DOCSLIB.ORG

Bio-Control of Paterson's Curse with Crown and Root Boring Weevils

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bio-Control of Paterson's Curse with Crown and Root Boring Weevils October 2001 Biological control of Paterson's curse LC0144 with crown and root boring weevils ISSN 1329-833X Keith Turnbull Research Institute, Frankston This Landcare Note describes the Paterson’s curse crown Description and root boring weevils, Mogulones spp., and their use in Adults - The crown boring weevil (Figures 1 and 8) is 3.5 biological control of Echium plantagineum. to 4 mm long. It is dark brown and white with a characteristic pattern. The root boring weevil (Figures 2 Common and scientific names and 8) is slightly larger, 4 to 5 mm long, and has a light Paterson’s curse crown weevil, Paterson’s curse crown- brown body covered with fine, pale lines. Both beetles boring weevil have very hard bodies, a long snout (the rostrum), with Mogulones larvatus (Schultze) mouthparts located at the tip, and elbowed, club-shaped antennae that can be folded against the snout. Paterson’s curse root weevil, Paterson’s curse root-boring weevil Mogulones geographicus (Goeze) Family: Curculionidae (weevils) Background Paterson's curse, Echium plantagineum, is a noxious weed of European origin that now occurs in most states of Australia and is mainly a problem in pastures, on roadsides and in degraded and disturbed areas. It reduces agricultural productivity by competing with more nutritious pasture plants and because it is toxic to livestock when ingested continuously. The national program on biological control of Paterson's curse is a cooperative effort involving the CRC for Weed Management Systems, CSIRO Division of Entomology, Figure 1. Adult crown weevil. NRE and government authorities in other States. In the first phase of the program the natural enemies of Paterson's curse were studied in Europe and potential biological control agents were imported to Australia for thorough testing under quarantine conditions. In the second phase, cultures of insects shown to be specific to Paterson's curse were supplied to the States for rearing and release throughout the weed's distribution. Release sites are established with the cooperation of community groups and farmers to enable future collection and redistribution of the insects. Redistribution from release sites and evaluation of the effects of these insects on the weed population is the third phase of the national program. The crown boring weevil and the root boring weevil are Figure 2. Adult root weevil. two European insects that have been released in Australia for the biological control of Paterson's curse. Eggs - M. larvatus eggs are 0.7mm long x 0.4mm wide, oval in shape and yellow. M. geographicus eggs are © State of Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002 Page 1 Biological control of ragwort with the ragwort plume moth LC0144 0.75mm long x 0.25mm wide, oval and white in colour. the soil and form earthen cells in which they pupate. They are laid into the leaf stalks of Paterson’s curse Adults emerge later in spring or early summer, then rosettes. Crown weevil females produce 450 eggs on disperse and feed for several weeks on Paterson’s curse average, while root weevils produce an average of 250 flowers and foliage, before resting in a dormant state eggs. (aestivating) over summer in the leaf litter or soil. Feeding Larvae - up to 6mm long, C-shaped, legless, cream or resumes after rains in autumn and is followed shortly white in colour with a brown head; found inside the root or afterwards by mating and egg laying. the crown of the plant. Larvae have three growth stages (instars). Pupae - about 4 mm long, found in earthen cells in the soil close to the host plant. Figure 5. Shot-holes in leaf blades caused by adult weevils. Figure 3. Eggs are laid into the leaf stalks. Figure 6. Calluses on leaf stalks are caused by adult feeding. Figure 4. Larvae of the root weevil damage the taproot. Life cycle The weevils have one generation per year. Adult crown weevils start feeding and egg laying between February and April after Paterson's curse rosettes have established. Root weevils become active between March and June. Egg laying can continue through winter until October (root weevil) or November (crown weevil). Eggs are laid in leaf stalks, mostly near the crown. Larvae hatch from the eggs after about 1 week and initially feed within the leaf stalk. As they grow they move downwards to mine the crown (M. larvatus), or root (M. geographicus) during autumn and early winter. After feeding is completed in spring, the mature larvae of both species move out of the plant into Figure 7. Black discharge indicates damage to the crown caused by larvae of the crown weevil. © State of Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002 Page 2 Biological control of ragwort with the ragwort plume moth LC0144 Impact Adult weevils can be harvested for redistribution from established sites. In late spring, beat or shake weevils from Larvae damage the crown and root making plants less flowering Paterson's curse onto a hand-held tray. In competitive and reducing their ability to produce seeds. autumn, weevils can be collected from rosettes with "shot Adults chew holes in leaf blades causing "shot hole" holed" leaves. Autumn releases are generally more damage (Figure 5) and also feed on leaf stalks. The plant successful than spring releases. This effect can be may form calluses where the stalks have been attacked compensated for by releasing larger numbers of weevils in (Figure 6). In plants heavily infested with M. larvatus, spring. damage by young larvae is seen as dark lines in leaf stalks, and late larval damage is evident as a black discharge from Other natural enemies of Paterson's the crowns (Figure 7). M. geographicus larvae mine within the taproot. curse The survival and impact of the crown weevil is limited by Four other species of insect which attack Paterson’s curse livestock grazing, especially in autumn. The stock eat the have been released in Victoria. The leaf mining moth, eggs and young larvae along with the plant material they Dialectica scalariella, was first released in 1988 and was consume. well established by 1992. The larvae mine beneath the cuticle of the leaves and can cause premature leaf death. Serious damage only occurs in areas with summer rainfall and the moth contributes little to overall control. The taproot flea beetle, Longitarsus echii, was first released in late 1996 and has established at several sites. Internal damage to the taproot caused by the feeding of mature larvae is the most important impact of this agent. The stem-boring beetle, Phytoecia coerulescens, was first released in December 1998. The larvae mine in the stems and may completely eat them out, but have lesser effect on large, thick-stemmed plants. The flower feeding beetle, Meligethes planiusculus, was also first released in 1998. Adults and larvae feed on the flowers and developing seed and reduce the production of seed. Integrated management Biological control cannot totally eradicate a weed but can Figure 8. Paterson’s curse root weevil (left) and crown weevil (right). reduce the spread and density of infestations. In some cases control is achieved to the level where the weed is no Releases longer of concern and no other control is necessary. More commonly, other methods are still required to achieve the The crown weevil has been released at over 1000 sites in desired level of control. Australia since 1994 and has been redistributed from 1996 onwards. The root boring weevil was first released in early Biological control should not be considered the complete 1996. It has proved to be much harder to rear, so few answer to a Paterson’s curse problem. It should be used in releases have been made. conjunction with other control measures in an integrated management plan. Releases are made with 300 to 500 or more adult M. larvatus and M. geographicus adults in autumn at sites Consult The Paterson’s Curse Management Handbook for with dense populations of Paterson’s curse rosettes. detailed information on integrated management of Paterson’s curse. Release sites should be managed to maximise the chances of insect establishment. Since the survival of the crown Further information weevil is limited by grazing and enhanced by growth of Paterson's curse rosettes in early autumn, the most Consult NREs Landcare Notes, available on the NRE web successful release sites are those without livestock and site or from a Catchment Management Officer in your where rosettes establish early. Release sites can be fenced region. to exclude stock and irrigated to promote rosette growth. LC0173: Paterson’s curse Sites should not be cultivated and no herbicides or LC0155: Biological control of Paterson’s curse with the insecticides should be used in or around them. taproot flea beetle Release site management can include grazing in late LC0159: Biological control of Paterson’s curse with the summer to reduce grass cover and promote germination of stem-boring beetle, and the weed. The weevils are inactive in the soil during this LC0165: Biological control of Paterson’s curse with the period. Irrigation of sites in early autumn to promote flower feeding beetle rosette growth in years when the autumn break is late will help ensure survival of the crown weevil. © State of Victoria, Department of Natural Resources and Environment 2002 Page 3 Biological control of ragwort with the ragwort plume moth LC0144 For further information on the biological control of Acknowledgments Paterson’s curse contact Agriculture Victoria - Frankston, Drafted by Sue Darby, July 1994. Revised and updated by Keith Turnbull Research Institute: Ian Faithfull and Tom Morley September 2000. Ph: (03) 9785 0111 Photographs by CSIRO Division of Entomology (Figures Fax: (03) 9785 2007 1 and 2) and Tom Morley (Figures 3 to 8).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change
    Australia’s Biodiversity and Climate Change A strategic assessment of the vulnerability of Australia’s biodiversity to climate change A report to the Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council commissioned by the Australian Government. Prepared by the Biodiversity and Climate Change Expert Advisory Group: Will Steffen, Andrew A Burbidge, Lesley Hughes, Roger Kitching, David Lindenmayer, Warren Musgrave, Mark Stafford Smith and Patricia A Werner © Commonwealth of Australia 2009 ISBN 978-1-921298-67-7 Published in pre-publication form as a non-printable PDF at www.climatechange.gov.au by the Department of Climate Change. It will be published in hard copy by CSIRO publishing. For more information please email [email protected] This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the: Commonwealth Copyright Administration Attorney-General's Department 3-5 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] Or online at: http://www.ag.gov.au Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for Climate Change and Water and the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts. Citation The book should be cited as: Steffen W, Burbidge AA, Hughes L, Kitching R, Lindenmayer D, Musgrave W, Stafford Smith M and Werner PA (2009) Australia’s biodiversity and climate change: a strategic assessment of the vulnerability of Australia’s biodiversity to climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Paterson's Curse
    Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 Volume 30 Number 4 1989 Article 2 1-1-1989 Biological control of Paterson's curse John Dodd Bill Woods Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4 Part of the Entomology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons Recommended Citation Dodd, John and Woods, Bill (1989) "Biological control of Paterson's curse," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4: Vol. 30 : No. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4/vol30/iss4/2 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Far left: An adult leaf mining moth in a characteristic position on a Paterson's curse leaf. The moth is about 5 mm long, slightly bigger than a mosquito. Left: Paterson 's curse. Biological control of Paterson's curse By Jonathan Dodd, Research Officer, Weed Significance of Paterson's curse Science Branch and Bill Woods, Entomologist, Paterson's curse is a long established weed in South Perth the south-west agricultural areas. It is primar­ ily a weed in pastures where it competes with The long-delayed biological control programme for desirable pasture plants without contributing the weed Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) significantly to forage value. It can be a signifi­ has begun with the release of the leaf mining moth cant contaminant of hay crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Effects of Multiple Climate Change Variables on Trophic Interactions: a Meta-Analysis Adam E Rosenblatt1* and Oswald J Schmitz2
    Rosenblatt and Schmitz Climate Change Responses 2014, 1:8 http://www.climatechangeresponses.com/content/1/1/8 RESEARCH Open Access Interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions: a meta-analysis Adam E Rosenblatt1* and Oswald J Schmitz2 Abstract Background: Climate change is expected to simultaneously alter many of the abiotic qualities of ecosystems as well as biotic interactions, especially trophic interactions. However, research to date has mostly focused on elucidating the effects of single climate change variables on individual species. Here, we use established meta-analysis techniques to synthesize the existing literature on the interactive effects of multiple climate change variables on trophic interactions. Results: Most of the studies included in our meta-analysis examined plant-insect herbivore interactions. We found that the majority of trophic interaction response variables (55%) displayed multiplicative reactions to interacting climate change variables while 36% and 9% displayed antagonistic and synergistic reactions, respectively. We also found that only one of six climate change variable pairings had consistent positive or negative effects on trophic relationships, largely because interaction type and magnitude were both highly context dependent across the pairings. Most notably, males and females frequently responded differently to interacting climate change variables, and the response strength frequently varied with the underlying nutrient load of the system. Conclusions: Our results suggest
    [Show full text]
  • Meligethes Planiusculus (Heer) (Nitidulidae) an Inflorescence-Feeding Beetle, with Good Potential As Biological Control Agent for Echium Plantagineum
    Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings MELIGETHES PLANIUSCULUS (HEER) (NITIDULIDAE) AN INFLORESCENCE-FEEDING BEETLE, WITH GOOD POTENTIAL AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM A.E. Swirepik, A.W. Sheppard and M.J. Smyth CSIRO Division of Entomology, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Summary This paper summarizes the specificity, biol- study in France in 1994. E. terminella was found to be ogy and impact of the inflorescence feeding beetle, unsuitable due to temporal asynchrony and poor affinity Meligethes planiusculus on Echium plantagineum. Lit- for the proposed host. M. planiusculus was found to be erature reviews and host specificity tests have confirmed abundant, potentially damaging and potentially specific that M. planiusculus development is restricted to the (Compton 1988, M. Smyth unpublished data). This pa- genus Echium. Beetle populations were followed in field per summarizes work to date on the biology, host samples of E. plantagineum flowering cymes collected specificity and impact of M. planiusculus on E. throughout the flowering period in southern France. Ovi- plantagineum relevant to biological control. position occurred throughout the season and there was a partial second generation towards the end of the flower- HOST SPECIFICITY ing period. In a controlled experiment, E. plantagineum Meligethes is almost exclusively an old world genus com- plants attacked by M. planiusculus produced 65% less prising approximately 250 species. There are about 125 seed than control plants. These features give M. European species (Schenkling 1913, Easton 1951, 1956, planiusculus good potential as a biological control agent Spornraft 1967, Audisio 1988). More than 97 % of Euro- for E. plantagineum. pean species have host ranges restricted to one or a few closely related genera in a single plant family (Easton INTRODUCTION 1951, 1956, Spornraft 1967, Audisio 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Turkey
    DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.16248 Türk. entomol. bült., 2016, 6(1): 9-14 ISSN 2146-975X Orijinal article (Original araştırma) A new host and natural enemies of Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Turkey Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın yeni konukçu ve doğal düşmanları Cumali ÖZASLAN1* Halil BOLU1 Feza CAN CENGİZ2 Puja RAY3 Summary The study was carried out to determine leaf mining insects species feeding on Echium italicum L. (Boraginaceae) (Italian viper’s bugloss) growing in wheat fields of Edirne and Samsun provinces in 2013. As result of this study, Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) adults were obtained from the samples collected from both provinces. D. scalariella is a first record for insect fauna of Edirne and Samsun provinces. In addition, parasitoids Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Sympiesis sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were obtained from D. scalariella larvae collected from E. italicum in Edirne. Key words: Dialectica scalariella, Echium italicum, natural enemies, host plant, Turkey Özet Bu çalışma, Edirne ve Samsun illerinde buğday üretim alanlarında bulunan İtalyan engerek otu (Echium italicum L.) (Boraginaceae) ile beslenen galeri böceklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2013 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda Edirne ve Samsun illerinden toplanan örneklerden Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın erginleri elde edilmiştir. D. scalariella Edirne ve Samsun illeri böcek faunası için
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control ASSESSING HOST RANGES FOR PARASITOIDS AND PREDATORS USED FOR CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: A GUIDE TO BEST PRACTICE R. G. Van Driesche, T. Murray, and R. Reardon (Eds.) Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2004-03 Department of Service September 2004 Agriculture he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 Tby the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ Cover photo: Syngaster lepidus Brullè—Timothy Paine, University of California, Riverside. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for information only and does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Echium Plantagineum);Lessons from the Programme Usingthe Leaf - Mining Moth (Dialecticsscalariella
    155 Biological control of Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum);lessons from the programme usingthe leaf - mining moth (Dialecticsscalariella). J. Dodd Department of Agriculture, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia Summary The leaf- mining moth (Dialecticascalariella)was released throughout southern Australia in 1988 forthe biological control of Paterson's curse(Echium plantagineum).In Western Australia, surveys indicated that the agentsuffered high mortality during the first winter and summer, which suggested thatit had poor prospects of survival in the State's mediterranean-type climate. By late 1991, however, it was widespread with aregional distribution that extended far beyond the original releasesites. The discovery of D. scalariella at supposedly unsuccessful releasesites showed that it had either migrated from establishedpopulations elsewhere or had been present but undetectable during early surveys. Studies of the moth's impact on its hostrevealed no reduction in plant growth or seed production. The findingssuggest that i) an agent's early patterns of establishment mightbe poor predictors of its eventual distribution; ii) several years'monitoring are required before an agent's distribution and impact canbe assessed fully; iii)D. scalariella is efficient at locatingits host; iv) D. scalariella does not reduce seed productionin E. plantagineum, despite causing noticeable damage. Introduction A full scale biological control programmeagainst Paterson's curse(Echium plantagineum L.:EHIPL)began in 1988 with the widespread release oflarge numbersof the leaf- mining moth Dialectica scalariella (Zeller), one of a suite of agentsproposed for biological control of this weed (1). In Western Australia, favourable results from experimental releases of D.scalariella led to release of 145,000 moths at 220 sitesthroughout the south -west of the State between May and August 1989.Establishment was poor and by October 1989 the moth was detected at only35% of sites (2).
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturzusammenstellung Aus Der Zentralen Literaturdatenbank
    Klimawandel – Schmetterlinge Literaturzusammenstellung aus der zentralen Literaturdatenbank des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz "DNL-online" – Stand: 15.05.2020 – Hinweise Veröffentlichungsjahre der Publikationen: 1991-2020 Anzahl der Zitate: 186 Suchstrategie: Schlagworte: Klimaänderung u Schmetterlinge Sortierung: chronologisch absteigend 1. Signatur: BfN e-Zss Godefroid, M.; Meurisse, N.; Groenen, F.; Kerdelhué, C.; Rossi, J.-P. Current and future distribution of the invasive oak processionary moth. - Seite 523-534 (pdf: 12 Seiten) : Abb.; Lit.. - Online-Ausgabe. In: Biological Invasions. - 22 (2020), Heft 2, Seite 523-534 (pdf: 12 Seiten) DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02108-4 2. Signatur: BfN e-Zss Collins, N. M.; Barkham, Patrick J.; Blencowe, Michael; Brazil, Andrew; Kelly, Andrea; Oldfield, Sara; Strudwick, Tim; Vane-Wright, Richard I.; Stewart, Alan J. Ecology and conservation of the British Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio machaon britannicus : old ques- tions, new challenges and potential opportunities. - Seite 1-9 (pdf: 9 Seiten) : Abb.; Lit.. - Online- Ausgabe. In: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - 13 (2020), Heft 1, Seite 1-9 (pdf: 9 Seiten) DOI: 10.1111/icad.12371 3. Signatur: BfN e-Zss Martin, Youri; Dyck, Hans van; Legendre, Pierre; Settele, Josef; Schweiger, Oliver; Harpke, Alexander; Wiemers, Martin; Ameztegui, Aitor; Titeux, Nicolas A novel tool to assess the effect of intraspecific spatial niche variation on species distribution shifts un- der climate change. - Seite 590-602 (pdf: 13 Seiten) : Abb.; Tab.; Lit.. - Online-Ausgabe. In: Global Ecology and Biogeography : A Journal of Macroecology. - 29 (2020), Heft 3, Seite 590-602 (pdf: 13 Seiten) DOI: 10.1111/geb.13036 4. Signatur: BONN Zss; LEIP Zss Dolek, Matthias; Freese-Hager, Anja; Georgi, Maria; Poschlod, Peter; Stettmer, Christian Der Hochmoorgelbling (Colias palaeno) - das Mikroklima der Larvallebensräume ist entscheidend für sein Überleben.
    [Show full text]
  • Jumping the Garden Fence
    Jumping the Garden Fence Invasive garden plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts A CSIRO report for WWF-Australia by R.H. Groves CSIRO Plant Industry Robert Boden Robert Boden & Associates W.M. Lonsdale CSIRO Entomology February 2005 Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia © WWF-Australia 2005. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 1 875941 84 3 Authors: Richard Groves, Robert Boden and Mark Lonsdale WWF-Australia Head Office Level 13, 235 Jones St Ultimo NSW 2007 Tel: +612 9281 5515 Fax: +612 9281 1060 www.wwf.org.au Published in February 2005 by WWF-Australia. Any reproduction in full or part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. First published in February 2005 For bibliographic purposes this paper should be cited as: Groves, R.H., Boden, R. & Lonsdale, W.M. 2005. Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. WWF-Australia, Sydney. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of WWF. For copies of this report, please contact WWF-Australia at [email protected] or call 1800 032 551. World Wide Fund for Nature ABN: 57 001 594 074 Acknowledgments. We thank Andreas Glanznig for initiating the project and commenting throughout the gestation of this report. Dave Albrecht (Alice Springs), George Batianoff (Qld), Kate Blood (Vic), Geoff Butler and Geoff Price (ACT), David Cooke (SA), John Hosking (NSW), Greg Keighery (WA), Andrew Mitchell (NT Top End) and Tim Rudman (Tas) gave their time and experience to nominate the most important garden plants that were still for sale in their respective jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Plant Management in Complex Social Landscapes: a Case Study in Coastal New South Wales in Australia Mohammed Jahangir Alam University of Wollongong
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2012 Invasive plant management in complex social landscapes: a case study in coastal New South Wales in Australia Mohammed Jahangir Alam University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Alam, Mohammed Jahangir, Invasive plant management in complex social landscapes: a case study in coastal New South Wales in Australia, Master of Science thesis, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2012. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3703 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, University of Wollongong Invasive plant management in complex social landscapes: a case study in coastal New South Wales in Australia Mohammed Jahangir Alam BSc. (H) in Forestry & Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong, Bangladesh Master of Professional Accounting University of Wollongong, Australia This thesis is submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong MARCH, 2012 Thesis certification I, Mohammed J. Alam, declare that this thesis, submitted as part of the requirements for the award of Master of Science, in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. This document has not been submitted for any qualifications at any other academic institution. Mohammed Alam March, 2012 ii Abstract Climate change, landowner diversity, human socio-cultural and political attitudes, the biological and ecological characteristics of invasive plants and the nature of the communities they invade are the major drivers of plant invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity
    IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR AUSTRALIA’S NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Implications of climate change for Australia’s National Reserve System: A preliminary assessment Michael Dunlop and Peter R. Brown CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Report to the Department of Climate Change, and the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts March 2008 Published by the Department of Climate Change ISBN: 978-1-921297-73-1 © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth, available from the Department of Climate Change. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Assistant Secretary Adaptation and Science Branch Department of Climate Change GPO Box 854 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Important Notice – please read This document is produced for general information only and does not represent a statement of the policy of the Australian Government. The Australian Government and all persons acting for the Government preparing this report accept no liability for the accuracy of or inferences from the material contained in this publication, or for any action as a result of any person’s or group’s interpretations, deductions, conclusions or actions in relying on this material. CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Project
    Final Technical Report Award: DE-FG02-06ER64232 Recipient: The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Project title: Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 on insect-mediated ecosystem processes in a northern deciduous forest Project PI: Richard L. Lindroth Date: Nov. 20, 2011 Project dates: July 1, 2006 – June 30, 2009, with no-cost extension through December 2010 Distribution limitation notices None Executive summary Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O3 are altering the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Herbivorous insects are the major consumers in temperate deciduous forests, with the capacity to dramatically alter tree growth (via outbreaks), forest community composition and ecosystem dynamics (e.g., nutrient cycling). Until recently, however, experimental quantification of the impacts of CO2 and O3 on canopy herbivore communities and rates of defoliation and nutrient flux has not been addressed. This research, conducted at the Aspen FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) facility in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A., evaluated the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and O3 on 1) the abundance and diversity of forest canopy insect communities, and 2) rates of insect herbivory and transfer of material (leaf greenfall and insect frass) from the canopy to the forest floor. Results of studies of individual insects revealed that elevated CO2 and O3 influence the performance of individual species of damaging insect pests, but the magnitude of impact is influenced by both insect species and their host tree species. Censuses of canopy insects showed that some species were positively affected, some negatively affected, and some not affected by elevated CO2 and O3.
    [Show full text]