Return from the Precipice BANGLADESH’S FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM Return from the Precipice BANGLADESH’S FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM Anand Kumar INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI First Published in 2012 Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi ISBN 978-81-8274-697-8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without first obtaining written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, or the Government of India. Published by PENTAGON SECURITY INTERNATIONAL An Imprint of PENTAGON PRESS 206, Peacock Lane, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi-110049 Phones: 011-64706243, 26491568 Telefax: 011-26490600 email:
[email protected] website: www.pentagonpress.in In association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, No. 1, Development Enclave, New Delhi-110010. Phone: +91-11-26717983 Printed at Syndicate Binders, A-20, Hosiery Complex, Phase II, Noida-201305 Contents Acknowledgements ix 1. Introduction 1 Methodology 3 Organisation of the Book 3 2. Revival of Islam-Based Politics 5 Quest for Identity 6 Islam as Unifying Factor 7 Language as Unifying Force 7 Attempt to Redefine Bangladeshi National Identity 10 Towards Radical Islam 11 Islamisation of Polity Under Zia and Ershad 11 Internal Social Processes and Islamic Upsurge 13 Growing Activities of Religious Institutions and Organisations 13 Islam-Based Political Parties 15 Proliferation of Islamic Parties during Military Rule 16 Core Ideology 16 Islam-based Political Parties no Longer Defensive 17 3.