International Phd Students' Experiences in Uppsala
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ISSN 1653-2244 INSTITUTIONEN FÖR KULTURANTROPOLOGI OCH ETNOLOGI DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY Between Dark Days and Light Nights: International PhD Students’ Experiences in Uppsala By Stefanie Mallow 2017 MASTERUPPSATSER I KULTURANTROPOLOGI Nr 69 Abstract Analysing what it means being neither immigrant nor tourist in a foreign country, this thesis looks at the experiences of international PhD students and their supervisors in the Swedish university town Uppsala. The Faculty of Science and Technology of Uppsala University and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) are the universities studied. Based on anthropological methods, this thesis focuses on the individual actors as they attempt to match the objective of doing a PhD while at the same time being in a different country. Using practice theory, the study highlights that the experiences of international PhD students and the people working with them vary greatly from PhD student to PhD student. Yet, almost all undergo a certain form of self-formation and adjustment process to match the requirements of not only their host country, but also the international field of science they attempt to enter. Being connected to other people in similar situations can help them adapt to this new environment, and many international PhD students join communities of practice. I argue that most develop an internationally recognised habitus, which helps them being recognised by the international community. The habitus can further, under certain circumstances, become partially conscious. KEY WORDS: International PhD Students, Supervisors, Higher Education, Practice Theory, Sweden, Anthropology, Mobility [email protected] ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank all of my informants: without their time, their trust in me, and their stories – the good ones as well as the bad ones – this thesis would not have been possible. I would further like to thank my supervisor, Eren Zink, who challenged me in various ways and made me rethink how I see the world; thank you for all the wise comments and suport along the way and for putting me into contact with the International Science Programme. I also want to thank the secretary of the International Association of Universities, particularly Hilligje van’t Land, who introduced me to the curious world of higher education and sustainable development and helped me understand doctoral education in Africa and much more. Merci Beaucoup for always encouraging and believing in me and having me work with so many projects; without IAU I would still not understand half of what is happening in higher education. Further, my sincere gratitude goes to the staff of the DAAD Office in Jakarta, for expanding my interest for higher education in general and allowing me to peek behind the scenes for the first time. A big thank you to all of my friends who supported me during the writing process and gave me so much valuable feedback: Mariapia, Nanna, Lisa, Julia, and Lutz, and all the others who cheered me up and kept listening to my endless tirades about my thesis. And a special thanks to Stephen Maconi, for being my private translator and bringing me cake when I needed it. And last but not least: a big thank you for the continuous support over my last seven years of being a student to my parents, who have continuously offered me many words of advice and wisdom. Without you, I could have never made it. iii Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. III TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... IV 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 MOBILITY, HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE ........................................................... 5 1.2 A THEORY OF PRACTICE ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 CHAPTER OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 12 2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 13 2.1 THE FIELDS ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2 METHODS ................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.1 Interviews ............................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 Participant Observation....................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Noticeboards, Pamphlets and Other Documents ................................................. 18 2.2.4 Auto-Ethnography ................................................................................................ 19 2.3 ETHICS AND LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Ethical Considerations......................................................................................... 21 2.3.2 Limitations ........................................................................................................... 21 2.3.3 When Fieldwork Ends .......................................................................................... 23 3 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 24 3.1 SWEDISH HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM .................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Doctoral Education .............................................................................................. 25 3.1.2 Funding for PhD Education................................................................................. 26 3.2 UPPSALA ................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Uppsala University .............................................................................................. 29 3.2.2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ....................................................... 31 3.2.3 Student Life in Uppsala ........................................................................................ 32 3.3 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 34 4 WELCOME TO SWEDEN ........................................................................................... 35 4.1 FIKA .......................................................................................................................... 36 iv 4.2 INTERNATIONALISATION AT HOME ........................................................................... 39 4.3 ‘JAG PRATAR INTE SVENSKA’ .................................................................................... 42 4.1 SUPERVISORS WITHOUT BORDERS? ........................................................................... 45 4.2 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 49 5 DARK DAYS .................................................................................................................. 51 5.1 RAIMA’S ARRIVAL .................................................................................................... 52 5.2 A ‘TERRIBLE MISTAKE’? .......................................................................................... 55 5.3 ‘SWEDEN IS A GOOD DEFINITION OF SILENCE’.......................................................... 57 5.4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 61 6 SPACES FOR DIALOGUE .......................................................................................... 62 6.1 WHO IS IN YOUR ADDRESS BOOK? ........................................................................... 63 6.2 ANIMAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT ............................................................................... 66 6.2.1 A Community of Practice ..................................................................................... 67 6.2.2 The ‘Chinese Mafia’ ............................................................................................ 70 6.3 GAMES ...................................................................................................................... 73 6.3.1 Board Games ....................................................................................................... 73 6.3.2 Cards Against Humanity ...................................................................................... 77 6.4 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 79 7 LIGHT NIGHTS ............................................................................................................ 81 7.1 ‘HOW PEOPLE IN SCIENCE SEE EACH OTHER’ .......................................................... 82 7.2 ‘I FOUND MYSELF HERE’ ........................................................................................... 85 7.3 SUPERVISORS’ PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................................