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The Enduring Cowboy PHOTO: ISTOCK/CG BALDAUF ISTOCK/CG PHOTO C AREERS WITH HORSEPOWER The Enduring Cowboy PHOTO: ISTOCK/CG BALDAUF ISTOCK/CG PHOTO: 74 Canada’s Equine Guide 2018 CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS The Enduring Cowboy By Margaret Evans If you watch a cowboy at work today, forget that it’s 2018, and skip back in time to catch a glimpse of a working cowboy in the 1870s, they would look surprisingly similar. They would be doing basically the same cattle management tasks, be dressed in similar clothing, have similar core skills, and be thriving with the same horsemanship abilities that have made cowboying an enduring career for centuries. The origin of North America’s cattle industry were not native to North America. But the absence of and the need for mounted cowboys can be these two species was to change with the arrival of credited directly to the Spanish explorers. explorer Christopher Columbus. Due mainly to rapid climate change, the “In 1493, on Columbus’ second voyage to horse, which evolved in North America the Americas, Spanish horses representing and spread over several million years to Equus caballus were brought back to North Asia and Europe, vanished from this continent at the end of the last Ice Age The Boss of the Plains was the first cowboy hat designed some 11,000 years ago. Cattle, however, specifically for cowboys by John B. Stetson. The cowboy and his reliable, hard-working horse are as much a staple of the cattle industry today as they were 150 years ago. PHOTO (ABOVE): ISTOCK/JOHNRANDALLALVES • PHOTO (BOSS OF THE PLAINS HAT): WIKIMEDIA/GOLDTRADER CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY www.HORSEJournals.com 75 Most cowboys dress in the traditional practical gear, as determined by the season and the weather. Hat, long-sleeve shirt, scarf, waterproof coat or slicker, chaps and boots — each item of clothing serves a practical purpose. PHOTO: ISTOCK/SIMONKR PHOTO: Cowboys branding cattle at America, first in the Virgin Islands and, in 1519, they were MacLeod, Alberta, 1900-1910. reintroduced on the continent in modern-day Mexico from where they radiated through the Great Plains after escape from their owners or by pilfering,” write Drs. Jay Kirkpatrick and Patricia Fazio, both with The Science and Conservation Center, ZooMontana. Along with the horses came cattle that were a mix of both Indian and European lineages. Managing the cattle goes back to the mid-1500s when the Spanish in Mexico established the very first ranches. Landowners put indigenous peoples on trained horses to manage the stock and taught them how to handle the wild cattle on open rangeland. Cattle continued to be imported into the North American colonies by colonizing European countries and they also entered the southern US from the Spanish possessions in the West Indies and Mexico, then were dispersed by intercolonial trade. By the early 1700s, cattle ranching had radiated north into what would be Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico as well as southward into Argentina. The earliest cattle in Canada were imported for the northern fur trading posts. While the original plan was to breed them and give trading posts an agricultural backyard, the efforts largely failed and the cattle were slaughtered and consumed. But as the west opened up in the early to mid-1800s with 76 Canada’s Equine Guide 2018 CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Quality Stall Mats at Wholesale Pricing 3/4” Premium Quality, Non-Porous Revulcanized Rubber Stall Mats will not crack or curl. Provide maximum comfort for your horse while reducing bedding costs and injuries. Straight or Interlocking mats. Available Canada-wide on HorseMatsCanada.com SilverTec Mats™ Next Generation 1” Microcellular therapeutic stall mats with 5mm colloidal silver to reduce bacteria and staining. 3 interlocking sides • Ultra-light weight WE ALSO OFFER: Rubber Arena Footing • Arena Groomers • Arena Dust Control www.HorseMatsCanada.com 1-800-720-6287 Serving all of Canada from 5 strategic warehouse locations: CalgaryCONNECT • TOWinnipeg THE HORSE INDUSTRY • Toronto www.HORSEJournals.com • Ottawa • Moncton 77 Whether it’s snow, rain, wind, sleet or heat, a HORSEMAN’S CHOICE SHELTER SYSTEM offers protection with no maintenance, quick construction, and can expand and be customized for your needs. Tuff Stuff Products • Heavy Duty, Impact Resistant • Heat & Cold Resistant • Chemically Neutral • Holds Heavy Materials • U.V. Resistant • Low Cost • No Rust • High Quality • Smooth Edges • Paintable FOR INFORMATION, CALL FRASER VALLEY STEEL & WIRE 1-877-856-3391 • 604-856-3391 or CONTACT A DEALER NEAR YOU: • 100 Mile Feed and Ranch Supply BALDAUF ISTOCK/CG PHOTO: Exeter Rd.,100 Mile House, BC • 250-395-2408 s • Beaver Valley Feeds (1990) Ltd. Larry Ramstad, manager at the Gang Ranch, checks the herd in early spring. Calving season starts 1050 S. Mackenzie Ave., Williams Lake, BC at the end of February and continues through March. 250-392-6282 • Otter Co-op Association 12343 Harris Rd., Pitt Meadows, BC • 604-465-5651 • Dare’s Country Feeds 25236 Fraser Hwy., Aldergrove, BC • 604-856-1611 • Integrity Sales & Dist. 2180 Keating X Rd., Saanichton, BC • 250-544-2072 • North Cariboo Growers Co-Op 1218 Cariboo Hwy 97N, Quesnel, BC 250-992-7274 • 1-888-992-2667 • Northern Acreage Supply 4870 Continental Way, Prince George, BC 250-596-2273 • Purity Feed Co. 471 Okanagan Way, Kamloops, BC 250-372-2233 • 1-877-372-0282 • Purity Feed Co. 1690 Voght St., Merritt, BC • 250-378-4420 • The Horse Barn 517 Mt. Paul Way, Kamloops, BC • 250-374-3511 • Thunderbird Livestock Eqpmt. 1077 Allard Cres., Ft. Langley, BC • 604-830-9812 • Westway Feed & Seed 10600 Ladner Trunk Rd., Delta, BC • 604-590-9355 • Whitehouse Stables 9774 West Saanich Rd., Saanich, BC • 250-656-8701 PHOTO COURTESY OF GANG RANCH PHOTO 78 Canada’s Equine Guide 2018 CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS explorers, gold miners and pioneer settlers, the need for meat on the hoof became a rapidly expanding industry. In the early 1800s, the Hudson’s Bay Company dominated the Pacific Northwest, monopolizing all trading operations from its headquarters at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River in what is now Oregon. But its fur trading posts were far flung with forts in Kamloops, Alexandria (near Quesnel), Langley, and Victoria. Workers needed to grow their own food and raise their own livestock. Since Hudson’s Bay owned cattle in Oregon, Chief Factor John McLoughlin orchestrated the first cattle drive into the future British Columbia. According to Alastair McLean’s article in Rangelands (4)3 (June 1982), in 1846 McLoughlin’s cowboy crew herded a supply of cattle and horses to forts Kamloops and Alexandria. In March 1858, the first major gold strike in the Fraser River valley was made at Hill’s Bar. The news exploded as gold was discovered in the Thompson River watershed. Some 33,000 prospectors and miners beat a path to the goldfields. General Joel Palmer, who had been the Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Oregon, organized a cattle drive from Oregon through Osoyoos to the Thompson valley. In 1859, he drove cattle to Fort Alexandria. Over the next decade some 22,000 cattle were moved from Oregon to the Barkerville area and the mining community. Cattle were on the move along some of the legendary routes including the old Brigade Trail leading to the BC Interior and they were being driven by drovers, or cowboys. They were mostly Americans who influenced stock raising, handling techniques, and the ranching concept. One of the most famous cowboys of the time was Benjamin (Ben) Elam Snipes who, in 1859, drove cattle north from the Columbia River through Washington to the gold mining camps along the Fraser River in British Columbia. He knew there was a greater fortune to be made supplying hungry miners with food than pick-axing for gold. By 1864, he owned an estimated 125,000 head of cattle and 20,000 horses. In 1958, Snipes was posthumously inducted in the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, Hall of Great Westerners. In the same year, cowboy and (later) politician Andrew Jackson (Jack) Splawn was also inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners. Splawn was one of the first drovers to guide cattle into Cariboo country when he was just 17 years of age. Cattle were moving into Alberta and, ac- cording to the University of Manitoba Ar- chives and Special Collections, the first small herd was brought in by John and CONNECT TO THE HORSE INDUSTRY www.HORSEJournals.com 79 PHOTO COURTESY OF PARKS CANADA COURTESY OF PARKS PHOTO Cowboys at the Bar U Ranch National Historic Site help to connect Canadians pen, so that horses developed cow sense. “A segment of hands in the US and to the story of ranching. Bar U cowboys In the process, experience, the demands Canada do embrace tradition and keep are shown competing in the annual of an agricultural lifestyle, and a alive the stockmanship, horsemanship, Old Time Ranch Rodeo. challenging environment came to define and skills that were brought to North the personality and unique qualities of American shores by the Spanish, and cowboys as much historically as with which found their way into Canada along George MacDougall from Montana to today’s contemporary ranch hand. now historic cattle trails as ranching Morleyville in 1871-1872. In 1874, the “It is a lifestyle choice,” says Michael began in the Canadian west in the 1870s,” North-West Mounted Police detachment McLean, product development officer, says McLean. Mark McMillan, president boosted ranching, providing security and special projects with the Bar U Ranch of the BC Cowboy Heritage Society, agrees a local market. Soon, great cattle ranches National Historic Site in Longview, with McLean on the adaptability of were dominating western Canada in- Alberta.
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