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Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens SOCIETAS PRO FAUNA ET FLORA FENNICA FAUNA FENN/CA 7 DIE TURBELLARIEN OSTFENNOSKANDIENS 1. ACOELA, CATENULIDA, MACROSTOMIDA, [) LECITHOEPITHELIATA, PROLECITHOPHORA, UND PROSERIATA I:I ) VO?' ALEX. LUTHER AUS DER ZOOLOGISCHEN STATIOX T\'ÄRMINNE UND DEM ZOOLOGISCHEN I!:\STITUT DER UNIVERSITÄT IN HELSINGFORS MIT 40 ABBILDUNGEN IM TEXT UND 1 TAFEL HELSINKI - HELSINGFORS '1960 ; I ) ) GEDR'l'CKT l~ I'I"'i'L.-\':\D BEI TILGMA?')l HELSI?'KI-'HELSI:\GFORS 1960 FAUNA FENNIeA 7 3 I1\HALTSÜBERSICHT Seite Seite \ p or,vort . !1 :.\Iacrostol11u11l obtusul\1 77 Provinzkarte 7 :M. balticum .. 78 Abkürzungen.............................. 8 ~.l. hamatum . 79 Bezeichnungen der Abbildungen 8 M. lutheri .. 81 Turbellaria '10 .lVI. curvituba . 83 Bestimmungstabelle der Gruppen... 10 M. tenuicauda . 84 Acoela 12 M. tuba .. 85 H aploposthiidae M. minutum . 88 Childia groenlandica 12 Dolichomacrostomnm uniporum . 89 Anaperidae Lecithoepitheliata . 91 Anaperus tvaerminnensis 14 Pro'Yhynchidae Convolutidae Prorhynchus stagnalis . 93 Mecynostomum lutheri 15 Geocentrophora sphyrocephala . 9() M. auritnm 17 G. baltica . 98 Convoluta saliens 19 Prolecithophora. Combinata 99 C. karlingi 21 Protomonotresidae Catenuli<'la 22 Archimonotresis limophila 99 Catenulidae Prolecithophora. Separata . 101 Catenula lemnae 23 Plagiostomidae C. macrura 152 Plagiostomum lemani . 101 Suomina turgida 24 Proseriata . 105 Stenostomum.. .. ................ 27 Bothrioplanidae S. leucops .. .. 29 Bothrioplana semperi . 106 S. unicolor 36 Oto'mesostomidae S. bryophilum 43 Otomesostoma auditivum . 108 S. karlingi 46 M onocelidae S. gra1>bskogense 47 Monocelis lineata . 112 S. tuberculosum........................ 49 Paramonotus hamatus . 114 S. middendorffii........................ 51 Promonotus schultzei . 116 Myostenostomum bulbocau.datum 52 Archilopsis unipunctata . 118 M. tauricum 58 l'vlinona baltica . '121 Rhynchoscolex simplex 59 Otoplanidae ;,Hacrostomida.............................. 60 Bothriomolus balticus . 125 Microstomidae Philosyrtis fennica . 133 Microstomum lineare.................. 61 Pseudosyrtis subterranea . 135 M acrostomidae Coelogynoporidae :Macrostomum.......... 66 Coelogynopora . 135 M. hystricinum 67 C. biarmata . 138 M. rostratum........................... 71 C. schulzii .. 140 M. finlandense 72 C. hangoensis . 142 M. distinguendum 73 Literaturverzeichnis . 'llJ4 ]\1. karlingi 74. Nachträge . 152 M. orthostylul1l... 75 VORWORT Vor rund 60 Jahren begann ich meine Aufmerksamkeit den Turbellarien zuzuwenden. Seitdem habe ich - wenn auch mit vielen Unterbrechungen ­ diese bis dahin in Finnland wenig beachtete Tiergruppe im Auge behalten und über sie eine Reihe von Arbeiten veröffentlicht. Einige Schüler von mir sowie ausländische Kollegen, die an der zoologischen Station Tvärminne arbei- teten, haben ferner unsere Kenntnisse von den hier lebenden Strudelwür- ) mern stark vermehrt. Es erscheint mir wünschenswert eine Zusammenstellung des bis jetzt über die Turbellarienfauna Ostfennoskandiens Bekannten zu geben, wobei auch die Resultate der russischen Forscher Beachtung finden. Das hier behandelte Gebiet »Ostfennoskandiem umfasst Finnland, rus­ sisch Karelien und die halbinsel Kola. Es handelt sich also um ein durch geographische Verhältnisse, geologische Beschaffenheit des Bodens und andere Naturverhältnisse bedingtes, von politischen Grenzen unabhängiges natur­ historisches Gebiet. Die Turbellarien der Ostseeküste Finnlands sind ein­ bezogen, dagegen nicht die marine Fauna des Eismeeres bezw. des Weissen Meeres. Es war mein Bestreben Bestimmungstabellen und Beschreibungen aller hier vorkommenden Arten zu geben, aber auch das, was ich an neuen Beob­ achtungen gesammelt hatte, zu veröffentlichen. Wo eine Spezies bereits gut bekannt war konnte ich mich kürzer fassen, wo es nicht der Fall war musste ich ausführlicher sein. Einzelne Gruppen, wie z.B. die Catenulida, die wegen ) der Schwierigkeiten, die sie darboten, bisher hier ganz bei Seite geschoben waren, mussten der Vollständigkeit wegen mit berücksichtigt werden, trotzdem noch viel Unsicherheit bestand. So ist die Darstellung ungleichmässig geworden. Das Hauptgewicht in dieser Arbeit wurde auf die faunistische Seite gelegt. Der Verbreitung der Arten wurde deshalb grosse Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Bis jetzt sind die Turbellarien in unserem Gebiet nur an ganz wenigen Orten näher untersucht worden; dazu kommen zerstreute Beobachtungen während kürzerer Aufenthalte an anderen Stellen. Vor allen Dingen war es die Zoo­ logische Station Tvärminne am Ufer des Finnischen Meerbusens, die ein Zent­ rum dieser Forschungen war, von dem aus Exkursionen in verschiedenen FAUNA FENNICA 7 5 Richtungen unternommen wurden. Diese Gegend ist also relativ gut bekannt, während grosse Teile Finnlands in dieser Beziehung noch eine Terra incognita sind. Dass besonders Lappland noch manches Neue zu bieten hat konnten Dr. TOR G. KARLING, Prof. FLORIANO PAPI und ich auf einer 1950 gemeinsam unternommenen dreiv\'öchigen Rekognoszierungsfahrt feststellen. Aber auch im Süden des Landes wird noch so manches von Interesse zu finden sein, besonders wenn bisher übersehene Lebensräume in den Blickpunkt rücken und neue Untersuchungsmethoden zur Verwendung kommen. So war es als auf Anregung von A. RE1vlANE und E. SCHULZ das Küstengrundwasser in den Bereich der Forschung gezogen wurde. Beobachtungen an lebenden Turbellarien und Einsammlungen von Material wurden hauptsächlich in den Sommermonaten Juni bis Anfang September gemacht, weniger im April und Mai, während aus der kalten Jahreszeit bloss vereinzelte, mehr oder weniger zufällige Notizen vorliegen. J Die Fundorte sind, um eine Übersicht zu erleichtern, nach den von der Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica angenommenen naturhistorischen Pro­ vinzen geordnet, deren traditionelle abgekürzte Bezeichnungen (s. Karte) in Kursivschrift angegeben werden. - Die Verbreitung ausserhalb Fennoskan­ diens wird im allgemeinen nur kurz nach der Literatur angegeben. Wo mir aber bisher nicht veröffentlichte Fundortsangaben bekannt waren habe ich diese eingefügt. Das gilt besonders von Schweden, über dessen Turbellarien­ fauna des SÜss- und Brackwassers bisher wenig veröffentlicht wurde und von wo Dr. TOR G. KARLING und Amanuensis HARRY KINNANDER mir zahl­ reiche Originalnotizen mitgeteilt haben. Da diese im Anschluss an die Ver­ breitung in Finnland von Interesse sind wurden sie mitgenommen obgleich dadurch die Behandlung des betreffenden Abschnitts sehr ungleichmässig wurde. Mein Freund und einstiger Schüler Dr TOR G. KARLING (Stockholm) hat sich der grossen Mühe unterzogen das Manuskript durchzulesen und mir viele Verbesserungen und Komplettierungen vorgeschlagen. Er hat sich auch dadurch an der Arbeit beteiligt, dass er die Ausarbeitung in Wort und Bild der Proseriaten-Gattungen Philosyrtis, Pseudosyrtis und Coelogynopora ganz Übernahm und fÜr andere Arten Notizen und Figuren mir Überliess. FÜr diese grosse Hilfe spreche ich ihm meinen wärmsten Dank aus. Ein anderer meiner frÜheren SchÜler, Prof. Dr FLORIANO PAPI (Pisa), übergab mir ebenfalls Notizen und Abbildungen, die in dieser Arbeit zur Verwendung kommen. Auch ihm danke ich hierfür herzlichst. Bei der Beschaffung des Materials konnte ich mich der Mithilfe zahlreicher älterer und jüngerer Kollegen erfreuen. Besonderen Dank schulde ich in dieser Beziehung Dr K. J. PURASJOKI für seine langjährige, tatkräftige Unter­ stützung. 6 A lex. Luther: Die Turbellarien Ostfennoskandiens Herr Kustos Dr E. SCHULZ (Kiel), der im Sommer 1958 die Grundwasser­ fauna des Meeresufers bei Tvärminne studierte, übergab mir die dabei von ihm gefundenen Turbellarien zur Bestimmung und gestattete mir freundlichst dieses Material in vorliegender Arbeit zu berücksichtigen. Während meiner und meiner Arbeitsgenossen KARLING und PAPI Unter­ suchungen in Lappland 1950 hat uns Lic. BIRGER OHLSON aufs tatkräftigste geholfen; ihm und seiner verehrten Gattin sei auch an dieser Stelle mein herz­ licher Dank dargebracht. Ebenso danke ich wärmstens Herrn Dr THORILD BRANDER und seiner Gemahlin für ihre grosse Gastfreundschaft, die es mir ermöglichte die Frühlingsfauna in Urjala, Raikko kennen zu lernen. Dankbarst erwähne ich, dass die Societas Scientiarum Fennica und die Naturwissenschaftliche Kommission des Staates mir Mittel für die mit den Untersuchungen verbundenen Ausgaben bewilligten. Dank diesem Umstand konnte ich zeitweilig einen Privatassistenten für mikrotechnische Zwecke anstellen. Als solche haben Lic.phil. ]OHAN REUTER und Stud. RAINER ROSEN­ GREN gewirkt. Beim Kopieren oder Umzeichnen in Tusche einiger Abbildungen konnte ich mich der geschickten Hilfe von Herrn Kand. phil. VIKING NYSTRÖM erfreuen. Meinem Sohn, Dr HANS LUTHER, der mir beim Lesen der Korrekturbogen behilflich war, danke ich herzlich für seine grosse Mühe. Helsingfors im Mai 1960. Alex. Luther ) FAUNA FENNICA '7 7 PROVINCL\E FLORAE ET FAUNAE FENNOSCANDIAE ORIENTAI,IS, AB = Rcgio aboensis KpOR = Karelia pomorica orientalis Lv = Lapponia Varsugae AL = Alandia Ks = Regio kuusamoensis N = Nylandia IK = Isthmus kareJicus KTO~ = Karelia transonl.'gensis OA = Ostrobottnia australis KA = KareJia austraJis LI:: = Lapponia enontekiensis OB = Ostroboltnia borealis KB = Karelia borealis LI = I,apponia inarensis OK = Ostrobottnia kajanensis KK = Karelia keretina LThI = Lapponia Imandrae OM = Ostrobottnia media KL = KareJia ladogensis LK(EM) = Lapponia kemensis SA = Savonia australis KOL = Karelia olonetsensis LM(UR) = Lapponia murmanica SB = Savonia borealis KON = Karelia onegensis Lp = I,apponia ponojensis ST = Satakunta
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