retics funded by the PN I+D+I 2008-2011 (SPAIN), ISCIII- Sub-directoratee General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Ref. RD 12/0026 Abstract Background: There is strong evidence about the role of extensively hydrolyzed formula (eHF) in the treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0231140 A1 Hofmann Et Al
US 201202311 40A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0231140 A1 Hofmann et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 13, 2012 (54) ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. A2.3L. I./226 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Thomas Frank Hofmann, CD7C 69/45 (2006.01) Neufahrn (DE); Andreas A2.3L 2/56 (2006.01) Degenhardt, Erfstadt (DE) (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 426/534; 560/262 (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: GIVAUDANSA, Vernier (CH) Provided are umami taste and savoury flavour enhancing compounds of formula (I) (21) Appl. No.: 13/389,020 (I) (22) PCT Filed: Aug. 20, 2010 (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2010/06216O OH RI S371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: May 24, 2012 wherein R' is selected from 0 and OH, the dotted line repre senting a bond present when R' is 0, R’ is a hydrocarbon residue having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, (30) Foreign Application Priority Data comprising from 0-4 unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. The compounds can be added to food products, beverages and Aug. 20, 2009 (GB) ................................... O914574.9 other consumable products. US 2012/02311 40 A1 Sep. 13, 2012 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS flavour of a composition, comprising at least one umami tastant, by adding to the aforementioned composition at least one compound of formula (I) 0001. This invention relates to compounds that are useful in the enhancement of umami taste and savoury flavour, and (I) to their use in compositions and consumable products that O contain umami tastants. 0002 Umami is one of the basic tastes and has been us R2 described as a savoury or meaty flavour. -
Properties of Peanut (KAC431) Protein Hydrolysates and Their Impact on the Quality of Gluten-Free Rice Bread
foods Article Properties of Peanut (KAC431) Protein Hydrolysates and Their Impact on the Quality of Gluten-Free Rice Bread Suphat Phongthai 1,2,*, Nuttapon Singsaeng 1, Rossarin Nhoo-ied 1, Thipubol Suwannatrai 1, Regine Schönlechner 3, Kridsada Unban 1, Warinporn Klunklin 1 , Thunnop Laokuldilok 1,2, Yuthana Phimolsiripol 1,2 and Saroat Rawdkuen 4 1 School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (R.N.-i.); [email protected] (T.S.); [email protected] (K.U.); [email protected] (W.K.); [email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (Y.P.) 2 Cluster of High Value Product from Thai Rice for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand 3 Institute of Food Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 4 Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: 16 July 2020 Abstract: Protein hydrolysates (PH) with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 5%, 10%, and 13% from two varieties of peanut were prepared using two commercial enzymes, Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The content of essential amino acids (30,290 mg/100 g) and hydrophobic amino acids (34,067 mg/100 g) of the peanut variety Kalasin 2 (KAC431) protein was higher than that of a common variety, Kalasin 1 (KAC1) (p < 0.05). -
Safety Assessment of Bovine Milk Proteins and Protein Derivatives As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Bovine Milk Proteins and Protein Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics Status: Tentative Report for Public Comment Release Date: April 28, 2017 Panel Meeting Date: September 11-12, 2017 All interested persons are provided 60 days from the above date to comment on this safety assessment and to identify additional published data that should be included or provide unpublished data which can be made public and included. Information may be submitted without identifying the source or the trade name of the cosmetic product containing the ingredient. All unpublished data submitted to CIR will be discussed in open meetings, will be available at the CIR office for review by any interested party and may be cited in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Please submit data, comments, or requests to the CIR Director, Dr. Lillian J. Gill. The 2017 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chairman, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, DPA. This safety assessment was prepared by Christina L. Burnett, Scientific Analyst/Writer and Bart Heldreth, Ph.D., Chemist CIR. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L St NW, Suite 1200◊ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ◊ ph 202.331.0651 ◊fax 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] ABTRACT The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (the Panel) reviewed the safety of 16 bovine milk proteins and protein-derived ingredients, which function mainly as skin and hair conditioning agents in personal care products. -
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS)
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) A to Z Index Follow FDA FDA Voice Blog Most Popular Searches Home Food Drugs Medical Devices Radiation-Emitting Products Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Tobacco Products Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) FDA Home Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) - The list below is an alphabetical inventory representing only five of 196 fields in FDA/CFSAN's PAFA database. Definitions of the labels that are found in the inventory are: Label Definition DOCTYPE An indicator of the status of the toxicology information available for the substance in PAFA (administrative and chemical information is available on all substances): A Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. S P E There is reported use of the substance, but it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature search. A F N There is reported use of the substance, and an initial toxicology literature search is in progress. E W NI Although listed as a added to food, there is no current reported use of the substance, and, therefore, L although toxicology information may be available in PAFA, it is not being updated. N There is no reported use of the substance and there is no toxicology information available in PAFA. U L B The substance was formerly approved as a food additive but is now banned; there may be some toxicology A data available. N DOCNUM PAFA database number of the Food Additive Safety Profile volume containing the printed source information concerning the substance. -
Umami and Kokomi? Umami Flavor (Translated to Pleasant Taste) Is the Flavor That Glutamic Acid Imparts, and Is Recognized As Its Own Taste
What Yeast Products are we talking about? • Nutritional Yeast- Much of this comes from recycled brewers yeast. After the yeast is inoculated, it can be fortified with additional vitamins, and then dried into either flake or powder form. • Inactive Yeast- After the inoculation of the yeast, the yeast is dried in its direct whole cell state. • Autolyzed Yeast- The yeast proteins are simplified, but the insoluble material is still present. • Yeast Extract- The insoluble cell well is separated from the extract, the soluble portion is then used. This ingredient can be labeled as: Autolyzed Yeast Extract Bakers Yeast Extract (That is right, bakers yeast) Isn't this MSG? All foods that contain protein contain a variety of amino • Organic Yeast Extract- Yes, these ingredients are acids, one of these being glutamic. High levels of Glutamic available in organic certified forms as well. Acid are found naturally in many foods such as mushrooms, tomatoes, parmesan cheese, human breast milk, and seaweed. Yeast extract in part utilizes the amino acid of glutamic acid to enhance flavor, along with many other essential and non-essential amino acids that carry nutritional benefits. What is MSG? Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is the isolated sodium salt of glutamic acid. The misconception has been in relating MSG to other ingredients which contain protein, and believing that yeast extract will impart similar concentration levels and isolated forms of this compound which is does not. Yeast Extract can be thought of as another food that contains naturally occurring glutamic acid. It does not contain the isolated form of MSG. According to the FDA code of federal regulations How is this really made? Title 21 MSG and Yeast Extract must be labeled separately because they are two different ingredients. -
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,013,250 Cannell Et Al
US00601.3250A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,013,250 Cannell et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 11, 2000 54) COMPOSITION FOR TREATING HAIR 5,286,406 2/1994 Scholz et al. ...................... 252/174.17 AGAINST CHEMICAL AND PHOTO DAMAGE FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0052943 6/1982 European Pat. Off. ......... A61K 7/11 75 Inventors: David Cannell, New York, N.Y.; Nghi 0057837 8/1982 European Pat. Off. ......... A61K 7/06 Nguyen, Middlesex, N.J. 0099780 2/1984 European Pat. Off. .......... CO8H 1AO6 73 Assignee: L'Oreal S.A., Paris, France OTHER PUBLICATIONS Zviak, Charles, The Science of Hair Care, pp. 116-125 21 Appl. No.: 08/857,530 (1987). Flick, Ernest W., Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations, vol. 22 Filed: May 16, 1997 2, 2" Ed., pp. 456-457 (1992). O O Database “Chemical Abstracts” (Host:Stn.) Abs. 124; 269 Related U.S. Application Data 956, Colmbus, OH, USA; JP 08 020518 A (Shiseido Co., 63 Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/496,138, Jun. 28, Ltd) Jan. 23, 1996 XP-002056951. 1995, Pat. No. 5,681,554. Database “Chemical Abstracts” (Host: Stn.) Abs. 124: 211 7 493, Colombus, OH, USA; JP 07330560 A (Shiseido Co., 51 Int. C. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A61 K 7/06 Ltd) Dec. 19, 1995 XP-OO2O56950. 52 U.S. Cl. .................. 424/70.51; 424/70.1; 424/70.14; 424/70.15; 424/70.24; 424/70.27; 424/7028 Primary Examiner Thurman K. Page 58 Field of Search .................................. 424/70. 1-70.51 Assistant Examiner Alysia Berman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Baker & Botts, LLP 56) References Cited 57 ABSTRACT U.S. -
Glutamate and Excitotoxin Food List
Glutamate and Excitotoxin Food List Much of this information comes from the work of Russell Blaylock, M.D. author of "Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills." Excitotoxins are substances that when consumed in large amounts such as aspartame found in diet soda can trigger inflammatory and hyper-stimulated activity in the brain. The important thing to remember about all of this is you are not going to be able to avoid glutamate foods all together. The list is quite extensive, and various forms of glutamate-like substances are found in a wide variety of things we eat - many of them healthy. There is also going to be natural glutamate in a healthy diet because glutamate at a certain level is important for normal brain function. However, it is the artificial forms such as aspartame, MSG and others that are problematic. Here is the list: monosodium glutamate nutrasweet/aspartame malted barley flour glutamate hydrolyzed protein malt extract natural flavor(s) hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) malt flavoring(s) natural flavorings(s) hydrolyzed plant protein malted barley/barley malt maltodextrin hydrolyzed oat flour malted anything carrageenan hydrolyzed anything textured protein gelatin sodium caseinate guar gum spice(s) calcium caseinate soy extract AutismRecoverySystem.com seasoning(s) caseinate soy protein seasoned salt disodium guanylate soy protein concentrate dough conditioner(s) disodium inosinate soy protein isolate yeast extract disodium caseinate soy sauce autolyzed yeast chicken/beef/pork "flavoring" whey protein autolyzed yeast extract chicken/beef/pork "base" whey protein isolate autolyzed anything bouillon whey protein concentrate broth vegetable gum kombu extract stock plant protein extract l-cysteine soup base smoke flavoring(s) ajinomoto AutismRecoverySystem.com The material contained within this document is not intended to replace the services and/or medical advice of a licensed health care practitioner, nor is it meant to encourage diagnosis and treatment of disease. -
Standard for Infant Formula and Formulas for Special Medical Purposes Intended for Infants
STANDARD FOR INFANT FORMULA AND FORMULAS FOR SPECIAL MEDICAL PURPOSES INTENDED FOR INFANTS CODEX STAN 72 – 1981 Adopted as a worldwide Standard in 1981. Amendment: 1983, 1985, 1987, 2011 and 2015. Revision: 2007. Formerly CAC/RS 72-1972. CODEX STAN 72 – 1981 2 SECTION A: REVISED STANDARD FOR INFANT FORMULA PREAMBLE This standard is divided into two sections. Section A refers to Infant Formula, and Section B deals with Formulas for Special Medical Purposes Intended for Infants. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This section of the Standard applies to infant formula in liquid or powdered form intended for use, where necessary, as a substitute for human milk in meeting the normal nutritional requirements of infants. 1.2 This section of the Standard contains compositional, quality and safety requirements for Infant Formula. 1.3 Only products that comply with the criteria laid down in the provisions of this section of this Standard would be accepted for marketing as infant formula. No product other than infant formula may be marketed or otherwise represented as suitable for satisfying by itself the nutritional requirements of normal healthy infants during the first months of life. 1.4 The application of this section of the Standard should take into account the recommendations made in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (1981), the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding and World Health Assembly resolution WHA54.2 (2001). 2. DESCRIPTION 2.1 Product Definition 2.1.1 Infant formula means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy, by itself, the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life up to the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. -
Glutamate and Sodium Reduction
INTERNATIONAL GLUTAMATE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Please Reply To IGTC: Avenue Jules Bordet 142, B-1140 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +81-80-3258-1900 FAX: +81-3-5250-8403 E-mail: [email protected] International Glutamate Technical Committee (IGTC) Avenue Jules Bordet 142 B-1140 Brussels, Belgium Glutamate Contributes to the EUROPE - PARIS European Committee for Umami Reduction of Dietary Sodium Intake (ECU) 153, rue de Courcelles F-75817 PARIS CEDEX 17, France The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation on sodium JAPAN – TOKYO SOUTH KOREA-SEOUL Amino Acids Seasoning Alliance consumption for adults is 2 g sodium/day (equivalent to 5 g salt/day). However, of Northeast Asia (ASANA) most people consume much more with the current mean global sodium Hatchobori 3-11-8 Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0032, Japan consumption estimated to be at 3.95 g sodium/day (Mozaffarian et al. 2014). REPUBLIC OF CHINA - TAIPEI Taiwan Amino Acid Manufacturers Since high sodium intake is reported to be associated with various non- Association ROC (TAAMA) Yuan Hsing Bldg., 4th Floor. communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease No.6 Chang Chun Rd. Taipei, Taiwan, 104 and stroke, the reduction of sodium intake is a very important public health Republic of China concern around the world (WHO, 2003). SOUTH AMERICA - SAO PAULO Institute for Glutamate Sciences in South America (IGSSA) P.O. Box 5789 While sodium reduction in the diet is an important objective, when salt (NaCl) Sao Paulo SP, Brazil SOUTHEAST ASIA - BANGKOK levels are reduced in foods, its palatability is also generally decreased. Regional Committee for Glutamate Sciences (RCGS) Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer that contains about 12% 487/1 Si Ayutthaya Road Phaya Thai, Bangkok 10400 sodium, which is less than half of that contained in regular table salt at about Thailand 39%.