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Modoc NF Noxious Weeds Project

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Modoc NF Noxious Weeds Project United States Noxious Weed Treatment Project Department of Agriculture Forest Service Final Environmental Impact Statement – Pacific Volume 1 Southwest Region Volume 1 R5-MB-167A Modoc National Forest August 2008 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Data Accuracy—The Forest Service uses the most current and complete data available. GIS data and product accuracy may vary. They may be developed from sources of differing accuracy, accurate only at certain scales, based on modeling or interpretation, incomplete while being created revised, etc. Using GIS products for purposes other than those for which they were created may yield inaccurate or misleading results. The Forest Service reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace GIS products without notification. For more information, contact: Modoc National Forest 800 West 12th Street Alturas, California 96101 530-233-8840 If a map contains contours, these contours were generated and filtered using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) files. Any contours generated from DEMs using a scale of less than 1:100,000 will lead to less reliable results and should only be used for display purposes only. Printed on recycled paper August 2008 Modoc National Forest Noxious Weed Treatment Project Final Environmental Impact Statement Lassen, Modoc, and Siskiyou Counties, California Lead Agency: Forest Service, Department of Agriculture Responsible Official: Stanley G. Sylva, Forest Supervisor, 530-233-8700 Address: Modoc National Forest, 800 West 12th Street, Alturas, CA 96101 For Information Contact: Robert Haggard 530-233-8840 Abstract The Modoc National Forest proposes to reduce, control, or eliminate noxious weeds on 1.6 million acres of National Forest land. The proposed project would treat weed infestations—present and future—on all four Ranger Districts and the South Warner Wilderness. The need for the project is to eradicate, reduce, or slow the spread of invasive, non-native populations of weeds on the Forest. The alternatives analyzed in this final EIS are as follows: Alternative 1: The No-Action Alternative—no change from current management practices. Alternative 2: The Proposed Action—hand-pulling, directed-spray application of herbicides, and combinations of the two methods. Alternative 3: Hand-pulling, no herbicide application, and very limited treatment of rhizomatous weed species. Alternative 4: Alternative 2, plus an Early Detection – Rapid Response strategy. Alternative 5: Use of hand-pulling, limited mechanical treatments, limited and controlled grazing, application of tarps, and no herbicide treatments. Use of an Early Detection – Rapid Response strategy for new sites and new weed species; limited treatment of small infestations of rhizomatous weed species. The Forest would not treat sites with over 50 plants because we cannot insure removal of all roots. Alternative 6: The expanded non-herbicide treatments of Alternative 5, plus limited directed-spray applications of herbicides and herbicide mixtures on no more than 522 of the 6,908 infested acres. Modoc National Forest Noxious Weed Treatment Project Environmental Impact Statement Summary The Modoc National Forest proposes to reduce, control, or eliminate noxious weed infestations on 6,908 acres at 541 specific locations throughout the forest. The area affected by the proposal includes National Forest System lands managed by the Modoc National Forest (Modoc NF) in Modoc, Lassen, and Siskiyou counties, California. Proposed Action – Alternative 2 The Proposed Action would initiate annual treatments of noxious weeds on a series of infestations ranging from an estimated low of 300 acres per year to a projected high of 1,500 acres per year (depending on annual budgets) scattered throughout the forest. The various methods analyzed under an integrated weed management approach are physical +, cultural, (throughout the EIS physical, mechanical, and cultural treatments are referred to as physical +) and limited use of herbicides. Wilderness and research natural areas would not be treated with herbicides. There would be no aerial application of herbicides by either fixed-wing or rotary aircraft. In addition, there would be no aquatic applications of herbicides. If approved, project operations would begin in 2008 and would continue for the next 5 years, barring any significant environmental changes. The Proposed Action calls for the reduction in noxious weed sites, reduction in the area covered by noxious weeds, or the eradication or control of 14 specific noxious weed species in 541 locations, covering approximately 6,908 acres. The estimated five-year discounted cost for the implementation of Alternative 2 in 2006 dollars is $1,393,760. The total discounted cost for the life of the Alternative is the same, as Alternative 2 is proposed with a five-year life span. These figures are an approximation, and are intended to allow for comparison of the Alternatives. No adjustment was made to allow for the effects of inflation on the cost of implementation, as it occurs in future years. The estimated cost is $243 per acre. Purpose and Need The purpose of this project is to economically implement those portions of the Modoc National Forest Noxious Weed Management Strategy and action plan that call for implementation of a program to reduce, control, or eliminate noxious weed infestations on 6,908 acres at 541 sites for 14 identified weed species. The eradication and control of these plants would meet the need and requirement of the forest to promote the ecosystem health of forested and rangeland habitats by eliminating or reducing noxious weed competition with native forbs and grass species, and ultimately preventing the loss of wildlife habitat. It is important to eradicate and control these plants with minimal disturbance to the soil and native and desirable non-native species to maintain habitat, prevent erosion, and prevent damage to the soil profile. Failure to reduce, control, or eradicate these small infestations at this time would mean the spread of these weeds would continue. The spread of noxious weeds on the Modoc National Forest may lead to noxious weeds out-competing desirable native plant species and thus altering native plant communities. The continued spread of these noxious weed species increases the adverse impacts to humans, wildlife, livestock, and native plant communities. Issues Issues are defined as disputes or disagreements with the Proposed Action based on its anticipated effects. Disputes or disagreements can result from differing perceptions of the existing conditions, or of the anticipated effects of the Proposed Action. These differing perceptions can result from Summary i Modoc National Forest Noxious Weed Treatment Project Environmental Impact Statement different levels of knowledge regarding scientific or factual evidence, or differing interpretations of the same scientific or factual evidence based on perceiver values. The significant issues listed below led the agency to develop Alternatives to the Proposed Action. Issue 1 The use of herbicides for invasive-weed control may cause health problems for people who are exposed to the herbicides and treated areas. Although federal and state licensing and certification requirements for herbicide use build in strict safety features before use, some people have reservations about the use of these products. While many believe limited use of herbicides does not pose a significant threat to human health, there are those who believe that if an Alternative is selected that authorizes the use of herbicides, there is a potential that health problems could surface. Issue 2 The proposed application of herbicides for weed control may affect the ability of Native Americans and others to collect plants for traditional uses or medicinal reasons in specific areas. As with issue 1 above, this concern relates to potential human health problems that may be caused with the application of herbicides. In addition, herbicides may kill specific plants that are collected and used for medicinal or traditional purposes. Issue 3 An Alternative is needed to respond to the need to evaluate an aggressive approach using additional treatment methods and adaptive management for treating more acres annually over a ten-year period to control and eradicate noxious weeds. The Proposed Action is seen as too limited and ineffective. Issue 4 The proposed application of herbicides for weed control has the potential to harm the physical and biological resources of the forest. The use of herbicides has the potential to adversely affect the soil and water resources and therefore may harm humans, animals, and native
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