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Index Page numbers appearing in bold refer to figures and page numbers appearing in italic refer to tables. Aardvark 124, 151,291 Alouatta seniculus, see Howler Aardwolf 125 monkeys Acerodon spp., see Flying fox Amazon dwarf squirrel 333 Acinonyx jubatus, see Cheetah American bison 254 Ader's duiker 148, 156 see also European bison; Buffalo see also Duikers American black bear 268, 289 Aepyceros melampus, see Impala see also Black bear Aepyornis 19 American marten 254 Aesthetic values, see Values see also Marten; Wild fur trade African buffalo 120, see also Buffalo American pronghorn antelope 75 African elephant Plates 3, 5, 7, 8, 358-75 Animal welfare xvii, 3-15, 105-6,232, forest elephant 138, 368 246,336,342,345 hunting 124, 150,272 consumptive use 9 problem animals 240, 241 game animals 71 numbers25,26,229,231,252,257 hunting 9-10,160,199-205,223 and sustainable use 53, 55, 236, 239, monitoring 7-14, 236 241 problems 5, 284, 302 see also Asian elephant; CAMPFIRE; snaring and trapping 5, 133, 150 Crop raiding; Economics; standards xvii, 7, 11,236,266,275, Ecotourism; Elephants; Sport 281,307 hunting see also Assessment; Behaviour; African pangolins 290 Captivity; Diseases; Disturbance; African ungulates, see Ungulates Handling; Harassment by African wild dogs 137 humans; Humane methods, of Agouti 333 killing; Injury; Rehabilitation; Agouti paca, see Paca Snares; Stress; Suffering; Trapping; Agriculture 16-27, 347 Values agricultural humans 18-20 Antelope 53, 65-74, 298, 337 agricultural damage, see Crop see also American pronghorn ante­ raiding; Economics; Habitat lope; Roan antelope; Saiga agricultural domestication, see antelope Domestication; Domestic livestock Antilocapra americana, see American Ailurus fulgens, see Red panda pronghorn antelope Alce/aphus buselaphus, see Kongoni Aotus trivirgatus, see Night monkey Alces alces, see Moose Arctic fox 37, 51-2, 201 Alopex lagopus, see Arctic fox see also Foxes; Wild fur trade 396 Index Asian elephant 12, 302-9, 364, 372-3 on giant otters 330, 331 numbers 25 on red deer 208, 219-22 training 302-9 on red foxes 163 see also African elephant; Control, of manipulation of 9, 65-74 problem animals; Crop raiding; problems of pet keeping 351 Domestication; Elephants reaction (flight) distances of wildlife Asiatic black bear 278 75,94,331,335 see also Bear see also Captivity; Disruption; Asses 16, 19, 24, 25 Domestication; Game ranching; see also Domestication Habituation Assessment 13 Beluga whales 381-2 of animal welfare 7-12 see also Whales; Whaling see also Animal welfare Bengal tiger 257, 268, 278 framework for assessment of see also Cats; Tigers sustainable use 6-12, 45-61 Bialowieza Forest 21-2 of habitat 46-7 Bison, see American bison; European see also Habitat bison see also Regulation and monitoring; Bison bison, see American bison; Buffalo Sustainable use; Values Bison bonasus, see European bison Ateles paniscus, see Black spider Black bear 37 monkey see also American black bear; Bear Aurochs 19, 21, 22, 23-4, 26 Black lechwe 138 see also Extinctions Black rhinoceros conservation Plate 1,240,242,268 Baboons, see Yellow baboons hunting of 124,128,130,150 Badgers 30, 37,198,204 live sales 236 see also Honey badger; Wild fur trade numbers 26, 229, 257 Balaena mysticetus, see Bowhead whales and sustainable use 231, 243-4 Balaenoptera musculus, see Blue whales see also CAMPFIRE; Hunting; Balaenoptera acutorostrata, see Minke Poaching; Rhinoceros; Sport whales hunting; White rhinoceros Bassariscus astutus, see Ringtail Black spider monkey 326, 333 Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora, see see also Primates Sokoke bushy-tailed mongoose Blesbok 67, 68, 69, 70-1, 236 Bdeogale spp., see Mongooses Blue whales 102, 107, 109-10,268,272, Beamys hindei, see Lesser pouched rat 273,380-1 Bear see also Whales; Whaling gall bladder 261, 269, 278 Bluebuck 20, 25 products 289 see also Extinctions see also Asiatic black bear; Black Boar20,21,22,23,26 bear; Brown bear; Polar bear; see also Bushpigs; Pigs Sloth bear; Wildlife trade Bobcat 36 Beaver 19-21,28,30-2,35,36,38-9,42, see also Cats; Mexican bob cat 51-2,254 Bohor reedbuck, see Reedbuck see also Wild fur trade Bolivian squirrel 333 Behaviour Bas primigenius, see Aurochs effects of disturbance 10, 335 Bas taurus, see Cattle effects of hunting/harassment/ Bottlenose dolphins 268, 376, 381, harvesting 8-11 383-4,386,389 on capybara 94-5 see also Cetaceans; Dolphins Index 397 Bowhead whales 254, 376, 380-1, 383, Capra aegagrus, C. hircus, see Feral 385 mammals; Goats see also Whales; Whaling Capra ibex, see Ibex Brazilian porcupine 333 Capreolus capreo/us, see Roe deer Brazilian tapir 333 Captivity 9, 24, 34 Breeding potential, see Reproduction; captive breeding 34, 86, 96-8, 269 K-selected species; r-selected capybara 88, 96-8 species cetaceans 379 Brown bear 19, 23, 37 electric fencing 229, 240, 303 see also Bear elephants Plate 7, 302-9, 364 Brown capuchin 326, 333 fencing 65, 71, 213, 220, 242 see also Capuchins; Primates Nile crocodiles 237 Brown four-eyed opossums 322, 323, transport of captive animals 71, 280 326,333 see Capture; Control, of problem see also Opossums animals; Game, ranching; Brown hyaena 291 Ranching; Zoos see also Hyaena Capture 3, 9, 42, 269, 280, 326-7 Bryde's whales 273 of game 71, 236 see also Whales; Whaling holding facilities 9, 236 Buffalo 25, 26, 32, 55, 70, 134, 138, 151, of elephants Plate 3, 302-4, 364 153,155,231,236,241 see a/so Captivity; Ranching; Snares; see also African buffalo; American Trapping bison; Cape buffalo Capuchins 324-5, 331 Bushbuck 17, 124, 150, 151, 155,236 see also Brown capuchin; Primates; Bushmeat, see Hunting White-fronted capuchin Bushpigs147, 150,151,152, 153-5,368 Capybara 8, 88-101, 331, 333 see a/so Crop raiding; Pigs harvesting model 88, 97-8 Bushy-tailed mongoose, see Sokoke life history traits 89, 92 bushy-tailed mongoose see also South American mammals Caribou, see Reindeer Callicebus moloch, see Dusky titi Castor canadensis, C. fiber, see Beaver Camelids 19 Catagonus wagneri, see Chacoan peccary Camels 16, 19,24,25,84 Cats 16, 50, 65, 161,200,257,370 see also Domestication see also Bobcat; Cheetah; Geoffroy's CAMPFIRE 45, 53-6, 57-9, 229-49 cat; Jaguar; Jaguarundi; Leopards; income 54, 234-5, 239-40, 241, Lions; Lynx; Margay; Mexican bob 365 cat; Ocelot; Revised taxonomic see also Elephants; Human well­ guide; Tiger cat; Tigers; Wildcats being; Local people and commu­ Cattle 360 nities; Rhinoceros; Sustainable use domestication 16,19,70 Came/us bactrianus, C. dromedarius, see farming 75, 96, 98, 134, 368 Camels numbers23,24-6,53, 56, 83-4 Canis familiaris, see Dogs see a/so Cattle/wildlife production Canis latrans, see Coyotes systems; Domestic livestock Canis lupus, see Gray wolf; Wolf Cattle/wildlife production systems 9, Canis mesome/as, see Silver-backed 14,53-4,65,68,71-2,98,229, jackal 237-8,242-3,367 Cape buffalo 117, 122, 130-1 Cavia porce//us, see Guinea pigs see also Buffalo Cebus albifrons, see White-fronted Cape pangolin 291 capuchin 398 Index Cebus apella, see Brown capuchin see also Local people and Cephalophus adersi, see Ader's duiker communities Cephalophus jentinki, see Jentinck's Conflict duiker conservation-animal welfare conflict Cephalophus spp., see Duikers 7-8,230 Ceratotherium s. cattani, C. s. simum, see human-animal conflict, see Crop White rhinocerus raiding; Pests Cercopithecus mitis, see Syke's monkey human-human conflict 118, 140-2 Cervus elaphus, see Red deer minimizing conflict 12, 118-19, 140, Cervus nippon, see Sika deer 303 Cetaceans 369, 370, 376-94 Conservancies 229, 240, 243, 367 behavioural effects of disturbance 376 see also Conservation; Protected see also Habituation areas physical damage 376, 389-90 Conservation 3-7, 9-12, Plate 1, 14, see also Injury 42-3,53,59,84,147-59,253,371 sound production and hearing budgets 11, 242, 245 379-81,389 flagship species 314, 329, 355, 371-3, see also Disturbance; Dolphins; and hunting 12, 135, 147-59, Ecotourism; Porpoises; Whales; 160-207,208-25,229--49,359 Whale watching in situ 284 Chacoan peccary 290 and local communities 140 see also Peccary see also Local people and Chamois 18 communities Cheetah 122, 132 programmes 34,117,142,229--49, see also Cats 298-301,314,334--44,345-57, Chinchilla 25 358-75 Chinchilla lanigera, see Chinchilla see also Capybara; Conservancies; Chimpanzees 17-18,343,351-2, Ecotourism; Habitat; Protected 359-60,367,369 areas; Sustainable use; Wildlife see also Primates trade Circuses Plate 7, 352, 364 Consumptive use of wildlife 4-5, 8-9, CITES 9, 11, 84, 239, 246, 259, 266-91, 12,57-8,117-46,229-31,233,236, 349,354,362 244,250-65,282-3,366 listed species 9, 11,36,84,237,283--4, see also Animal welfare; Killing; 289-91,364 Sustainable use see also Revised taxonomic guide; Control Wildlife trade of pests/wildlife 4, 9,16,50-1,182, Coendou prehensilis , see Brazilian 195-6,219 porcupine of problem animals 229, 240-1, Coendou bicolor, see South American 305-6 tree porcupine see also Conflict; Gassing; Humane Collared peccary 331, 333 killing; Killing; Pests; Shooting; see also Peccary Snares Commercial hunting, see Hunting Control avoidance 11, 102, 270, 275-6, Commercialization of wildlife 119, 278,283 140-1,253 see also Law enforcement; Wildlife see also Sustainable use trade Common opossum 322 Control/regulation/management 272, see also Opossums 281,331 Communal wildlife programmes 229 see also Regulation and monitoring Index 399 Cost/benefit analysis, see Optimality Didelphis virginiana, see Common models; Sustainable use opossum; Virginia opossum Coyotes 35, 36,
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  • Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Central Argentina

    Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Central Argentina

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Central Argentina Nicolás Caruso1,2*, Mauro Lucherini1,2, Daniel Fortin3, Emma B. Casanave1,4 1 Grupo de Ecología Comportamental de Mamíferos (GECM), Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3 Département de biologie and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, 4 Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS The role that mammalian carnivores play in ecosystems can be deeply altered by human- driven habitat disturbance. While most carnivore species are negatively affected, the impact Citation: Caruso N, Lucherini M, Fortin D, Casanave of habitat changes is expected to depend on their ecological flexibility. We aimed to identify EB (2016) Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human-Induced Landscape Changes in Central key factors affecting the habitat use by four sympatric carnivore species in landscapes of Argentina. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0150488. doi:10.1371/ central Argentina. Camera trapping surveys were carried out at 49 sites from 2011 to 2013. journal.pone.0150488 Each site was characterized by 12 habitat attributes, including human disturbance and frag- Editor: Nei Moreira, Federal University of Parana mentation. Four landscape gradients were created from Principal Component Analysis and – (UFPR) Campus Palotina, BRAZIL their influence on species-specific habitat use was studied using Generalized Linear Mod- Received: October 27, 2015 els.