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35 Years of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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35 Years of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2017) 50(1): e6153, http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20166153 ISSN 1414-431X Editorial 1/9 35 years of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research E.M. Rego1*, J. Pereira Leite1*, I. Bensenor2*, R. Chammas3*, J. Nogueira de Francischi4 andP.L.daLuz5 1Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil 2Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 3Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil 5Instituto do Corac¸ão, Disciplina de Cardiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil Abstract The authors pay homage to the three founders of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Profs. Lewis Joel Greene, Sérgio Henrique Ferreira and Eduardo Moacyr Krieger for their vision and commitment to divulge the scientific production of developing countries. Introduction In 2016, the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research celebrated its 35th anniversary. During this period, the BJMBR published 49 volumes containing more than 6,000 peer-reviewed articles from authors working in the five continents. Through its policy of making the world’s scientific and medical literature a public resource, the BJMBR became an important vehicle to divulge the scientific production of developing countries, whose quantity and quality are steadily increasing over time. The successful history of the journal is due mainly to the vision and commitment of its three founders, Profs. Lewis Joel Greene, Sérgio Henrique Ferreira and Eduardo Moacyr Krieger, to whom we pay homage in this issue. They transformed the Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Médicas e Biológicas founded by Michel Jamra that was published in Portuguese into the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research published in English. The reader will have the opportunity to grasp the relevance of the work of these three leaders through the following articles written by Profs. Roger Chammas, Janetti Nogueira de Francischi and Protasio Lemos da Luz. Establishing a scientific journal in a developing country such as Brazil in the early 1980’s was a major challenge. There were many financial and political uncertainties and to keep the regularity and scientific rigor in manuscript analysis demanded the personal effort and long hours of dedication from the BJMBR founders. They championed for the development of science in low- and middle-income countries as a way to improve education (graduate and undergraduate), boost the economy and reduce social inequities. Moreover, they always stressed that the process was long and required resilience of the scientific community so that no corners would be cut and no compromise of the scientific rigor was allowed. The results go beyond the respect that the BJMBR gained among researchers, medical doctors, and health professionals. Prof. Greene had a crucial role in the development of biochemistry in Brazil. He was one of the pioneers of analytical protein biochemistry and mass spectrometry and his studies on vasoactive peptides led to the characterization of the bradykinin potentiating factor, which was identified by Sérgio H. Ferreira. Unfortunately, this homage arrives late for Prof. Ferreira, who passed away in July 2016. He was one of the most successful Brazilian pharmacologists and his contributions not only to the understanding of the function of bradykinin, but also for the development of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are internationally recognized. Prof. Krieger was one of the pioneers in translational medicine in Brazil, and his fundamental research contributed to better the understanding of treatment- resistant hypertension. Nevertheless, the common point among these three men is the outstanding capacity of mentorship, which may be witnessed by the successful careers of investigators trained in their laboratories. The BJMBR is proud of being founded and nourished by such extraordinary individuals, and we are grateful to Drs. Chammas, Francischi and Lemos da Luz for their contribution. Correspondence: E.M. Rego: <[email protected]> *Current Editors of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. Braz J Med Biol Res | doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20166153 Editorial: 35 years of the BJMBR 2/9 Lewis Joel Greene Scientists see no borders - a tribute to an honorary Brazilian By Roger Chammas, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] It was at the Medical School at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, that the New Yorker Lewis Joel Greene (f1) rediscovered the collegial atmosphere of Amherst College and Rockefeller Institute, where he completed his grad- uate education in Biochemistry. Born to a family that valued culture and education, Greene completed high school at Peekskill Military Academy in 1951. Soon after, he entered Amherst College for Liberal Arts, aiming to prepare for Medical School after college. Both at Peekskill and Amherst, there was close contact of students with teachers, which largely promoted an academic environment favorable to learning and to the development of student skills and critical thinking. At Amherst, academic research activities were part of the daily life of students, who followed mentors in the areas in the interface of Biology and Chemistry. Just before his last year at Amherst, Greene spent his vacation training in Richard Block’s laboratory at the Boyce Thompson Research Institute, Yonkers, New York. Block was famous for his analytical skills, and for creating innovative ways of separating biomolecules, such as amino acids and carbohydrates through paper chromatography, besides determining more and more sensitive ways to quantify these molecules. Despite the short time spent at Yonkers, Block influenced Greene who applied the principles of analytical biochemistry to a variety of scientific problems throughout his career. In his college thesis, supervised by Robert Whitney, Greene applied analytical biochemistry to understand which molecules would form upon ultraviolet irradiation (solar light) of simple molecules probably found in the origins of the Earth, such as nitrate and formaldehyde. The big question there was how essential amino acids were formed. The exercise of applying analytical tools to a still puzzling problem, and his performance during college, were recognized in his approval cum laude in the Honors Program of Amherst. Above all, his experience in research was decisive for the next steps of his career as an academician. Greene was accepted at the Medical School of Rochester University; however, a timely indication for the then recently created graduate program at the Rockefeller Institute changed his mind. In 1955, Greene started his graduate studies in an experimental elite program at Rockefeller, where he stayed until 1962. The Rockefeller Institute in the 50’s and 60’s served as birthplace to Modern Cell Biology and Experimental Medicine. Indeed, two of the more prestigious journals in these areas, The Journal of Cell Biology and The Journal of Experimental Medicine had been edited by Rockefeller researchers and alumni for years. At Rockefeller, the commitment has always been with excellence – which started with the formulation of the questions to be solved scientifically. There, Greene trained with the biochemist C. Hirs and cell biologist G.E. Palade, studying the secretory process of the exocrine pancreas. Braz J Med Biol Res | doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20166153 Editorial: 35 years of the BJMBR 3/9 Greene worked out the conditions of cell fractionation and further characterization of the protein content of the subcellular fractions. Altogether, these studies led to the realization of transport between different intracellular compartments and the process of compartment-dependent zymogen activation. The application of electron microscopy techniques and the construction of the subcellular compartmentalization model gave George Emil Palade the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1974. The atmosphere at the Rockefeller Institute, where committed graduate students interacted with a large number of researchers such as Hirs and Palade, was again collegial. Students and researchers shared tables in the cafeteria daily, favoring the exchange of ideas turned into projects, transformed into papers, and promoting successful careers of Rockefeller’s alumni. There, Greene felt at home. After all, this was essentially the same atmosphere he had lived at Amherst. Greene moved to the Brookhaven National Laboratory just after getting his PhD degree, in 1962, as an assistant biochemist in the Department of Biology, along with other colleagues and C. Hirs, his former PhD supervisor. In a few years, Greene was promoted to tenured scientist. However, at that time, the National Laboratory did not offer a graduate program for attracting PhD students, who were borrowed from other institutions, such as the Rockefeller Institute, where Greene still acted as an affiliate professor in Palade’s program. Brookhaven served as a hub for attraction of a number of visiting researchers from abroad, including several Brazilian researchers from the University of São
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