International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science (IJASHSS) Available online at http://www.ijashss.com Volume 4, Issue 3 (2015) pp. 224-230 Review Article A Review of Gngdezh Pattern Formation in Iranian Mythological Beliefs Ibrahim Vasheqani Farahani1, Mozhgan Aminian2, Tayebeh Rezaeian Ahrar2 1Associate Professor of and Literature, Payam Noor University 2MSc graduates of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University Received: 02 April 2015, Revised: 05 May 2015, Accepted: 15 June 2015 ABSTRACT The paper attempts to identify stronghold legends 's , which is a stronghold of the Gngdezh is mentioned repeatedly. The castle is full of beauty and wonder, fort on the Gngdezh, the manufacturer of that its original location and there are many traditions that we have in this paper to study a more clear picture about the various resources. In this paper we examine the Var Jamkard (Dpy the construction) likes Arkytayp Gngdezh multiple representations in Iranian mythology, let's check out these features and the trajectory of the emergence and evolution of their look. Keywords: The Fort Gngdezh, , Siavash, Afrasiyab, Keikhosro, Arjasb, Pshutan.

Problem Statement Wonders in the mythology of all nations Jamkard, Arkytayp the various aspects of encounter with the phenomena of the Hang castle is formed upon human mind to run the search. This Afrasiab is also a manifestation of the same phenomenon can be a wonderful man, Arkytayp. Davy staff is wonderful and strange intangible or masonry, masonry fort in the The Fort Gangdezh epic beauty and wonder of Gngdezh and Gangdezh, fortress or city which is the other resources, it is more or less. In more abode of several people in several places recent sources place and castle builder and also a composer. The Fort memory Gangdezh not clear in any of these sources, Gangdezh name Hukht Zahhak, The Fort Gangdezh fort is attributed to different Siavash Gangdezh, Hang Afrasiyab, places and people. However most of the Keikhosro Kankdar, Ruyneh Arjasb Fort above descriptions about the various and The Fort Pashutan Gangdezh mind is Gngdezh are common seen. The fort is also fresh. But the castles or towns were Gangdezh and other mythological connected or not? Before any comparison phenomenon that the Var Jamkard (Dpy of the similarities and search within the the Jamshid construction) and Hang meaning of the word Gangdezh castles he Afrasiab (Tushekhane Afrasiab) are also dictionaries and then we'll examine each similarities. It seems that the pattern Var of the castles. Word with multiple 224 | Page

Vasheqani Farahani et al. Int. J. Adv. Stu. Hum. Soc. Sci. 2015, 4(3):224-230 meanings vague stronghold in the assumption is very weak and the strong dictionary , including : Gangdezh " is assumption that we even pick platter and Jerusalem " ( Jahangiri , these " Gang " ) , " Enter both distortion Hukht fort are Gang , The castle's name is Babel " ( Nazemo Gang name for a fort is used . The Altebba , these " Gang " ) , " the rest of the interconnected writes Zahhak " Babel four earth and there is the tomb of the famous miles and four miles from its foundation fairy continuous day and night are the and a strong army and named it the " good same " ( Borhane Qate , the following " " institutions " ( Dinwari , 1382 : 5 ) In fact, Gang " ) . " The combination means that "good" is a translation of " Hukht " this is the building is secure (Nndraj, under the story of a group called the Babel "Gang fortress"). Dehkhoda also quoted traditions and Gangdezh hukht. But it's the total votes at the resources with Gangdezh hukht that Hamzeh Isfahani ancient , mute stronghold in East and Distortion "Even Enter" on the part of Caspian Border Iranvyj ( the ancient Indo- Shahnameh Ferdowsi has also been Iranian descent ) and place it considers affected by distortion. It's wise to name most likely , set in modern Samarqand ( Gangdezh Hudaj, and abode not in Babeln, Dehkhoda, Moein , under " Gangdezh" ) . but Jerusalem is determined as the departed to combat Zahhak Gangdezh Hukht read: BE Khoshki Residand Sar Kine Joei Be Mostofi wrote on Excerpt : " Zahhak work , Betolmoqadas Nahadand Roy the Gangdezh of Babel" ( Mostofi , 82:1339 Ke Bar Pahlavani Sokhan Randand Hami ) and dose accordingly Gangdezh , not a Gangdezh Hajudash Khandand city , but a castle in the city of Babel and (Ferdowsi, G1, 1388, 65) composer Zahhak . Gardez is also But Ferdowsi's Shahnameh sections called described as "Gangdezh" made it to the " Dezhe Hukht Gang " and it brings to the magic and the town is known Zahhak city and to help Zahhak Nabayr Kaku (Gardez, 1347: 5). Hamzeh Isfahani writes: knows that Salam was going to fight " Byurasb lived in Babel a house where the (Haman : 260,261 ). Ferdowsi flip (Bird), making it even pick platter Hukht Gang does not specify the fort , but called the Domain Name " (Hamzeh the fort in the Nabyrh Zahhak and it Isfahani, 32: 1346). It picks up the platter helped Nabyrh Salam ( king of Rome ), we so it can be justified that a quarter of the already know where Ferdowsi , Mosahaf Earth's inhabited Iranians believe the bird called " Gangdezhe howdaj ' for himread and the bird as it was called earth (Ibn al- correctly , there is a reason or narrators Faqih, 3). Mostofi also writes about " the Ferdowsi was dependent on them , just habits and Akasrh which cities made the reading these words are wrong . fauna , for example , on Shosh as an example (again ) and Branch for the horse Siavash Gangdezh (Siavshgrd) and … ( Mostofi , 105:1339 ) , and Eskander as " Isfahan the city was named Siavshgrd, Siavash and it's made in the city after him ( Jay ) on Mary's example to go " of bound China, Siavash said at the (Balamy, 1353: 700). So it can be assumed time that Afrasiyab (Ferdowsi,G 3 , that the Babel Zahhak picks examples 105:1388 ) , and the expression of time, (such chicken) is constructed so that it place , and discusses how to build it . The picks the platter is called, but this narratives of Ferdowsi, Siavash because he 225 | Page

Vasheqani Farahani et al. Int. J. Adv. Stu. Hum. Soc. Sci. 2015, 4(3):224-230 was the father granted and Turan, Afrasiab (Balamy, 666:1353). This version Afrasiyab, King of Turan, his daughter gave not only Balamy, has concluded that him Farangiss (Hman: 95) and Vyseh heaven and Gang Afrasiab, It is more Piran, T. generalissimo of his daughter, correct to assume that when Kaykhosro Jaryreh prior to Siavash was given (Haman run, the place where they had hidden their 92, 94). A year later, Afrasiab sent Siavash treasures to the regiment went. Confirms said that maybe one of you can see me that this is the story of Mostofi writing every day, from here to the border of because of Kaykhosro defeated Afrasiab, China, you look for every city that you the Tkhtgahsh who fled Bykndh called " want, Siavash Corps took the lead Vyseh Gang and dose ( east ) go. Kaykhosro in his pyrene he looked up at the Turan until: quest for the sea (Mygardanyd) "(Mostofi, Be Jaei Residand Kaba Bod 90:1339). It was hidden in the Yeki Khob Farkhonde Bonyad Bod coordination Afrasiab, the Gang is very similar space castle full of grace and Be Yek Roye Daryao Yek Roye Koh beauty Zahhak has been described, but the Baro Bar Zenakhchir Gashte Gorouh Hango Gang, only two words are similar to Derakhtane Besyaro Abe Ravan the mYesht hahical Vahdnd Arkyatyp? Most Hami Shod Dele Salkhorde Javan probably, the Fortresses Archaea typo that caused the emergence of a "Var jamkard " Siavash Be Piaran Sokhan Bar Goshad is. The tip of the non- human source ( Ke Inat Baro Boume Farokh Nahad Divine ) has a unique beauty and wonders Besazam Man Idar Yeki Khob Jay of the ground for the emergence of other Ke Bashad Be Shadi Mara Rahnamy castles in the minds of some Iranians have provided . The use of Vahesht ( Paradise ) Baram Yeki Sharestane Farakh for Gang Afrasiab , an important link Faravan Konam Andarou Baqo Kakh between the castle and bastions , known as Neshastangahi Bar Farazam Be Mah a Gang , since eight ( Paradise ) means that Chenan Chon Bod Dar Khore Tajo Gah Best . This character is also noted for (Haman: 68) Ruyyneh Dezh Arjasb and castle Zahhak too Gang " Hukht " ( howdaj ) and the Fort Ferdowsi's more, the city with the name Kaykhosro and Siavash Gang detailed "Gangdezh" that teaches and speaks of the description of the good things to be heaven to come to mind. repeated. It also must be mentioned that Ke Chon Gangdezh Dar Jahan Jay Nist the word "Gang" is also a good means. Bedan San Zamini Delaray Nist Kankdar (Fort Kaykhosro) Ke Anra Siavash Baravarde Bod Basi Andaro Ranja Borde Bod After the murder of Afrasiyab , Kaykhosro , (Haman: 104) in the cities visited and the countries Placed to the China Sea and reached the Afrasiab Hang great city built it Kankdar called as Anmva are other cities, creating many Chinese Hang's store and luggage (Dehkhoda people live there was ( Masudi , vol 1, 1344 following "Hang"). Balamy of "Gang : 227). But maybe Kankdar, distortion is Vahasht," says Turan's Paradise Gang and Gangdezh stronghold, the city near China's a huge fence and place it holds treasures Siavash era Afrasiab of Turan in the

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Vasheqani Farahani et al. Int. J. Adv. Stu. Hum. Soc. Sci. 2015, 4(3):224-230 making. Confirms this view, the book is a Ruyneh fort Afrasiab and the result was side story. After the capture of the fort the same Gangdezh Siavash and Kaykhosro Kaykhosro Gang , Gang divine he said, " . Another point on this fort is described that my sister and I 'm your brother , with the adjective "Vahesht", which means Siavash because you built with your own that heaven is best. This character is about hands ... I was the same way back and dull as Gangdezh fort Afrasiab Arjasb and the "( Pahlavi version , 64:1367 ). " Gang was word " Vahesht " , the stronghold of the the fort in Khorasan region, where the Ganges Zahhak the adjective " Hukht " Siavash, Kaykhosro has been stoped and (howdah), and Kaykhosro and Siavash thousands of logos (columns and nails) in Gang stronghold detailed description of the cast of a thousand nails in it and then good things to come and witness the same did not (did not move) and Kaykhosro pattern of thought all this forts . This Iranian people he settled there "(Haman)". means you must own the word " Gangdezh The stone wall first, second paladin, third " also added that the means are good . Crystal, fourth silver, fifth gold, sixth and seventh Amber is Ruby. The palace and the Pashutan Gangdezh silver teeth, "Congre", it is golden. Fourteen seven mountains and seven Today Pashutan , the Younger Brother rivers navigable, and chicken in it that can Esfandiari, the Iranian promised to take protect its power, it is fifteen in the height over the fort in the Gang and the day will of each of the (more than) half the height come when " Pashutan Goshtasp the fort is of a man. If a man is not his long Gangdezh dumb " ( Farnabagh Dadgi , 1380 : 142 ) , war , Thierry release , which reached the but about how the fort of Pashutan located, rock , the sound of a door to door are it is likely that the opening of Turan and seven miles of ruby , gold , gems and other Ruynedezh Esfandiar Arjasb , commanded wires in it and a lot of good wishes it to be given Pashutan brother . " (Haman). Nevertheless there is no doubt Pashutan Goshtasb guy with a black sable that the Gangdezh Gangdezh Fort cloak of thousands of students that are in Kaykhosro Siavash is his castle. Fort it, Pashutan unconscious ( eternal ) , no Gangdezh move is also symbolic of a sense death , no aging , non- corrosive , where of being abandoned or half of Siavash has God ( ruler ) and manager is dumb " destroyed itself. Bringing back Gangdezh (Revayate Pahlavi, 65: 1367). In the tenth called Kaykhosro is also achieved by century , Ahora Mazda Soroush both peak reconstructing it or conquer Kaykhosro. and making Naryvsang Siavakhsh be sent to the sharp muffled roar met them , Arjasb Ruynedezh saying Pashutan a celebrity, a son Goshtasb , a proud Kianian , you constitute Ruynedezh must be as a Gangdezh fortress a clear and firm faith in this country. Iran and castle, and the seemingly irrational Arise , then Yavransh Pashutan a hundred Ruynedezh description for obscure and fifty tons of otter skin, wearing black documents that describe the fort, and clothes stand , Pashutan and Followers strengthened it’s never been conquered. come from very cold country, what they The conquest Balamy Esfandiari, about are wearing otter skins (Yeshtha Vahesht Gang writes: "Great Treasury of 221:1377). Accordingly, Pashutan Afrasiab Kharzasb on the fence" ( Balamy , Gangdezh, as Siavash Gangdezh and can be 1353 : 666 ). Accordingly, the Hang Arjasb connected to the line between the stacks

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Siavash Gangdezh, Afrasiyab, Kaykhosro, Gong places Acropolis Zahhak have set in Arjasb and Pashutan and took it all as one. Babylonia ( Hamzeh Isfahani , 1346 : 32 ) . Ferdowsi Gangdezh Zahhak location in Gangdezh palce Jerusalem recognized (Ferdowsi, G1.1388 : 65), which may not Jerusalem in Palestine, Yeshtha call the "dumb fort is located on but his translation of the word Gangdezh the east side, several miles away from the Hukht (fine fort ) or a translation of the sea is Farakhkart" (Yeshtha 219:1377). In sacred qualities of the castle and its altar. many sources, the city called "dumb fortress" is attributed to Shen. "One of the Similarities and differences of Shen Kavoussi, a stronghold of the dumb Gangdezhs sing" ( Farnabagh forfeiture , 137:1380 ) of Ferdowsi Siavash Gangdezh attributed to These attributes are shared, it is evidence the fort and its attributes , and its place in that the same fundamental idea in all the paradise like Turan sees around China . instances Gangdezh facing infrastructure, Safa doctor quoted Marquardt wrote: whether in the East Gangdezhs are dumb fortress in Bukhara and Chinese undoubtedly one or Zahhak Gangdezh. languages, and thus can accommodate This idea probably comes from the other people say obsolescence Samarqand tour side of Varjamkard (fortress of Jamshid ). across the Oxus River and the Aral Sea to Varjamkard, the House that build byor Know (Safa, 613: 1389). But the problem is Jamshid and its urban area to build a that most of the attention, the narrative is country. The Devil and the Court will Pashutn, which is where he and his hosts prevail on earth, is a haven for people and are wearing of otter skin, which may animals and other creatures that have reflect the fact that the cold region is the their links Hormozd battle. Jamshid to the stronghold dumb. So we can conclude that pious and achieve Fareye Kiani seven the migration of Iranians from their countries and peoples of the Court of fairy original home of the Indo- Iranian magic and mining was king (Yeshtha, Iranovich due to cold, Turan and Gangdezh 1377: Zamyadysht, items 30-32) and " the have stayed in the same area, the north- kingdom he was not cold nor heat, nor eastern Iran , where the land of Turan there was no death, ( and ) not envy made . The boys come in Yeshtha Veyse created by Dave " ( Haman, para 33 ) and sons (Spsalar Turan) "in the high and holy the immortality of the people , were so , Gang, a hundred horses, a thousand oxen, then Jamshid is three times that of earth ten thousand lambs sacrificed" (Yeshtha and Bgshvd ( Vendidad , 1376 : Frgrd 2 / and, 257: 1377). This story made a dumb paragraphs 8 - 19 ) , so it was appreciated witness stronghold in northeastern Iran, that in the next thousand years , so the Turan should be Vys·h the altar boys. This damage will Hormozd creatures , kings version can also be used to Gangdezh place and heads of Kish Izadi , shelters were was sacred ritual and "dumb" to read the built , including the Refuge Varjamkard. description and naming it Hvkht and Varjamkard because it was built in the heaven, it must be the cause. Narratives tenth millennium creation , Malekusan by that sacrifice for the gods in Bile Zahhak Dave and hard rain will fall and the earth point ( Frnbghdadgy , 1380 : 247 ) as well will be a lot of damage to people and as the sanctity of the infrastructure must livestock ( Farnabagh Database , 1380 : 142 ; be built on a hidden Gangdezh because narrative Shah , 1367 : 58 ; 59 , Minoo , 1354

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: 43 ) . The species ' footprint sheep you see, and age, migrating into the castle safe for so they may marvel "(Rvayt phalavi, 1367: people and animals and plants and then 59). Psangah Varjamkard opens the doors imagine Frabshry source, Castles archetype opened and people and the sheep of the for another creation is called Gangdezh. cache Varjamkard Raynd (Haman; Varjamkard qualities, gives a good idea of Frnbghdadgy, 1380: 14; Minoo, 1354: 43). the collection. Duplicate samples were also Minoo, geography Varjamkard in the the impression of two new castles are basement has determined Iranovich " Aryans , the first descriptions of the castles Varjamkard in Iranovich, basement and built that were beautiful vintage and second in a quadruped Hmhgvnh eggs from all the terms of these castles incorporate are called people and creatures of God Ormazd, sheep, " dumb " ( good ) , " Hukht " ( good ) and " birds, anything is better, there have been Vehesht " ( heaven / Best ). every woman and every man who is forty Another feature of the cache is Varjamkard years since, the child is born and lives a save houses and the structure is hundred years of pain and ulcers, are small Gangdezhha. Varjamkard , storage place for "(Haman, 80). Accordingly, the Varjamkard all animals and plants have been good to in northeastern Iran and the ancient land of Dave Mlkvsan invasion era , generation not the Aryans Iranovich and place it in the to destroy them. Imagine being save houses basement because of the hidden places. Gangdezh is common in the sample, so that Varjamkard also read about being Gangdezh Oriental, Hang Tvshhkhanhy underground, "says the Jamkard (Jamshid) Afrasiab Afrasiab or have read. basement of a house build and latency. The Another common feature in Varjamkard and surprise is on the summer and winter (on Gangdezh, is that they were underground. him) shall prevail. There is anything in his Varjamkard, shelter Aryan migration was in house " (Farnabagh, 1380: 137) the evening. This property has been Soroush gave thought to Siavash to build transformed over the features of the ground. Varjamkard and it was the splendor of the In this feature we find Gangdezh Oriental Persian kings Frabshry force, manufacturing Hong Afrasiab. Zahhak Gangdezh the ( Farnabagh Database, 1380 : 137 ). materials it is possible to satisfy all the Gangdezh Zahhak also made of magic has magic and the magic of it, the transformation made Gardez (Gardez, 1347: 4, 5) and its of its features are underground. Afrasiab Hang also had to meet the magic (Farnabagh Database, 1380: 138). For all Conclusion instances of a similar Gangdezh the - In the era of ancient migration, Aryans are Varjamkard, based on the teachings of the manufacturer things called "Var" Frabshry gotten their amazing qualities and (fortress) , who has a small collection of adorned the doctrine of Frabshry is rooted. homes and farms of people and animals . The Furthermore Beyond humanity Gangdezh Varha to avoid the Aryans migrated from origin is rooted in Varjamkard, shelter and Indian and Iranian black natives Attacks. security features in these shares. The - Imagine "Vars" as the highest form of memorial complex Varjamkard Var ancient Varhay Varjamkard density and (Fortress) by the Aryans in the age of developed into a fortress that was built with migration. Aryans in the warm southern beyond humanity absolute security feature lands such as India and Iran, were alien to is a collection of all things. avoid the black natives of these lands, - Vrjmkrd then turned to Arkytayp (Kohan making Dezh including humans and Olgo) for the formation of livestock and save houses and small farms. It is supposed bastions and its properties such seems safe to assume Varjamkard density

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Vasheqani Farahani et al. Int. J. Adv. Stu. Hum. Soc. Sci. 2015, 4(3):224-230 as safety, beauty, well-being and underground. Ferdowsi, A. (1388), Shahnameh (the copies Moscow, to try and S. Hamidian), :

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