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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40217-1 - A Concise History of New Zealand: Second Edition Philippa Mein Smith Index More information

INDEX

abortion, 158, 250 Arcadianism, 56, 61–2, 87, 103, accent, New Zealand, 85 272, 274 aerial top dressing, 205 architecture, 62, 106, 146 agriculture. See farming Arrowtown, 85 aid, 186 arts, 158, 179, 184, 193, 254 air force, 166, 167 Asia, 272 Air New Zealand, 205, 222 exclusion of, 121, 123, 171, 283 air travel, 205, 209 migrants from, 258–9, 266, 280, All Blacks, 127, 182, 260, 272 281 All Whites, 272 trade with, 265–6, 270 amalgamation, 55, 69, 76, 91 Asia-Paciﬁc Economic Cooperation America’s Cup, 259 (APEC), 261 Anderton, Jim, 236 Aubert, Suzanne, 91 Anglo-Japanese alliance, 124 Auckland, 51, 63, 89, 98, 259, Antarctica, 187–8, 198 279–81 Anthony, Doug, 215 Australasia, 16, 30, 96–7, 101, Anzac Day, 128, 131, 133, 102–3, 111, 119, 120, 235, 235 267, 282 Anzacs, 130, 168 See also state development legends of, 128–9, 130, 132, Australia 138, 170, 261 contrasts with, 58, 108, 117, spirit of, 262, 269 120, 211, 225, 256, 268 ANZUS alliance, 186–7, 203, 227, cooperation with, 175–6, 228–9, 231–2, 261 234, 236 defence differences from, Aoraki. See Mt Cook 169–70, 171, 232, 235 Aotearoa, 9, 153, 281 integration with, 217, 265, arbitration, 99, 110–13, 157, 161, 267–8, 270 221 migrants from, 191, 192, 256

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40217-1 - A Concise History of New Zealand: Second Edition Philippa Mein Smith Index More information

Index 337

migration to, 214, 215, 256, Boswijk, Eelco, 191 258, 259, 268 Bradford, Sue, 271 ties with, 97, 119, 130, Brash, Don, 276, 277 132, 207–9, 234–5, 262, Britain, 41, 44, 168, 189, 265 267–8 dependence on, 103, 129, 147, ‘white’, 100, 120 151, 163, 181, 184, 212 See also Australasia differences from, 130, 166, 168 Australia New Zealand Closer independence from, 224, 282 Economic Relations Trade as market, 102, 119, 147–50, Agreement (CER), 121, 159, 206, 207, 212, 265 215–17, 225, 266 migrants from, 82, 83, 178–9, Australia New Zealand Agreement, 191, 256 175–6 relationship with, 101, 117, 119, Australia New Zealand Leadership 124, 131, 171, 184, 185, Forum, 267 186–7, 202, 206, 209, 218, Australian and New Zealand Army 268 Corps. See Anzacs Bryce, John, 79, 80 Buck, Sir Peter. See Te Rangi Hiroa baby boomers, 183–4, 191, Busby, James, 41, 42–3, 44, 47, 54 196, 200, 201, 204, 210, Business Roundtable, 220, 222 214, 242 Buzzy Bee, 177 Baden-Powell, Sir Robert, 127 Ballance, John, 80, 100, 105, Cameron, Lieutenant-General D. 111 A, 74 Bank of New Zealand, 222 Campion, Jane, 253 banking, 89, 160 Canberra Pact. See Australia New Banks, Joseph, 26 Zealand Agreement Barton, Edmund, 120 Canterbury, 64–5, 69, 88, 157, Bastion Point, 240–1, 279 274–5 Battle of the Somme, 134, 138 See also Christchurch Baxter, Archibald, 138 Canterbury Association, 63 Beaglehole, J. C, 26–7 capital city, 51 Beeby, C. E, 177 Carroll, Sir James, 115–16, 134, Bell, Muriel, 174 153 Bennett, Agnes, 139, 173 Cartwright, Dame Silvia, 250, Bennett, Rev. Frederick, 153 252 Bennett, Joe, 267 Caygill, David, 220 biculturalism, 4, 27, 55, 237, 244, centennial, 128, 171–2, 179 254, 255, 281 Central North Island Forests Iwi birth control, 125, 200 Collective, 278 Blake, Sir Peter, 259 CER. See Australia New Zealand Bledisloe, Lord, 171 Closer Economic Relations Boer War, 124 Trade Agreement Bolger, Jim, 223, 236 Chamberlain, Joseph, 122

338 Index

Chapple, W. A, 126 Condliffe,J.B,179, 180 Chatham Islands, 7, 16, 20, 38–9 Connon, Helen, 94 Chelsea Flower Show, 273 conscientious objectors, 138 childbirth conscription, 137–8, 153, 168 management of, 145, 250 constitution policy, 163–4 violation of, 218, 224 children written, 224 ‘anti-smacking’ legislation, 271 consumerism, 147, 148, 158, 184, health, 142–4, 162 199–200, 220, 226, 260, 283 rearing, 196 Cook, Captain James, 10, 24–8, See also infant mortality; 29, 48, 81, 272 Plunket Society Cook Islands, 121, 189, 192, 193 China, 261, 265–6, 273, 274, migrants from, 257 283 Cooper, Dame Whina, 239 migrants from, 85–6, 122–3, Corner Committee, 234 146, 192, 266, 281 Coromandel, 82 Chinese, New Zealand-born, 271 Cossgrove, David, 127 Chisholm, Caroline, 64 Cotton, Shane, 254 Choie Sew Hoy, 86 Council of Australian Christchurch, 63–4, 158, 188, 194, Governments, 267 262–5, 281 Cullen, Michael, 267, 270, 278 Chunuk Bair, 133, 134 currency, 207, 211, 213 citizenship, 178, 179, 237, 245, devaluation, 217–18, 224 257 customary rights. See fisheries civil unions, 271 Clark, Helen, 229, 250, 252, 265, Dairy Board, 148, 150, 151, 161, 272 260 climate change, 275 dairying, 104, 107, 148–50, 154, Closer Economic Relations. See 161, 162, 260, 273–4 Australia New Zealand Closer de Surville, Jean-François, 29 Economic Relations Trade de Thierry, Charles, 43, 44 Agreement Deakin, Alfred, 121, 125 Coalition Against Nuclear decimal system, 206 Warships, 229 Declaration of Independence, 42, coalmining strikes, 112 52, 54 Coates, J. G, 152, 154–5, Defence, Ministry of, 221 159–60 defence policy, 119, 129, 166, 176, Cold War, 185–6, 187, 188–9, 184–7, 202–3, 226 196, 202, 226, 227 See also ANZUS alliance Colombo Plan, 186 democracy, 68, 85, 91, 92, 104, Colonial Office, 41, 44, 46, 65 111, 123, 177, 217, 284 colonisation, 22, 26, 43, 45, depressions 55–65, 88 1885–95, 98–9, 119 Commonwealth, 205 1930s, 155, 156–60, 163

Index 339

Destiny Church, 271 equal opportunity, 177, 178, 184 Diggers, 132, 140 European Economic Community, Domett, Alfred, 66 202, 207, 208, 209, 211 Dominion status, 124, 129, 212 executive power Douglas, Sir Roger, 217, 219, abuse of, 184, 214, 223–4 220 controlling, 236 drama, 133, 183 exports, 102–3, 128, 144, 156, du Fresne, Marion, 29–30 206, 260 Duff, Alan, 253 diversifying, 211, 212 Duff, Oliver, 180 External Affairs, Department of, Dunedin, 63, 85 175 Durie, Edward Taihakurei, 244 Dutch community, 191 farming, 103, 147 See also dairying; sheep farming earthquakes, 89, 156, 262–5, Farr, Gareth, 258 283 fashion designers, 284 Easter Island, 7 fauna, 2, 3, 16, 80 Economic Stabilisation Act, 214, federation, 96–7, 117–19 219 Federation of Labour, 112–13, economy 188 global, 102, 210–11 femininity, concepts of, 63, 175, restructuring, 212, 214–15, 217, 197 220 feminism, 252 structure of, 102–3, 111, 119, colonial, 108, 125 151, 162, 209, 225, 283 second wave, 201–2, Edger, Kate, 92–4 249–50 education, 91–4, 200 See also women, suffrage Maori culture in, 177 Fenwick, Percival, 130 open-air schools, 143 fertility, 94, 125, 164, 196, 200 policy, 92, 177 films, 77, 147, 148–50, 253–4, school milk, 143, 162, 206 255, 273 electoral system, 151, 224, 277 Fisher, Sir Woolf, 209 reform, 236 fisheries, customary rights to, electricity, 146, 190 247–9 Elizabeth II, Queen, 198–9, 281 FitzRoy, Governor Robert, 66 emissions trading scheme, 275 Fitzsimons, Jeanette, 252 entrepreneurial state, 88, 90, 99, Fletcher, James, 165 101, 103, 222 Fletcher Challenge, 222 environment flora, 2, 4, 16, 19, 80 and agriculture, 204–5, 274–5 Fonterra, 274 attitudes to, 15, 16, 207, 273 football, 272 movement, 204, 244 Forbes, George, 157 Environment Canterbury (ECan), foreshore and seabed debate, 274 275–6, 277

340 Index

forestry, 208–9 Hall, Sir John, 108, 121 Foveaux, Joseph, 31 Hammond, Bill, 254 Fox, William, 95 Hartley, Charles and Dinah, 66 France, 28–30, 41, 44, 63, Hauhau. See Pai Marire 232–3 Hawaii, 7, 19, 28 nuclear testing by, 189, 203, Hawaiki, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 115 227 Hawke, Joe, 241 Fraser, Janet, 164, 173 health Fraser, Malcolm, 215 camps, 143 Fraser, Peter, 138, 167, 168, 172, in image of New Zealand, 95, 176, 177, 184, 203 144, 148, 162, 199, 256 free trade, 102, 208, 265–6 Maori, 116–17, 126, 142, 152, See also Australia New Zealand 166, 195 Closer Economic Relations policy, 142–5, 163–5, 224–5 Trade Agreement spas, 95 Health, Department of, 142, 143 Gallaher, David, 135 Hillary, Sir Edmund, 198, 259, Gallipoli, 130–1 272 geology, 83, 156, 284 Hobson, Captain William, 44, See also earthquakes 45, 46, 47–9, 51, 54, 61, Gibbs, Alan, 224 276 Gibbs Report, 224 Holland, Sidney, 184, 185, 208 globalisation, 27, 55, 100–4, 111, home ownership, 106–7, 158, 165, 205, 211, 219, 223, 226, 253, 196 258, 265, 283, 284 homosexual law reform, 271 Godley,J.R,64 Hone Heke, 48, 66–7 gold rushes, 82–6, 87, 91, Hongi Hika, 33, 34–5, 36, 37 110 hospitals, 87, 94 Golden Bay, 82 maternity, 126, 145 goldmining strikes, 112 Hotere, Ralph, 254 Gondwana, 1, 3, 4, 207 housing, 195 Gore Browne, Governor Thomas, See also state houses 69, 70–1, 73 Hulme, Juliet, 253 government Hunn Report, 195 borrowing, 88, 151, 211 Hursthouse, Charles, 96 establishment of, 68–9 Huru, 30 structure of, 90, 184, 219, 223, hydroelectric power, 164, 190, 281 204, 215 Graham, Sir Douglas, 247 Greer, Germaine, 201 identity, New Zealand, 97–8, 101, Grey, Earl, 68 119, 129, 134, 156, 187, 232, Grey, Sir George, 67, 68, 69, 72, 242, 254, 255, 256, 257, 272, 73–4 279 Gunn, Elizabeth, 139, 143 versus Australian, 132

Index 341

immigration Kingi, Wiremu, 69, 73 nineteenth century, 57, 65, 81, Kingitanga, 69, 70, 71, 73–4, 75, 82–3, 85, 88–9 80, 115, 116, 138, 152, 153, policy, 86, 87, 88–9, 101, 239, 247 121–2, 146, 178–9, 190–2, Kingston, Charles, 110 257, 258 Kirk, Norman, 202–3, 227, 237, Immigration Restriction Act, 241 122 kiwi, 5 imperialism, 24, 26, 42, 43, 97, knitting, 139 101, 102 kohanga reo, 243, 245 import controls, 162–3 Korean War, 186, 188, 206 incomes, 98, 211 Kotahitanga, 115 inequalities in, 112, 225 kumara, 12, 13, 19 independence, constitutional, kupapa, 76, 77, 80, 82, 138 179 Kupe, 10, 13, 14 India, 266 Kyoto Protocol, 275 migrants from, 122, 146, 192, 266 La Perouse,´ Galaup de, 28 Indigenous Australians, views of, Labour governments 14, 30, 109 first, 156, 160–7, 175–9, 182 industrial disputes, 99, 112, fourth, 212, 217–23, 227, 188–9 228–35, 236, 244, 247, 250, infant mortality, 81, 126, 145 271, 272 infant welfare movement. See Labour-led (Clark), 252, 269, Plunket Society 270–1, 276 inflation, 211, 214, 218 second, 196, 237 managing, 221 third, 202–3, 227, 240 influenza pandemic, 142, 152 labour market reforms, 220, 221, internet, 264 223 Iraq War, 269 Labour Party, 138, 151, 202, 219, Iti, Tame, 279 229–30 land Jackson, Peter, 253, 273 addressing grievances, 154–5, Japan, 122, 124, 125 172, 178, 246 confiscation, 66, 75, 78–9, 81, Kawiti, 67 113, 139, 155, 240, 247, Kendall, Thomas, 35, 43 277 Kerikeri, 33 leasing, 79, 95, 105, 114, Kermadec Islands, 121 153 Key, John, 269, 277, 278 Maori reserves, 60, 114, 153, King, Sir Frederic Truby, 126–7, 247 140, 141, 142 protests, 239–41, 244, 276 King, Governor Philip, 30–1 purchase, 39, 41, 45, 75–6, 80, King movement. See Kingitanga 81, 104–5, 113

342 Index

land (cont.) depopulation, 39–40, 72, 80–1 speculation, 89–90 early contact with Europeans, state advances, 105, 155, 161 24, 27–8, 29, 31 in systematic colonisation, 57, education, 91–2, 195 58, 61, 65 land loss, 105, 113–14, 116, views of, 56, 104, 204 152, 195, 240 See also environment; Treaty of language, 21, 35, 239, 243, Waitangi 244 Lands and Survey, Department of, in New Zealand identity, 101, 113 117 Lange, David, 217, 220, 228–9, parliaments, 115 230, 231 as peacekeepers, 261 Langlois, Jean Franc¸ois, 63 poverty, 81, 155, 165, 247 Lapita people, 7 sovereignty, 42, 44, 52–3, 72 Lead Maternity Carer scheme, 251 status of, 134, 161, 165–6, 172, League of Nations, 162, 166 178, 180, 192, 238, 245, 246 Legislative Council, abolition of, trading activities, 31, 35, 36, 37 184 urbanisation, 183, 193–5, 238 Liberal government, 100–2, 103–5, views of Treaty of Waitangi, 113–14, 122, 153, 156 47–8, 49, 50, 51, 55, 67, 71, liberalism, 100, 110 153, 237, 239 life expectancy, 183, 195 in workforce, 192, 194–5, liquor laws, 101, 201 222 literature, 158 in world wars, 134, 138–9, 152, Liverpool, Lady, 139 153, 172–3, 194 Lomu, Jonah, 260 youth, 238–9 Lord, Simeon, 31 Maori Affairs, Department of, lunatic asylums, 87 178 Maori Council, 238, 239, 245 Macleod, Euan, 254 Maori Fisheries Commission, 248 Macmillan Brown, Helen. MaoriLandMarch,239 See Connon, Helen Maori Organisation on Human Macmillan Brown, John, 92 Rights, 238 Macquarie, Lachlan, 33 Maori Party, 277, 279, 282 Malayan Emergency, 187 Maori seats, 91, 238, 276 Malone, Colonel W. G, 133, 134 Maori Social and Economic Mandela, Nelson, 242 Advancement Act, 178 Maori, 1, 5–6, 18–21, 193–5 Maori Students’ Association, 238 in Australia, 30–1, 35, 259, 268 Maori War Effort Organisation, and Christianity, 33–4, 40–1, 44, 172–3 71 Maori Women’s Welfare League, concepts of, 13–14, 18, 24, 194, 195, 241, 243 57, 95, 109, 116, 117, 134, Maritime Strike, 99 150 Marsden, Samuel, 33, 48

Index 343

masculinity, concepts of, 63, 87, Napier, 156 110, 113, 130, 148, 158, 170, Nareen Statement, 215 198 Nash, Walter, 168 Mason, Bruce, 183 National Council of Women, 109, Massey, William Ferguson (Bill), 146 113, 129, 151 National governments Maui, 6, 12, 13 1950s–1960s, 184, 188, 196, McCahon, Colin, 184, 255, 273 199, 206, 238, 239, 241 McCombs, Elizabeth, 110, 159 Muldoon (third), 213, 215, McIntosh, Alister, 185 227–8, 241, 242, 256–7 McLean, Allan, 104 National-led (Bolger/Shipley), McMillan, David, 164 223, 224–5, 236, 247, 252, Meat Producers’ Board, 151 258 Mein Smith, Captain William, 46, National-led (Key), 274, 275, 58–9, 61 277, 279, 280, 282 Middle Earth, 273 national parks, 96, 154, 204, midwifery, 250–1 278–9 Miss New Zealand, 146 National Party, 182 missionaries, 14, 32–4, 40, 43–4, nationalism, 97, 102 47 colonial, 97, 101, 117, 123, 129 Mita, Merata, 255 cultural, 179 moa, 5, 16, 17, 19 nationhood, 179–82 Moriori, 20–1, 38 Native Land Acts, 75, 76, 116 Morison, Julia, 254 Native Land Court, 75–6, 78, 80, motherhood, 57, 94, 140–1, 249, 81, 90, 95, 96, 105, 115, 116, 251, 253 153, 240 maternal health, 144–5, 163–4 Native Trust Ofﬁce, 153 in World War I, 137, 139, 140 navigators, Polynesian, 5, 6–7, See also childbirth 9–10 Mt Cook, 4, 28, 247, 279 Neill, Grace, 126 Muldoon, Sir Robert, 213–15, 217, Nelson, 64, 65–6 218, 219, 227, 238, 242 Nene, Tamati Waka, 48, 55, 67 Muldoonism, 213–17, 223, 241, neoliberalism, 218–19, 220, 223, 242, 244, 250, 252, 258, 268 274 Mulgan, John, 158 Nepia, George, 154 multiculturalism, 238, 255, 281 New Plymouth, 65 Murupara, 208 New Zealand Australia Free Trade musket wars, 35–9 Agreement (NAFTA), 209, effects of, 36, 39–41 215 European input to, 38–9 New Zealand Company, 39, 45–6, 56, 58–9, 65, 66, 82, 90, 117, Nahiti, 57 171 naming, 9, 12, 13, 24, 28 New Zealand Co-operative Dairy Nanto-Bordelaise Company, 63 Company, 150

344 Index

New Zealand Division, 134–5, 138 Palmer, Sir Geoffrey, 220, 224, New Zealand First Party, 236, 258 229, 230 New Zealand Rugby Football Panakareao, Nopera, 49 Union, 241 Parata, Taare, 134 New Zealand Settlements Act, 75, Parihaka, 78–80 78 Passchendaele, 134 New Zealand wars, 69, 72–80, 82 Patuone, 48, 55, 69 effects of, 77–8, 88, 97 pavlova, 197 Nga Tamatoa, 238, 239 peace movement, 189, 227, 229, Ngai Tahu land claim, 246–7, 279 230 Ngata, Sir Apirana, 115–16, 134, peacekeeping, 261, 269 153–5, 165, 172 Pember Reeves, William, 100, 102, Niue, 121, 192, 193 105, 110, 113 Nordmeyer, Arnold, 164 Peters, Winston, 258–9 nuclear power, 190 Pike River Mine, 262, 281 nuclear weapons, 189 pioneers New Zealand stance on, 184, heritage of, 132, 172, 219 190, 203–4, 226–36, 269 legend of, 62 testing, 189, 227, 233 Plunket Society, 126–7, 141, 143, nurses, 139 162 police force, 87 Oamaru, 140 Pomare, Sir Maui, 116, 134 oil shocks, 211, 214 Pomare, Miria, 139 Orakau, battle of, 74 Pompallier, Bishop J. B. F, 44, 49 Organisation for Economic population Cooperation and Development male–female ratio, 61, 87, 107 (OECD), international ‘native born’ Europeans, 101 comparisons, 211, 218, 224, urban, 107, 108, 280–1 225 potatoes, 35, 36 Otago, 65, 82–3, 85, 86, 87 Prebble, Richard, 220, 227 Ottawa Agreements, 159 predators, 5, 16 Prendergast, Chief Justice James, Pacific Island New Zealanders, 78 256–8 Preston, Gaylene, 253 Pacific Islands privatisation, 222, 245, 248 dependencies, 121, 142, 175–6, prophet movements, 75, 77, 139 192–3 prostitution law reform, 271 in defence strategies, 166, 168 provinces, 68 migrants from, 192–3, 281 public sector reforms, 221 nuclear testing in, 189, 227 public works schemes, 157 Pacific Ocean, 7, 22 pacifism, 138–9 race relations, 66–7, 70, 72, 254 Pai Marire, 74–5, 77 policy, 85–6, 177, 194, 195 Paikea, 13 views of, 27, 97, 193, 242, 261

Index 345

radio, 179, 245 Samoa, 121, 129, 142, 176, 192, railway, 80, 89, 114, 158, 222, 193, 271 266, 280 migrants from, 257 Rainbow Warrior, bombing of, Savage, Michael Joseph, 138, 161, 232–3 165, 166–7 Rata, Matiu, 240, 248 scouting movement, 127 Ratana, Iriaka, 252 sea level rise, 275 Ratana,T.W,152–3 sealers, 31 Ratana Church, 152 Sealord deal, 249 Ratana movement, 152, 165, 237, sectarianism, 44, 91 238 Seddon, Richard, 85, 100, 115, rationing, 174 119, 121, 126 rats, 5, 10, 16–17 sesquicentennial, 50 Read, Gabriel, 82 settlement ‘recolonisation’, 101–2, 123 patterns, 17–18, 20 Red Feds. See Federation of Labour time of, 6, 7–9, 15, 17, 35 redundancies, 222–3 settler capitalism, 55, 56, 63, 103 Reeves, Maud, 110 Shanghai Expo, 273 Reform government, 114, 129–30, Sharples, Pita, 277 153–5 sheep farming, 104, 205, 214 Reform Party, 113, 114, 151 Sheppard, Kate, 108, 252 refrigeration, 99, 102, 103 Shipley, Jenny, 252, 261 relief camps, 158 Shotover Big Beach Gold Mining religion, 91 Company, 86 reo Maori, te. See Maori, language Silver Ferns, 260 republicanism, 282 Sinclair, Keith, 193 Reserve Bank, 160, 162, 165, 214, Singapore, 168–9 218, 219, 220, 221 Single Economic Market, 267 Resource Management Act, Smith, Adam, 57 274 Smith, S. Percy, 14 Rewi Maniapoto, 74, 75 smoking law reform, 271 Richardson, Ruth, 223 social security, 162 Ringatu, 77 for Maori, 165 roads, 89, 158, 204 Social Security Act, 163 Rogernomics, 217–23, 225, Society for the Protection of the 226, 229, 236, 245, 247, Unborn Child, 250 250, 268 Somerset, H. C. D., 205 Ross, Hilda, 184 South Africa. See Boer War, Rotorua, 95, 116 Springbok tours Rowling, Bill, 240 South Paciﬁc, nuclear-free zone, Rua Kenana, 139, 153, 279 203, 227, 233, 270 Ruatara, 33 Spain, William, 65, 66 Russell, Thomas, 89–90 sport, 259–60 Russell, Captain William, 97 Springbok tours, 241–2

346 Index

St Helens Hospitals, 126 Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki, state development 77 Australasian model of, 99, Te Maiharanui, 38 100–1, 102, 156, 161, 162, Te Manihera, 68 163, 184, 209, 210, 218, 283 Te Morenga, 36 entrepreneurial model of, 88, 90 Te Pahi, 30, 32 neoliberal model of, 221, 226, Te Papa, 255, 258 283 Te Pehi Kupe, 37, 38 state houses, 165, 178 Te Puea, 138, 153, 172, 255 state-owned enterprises, 221, 245 Te Puni, 46, 58 Stephen, Sir James, 42 Te Rangi Hiroa, 14, 134 stock and station agents, 103 Te Rangihaeata, 65, 66 Stout, Anna, 108 Te Rauparaha, 36, 37, 38, 65, 66, Stout, Sir Robert, 116 67 Strutt, William, 61–3 Te Taniwha, Horeta, 27–8 subsidies, 214, 221 Te Ua Haumene, 75, 77 suburbia, 106–7, 146, 165, 195–7 Te Weehi, 248 superannuation, 163, 213, 214, Te Wharepouri, 39, 46, 58, 60 218, 270 Te Wherowhero, 36, 50, 69 supermarkets, 196 Te Whiti, 78–9, 80 Sutch, Bill, 209 telegraph, 73, 89 television, 196, 213, 225, 240, Tainui land claim, 247 241, 245, 260 Talboys, Brian, 215 Terra Australis, 22, 23, 24 Tama Te Kapua, 13 ‘Think Big’ projects, 214–5, 218, Tamahori, Lee, 253 222, 244 Tamakihikurangi, Renata, 71 Thomas, Captain Joseph, 64 tangata whenua. See Maori Thompson, Henry, 65 Tangiwai disaster, 198 Titokowaru, 77, 78 Taranaki, 73, 74 Tizard, Dame Catherine, 252 Tareha, 48 Tohu Kakahi, 79, 80 Tasman, Abel, 24, 28 Toi, 13 Tasman Empire Airways Limited, Tokelau, 192, 193 205 tourism, 95 Tasman Pulp and Paper Company, Tourist and Health Resorts, 208 Department of, 95 Taumarunui, 114 Trade Union Congress, 188 Tauranga, 74, 208 traditions, 6, 10, 255 Tawhiao, 73, 80 oral, 9, 10–13, 18 taxation, 105, 122, 159, 221 waka, 10, 12, 18, 22 Taylor, Richard, 14 Treasury, 218, 219, 220, 226 Te Heuheu, Mananui, 50 Treaty of Waitangi, 39, 45, 46, Te Heuheu Tukino IV, 96 47–55, 63, 113, 237, 240, te Heuheu, Sir Tumu, 278 255, 282

Index 347

articles, 52–3, 54, 55, 71, 248, Vogel, Julius, 85, 88 276 voting rights, 68–9, 85, 90–1 in land purchase, 65, 76, 78, See also women, suffrage 115, 247 Maori and English versions, 47, wages, 111–12, 157, 161, 201 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 240 family, 111–12, 162, 163 in Maori protests, 115, 239 Waikato, 72, 73–4 partnership under, 246, 276 Wairakei, 12 principles, 246 Wairau dispute, 65–6, 72 revival of, 178, 244, 245, 254, Waitangi, Treaty of. See Treaty of 255 Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi Fisheries Waitangi Day, 237–8 Commission, 249 Waitangi Tribunal, 15, 40, 52, Tregear, Edward, 14, 117 240, 244, 246 Tremewan, Captain H. S, 136 settlements, 246–7, 276, 278–9, Tremewan, Mary, 137 281 Tuffery, Michel, 254 Waitara, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75 Tuhoe, 278–9 Wakefield, Captain Arthur, 66 Tuki, 30 Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, 45, Tupaia, 10, 27 56–8, 60 Turia, Tariana, 277 Wakefield, Colonel William, 45, 57, 58, 59–61, 65 unemployment, 157–8, 159, 211, Walsh, F. P., 188 214, 220 Wanganui, 65 Union Steam Ship Company, 99 Ward, Sir Joseph, 100, 125, 152 unions, 99, 161, 222, 223 Waring, Marilyn, 228 United government, 151–2, 155, water disputes, 274–5 157 waterfront dispute, 188–9 United Kingdom. See Britain welfare,