Protein-Ligand Binding Sites Identification, Characterization and Interrelations

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Protein-Ligand Binding Sites Identification, Characterization and Interrelations Protein-ligand binding sites Identification, characterization and interrelations Peter Schmidtke ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. ! " # $ % !& ' %'()"! * +,- *, * . , ! Der Zustand der gesamten menschlichen Moral l¨asst sich in zwei S¨atzen zusammenfassen: We ought to. But we don’t. Kurt Tucholsky Acknowledgements Aquesta ´es probablement la part m´es personal del document, all`a on puc dir el que em plagui, o gaireb´e. Han estat tres anys de treball, en un entorn incre¨ıble. He estat adoptat molt r`apidament per gent molt amable del meu entorn. Provenint d’un pa´ıs fam´os per veure cervesa, i havent passat molt de temps en un pa´ıs fam´os per veure vi, ara he tingut la oportunitat de descobrir un pa´ıs fam´os per veure cava, Catalunya, Espanya. Malgrat que no parlava ni mica de catal`a o castell`a, us les vareu arreglar per fer-me sentir immediatament c`omode, intencionalment o no. Tot i que encara nom´es puc parlar castell`a com un franc`es que s’ha empassat un grapat de frank- furts, estic content de poder entendre la major part dels vostres idiomes, i aix`o ´es gr`acies a vosaltres. En los par´agrafos siguientes me gustar´ıa agradecer a la COPPO (Comisi´on Or- ganizadora de Pica-Pica Oficiales). Gracias Flavio por tus iniciativas repetidas y buen humor. Gracias a la madre del grupo, Assumpta por ser tan abierta y por su hospitalidad. Muchas gracias a Ramon por discusiones sobre temas inhabituales, Ana por discusiones interesantes, Carles y Jordi por su buen hu- mor y bueno...el futbol. Gracias al chico que me llam´o Tutututu, Patricio, y a Oscar por su hospitalidad. Gracias a la chica de Xavi...Juana...eh...Montse, y a mi novio tambi´en. Por fin una experimentalista en el labo. Thanks to Mousumi, for countless nice Indian dishes, chats and working hours. Gracias al Ronald Mc Jes´us por interminables discusiones sobre puntos de acuerdo (pero no muy claro). Gracias al Sergi por sus ´animos para acabar este trabajo. Me gustar´ıa dar las gracias al Dani por su curiosidad y su mentalidad abierta. Ha sido un placer trabajar con todos vosotros! Fue una experienciaunica ´ que nunca olvidar´e. Muchas gracias a Marta, Pep, Natalia y Marc por distraer-me de mi trabajo con interminables partidos de openarena ;) Je voudrais profiter de ce petit paragraphe entre tant d’autres pour remercier ma deuxi`eme famille, ma famille fran¸caise `a savoir Sylvette, Maurice et ma Bloupette. C’est gracea ` votre aide constante et importante que j’ai pu avoir un aper¸cu d’une toute autre culture, d’un nouveau pays et d’une nouvelle langue. Merci de m’avoir fait confiance dans mes choix acad´emiques et professionels. Mille fois merci aussiaAur´ ` elie, Cham, Julien, Manu et Marine pour m’´ecouter de mani`ere int´eress´ee quand je vous ennuie avec des choses scientifiques et surtout merci d’avoir gard´emach´erie avec soins durant mes trois ann´ees de th`ese! Un grand merci `a Guilhem avec lequel c’est toujours divertissant de philoso- pher sur les al´eas de la science. Un merci particulier est adress´e`a Vincent pour sa franchise et le bon travail qu’on a pu faire ensemble durant les 4 derni`eres ann´ees. Concernant les ann´ees `a venir....voyons ;) Einen speziellen Dank an meine Familie, ohne die ich heute nicht an dieser Stelle w¨are. Mutti, Papi, Martin, Alex und beide Omis und Opas, danke f¨ur meine sch¨one Kindheit, meine Erziehung und den Freiraum den ihr mir gelassen habt um meinen Zielen nachzugehen. Vielen Dank f¨ur 28 Jahre Unterst¨utzung! Lieben Dank an Frau Wobst, daf¨ur, dass Sie mein Interesse an Themen wie Molekularbiologie und Chemie geweckt haben. Vielen lieben Dank auch an Professor R¨ubsamen f¨ur seine Unterst¨utzung w¨ahrend meiner akademischen Laufbahn. Un grand merci est adress´e`al’´equipe du Master de bio-informatique de l’universit´e Paris Diderot. En particulier je voudrais remercier Patrick Fuchs, Delphine Flatters, Catherine Etchebest et Alexandre de Brevern pour m’avoir donn´e la possibilit´ed’´evoluer dans leur excellente formation. Merci mille fois pour l’introduction `alamod´elisation mol´eculaire! Me gustar´ıa dar las gracias a V´ıctor Guallar y Jordi Mestres por el tiempo yinter´es invertido y por las cr´ıticas constructivas durante la evaluaci´on de este trabajo. Un agradecimiento muy especial a Javi. Siempre est´as disponible, con opiniones claras y constructivas. Si tan s´olo el mundo cient´ıfico tuviese m´as Javis, muchos aspectos estar´ıan mejor ;) Elultimo ´ a quien tengo que agradecer es a Xavi, el jefe...aunque no es un jefe normal. Te debo much´ısimo y espero que este trabajo te haya dado algo de raz´on por darme confianza al principio y durante la tesis. Trabajar contigo es muy estimulante, porque eres un cient´ıfico optimista, abierto a ideas nuevas. He disfrutado mucho estosultimostresa˜ ´ nos! Gracias a todos! Diese Doktorarbeit ist jedem gewidment, der sie lesen m¨ochte. Contents 1 Introduction 3 Bibliography 6 2 Materials & Methods 9 2.1Proteins............................... 10 2.1.1 Aminoacid......................... 10 2.1.2 PrimaryStructure..................... 10 2.1.3 SecondaryStructure.................... 10 2.1.4 TertiaryStructure..................... 12 2.1.5 QuaternaryStructure................... 12 2.1.6 IntrinsicallyDisorderedProteins............. 13 2.1.7 Experimental methods for protein structure determination 13 2.1.8 Molecularsurface...................... 15 2.1.9 From structure to function ................ 17 2.2Molecularsimulations....................... 18 2.2.1 ClassicalMechanics&forcefields............. 18 2.2.2 Molecularmechanicsanddynamics............ 21 2.3Proteinpocketprediction..................... 23 2.3.1 Introduction........................ 23 2.3.2 Purpose........................... 24 2.3.3 PocketIdentificationStrategies.............. 25 2.3.4 Currentpitfalls....................... 29 2.3.5 Thefpocketproject.................... 31 2.4Transientpocketandchannelprediction............. 33 2.4.1 Smallmoleculebindingsites................ 33 2.4.2 Ligandmigrationchannels................. 33 2.5Pocketcharacterization...................... 36 2.5.1 Definition of druggability ................. 36 2.5.2 Controversy on the term ”Druggability” ......... 37 2.5.3 Definition of ”non-druggable” ............... 38 2.5.4 Prediction of druggability ................. 38 Bibliography............................... 44 1 2 CONTENTS 3 Results and Discussion 51 3.1 Prediction of protein druggability ................. 52 3.1.1 Introduction........................ 52 3.1.2 Objectives.......................... 54 3.1.3 Results........................... 55 Bibliography............................... 67 Paper 1: Understanding and Predicting Druggability. A High-Throughput MethodforDetectionofDrugBindingSites........... 69 3.2Structurekineticsrelations.................... 87 3.2.1 Introduction........................ 87 3.2.2 Objectives.......................... 89 3.2.3 Results........................... 89 Bibliography............................... 98 Paper 2: Shielded Hydrogen Bonds as Structural Determinants of BindingKinetics.ApplicationinDrugDesign.......... 99 3.3Pocketpredictiononproteinsinmotion............. 145 3.3.1 Introduction........................ 145 3.3.2 Objectives.......................... 146 3.3.3 Results........................... 147 Bibliography..............................
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