Chronika Vol6 Full Text.Pdf

Copyright © 2016 by The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology The State University of New York at Buffalo ISSN 2159-9904 (print) ISSN 2159-9912 (online) All rights reserved. No part of this volume may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or stored within a retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher. Editor in Chief Britta Spaulding Associate Editors Ashlee Hart Hannah Quaintance Alexander Mazurek Emeritus Editor Laura Harrison Cover image: Close Helmet with Grotesque Face (Shembartlaufen Visor) from Nuremberg, Germany, c. 1500. Made with painted steel and in the form of a grimacing human. Used in Schembartlaufen, or medieval Shrovetide parades. Image © The Cleveland Museum of Art Photo credit: The Cleveland Museum of Art Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance 1916.1646 This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. Printed in Buffalo, New York by Complemar First published in New York in 2016 Funding for Chronika is provided by: THE GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION THE INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY THE ANTHROPOLOGY GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION THE CLASSICS GRADUATE STUDENT ASSOCIATION Chronika, Volume VI Table of Contents Articles: Space and Identity in Roman Moesia Rethinking Military and Civilian Spheres in a Frontier Province 1 Lina Diers, University of Vienna Between Street Vendors, Singing Slaves, and Envy 15 Sylvain Vanesse, University of Liege The Rise of the Individual in Late Iron Age Southern Britain and Beyond 26 Andy Lamb, University of Leicester Being Roman, Writing Latin? Consumers of Latin inscriptions in Achaia 41 Rachel McCleery, Florida State University Through the Picture Plane: Movement and Transformation in the Garden Room at the Villa ad Gallinas at Prima Porta 58 Kaja J. Tally-Schumacher and Nils Paul Niemeier, Cornell University Insights Into the Function of Ireland’s Souterrains 72 Heather Menz, University at Buffalo Minoan Peak Sanctuaries of East Crete: A Walking Perspective 82 Katerina Glaraki, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens IEMA Travel Grant Reports: Textile Analysis in Northern Finland 93 Erika Ruhl, University at Buffalo An Ottoman Cemetery in Romania: Report of Research Conducted with the IEMA Research and Travel Scholarship 98 Kathryn Grow Allen, University at Buffalo Interview: Interview with Dr. Attila Gyucha, 2015-2016 IEMA Postdoctoral Fellow 105 Ashlee Hart, University at Buffalo Letter from the Editor We are very proud of this edition of Chronika, our sixth volume. It has been a lot of work to strive for the standards set for us by the previous volumes, but it has been entirely worth it in order to have been able to accept, read, edit, and publish outstanding graduate student work from around the world. Many thanks are due to the authors, associate editors, reviewers, and IEMA itself for helping Chronika continue to be a success. We have included several IEMA grant project reports in this volume and I want to especially thank IEMA—and the rest of our generous cosponsors—for continuing to help fund graduate student research and publications. Peer-reviewed graduate journals like this are invaluable resources for graduate students to share their research and ideas, as well as to hone their writing and editing skills. The articles this year come from students from respected university institutions in the United States, Austria, Belgium, England, and Greece. As the third editor-in-chief, I also want to thank Darren Poltorak and Laura Harrison, our former editors, for their invaluable advice and help for this year and volume. I look forward to working on the next installment in 2017 as well and to fostering continued improvements in our reach as a publication and as an editing team. Britta Spaulding Editor in Chief Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Space and Identity in Roman Moesia Space and Identity in Roman Moesia: Rethinking Military and Civilian Spheres in a Frontier Province Lina Diers Defining military and civilian spheres in the Roman province of Moesia is no easy task. Although the province’s numerous military structures along the Danube Limes (fortified but permeable frontier) and in its inland are well-known, there is certainly some confusion when it comes to the embedment of these structures within Moesia’s settlement patterns and particularly their civilian factor. On one hand, epigraphic evidence attests to the common frontier province phenomenon of so-called settlement dualism of canabae (settlement structure featuring soldiers’ families and supply units alongside legionary camps and auxiliary forts) and vici (village/civilian settlement structure ranging between urban and rural character) in all the major legionary camp sites of Moesia. On the other, the state of archaeological research in Moesia does not (or not yet) allow a distinct location or spatial separation of canabae and vici at most sites. Instead, the site conditions rather display surprising degrees of mixing military and civilian administration and living spheres contradicting the concept of settlement dualism. By introducing several examples for this situation, this article discusses if it is useful or even necessary in current modes of post-processual, post/-anti-colonial and identity- oriented discourse in Roman Archaeology to spatially divide military and civilian spheres in clarifying everyday life reality and settlement patterns in Roman Moesia. Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology 1 Lina Diers Introduction area. While the legionary deployments and their consequences at the very beginning The Roman province of Moesia was founded of Roman presence in the Balkans are still in the period between 15 and 45 C.E. and insufficiently known, the picture becomes separated into Moesia Superior and Inferior clearer from the middle of the first century in 86 C.E. It belonged to the Danube C.E. on. Until the separation into Moesia provinces and frontier zones of the Roman Superior and Inferior, the province had Empire. Due to the continuous presence of three legions, garrisoned in Viminacium, Roman military throughout the province’s Oescus and Novae.1 After 86 C.E., Moesia whole history that goes along with this Superior was protected by two legions geographical location within the Empire’s in Singidunum and Viminacium, while borders, Moesia has often been considered Moesia Inferior even had three – at least as a military province. It is believed that until the Marcomannic wars (during the focus within the province clearly lay on Marcus Aurelius’ reign 166-180 C.E.) the fortification of the Danube Limes and – stationed in Novae, Durostorum and the economic exploitation of the province’s Troesmis.2 In addition to these permanent interior, making the label of a military legionary garrisons, an extraordinarily province predominantly tied to the Roman dense occupation of auxiliary forts and army as a dominant factor within Moesia’s watchtower sites can be found both at population and social development. Thus, the Danube Limes and in the province’s the military history of the Middle and Lower interior.3 These were mostly attached to Danube Limes is an elaborately researched the major road connections linking the Figure 1: Indication of 30 possibly urban sites within the research area of Moesia Superior and Inferior. © D. Hagmann/L. Diers, 2014. 2 Chronika Space and Identity in Roman Moesia Danube with the Adriatic and the Eastern use this term: cities), while the canabae still Empire or associated with the numerous existed alongside the camps to serve their mining districts mostly in Moesia Superior various everyday life needs. This conception (Fig. 1).4 has been primarily deduced from ancient sources concerning the public lease system In contrast to the military history, the urban in the Empire. Accordingly, public lease development and characteristics of Moesia and land use was not exclusively allowed cannot be traced back that easily. While on militarily used territory.12 However, larger military institutions like legionary or the evidence from Moesia cannot confirm auxiliary camps are rather easily detectable this generalized concept of settlement with the help of fortifications, towers, dualism and settlement classification, as gates and inner structures of headquarters the following examples will unmistakeably buildings or barracks, the identification of show.13 related settlement structures as military or civilian as well as of settlements without Administrative Status and Spatial Patterns: military presence as urban or rural is Military and Civilian Spheres in Moesian more complicated. Firstly, most Roman Legionary and Urban Centres settlements in Moesia have been massively overbuilt or destroyed in late antique and Viminacium medieval and/or modern times.5 Secondly, criteria for assigning settlement structures Being the capital of Moesia Superior an urban (in contrast to rural) or civilian Viminacium lies at the Danube Limes (in contrast to military) character are not in today’s Serbia, approximately ninety clear at all. Applying general factors of kilometres from Belgrade and close

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