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1871 Credit Valley Railway 1883 1871 Credit Valley Railway 1883 Section D: Appendices Appendix A: Historic Time Line 600 Five Iroquois nations form the powerful Confederacy of the Longhouse. 1000 Norsemen arrive from Europe and set up temporary settlements on the northern tip of Newfoundland. At this time, the land that would become Canada supports 300,000 native people. This is almost 500 years before Columbus. Native people of southern Ontario begin to plant and harvest corn. The Thule people - ancestors of the Inuit - migrate east across Artic Canada. 1492 Columbus sails to America. 1497 John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) of Genoa makes two voyages for England to the fishing grounds of Newfoundland. He claims New World territory (either Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island) for King Henry VII of England. 1498 Cabot makes his second voyage across the Atlantic to the Maritimes but is lost at sea 1500 Gaspar de Corte-Real sails around Newfoundland 1508 Thomas Aubert visits Newfoundland 1520 Fagundes sails into the Gulf of St. Lawrence area 1524 Verrazzano for France and Gomes for Spain, Scout the Atlantic seaboard 1527 John Rut in Labrador 1534 Jacques Cartier explores the coast of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick. He lands on the Gaspe Peninsula and claims the land for France. The new colony, eventually called New France, included forts and settlements in what is now the maritimes and Quebec, which were the beginning of cities such as Quebec City (founded 1608) and Montreal. 1535 Jacques Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence to the Native settlements of Stadacona and Hochelaga. He gives Canada its name (from Indian word kanata, meaning village). 1541 Cartier returns to North America with the Sieur de Roberval to found a settlement. They named it Charlesbourg-Royal and it became the first French settlement in North America. 1542 Roberval’s expedition 1576 Martin Frobisher journeys as far as Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, on the first of three voyages in search of the Northwest Passage. 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert visits Newfoundland and claims it for England. 1585 Davis is dispatched to find the Northwest passage to Asia and Davis Strait is named after him 1595 Mercator’s Atlas is published 1598 La Roche’s colony is established on Sable Island 1600 Hakluyt’s Voyages is published 1600 King Henry IV of France awards a Fur trading Monopoly to a group of French merchants. 1602 Waymouth sails into Hudson Strait 1604 Pierre Du Gua de Monts and Samuel Champlain establish a colony in Nova Scotia. Marc Lescarbot starts the first library and first French school of Native people, and in 1606 produces the first play staged in Canada. After Lescarbot returns to France, he writes the first history of Canada. 1605 Port Royal is established in Nova Scotia by the French under Samuel de Champlain. - 1606 First theatrical production in Canada 1608 Samuel de Champlain founds a permanent French colony at Quebec. Quebec City is founded. 1609 Champlain travels with the Algonquins to Lake Champlain where they attack the Iroquois and the French use firearms against the Iroquois. Lippershey invents spectacles 1610 Etienne Brule goes to live among the Huron and eventually becomes the first European to see Lakes Ontario, Huron and Superior. 1610 Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay and is set adrift by a mutinous crew and dies. 1610 Explorer Henry Hudson is set adrift by his mutinous crew in Hudson Bay. 1611 Etienne Brule reaches Lake Nipissing. Henry Hudson cast adrift in James Bay by mutineers. First Jesuits arrive in New France (at Port Royal). 1612 Samuel de Champlain is named the Governor of New France. 1613 Argall attacks St. Sauveur in Acadia. Foundation of St. John’s Newfoundland. 1615 The first Roman Catholic missionaries try to convert Native people to Christianity. Champlain discovers the Great Lakes. The Appendices 1 © 2005-2020 W. Annand 1871 Credit Valley Railway 1883 1615 Europeans first come in contact with Iroquoian and Algonquian-speaking native peoples. 1616 Champlain completes eight years pf exploring, traveling as far as west Georgia Bay. The French and Huron form an alliance. 1617 Louis and Marie Hebert and their children become the first French settlers of farm land in New France. 1621 William Alexander is awarded Nova Scotia by England 1623 Founding of Avalon, Newfoundland 1625 Jesuits arrive in Quebec to begin missionary work among the Indians 1627 War breaks out between England and France The Company of One Hundred Associates is founded, by Cardinal Richelieu, to establish a French Empire in North America. Champlain surrenders Quebec to Kirk brothers from England. (Port La Tour, N.S., is the only part of New France to avoid capture by English.) 1630 The first French schools are founded in Quebec by religious orders. 1631 Foxe explores the Artic looking for the North West passage 1631 Thomas James sails into Hudson Bay and discovers James Bay which is named after him Treaty of Saint-Germainen-Laye returns New France to French 1634 The Huron Nation is reduced by half from European disease (smallpox epidemic, 1639) 1634 Nicolet discovers Lake Michigan 1635 Founding of the French Academy; the Jesuit college at Quebec Champlain dies in Quebec, December 25, aged about 65. 1637 Kirke is named the first governor of Newfoundland 1638 Placentia Newfoundland is founded 1639 Grant of Batiscan; Jesuits found Ste. Marie among the Hurons 1639 The first Ursulines reach Quebec 1640 Discovery of Lake Erie 1642 Ville-Marie (Montreal) is founded by Paul de Maisonneuve. 1643 Three settlers killed in first of countless Iroquois attacks on Ville-Marie on June 9th. 1644 The founding of the Hotel-Dieu in Montreal 1645 The Hotel-Dieu Hospital in Ville-Marie, founded by Jeanne Mance, is completed. 1648 The First Council of New France is held 1649 The Iroquois disperse the Huron nation (1648-49) War between the Huron and Iroquois confederacies leads to the destruction of the Huron nation. The Iroquois begin raids on New France. The Jesuit Father Jean de Brebeuf is martyred by the Iroquois at St-Ignace on March 16th. The Iroquois disperse the Huron nation (1648-49) 1651 Jean de Lauzon is appoint Governor of New 1654 Sedgwick seizes Port Royal 1657 Arrival of the Sulpicians in Canada 1657 Pierre d’Argenson becomes Governor of New France 1658 First girls school in Montreal 1658 Francois de Laval made Apostolic Vicar of New France 1659 Francois de Laval arrives at Quebec as de facto bishop of New France on June 6th 1660 Iroquois attack Dollard des Ormeaux near Carillon, Que. On May 2nd 1661 D’Avaugour becomes the Governor of New France. Radisson and Des Groseilliers explore to Hudson Bay 1662 Thomas Temple is appointed Governor of Nova Scotia 1663 King Louis XIV decides to rebuild New France. He sends a governor and troops to protect the colony, and intendant (Jean Talon) to administer it, and settlers to increase its population. 1665 With New France under the personal control of Louis XIV, Jean Talon arrives at Quebec on September 12th, as first intendant. 1666 Fort Temple is founded as an English stronghold. Carignan-Salieres Regiment leaves Quebec, September 14th, on raids into Iroquois territory that will end Iroquois harassment of New France for 23 years. 1668 English Ketch Nonsuch reaches Rupert River in James Bay on September 29th, where crew will build first Hudson's Bay Company post. 1669 Lake Erie discovered. 1670 On May 2nd, Hudson's Bay Company receives royal charter in London, giving it exclusive trading rights to vast territory drained by rivers the flow into Hudson Bay. The Hudson's Bay Company, Canada's oldest business enterprise, is founded by the British, primarily as a fur trading enterprise (it still exists today as a major Canadian department store chain). 1671 Founding of Fort Albany on the Hudson Bay The Appendices 2 © 2005-2020 W. Annand 1871 Credit Valley Railway 1883 1672 The Hudson Bay Company is charter by King James of England Frontenac becomes the Governor of Quebec Albanel completes an overland trip to Hudson Bay 1673 Moose Factory and Fort Monsoni are founded. Jolliet and Marquette reach the Mississippi. Foundation of Cataraqui (Kingston) On July 12 Frontenac awes restless Iroquois at Kingston, Ontario. 1675 Founding of Fort 1679 Sieur Du Lhut lands at present day Duluth. La Salle sails in Griffon. Griffon lost on return trip. 1680 Founding of the Comedie Francaise 1682 La Salle reaches the mouth of the Mississippi and on April 9th, claims Louisiana for France. La Barre becomes the Governor of Quebec Rene-Robert Cavalier de La Salle reaches the mouth of the Mississippi, and claims for France all the land through which the river and its tributaries flow. 1685 Denonville becomes the Governor of Quebec 1686 John Abraham explores the Churchill River Moose Factory and Rupert fall into French hands 1689 Frontenac begins his second term as vieregal. Abenaki Indians seize Pemaquid Kelsey explores the North for the Hudson Bay Lachine Massacre of August 5th starts new series of Iroquois raids. 1690 Frontenac victorious on October 21st as Sir William Phips lifts four-day siege of Quebec. 1692 Madeleine de Vercheres defends family fort against Iroquois on October 22nd. 1693 The English retake Fort Albany from the French 1694 The Tartuffe affair at Quebec 1694 Iberville seizes York 1696 Iberville’s campaign in Newfoundland 1696 On July 4th, Frontenac and 2,000 men leave Montreal on raid that will permanently end Iroquois harassment of New France. 1697 Callieres becomes the administrator of Canada First settlement at Moncton, New Brunswick Iberville in Pelican wins control of Hudson Bay on September 5th. 1698 Thomas Savery patents his “steam engine” 1699 End of the Iroquois.
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