Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(6): 700-705

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(6): 700-705 Inventory of subfamily (: © 2016 JEZS Received: 03-09-2016 ) from Sikkim Accepted: 04-10-2016

Jagbir Singh Kirti Jagbir Singh Kirti, Navneet Singh and Harsimran Singh Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, Abstract Inventory of of subfamily Pyraustinae (Crambidae) from state of Sikkim is presented. A total of 12 localities were surveyed in the year 2013 and 2014. As many as 70 referable to 48 genera were Navneet Singh collected. 35 new records for the state are documented. The list of the species along with first reference, Zoological Survey of India, material examined with locality and male/female is given in the manuscript. Gangetic Plains Regional Centre, Patna, Punjab, India Keywords: Inventory, Pyraustinae, Crambidae, lepidoptera, Sikkim, Eastern Himalayas

Harsimran Singh Department of Zoology and Introduction Environmental Sciences, Punjabi are the most diverse and wide spread of all known organisms. There are as many as University, Patiala, Punjab, 1,070,781 species of insects comprising 80% of all known species. Class Insecta India with more than one million described species represents 66% or two thirds of all known and described species [29]. Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) is third most diverse [25, 26] order in class Insecta. There are a total of 15,578 genera divided into 1, 57, 424 species . Moths and butterflies are very rich in numbers such that new descriptions and updates on their synonymy exceed more 800 species per year [25]. There are 15,576 described species under the superfamily . Crambidae is one of the most important family of this group. As many as 9655 species referable to 1020 genera are known in family Crambidae [27]. The subfamily

Pyraustinae (sensu lato) is numerically not only the largest subfamily of moths in family Crambidae but also in superfamily Pyraloidea. Moths of this sub-family are of immense economic as well ecological importance as they are associated with agricultural, ornamental and forest plantation. In India there are more than 60,000 species [1] and about 15,000 Lepidopterous species [1] , approximately harboring 10% of global Lepidopterous fauna. First ever record of subfamily Pyraustinae (then placed under family ) from Sikkim was published by Snellen and Elwes [28]. In this publication authors gave a record of 253 species belonging to family Pyralidae with more 150 of them belonging to subfamily Pyraustinae. First consolidated systematic work from Indian sub-continent on subfamily Pyraustinae (under family Pyralidae) [5] [5-24] is by Hampson . Hampson in the same and subsequent publications gave a record of 441 species referable to 91 genera from India, with more or less than half the species from state of Sikkim. Chandra [1] mentioned 303 species belonging to 116 genera for superfamily Pyraloidea (Pyralidae and Crambidae together) from Sikkim. This manuscript presents a record of 70 species referable to 48 genera with 35 new records from the state of Sikkim.

Area of Study State of Sikkim is nested in Eastern Himalayas sub region of Oriental region, Eastern Himalayas comprise entire state of Sikkim along with Bhutan covering entire Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Nagaland. Sikkim has one of highest percentage of forest cover as [2] [2] compared to any other state of India . According to Forest Survey of India forest cover of Sikkim can be broadly divided into 16 major types of forests constituting eight major types of vegetation and foliage where majority of its biodiversity occurs. Intensive and extensive Correspondence collection cum survey tours were conducted to the state of Sikkim. Tours were conducted in Harsimran Singh year 2013 and 2014 in pre-monsoon (April-May) and post-monsoon (September-October) Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi period of the year. The localities covered along with lat long data and altitude is given in Table University, Patiala, Punjab, 1. India ~ 700 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Table 1: List of localities where surveys were conducted with crocopteralis Hampson, 1899 altitude. Botyodes crocopteralis Hampson, 1899 Rev. of Moths Subfam

1 Chatten 27˚29́ N 88˚36́ E 2700 m amsl Pyraustinae, Pyralidae: 710. 2 Chungthang 27˚36´N 88˚38´ E 1650 m amsl Material examined- Golitar, Sikkim: Golitar, 7.ix.13- 1 ♀, 3 Deorali 27˚19´N 88˚36´ E 1800 m amsl 8.ix.13- 1♂ 4 Dodak 27˚10´N 88˚10´ E 1750 m amsl Distribution- Sikkim. 5 Dzangu 27˚30´N 88˚26´ E 860 m amsl 6 Gangtok 27˚20´N 88˚36´ E 2000 m amsl Botyodes principalis Leech, 1889 7 Golitar 27˚23´N 88˚39´ E 2100 m amsl Botyodes principalis Leech, 1889 The Entomologist, London 8 Lachung 27˚41´N 88˚44´ E 2700 m amsl 22(310):62-71. 9 Mangan 27˚29´N 88˚32´ E 1100 m amsl Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 1♂ 10 Meli 27˚05´N 88˚27´ E 265 m amsl Distribution- Japan, Khasi Hills. 11 Ribdi 27˚10´N 88˚05´ E 1900 m amsl Remarks- First record for Sikkim. 12 Yuksom 27˚22´N 88˚13´ E 1800 m amsl Ceratarcha umbrosa Swinhoe, 1894 Material and Methods Ceratarcha umbrosa Swinhoe, 1894 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. The moths were collected with help of both vertical sheets His, Zoo, Bot. and Geo, London (6)14:197-210. and light trap fitted both in plains and hilly areas during night Material examined- Yuksom 16.ix.13- 1♂. [3] time . The collected moths were killed with the help of ethyl Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Nagaland. acetate vapours. The complete pinning and stretching of the collected specimens was done in the field. Dried specimens Charitoprepes lubricosa Warren, 1896 were shifted to fumigated insect boxes with label carrying Charitoprepes lubricosa Warren, 1896 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. pertinent information about locality, date of collection and His., Zoo. Bot. and Geo., London (6)16:136. altitude. The identification of collected specimens was done Material examined- Chungthang, 11.iv.13- 3♂♂ [4-24] with help of relevant literature . Distribution- Khasi Hills. Remarks- First record for Sikkim. Results and Discussion A total of as many as 70 species belonging to 48 genera were Cydalima laticostalis (Guenée, 1854) found during the surveys. The list of the species along with Margarodes laticostalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. original name, first reference and material examined with In: Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des locality along male/female is given. Remarks for the status of Lépidoptères: 303. species have also been given. Previous distribution status of Material examined- Deorali, 18.x.14- 1♂, Gangtok, 5.x.14- [5] the species is followed as according to Hampson (1896) . In 2♂♂, 2♀♀. this study planned systematic surveys were conducted and Distribution- India, , Burma, Bay Islands, Sunda distribution of species has been updated. Islands.

Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel, 1833) evaxalis (Walker, 1859) Botys cataluanalis Duponchel, 1833 Hist. Nat. Lépid. Pap. Botys evaxalis Walker, 1859 List Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of France, Paris 8(2):5-402. Brit. Mus., London 17:995. Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13, 2♂♂ Material examined- Dzangu, 29.iv.14- 2♂♂. Distribution- Old World tropics. Distribution- Bhutan, Khasis, Ceylon, Sumatra. Remarks- First confirmed record from Sikkim. Remarks- First record for Sikkim.

Argio Glypta eurytusalis (Walker, 1859) Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854) Glyphodes eurytusalis Walker, 1859 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll Astura punctiferalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: of Brit Mus, London 17:503. Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Material examined-Dodak, 25.iv.14- 1♂. Lépidoptères: 314. Distribution- Khasi Hills, Nilgiri Hills, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 2♂♂. Loyalty Islands Distribution- Oriental and Australian region. Remarks- First record from Sikkim. afralis Walker, 1859 Guenée, 1854 Daulia afralis Walker, 1859 List Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Botyodes asialis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: Brit. Mus., London 19:975. Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Material examined- Chungthang, 11.iv.13- 3♂♂, 2♀♀. Lépidoptères: 321. Distribution- Bhutan, Nilgiris, Burma, Borneo Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 2♂♂, Mangan, 24.iv.13- Remarks- First record for Sikkim. 1♂, 1 ♀. Distribution- Baluchistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo Dysallacta negatalis (Walker, 1859) Remarks – Type species of the Botyodes Guenée, 1854. Phalangiodes negatalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Mus., London 18:468. Botyodes caldusalis (Walker, 1859) Material examined- Deorali, 20.iv.14-2♀♀. Botys caldusalis Walker, 1859 List Spec Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Burma and Australia. Brit. Mus., London 17:650. Material examined- Mangan, 10.ix.13 - 1♂, 1 ♀ Endocrossis flavibasalis (Moore, 1867) Distribution- Sikkim, Assam, Burma. Botys flavibasalis Moore, 1867 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. of

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Zoo. Soc. of London: 96. coenostolalis (Snellen, 1890) Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂. Botys coenostolalis Snellen, 1890 Trans.of the Ent. Soc., Distribution- Sikkim, Assam, Bengal, Burma, Sumatra, New London: 582. Guinea. Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂ Remarks- Type species of the genus Endocrossis Meyrick. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Nilgiris, Shan States.

Filodes fulvidorsalis (Geyer, 1832) Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787) Pinacia fulvidorsalis Geyer, 1832 Zuträge zur Sammlung, Phalaena vitrata Fabricius, 1787 Christ. Gottl. Proft, 1(1):15. Hafniae: 215. Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 4♂♂. Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, Dzangu, Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Bay Islands, Sunda 29.iv.14- 4♀♀, Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, Gangtok, 5.x.14- Islands. 2♀♀ Remarks – Type species of the genus Filodes Guenée. Distribution- Cosmopolitan.

Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854 Meroctena tullalis (Walker, 1859) Glyphodes bivitralis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: Botys tullalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Mus., London 18: 649. Lépidoptères: 293. Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 2♂♂ Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- 3♂♂. Distribution- Sikhim, Assam, Nilgiris, Ceylon, Burma, Pulo Distribution- Sikkim, Formosa, Assam, West and South India, Laut, Java, Amboina. Ceylon, Burma, Bay Islands, Borneo. citrinalis Warren, 1892 Glyphodes caesalis Walker, 1859 Nascia citrinalis Warren, 1892 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. His., Glyphodes caesalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Zoo., Bot. and Geo., Brit. Mus., London 18:499. London (6)9:302. Material examined- Golitar, 22.iv.14- 2♂♂, 2♀♀. Material examined- Dodak, 25.iv.14- 2♂♂. Distribution- Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Burma, Andaman Islands. Distribution- Dharmshala. Remarks- First record for Sikkim. Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859 Glyphodes canthusalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Neadeloides cinerealis (Moore, 1867) Brit. Mus., London 19: 505. Hoterodes cinerealis Moore, 1867 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. Material examined- Deorali, 20.iv.14-1♀. of Zoo. Soc. of London: 94. Distribution- Sikkim, Formosa, Assam, West and South India, Material examined- Golitar, 19.ix.14- 1♂. Ceylon, Burma, Bay Islands, Borneo. Distribution- Sikkim. Remarks- Collected from type locality. Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854 Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: procopia (Stoll, 1781) Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Botys procopia Stoll, 1781 Papillons exotiques, des trois Lépidoptères: 293. parties du monde: 152. Material examined- Deorali, 20.iv.14-2♀♀, 2♂♂. Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13- 2♂♂ Distribution- Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Sri Lanka, Pulo Laut, Distribution- India, Ceylon, Burma, Java, Ambiona. Borneo, Australia. Remarks- Type species of the genus Glyphodes Guenée, Nosophora semitritalis (Lederer, 1863) 1854. Analthes semitritalis Lederer, 1863 Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7:407. Heortia vitessoides (Moore, 1885) Material examined- Yuksom 16.ix.13- 2♀♀. Tyspana vitessoides Moore, 1885 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. Distribution-Sikkim, Pulo Laut, Ambiona. of Zoo. Soc. of London: 256. Material examined- Dodak 25.iv.14- 1♀. Notarcha derogata (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution- Hong Kong, Sikkim, Sibsagar (Assam). Phalaena derogata Fabricius, 1775 Systema Entomologicae: 641. Herpetogramma rudis (Warren, 1892) Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.13-2 ♂♂. Acharana rudis Warren, 1892 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. His., Distribution- India, Africa, Australia. Zoo., Bot. and Geo., London (6)9:435. Omiodes decisalis (Walker, 1866) Material examined- Gangtok 6.ix.13- 2♀♀ Botys decisalis Walker, 1866 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Distribution- Japan, China, India, Africa, Sri Lanka, Java. Mus., London 34:1451. Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- 2♀♀ Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Guenée, 1854) Distribution- Sierra Leone, Japan, Sikkim, Khasis, Nagas, Botys phaeopteralis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: Ceylon, Pegu, Shan States, Borneo, Java, Flores. Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptères: 349. Omiodes similis (Moore, 1885) Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- 2♀♀, Golitar, 7.ix.13- Acharana similis Moore, 1885 Asiatic Society of Bengal, 3: 2♂♂ 286. Distribution- Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental regions. Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- 2♀♀

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Distribution- Sierra Leone, Japan, Sikkim, Khasis, Nagas, Pleuroptya quadrimaculalis (Kollar and Redtenbacher, 1844) Ceylon, Pegu, Shan States, Borneo, Java, Flores. Pleuroptya quadrimaculalis Kollar and Redtenbacher, 1844 Hallbergersche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart. 4(2):492. Omphisa anastomosalis (Guenée, 1854) Material examined- Golitar, 19.ix.14- 1♂. Pinoea anastomosalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. Distribution- Japan, North West Himalaya, Sikkim, Khasis, In: Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Borneo. Lépidoptères: 373-374. Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- ♀ Pleuroptya ruralis (Scopoli, 1763) Distribution- China, Sikhim, Khasis, Nilgiris, Ceylon, Burma, Phalaena ruralis Scopoli, 1763 Entomologia Carniolica, Andamans, Java, Duke of York Island. Vienna 1763:242. Material examined- Deorali, 18.x.14- 2♂♂. salvalis Walker, 1859 Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Burma, Java, Celebes. Pagyda salvalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Mus., London 17:487. Poliobotys ablactalis (Walker, 1859) Material examined- Gangtok, 5.x.14- 2♀♀ Botys ablactalis Walker, 1859. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Mus., Distribution- Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo. London 18:660. Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 1♂, 1♀ Palpita unionalis (Hübner, 1796) Distribution- India (including Andaman Islands), Sri Lanka, Pyralis unionalis Hübner, 1796 Sammlung Europäischer Bhutan. Schmetterlinge, 6:209. Remarks- Type species of the genus Poliobotys Shaffer & Material examined- Gangtok, 5.x.14- 3♂♂. Munroe. Distribution- Europe, Africa, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Australia. Polythipta macralis Lederer, 1863 Polythipta macralis Lederer, 1863 Wiener Entomologische Parotis marginata (Hampson, 1893) Monatschrift 7:389. Cenocnemis marginata Hampson, 1893 The Macrolepid. Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂. Heterocera of Ceylon, 1893: 169. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Nilgiris, Sri Lanka, Material examined- Dzangu, 29.iv.14- 1♂ Tenasserim, Ambiona. Distribution- Sikhim, Cachar, Ganjam, Calcutta, Travancore, Ceylon, Nicobars, Solomons. Polythlipta cerealis Lederer, 1863 Polythlipta cerealis Lederer, 1863 Wiener Entomologische Parotis pomonalis (Guenée, 1854) Monatschrift 7:389. Margarodes pomonalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. Material examined- Golitar, 7.ix.13- 2♀♀. In: Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Distribution- North West and Eastern Himalayas, Khasi Hills. Lépidoptères: 309. Remarks- First confirmed record from Sikkim. Material examined- Dzangu, 29.iv.14- 2♂♂. Distribution- China, Sikhim, Bombay Presidency, Ceylon, Polythlipta ossealis Lederer, 1863 Sumbawa. Polythlipta ossealis Lederer, 1863 Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7:389. Parotis psittacalis Hübner, 1831 Material examined- Golitar, 22.iv.14- 1♂. Parotis psittacalis Hübner, 1831 Sammlung Europäischer Distribution- Sikkim, Bhutan, Khasi Hills, Sumatra, Schmetterlinge, 1831:30. Ambiona. Material examined- Golitar, 22.iv.14- 2♂♂ Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo, Sulawesi, Polythlipta peragrata Moore, 1888 Australia. Polythlipta peragrata Moore, 1888 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. of Zoo. Soc. of London: 216. Patania concatenalis (Walker, 1866) Material examined- Golitar, 22.iv.14- 2♂♂. Botys concatenalis Walker, 1866 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Distribution- Sikkim. Brit. Mus., London 34:1408. Remarks- Collected from type locality. Material examined- Deorali, 19.iv.14- 2♂♂ Distribution- Sikkim, Darjeeling. Prorodes mimica Swinhoe, 1894 Prorodes mimica Swinhoe, 1894 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. His., Patania verecunda (Warren, 1896) Zoo., Bot. and Geo., London (6)14(81):205. Loxoscia verecunda Warren, 1896 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13- 1♂. His., Zoo., Bot. and Geo., London (6)16:167. Distribution- Khasi Hills, Nagas, Tenasserim. Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13- 2♂♂. Remarks- First record for Sikkim. Distribution- North West Himalayas, Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Niligiris, Khasis; Sri Lanka. Pycnarmon alboflavalis (Moore, 1888) Conogethes alboflavalis Moore, 1888 Asiatic Society of Pitama hermesalis (Walker, 1859) Bengal., 1888:220. Botys hermesalis Walker, 1859 Spec. Lepid. Ins. Coll. of Brit. Material examined- Gangtok, 5.x.14- 2♂♂. Mus., London 18:516. Distribution- Sikkim, Andaman Islands. Material examined- Golitar, 19.ix.14- 1♂. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Borneo. Pycnarmon caberalis (Guenée, 1854) Phalaena caberalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In:

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Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des Mus., London: 652. Lépidoptères: 284. Material examined- Dzangu, 29.iv.14- 1♂, 2♀♀. Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13- 2♂♂, Golitar, 19.ix.14- Distribution- Formosa, Sikkim, Assam, Niligiris, Andaman 1♂. Islands, Ceylon, Burma. Distribution- China, Formosa, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo. Syllepte iophanes (Meyrick, 1894) Botys iophanes Meyrick, 1894 Trans.of the Ent. Soc., London, Pygospila tyres (Cramer, 1780) 2:462. Phalaena tyres Cramer, 1780 Papillons exotiques, des trois Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.13-2 ♂♂. parties du monde., 1780:124 Distribution- Indonesia, India, Java. Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 2♂♂, 2♀♀ Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Java. Syllepte sellalis (Guenée, 1854) Remarks- Type species of the genus Pygospila Guenée, 1854. Botys sellalis Guenée, 1854 Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In: Boisduval, Hist. Nat. des Insectes. Species Général des punctimarginalis Hampson, 1896 Lépidoptères: 330. Pyrausta punctimarginalis Hampson, 1896 Fauna of British Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, Gangtok, India, London, 4:438. 5.x.14- 2♀♀. Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, 1♀. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Andaman Islands, Perak, Distribution- Sikkim, Celebes. Ternate, Burma.

Rehimena phrynealis (Walker, 1859) Synclera traducalis (Zeller, 1852) Botys phrynealis Walker, 1859 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll of Eudioptis traducalis Zeller, 1852 Lepid. Microptera, Brit Mus, London 17:630. Kungliga Svenska Veten. Handlingar, Uppsala & Stockholm Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, Gangtok, 40(3): 54. 5.x.14- 2♀♀ Material examined- Mangan, 24.iv.14- 2♂♂, 1♀ Distribution- India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo. Distribution- S. America, S. Africa, Aden, Syria, Palestine, India, Ceylon, and Burma. Rhagoba octomaculalis (Moore, 1867) Remarks- Type species of the genus Synclera Lederer. Filodes octomaculalis Moore, 1867 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. of Zoo. Soc. of London: 95. Tetridia vinacealis (Moore, 1877) Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 3♂♂, 2♀♀. Botys vinacealis Moore, 1877 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. of Distribution- Khasi Hills, Sikkim. Zoo. Soc. of London: 619. Remarks- Type locality very close to Sikkim i.e. Darjeeling. Material examined- Gangtok, 5.x.14- 3♂♂, 1♀. Type species of the genus. Distribution- Sikhim, Khasis, Sibsagar, Sri Lanka, Burma, Borneo, Celebes. Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852) Botys cancellalis Zeller, 1852 Lepid. Microptera, Kungliga Tyspanodes flaviventer Warren, 1891 Svenska Veten. Handlingar, Uppsala & Stockholm 40(3):34. Tyspanodes flaviventer Warren, 1891 Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Material examined- Golitar, 8.ix.13- 4♂♂, Mangan, 24.iv.13- His., Zoo, Bot. and Geo, London, 6(7):425. 2 ♂♂; Chungthang, 11.iv.13- 3♂♂ Material examined- Golitar, 19.ix.14- 2♂♂, 1♀. Distribution- Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Burma. Distribution- Sikkim Remarks- Collected from type locality. Sisyrophora pfeifferae (Lederer, 1863) Sisyrophora pfeifferae (Lederer, 1863) Wiener Tyspanodes linealis (Moore, 1867) Entomologische Monatschrift 7:399. Propaches linealis Moore, 1867 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. of Material examined- Gangtok, 6.ix.13- 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Golitar, Zoo. Soc. of London: 625. 19.ix.14- 1♂. Material examined- Golitar, 27.ix.14- 1♂. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Karen Hills, Singapore, Distribution- Dharmashala, Sikkim, Ceylon Sumatra. Tyspanodes nigrolinealis (Moore, 1867) Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775) Filodes nigrolinealis Moore, 1867 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. Bus. Phalaena recurvalis Fabricius, 1775 Systema entomologicae, Of Zoo. Soc. of London: 95. 1775: 664. Material examined- Golitar, 19.ix.14- 2♂♂. Material examined- Deorali, 20.iv.14-2♀♀, 2♂♂, Dodak, Distribution- Sikkim. 25.iv.14- 2♂♂, 1♀Dzangu, 29.iv.14- 1♂, 2♀♀. Remarks- Collected from type locality. Distribution- Africa, Oriental region. Ulopeza idyalis (Walker, 1859) Syllepte gastralis (Walker, 1866) Botys idyalis Walker, 1859 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll of Brit Glyphodes gastralis Walker, 1866 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll of Mus., London: 996. Brit Mus., London, 1356. Material examined- Chaten, 17.v.13- 2♀♀ Material examined- Chungthang, 11.iv.13- 2♂♂. Distribution- Sikkim, Khasi Hills, Nagaland, Bombay, Distribution- Dharmshala, Sikkim, Khasi Hills. Nilgiris, Sri Lanka, Pulo Laut, Sulawesi.

Syllepte iopasalis (Walker, 1859) Uncobotyodes patulalis (Walker, 1866) Botys iopasalis Walker, 1859 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll of Brit Botys patulalis Walker, 1866 List Spec Lepid Ins Coll of Brit

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Mus., London 34:1405. Natural History of London. 1913a; (8):509-530. Material examined- Golitar, 12.ix.14- 3♂♂, 1♀. 16. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae Distribution- Dharamshala, Sikkim, Khasis. of the subfamily Pyraustinae Annual Magazine of Natural Remarks- Type species of the genus Uncobotyodes Kirti and History of London. 1912d; 2(8):433-444. Rose. 17. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Talanga sexpunctalis (Moore, 1877) Natural History of London. 1912e; 2(8):625-633. Oligostoma sexpunctalis Moore, 1877 Proc. Gen. Meet. Sci. 18. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae Bus. Of Zoo. Soc. of London: 617. of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Material examined- Yuksom 16.ix.13- 2♀♀, 2♂♂. Natural History of London. 19l2f; 10(8):11-20. Distribution- India, Borneo, Celebes, New Britain, New 19. Hampson GF. Descriptions of the subfamily Pyraustinae Hebrides. Annual Magazine of Natural History of London. 1918; 2:125-136, 252-262, 265-280, 181-196, 393-407. Acknowledgements 20. Hampson GF. Moths of India. Supplementary paper to Authors are thankful to Sikkim Forest Department for their the volumes on the Fauna of British India. Series II. Parts kind permission to conduct the study. Help by forest VIII, IX and X. Journal of Bombay Natural History department staff is duly acknowledged. Authors are deeply Society. 1903; 15:19-37, 206-226, 657-659. thankful to Mr Rahul Ranjan and Mr Harvinder Singh for 21. Hampson GF. Moths of India. Supplementary paper to their help in conducting tours, collection and identification. the volumes on the Fauna of British India. Series III Part Head of the Department of Zoology and Environmental III. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 1906; Sciences is acknowledged for providing necessary facilities. 12:164-183, 447-522. 22. Hampson GF. Moths of India. Supplementary paper to References the volumes on the Fauna of British India. Series III Parts 1. Chandra K. Insect Diversity of Sikkim, India. Biodiversity X and XI. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. of Sikkim-Exploring and Conserving a Hotspot (Edited 1908; 18:257-271, 572-585. by M.L. Arrawatia & Sandeep Tambe). Published by 23. Hampson GF. Moths of India. Supplementary paper to Information & Public Relations Dept. Govt. of Sikkim. the volumes on the Fauna of British India. Series IV. Part 2011, 181-206. I. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 1910; 2. Forest Survey of India Report on Sikkim: 2013. 20:83-125. Published online. 24. Hampson GF. Moths of India. Supplementary paper to 3. Fry R, Waring P. A guide to traps and there use. the volumes in the Fauna of British India. Series IV. Part Amateur Entomologists Society. 1996; (1):1-60. V. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 1912; 4. Guenée MA. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species 21:411-446, 878-911, 1222-1272. Général des Lépidoptères. Roret, Paris, 1854. 25. Kristensen NP, Scoble MJ, Karsholt O. Lepidoptera 5. Hampson GF. Fauna of British India, Moths. London, phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. 1896, IV. moth and butterfly diversity. Zootaxa 2007; 1668:699- 6. Hampson GF. A revision of the moths of subfamily 747. Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Part 2, Proceedings of 26. Nieukerken EJ, van Kaila L, Kitching IJ, Kristensen NP, Zoological Society of London. 1898; 1898:590-761. Lees DC, Minet J et al. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 7. Hampson GF. A revision of the moths of subfamily, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Pyraustinae and family Pyralidae. Proceedings of outline to higher-level classification and survey of Zoological Society of London, 1899, 172-291. taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 2011; 3148:212-221. 8. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the 27. Nuss, M, Landry London, Mally R, Vegliante F, subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Natural Tränkner A, Bauer F et al. Global Information System on History of London. 1917; 22(8):369-384. Pyraloidea. - www.pyraloidea.org 9. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae 28. Snellen P, Elwes HJ. Pyralidina of Sikkim. Transactions of subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Natural of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1890; History of London.1913b; 12(8):1-38. 38:557-647. 10. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae 29. Zhang ZQ. Phylum Arthropoda. Zootaxa 2013; of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of 3703(1):17-26. Natural History of London. 1912b; 2(8):321-336. 11. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine Natural History of London. 1912a; 2(8):149-174. 12. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine Natural History of London. 1912a; 2(8):242-269. 13. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Natural History of London. 1912c; 12(8):557-573. 14. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of Natural History of London. 1913; 8:322-342. 15. Hampson GF. Descriptions of new species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Pyraustinae. Annual Magazine of

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