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PRODUCT INFORMATION D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde Item No. 16493 CAS Registry No.: 453-17-8 Formal Name: (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-propanal Synonyms: D-Glyceraldehyde, D-Glycerose, NSC 91534 MF: C H O CHO 3 6 3 HO FW: 90.1 Purity: ≥85% OH Supplied as: A neat oil Storage: -20°C Stability: ≥2 years Information represents the product specifications. Batch specific analytical results are provided on each certificate of analysis. Laboratory Procedures D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde is supplied as a neat oil. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the D-(+)-glyceraldehyde in the solvent of choice. D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of D-(+)-glyceraldehyde in these solvents is approximately 30 mg/ml. Further dilutions of the stock solution into aqueous buffers or isotonic saline should be made prior to performing biological experiments. Ensure that the residual amount of organic solvent is insignificant, since organic solvents may have physiological effects at low concentrations. Organic solvent-free aqueous solutions of D-(+)-glyceraldehyde can be prepared by directly dissolving the neat oil in aqueous buffers. The solubility of D-(+)-glyceraldehyde in PBS, pH 7.2, is approximately 10 mg/ml. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. Description D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde is an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. It is phosphorylated by triose kinase to produce D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, photosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways.1-3 References 1. Ronimus, R.S. and Morgan, H.W. Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof- Parnas pathway from archaea and hyperthermophilic bacteria support a gluconeogenic origin of metabolism. Archaea 1(3), 199-221 (2003). 2. Sullivan, D.T., MacIntyre, R., Fuda, N., et al. Analysis of glycolytic enzyme co-localization in Drosophila flight muscle. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 2031-2038 (2003). 3. Wolosiuk, R.A., Ballicora, M.A., and Hagelin, K. The reductive pentose phosphate cycle for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation: Enzyme modulation. FEBS J. 7, 622-637 (1993). WARNING CAYMAN CHEMICAL THIS PRODUCT IS FOR RESEARCH ONLY - NOT FOR HUMAN OR VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE. 1180 EAST ELLSWORTH RD SAFETY DATA ANN ARBOR, MI 48108 · USA This material should be considered hazardous until further information becomes available. Do not ingest, inhale, get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Before use, the user must review the complete Safety Data Sheet, which has been sent via email to your institution. PHONE: [800] 364-9897 WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF REMEDY [734] 971-3335 Buyer agrees to purchase the material subject to Cayman’s Terms and Conditions. Complete Terms and Conditions including Warranty and Limitation of Liability information can be found on our website. FAX: [734] 971-3640 [email protected] Copyright Cayman Chemical Company, 05/12/2021 WWW.CAYMANCHEM.COM.

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Carbohydrates: Structure and Function
CARBOHYDRATES: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Color index: . Very important . Extra Information. “ STOP SAYING I WISH, START SAYING I WILL” 435 Biochemistry Team *هذا العمل ﻻ يغني عن المصدر المذاكرة الرئيسي • The structure of carbohydrates of physiological significance. • The main role of carbohydrates in providing and storing of energy. • The structure and function of glycosaminoglycans. OBJECTIVES: 435 Biochemistry Team extra information that might help you 1-synovial fluid: - It is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. - the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement O 2- aldehyde = terminal carbonyl group (RCHO) R H 3- ketone = carbonyl group within (inside) the compound (RCOR’) 435 Biochemistry Team the most abundant organic molecules in nature (CH2O)n Carbohydrates Formula *hydrate of carbon* Function 1-provides important part of energy Diseases caused by disorders of in diet . 2-Acts as the storage form of energy carbohydrate metabolism in the body 3-structural component of cell membrane. 1-Diabetesmellitus. 2-Galactosemia. 3-Glycogen storage disease. 4-Lactoseintolerance. 435 Biochemistry Team Classification of carbohydrates monosaccharides disaccharides oligosaccharides polysaccharides simple sugar Two monosaccharides 3-10 sugar units units more than 10 sugar units Joining of 2 monosaccharides No. of carbon atoms Type of carbonyl by O-glycosidic bond: they contain group they contain - Maltose (α-1, 4)= glucose + glucose -Sucrose (α-1,2)= glucose + fructose - Lactose (β-1,4)= glucose+ galactose Homopolysaccharides Heteropolysaccharides Ketone or aldehyde Homo= same type of sugars Hetero= different types Ketose aldose of sugars branched unBranched -Example: - Contains: - Contains: Examples: aldehyde group glycosaminoglycans ketone group.
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Structural Features
1 Structural features As defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry gly- cans are structures of multiple monosaccharides linked through glycosidic bonds. The terms sugar and saccharide are synonyms, depending on your preference for Arabic (“sukkar”) or Greek (“sakkēaron”). Saccharide is the root for monosaccha- rides (a single carbohydrate unit), oligosaccharides (3 to 20 units) and polysac- charides (large polymers of more than 20 units). Carbohydrates follow the basic formula (CH2O)N>2. Glycolaldehyde (CH2O)2 would be the simplest member of the family if molecules of two C-atoms were not excluded from the biochemical repertoire. Glycolaldehyde has been found in space in cosmic dust surrounding star-forming regions of the Milky Way galaxy. Glycolaldehyde is a precursor of several organic molecules. For example, reaction of glycolaldehyde with propenal, another interstellar molecule, yields ribose, a carbohydrate that is also the backbone of nucleic acids. Figure 1 – The Rho Ophiuchi star-forming region is shown in infrared light as captured by NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Explorer. Glycolaldehyde was identified in the gas surrounding the star-forming region IRAS 16293-2422, which is is the red object in the centre of the marked square. This star-forming region is 26’000 light-years away from Earth. Glycolaldehyde can react with propenal to form ribose. Image source: www.eso.org/public/images/eso1234a/ Beginning the count at three carbon atoms, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxy- acetone share the common chemical formula (CH2O)3 and represent the smallest carbohydrates. As their names imply, glyceraldehyde has an aldehyde group (at C1) and dihydoxyacetone a carbonyl group (at C2).
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are ▪ A major source of energy from our diet. ▪ Composed of the elements C, H, and O. ▪ Also called saccharides, which means “sugars.” Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 2 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates ▪ Are produced by photosynthesis in plants. ▪ Such as glucose are synthesized in plants from CO2, H2O, and energy from the sun. ▪ Are oxidized in living cells (respiration) to produce CO2, H2O, and energy. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 ▪ Carbohydrates – polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxy-ketones of formula (CH2O)n, or compounds that can be hydrolyzed to them. (sugars or saccharides) ▪ Monosaccharides – carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler carbohydrates; eg. Glucose or fructose. ▪ Disaccharides – carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed into two monosaccharide units; eg. Sucrose, which is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose. ▪ Oligosaccharides – carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed into a few monosaccharide units. ▪ Polysaccharides – carbohydrates that are are polymeric sugars; eg Starch or cellulose. 4 ▪ Aldose – polyhydroxyaldehyde, eg glucose ▪ Ketose – polyhydroxyketone, eg fructose ▪ Triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, etc. – carbohydrates that contain three, four, five, six, etc. carbons per molecule (usually five or six); eg. Aldohexose, ketopentose, etc. ▪ Reducing sugar – a carbohydrate that is oxidized by Tollen’s, Fehling’s or Benedict’s solution. ▪ Tollen’s: Ag+ → Ag (silver mirror) ▪ Fehling’s or Benedict’s: Cu2+ (blue) → Cu1+ (red ppt) ▪ These are reactions of aldehydes and alpha-hydroxyketones. ▪ All monosaccharides (both aldoses and ketoses) and most* disaccharides are reducing sugars. ▪ *Sucrose (table sugar), a disaccharide, is not a reducing sugar.
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T. TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE Background
T. TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE Background O H OH 2- 2- O3PO OH O3PO O Dihydroxyacetone phosphate D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (DHAP) (GAP) Figure T.1. The reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase. Note that the reaction can proceed in either direction. Triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) is one of the best studied enzymes out there. A glycolytic enzyme, TIM is present in virtually all organisms. It catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) with D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP; Figure T.1). The individual principally associated with TIM is Jeremy Knowles, who has written two excellent reviews that cover most of the material in these notes.1 The structure of TIM was solved by Greg Petsko in the mid-1970’s, at a time when relatively few enzyme structures were known. From my perspective, the value of TIM as a point of discussion lies in the following topics: • General acid/base catalysis • Moderation of pKa’s in the enzyme active site • Sequestration of reactive intermediates • Optimization of catalytic efficiency • Cryptic stereochemistry Each topic will be covered below. Glycolysis Glucose is metabolized anaerobically through the glycolytic pathway which uses 11 enzymes to convert glucose to two molecules of lactic acid along with the production of two molecules of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Eq. T.1) C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP (Eq. T.1) To obtain a better understanding of glycolysis, any textbook or Wikipedia entry will do. However, to place TIM’s role in context, it appears at an important juncture in glycolysis, where the last hexose in the cycle, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is degraded to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP; Figure T.2).
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Monosaccharides
UNIT 5 MONOSACCHARIDES Structure 5.1 Introduction 5.4 Biologically Important Sugar Derivatives Expected Learning Outcomes Sugar Acids 5.2 Overview of Carbohydrates Sugar Alcohols Amino Sugars 5.3 Monosaccharides Deoxy Sugars Linear Structure Sugar Esters Ring Structure Glycosides Conformations 5.5 Summary Stereoisomers 5.6 Terminal Questions Optical Properties 5.7 Answers 5.8 Further Readings 5.1 INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates constitute the most abundant organic molecules found in nature and are widely distributed in all living organisms. These are synthesized in nature by green plants, algae and some bacteria by photosynthesis. They also form major part of our diet and provide us energy required for the life sustaining activities such as growth, metabolism and reproduction. At microscopic level, these constitute the structural components of the cell such as cell membrane and cell wall. In this unit, we shall begin with general overview of the chemical nature of carbohydrates and their classification. The unit focuses mainly on the simplest carbohydrates known as monosaccharides. We shall learn about the chemical structures of different monosaccharides and how to draw them. We shall also discuss their stereochemistry in detail which would help to understand how change in orientation of same substituents results in different molecules with same chemical formula but different properties. We shall also discuss about some of the chemical reactions of monosaccharides resulting in 77 formation of important derivatives and their biological importance.
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Solutions (PDF)
Solutions for Practice Problems for Biochemistry, 6: Glycolysis, Respiration and Fermentation Question 1 ADP ATP Glycolysis can be summarized as: glucose pyruvate + NAD NADH a) In a yeast cell, what is the fate of the carbon in pyruvate under anaerobic conditions? ethanol b) In a yeast cell, what is the fate of the carbon in pyruvate under aerobic conditions? CO2 c) In step 7 (see attached diaragm) of glycolysis 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is converted into 3- Phosphoglycerate (3PG). Which of these molecules, BPG or 3PG would you expect is at a higher energy level? Explain your answer. BPG is at a higher energy level than 3PG. You can infer this because BPG has two phosphate groups as compare to 3PG, which has one phosphate group. Also, the conversion of BPG into 3PG drives the synthesis of ATP. d) The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, catalyzes step 5. In this step Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted into Glyceraldehyde-3-phoshate (DAP G3P). Glyceraldehyde-3-phoshate (G3P) is immediately used in step 6. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate must be converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phoshate (G3P) before it can continue through glycolysis. Cells lacking triose phosphate isomerase can’t convert (DAP G3P). These cells can remain alive but only under aerobic conditions. Explain why cells lacking triose phosphate isomerase are alive only under aerobic conditions. Cells that lack triose phosphate isomerase can complete glycolysis using only G3P, but this generates only 2 ATP. In these cells under anaerobic conditions there is no net gain of ATP from glycolysis. Under aerobic conditions, the single pyruvate can be further oxidized to generate a little more ATP and the energy stored in NADH can be harvested through oxidation phosphorylation to generate even more ATP.
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Carbohydrates Hydrates of Carbon: General Formula Cn(H2O)N Plants
Chapter 25: Carbohydrates hydrates of carbon: general formula Cn(H2O)n Plants: photosynthesis hν 6 CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Polymers: large molecules made up of repeating smaller units (monomer) Biopolymers: Monomer units: carbohydrates (chapter 25) monosaccharides peptides and proteins (chapter 26) amino acids nucleic acids (chapter 28) nucleotides 315 25.1 Classification of Carbohydrates: I. Number of carbohydrate units monosaccharides: one carbohydrate unit (simple carbohydrates) disaccharides: two carbohydrate units (complex carbohydrates) trisaccharides: three carbohydrate units polysaccharides: many carbohydrate units CHO H OH HO HO HO H HO HO O HO O glucose H OH HO HO OH HO H OH OH CH2OH HO HO HO O HO O HO HO O HO HO O HO HO HO O O O O O HO HO O HO HO HO O O HO HO HO galactose OH + glucose O glucose = lactose polymer = amylose or cellulose 316 160 II. Position of carbonyl group at C1, carbonyl is an aldehyde: aldose at any other carbon, carbonyl is a ketone: ketose III. Number of carbons three carbons: triose six carbons: hexose four carbons: tetrose seven carbons: heptose five carbons: pentose etc. IV. Cyclic form (chapter 25.5) CHO CHO CHO CHO CH2OH H OH HO H H OH H OH O CH2OH H OH H OH HO H HO H CH2OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH H OH H OH CH OH 2 CH2OH glyceraldehyde threose ribose glucose fructose (triose) (tetrose) (pentose) (hexose) (hexose) 317 (aldohexose) (ketohexose) 25.2: Depicting carbohydrates stereochemistry: Fischer Projections: representation of a three-dimensional molecule as a flat structure.
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Glucose Hemi-Acetal & Acetal (Glyoside) Formation: Some
GLUCOSE HEMI-ACETAL & ACETAL (GLYOSIDE) FORMATION: SOME COMMON CONCEPTS IN CARBOHYDRATE (“SUGAR”) CHEMISTRY Carbohydrates • (carbon + hydrate) are molecules with three or more carbons and a general formula that approximates CnH2nOn Saccharides • are carbohydrates or sugars • monosaccharides have one sugar moiety • disaccharides have two sugars linked together • trisaccharides have three sugars linked together • tetrasaccharides have four sugars linked together, etc... • polysaccharides have an indeterminate number which can be hundreds of thousands or more Prefixes and Suffixes • the suffix (ending) for sugar names is: -ose • the prefix defines the number of carbons: o triose (3 carbons) o tetrose (4 carbons) o pentose (5 carbons) o hexose (6 carbons), etc… • a further prefix defines the types of carbonyl group in the sugar: o aldo- (aldehyde) or o keto- (ketone) o for example glucose (shown below) is an "aldohexose" whereas fructose is a "ketohexose" • the term pyranose means a six-membered sugar ring (hemiacetal or acetal - see below) • the term furanose means a five-membered ring • These terms are often prefixed as in "glucopyranose" which means glucose cyclized to its six-membered ring form (see below) Intro Chem Handouts Carbohydrate Chemistry Page 1 of 4 D- and L- Sugars • This is a naming convention • Using standard nomenclature numbering, determine the configuration (R or S) of the highest numbered stereogenic center ("chiral center" or "asymmetric center"): o if it has R-configuration, the sugar is a D-sugar o if it has S-configuration, the sugar is an L-sugar Glucose Hemi-Acetal Formation • The open form of D-glucose (and many other sugars) can cyclize to form hemiacetals.
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Bacterial Metabolism of Pentose and Pentose Nucleosides Julius Marmur Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1951 Bacterial metabolism of pentose and pentose nucleosides Julius Marmur Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Marmur, Julius, "Bacterial metabolism of pentose and pentose nucleosides " (1951). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13643. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13643 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BACTERIAL METABOLISM OF PENTOSE AND PENTOSE NUCLEOSIDES Julius Marraur A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Physiological Bacteriology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major l?ork Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean of Graduate College Iowa State College 1951 UMI Number: DP12832 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
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Isomers AP Biology > the Chemistry of Life > the Chemistry of Life
Isomers AP Biology > The Chemistry of Life > The Chemistry of Life ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW FOR CARBOHYDRATE BIOCHEMISTRY: ISOMERS Here, we address: • Structures and characteristics of aldose and ketose sugars • Differences between various types of isomers. • Carbohydrates being carbon-rich molecules with the empirical formula (CH2O)n, where "n" is a variable number. • Carbohydrates being polymers that comprise simple sugars. These sugars may have 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms in them, and are called trioses, tetroses, pentoses and hexoses, respectively. OVERVIEW CARBOHYDRATES • Carbon-rich molecules • Empirical formula: (CH2O)n • Polymers = simple sugars (3, 4, 5, or 6 C-atoms) SIMPLE SUGAR NOMENCLATURE • 3-carbon: triose • 4-carbon: tetrose • 5-carbon: pentose • 6-carbon: hexose TWO TYPES OF SUGARS • Aldose sugars: aldehydes; carbonyl group at terminal carbon Example Glyceraldehyde (glycolysis): triose sugar C3H6O3 • Ketose sugars: ketones; carbonyl group bound to 2 C-atoms Dihydroxyacetone (glycolysis): triose sugar C3H6O3 Dihydroxyacetone & glyceraldehyde are isomers: same general formula ISOMERS • Same structural formula with different order/ spatial arrangement of atoms 1. Constitutional isomers: different order of attachments but same formula • Gyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are constitutional isomers 1 / 5 2. Stereoisomers: same order of attachments but different spatial arrangements. Non-superimposable isomers: have at least one chiral carbon Two types: enantiomers & diastereomers Enantiomers: mirror images Diastereomers: not
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Chem 452 - Lecture 7 Carbohydrates Part 1
Chem 452 - Lecture 7 Carbohydrates Part 1 Question of the Day: What characteristic of monosaccharides accounts for their large number of possible structures? Introduction to Carbohydrates ✦ There is a similarity to other biomolecules • nucleotides -> oligonucleotides -> polynucleotides (DNA & RNA) ‣ nucleic acids are chemically uniform and structurally uniform • amino acids -> oligopeptides -> polypeptides (proteins) ‣ proteins are chemically diverse and structurally diverse • monosaccharides -> oligosaccharides -> polysaccharides (starch & glycogen) ‣ saccharides are chemically uniform but structurally diverse! Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 2 Introduction to Carbohydrates ✦ (CH2O)n ✦ Chemically simple, structurally complex ✦ Nomenclature • monosaccharides • oligosaccharides • polysaccharides Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 3 Monosaccharides ✦ Aldoses • polyhydroxyaldehydes ✦ Ketoses • polyhydroxyketones ✦ Number of carbons • triose • tetrose • pentose • hexose • heptose Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 4 Monosaccharides ✦ Trioses • Glyceraldehyde and Dihydroxyacetone Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 5 Monosaccharides ✦ Trioses • L and D Glyceraldehyde ‣ Contains a chiral carbon ‣ Fischer projections Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 6 Monosaccharides ✦ Trioses • Dihydroxyacetone ‣ Contains no chiral carbons Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 7 Monosaccharides ✦ Aldotriose through aldohexoses Chem 452, Lecture 7 - Carbohydrates 8 Monosaccharides ✦ Aldotriose through aldohexoses This ﬁgures only shows half of the aldoses
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Triose Phosphate Isomerase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit 6/14 (Catalog # K670-100; 100 Assays; Store at -20°C)
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY! Triose Phosphate Isomerase Activity Colorimetric Assay Kit 6/14 (Catalog # K670-100; 100 assays; Store at -20°C) I. Introduction: Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI or TIM: EC 5.3.1.1) is an important enzyme for glycolysis. It reversibly interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, thus maintaining the equilibrium of these two triose phosphates. TPI connects glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway and lipid metabolism. It is a stable homodimer found in almost all organisms. In humans, TPI deficiency is a rare multisystem disorder and leads to progressive neurological dysfunction, characterized by hemolytic anemia, cardiomyopathy and progressive neuromuscular impairment. BioVision’s Triose Phosphate Isomerase Activity Assay kit provides a quick and easy way for monitoring Triose Phosphate Isomerase activity in a variety of samples. In this kit, Triose Phosphate Isomerase converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceradehyde-3-phosphate, which reacts with the Enzyme Mix & Developer to form a colored product with strong absorbance at 450 nm. The assay is simple, sensitive, & high-throughput and can detect Triose Phosphate Isomerase activity as low as 40 mU/ml. Triose Phosphate Isomerase Enzyme Mix + Developer Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Glyceraldehyde -3-Phosphate Color (OD 450 nm) II. Application: Measurement of TPI activity in various tissues and cells Analysis of glycolysis & pentose phosphate pathway and lipid metabolism III. Sample Type: Animal tissues: muscle, liver, heart, kidney, etc. Cell culture: Adherent or suspension Cells Human serum or plasma IV. Kit Contents: Components K670-100 Cap Code Part Number TPI Assay Buffer 25 ml WM K670-100-1 TPI Substrate (Lyophilized) 1 vial Blue K670-100-2 TPI Enzyme Mix (Lyophilized) 1 vial Green K670-100-3 TPI Developer (Lyophilized) 1 vial Red K670-100-4 NADH Standard (Lyophilized) 1 vial Yellow K670-100-5 TPI Positive Control (Lyophilized) 1 vial Orange K670-100-6 V.
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