MYSORE GAZETTEER l\IIYSORE GAZETTEER

C0:\1PILED FOR GOVERNMENT

VOLUME· V

GAZETTEER

EDITED BY

C. HAY A VADANA RAO, BA., B.L,

Ftllow, Univ~nity o/ Mysore, Editor, Mywre Ec.onom/c Journal, Bangolore.

NEW EDITION

\ "lALORE: PRINTED A'\~ 'OVERNMENT PRESS . PREFACE

This ''ulume, which forms Volume V of the Mysore Gazettu.t, i!l, as its nam~ indicates, devoted to Gazetteer proper o£ the ~tate. It contains accounts of each of the Eight Districts fuming it. Many Offirers and Departmental bends helped in providing tbe necessary material or in revisiug the dra!ts of the eeveral sections sPnt to them. Spcdal o.ckn<~wlt~dgments are due to the following :-The late Mr. B. Venkoba Rao, D..A., De.fJuty Commi~sioner, Dangalvre District; 1\fr. A. V. Rama· na~han, B.A., Deputy Commis!>ioner, Mysoro District; Mr • .A. K. Byed Taj Peeran, B. .A., Deputy Commissioner, District; :1\lr. K. V. .Anantarnman, B.A., Deputy Commis· ~ioner, Tumkur District; S. Yenkatarangam, B.A., Deputy Corumis~ioncr, ; Mr. B. T. Kesaviengnr, ll.A., Deputy Curr,missioner, Shimoga. Diiltrict; Mr. H. V. Rama· swami, 1\J.A., B.L., Deputy Commissioner, Kad~r District; Mr. D. Srinivasa Iyengar, B.A., Deputy Commissioner, Chi· ta!Jrug District; 1\Jr. P. II. Krishna. Rao, M.A., Personal Assistant to the Deputy Commissionf'r, :My:;oro District; ~ir. A. l\I. Stn, .M.Sc., :M.I.III.E., F.G.S., • Dcvuty Director, Department of Geology and 1\Jines; Dr. L. C. Coleman, M.A., rh.D., Director of Agriculture ; 1\fr. C. Seshuchar, 1\f.A., Meteorological Reporter to Government; 1\fr. John Bhore, A.M.I.C.E., Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government in the Public Works Department; Mr. P. G. D'Souza, Revenue Commissioner in Mysore; 1\Ir. K. Matthan, B.A., formerly Director of.Public Instruction in Mysore, and now Member of Council; Mr. A. Srinivasaraghavachar, B.A., B.IJ., Registrar, Chitf Court of Mysorc; C. Ranganatha Rao Saheb, B.A., B.L., Director of Industries und Commerce ; N. .Madhava Rao, B.A., Chief Secretary to Government; Mr. D. Sriuivasa P.au, D.A., Superiawndent,' Revenue Survey and Settlement i Mr. B. V. Ramaicngar, Chief Conservator of Foresta in MyMore; Dr. B. Mahomed Usman, L.M.S., Senior Surgeon uuQ. Sanitary Commissioner in Mysore; Mr. T. Govinda Rao, Commissioner, Baugalore City Municipality; Khan Bahadur Mahomed Abbas Khan, PresiU.P.nt, City l\funicipality; Mr. C'. 8." KuHuswarui Iyengar, President, City Municipality and Y. G'R. 'V'Ol.. V, a 1\IYSORE BY DISTRICTS.

GE~ERAL PLAN. PAGES l. Bua.&to:ax DrsTlliCT .... 1-242 2. Kou 'R DTIITJUCT 243- 378 3. TuMKUR DrFTR.Ie> 379- 559 4. liYSORE DISTIUC'I 560- 874 6. HASSAN DtSTJUCT -· 870-1068 6 KADT'IR DISTRTCT .... 1069-1202 7. SaaJoo.& DISTRICT 1203-1352 B. CHJTALDRl.iG DISTRICT •• 1353-1473 9. INDEX 1475-1496 TABLE OF CO~!E~""TS.

BA..'\GA.LORE DISTRICT.

SECTIO~ 1.-DESCRIPTIYE.

Sxn•ATIOY, .-\REA AXD 11ot"XDA.lilts. rACR Situation 1 An· a 1 Boundaries 1

Pln'£I<.;AL ASPECT3. Ge'!leral Description of t'!:.e Colilltry •• 2 Hcight.:s of Principa.l MountJ.ins anll Hills 2

GEOLOGY. RCich 3 Dui!tling :li&.teria.ls Road ~Ictal •4 ~r.in.:s an•l ~l.inerals­ i. .\ 8 ii . .A venues 8 iii. Topes 9 iv. Ornan.ental tree! 9 v. nedgr::s .. !) vi

PAGI: (c) Crops: i. Dry Crops ·w ii. Wet Crops 10 ill. Their principsl varieties 11 iv. Garden Produce 11 (d) Horticulture 12

(i) Wild AnimaLt­ Birds Fi!!h (iil Domestic Animll.ls­ Horses 15 Bullocb 15 Cow" 16 Sheep.and Goats 16 Poultry 11

CLDU.TX AND RA.lsi'ALL. Climate l7 Temperature 17 Rain!!ill 21 Rainfall at Bangalore 2-1

TllB PEoru. Distribution­ !. Number 24 2. lknsity 25 3. Inter~nsal variationa ... 25 4. By Religion 26 Towui and Village~r-- 1. Town.s 26 2. Villages 27 Stock and. Dwellings- 1. .Agricultural St

CAsTEs AND OccUPATIONS. Castes .. '33. Occupations 33

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. The Roman Catholic Mission •• 34 The Wesleyan Mission 35 The London 1\!ission 36

SECTION II.-HISTORY AND ARCH.&':OLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. Legendary Period 36 Gangas 37 Palla vas 38 Riishtrakiita11 38 Cholas 38 Hoysalas 39 Yli.davas 40 Vijayanagar •. 40 lvati-Nii.d Prabhus 41 Jagadeva Raya 45 Invasion .. 46 Mysore Rajas .49 B.-ARCH&OLOGY.

SECTION Ill-ECONOMIC.

GENERAL AORICULTURAL CONDITIONS. Prevailing SoiL! and Crops • • • , 52 PAGE Chief Agricultural Statistic11 and Principal Crops. Cultivable Area and Area Cropped 52 Number and Extent of Holdings 53 Holders according to revenue paid M

AGRICULTURAL LOANS. Kinds of loans granted, etc., between the years 1920-21 · and 1924·25 55

!RRIGATION. Major and Minor Tanb, et~.. 55 Major and Minor Tanks restored 56 Government Tllnks according to revenue li6 Tanks with revenue of and over Rs. 6,000 57

FoRESTS. MINli:s AND QuA.aB.IEs.

INDUSTRIES. Arts and lffanujactures. Important Mills and other concerns 61 Rural Industries 61 Arts- Toys and .1\lusicu.l Instrument!!. 61 Brass and Copper .Works 61 Weaving Industry •• 61 0)4 " 61

CoMMERCE AND TIU.DE. Exports and Imports ..62-63 Marts .. .. 64

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. Railways 64 Roads 64 Dak BungaloVfs,. Musafirk4anas, etc., 6G F.un:NEs. PAGE SECTION IV'.-ADMINISTRATIVE.

DIVlSIO:-

JUDICIAL. Civil Justice 67 Criminal J u~tice- ('ity ~fagistrate, Bangalore 67 Sperial I Grade Magistrate, Bangalore 63 Special II Grade Magistrate, Bangalore 68 Special II Grade Magistrate, Closepet 68 Ten Bt:nchcs of Magistrates 6S Village Courts 69

LAND RJ::VENUE. Demand, Collection and Balance of Land Revenue in the District for Five Years from 1920-21 to 1924-25. 69

lliSCELLANEO'CS REVENUE. Demand, C.ollection and Balance of :Miscellaneous Revenue in the District for S(!ven Years from 1918-19 to 1~24.-25 69

LocAL ..&.ND Mt.TNicil'..U. Bo..&.JU>s. Local and Municipal Boards­ i. Village P1mchayets 70 ii. Tu.luk Boards 70 iii. District Boards 70 Receipts and Expenditure n Municipalities 71

POLICE AND JAILS. Police 72 Jailll 73 PAOB' EDUCATIO~. Numher of Schools and Scholar!! 14 Inspecting Officers 74

MEDICAL.

VACCI.NATlO:"oi.

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. Agara, also Agram .• .. 76 Aiganda pura 77 Aisamipalya 78 _<\.lsur (Ull:!oor) see Halasur 78 Anekal 78 Aradesahalli 85 Arkavati ~5 Avati 86 Baichapura 88 Bairnn dorga 88 Banahalli 89 Bangalore 89 . City 93 Buildings in the City 100 The Lal-Bagh 101 The Pettah and Fort in 1794 103 Taking of Bangalore in 1791 104 The European Cemeteries 107 .Baaavangudi Temple 108 Bangalore City Municipality 108 Population 111 Density •• 111 Improvements effected 112 Description of the City .. 112 The extensions 112 City's climatic and Horticultural feature& 113 Water Supply 114 Meters 115 xi

PAGE Electric Power : Street lighting llo Rates for Electric Lighting 116 l\f ete r hire 116 Rates for Power for Industrial purposes 116 ~Iedical Institutions 117 Education 118 Xotable places of Interest 120 Municipal Finances 122 (C"i,·il and l\lilitary Station), Bangalore 124 Bannergb.a tt.a 143 BasaYapatna 14-4 Begur 144 Belaguma 145 Bellandur 145, Binnamangala 146 Channapatna or Ch~nnapatna 147 Chikka Tabgali 152 , Clo,;ep~t 153 Da~anpura 151 Dasarahalli 154 DP-vanballi, 1M Dod-Ballapur 161 DouJur 168 Dum!Jlasanura 169 Gangavara 169 Gavipur 169 Halasur 170 Haragadde 170 Hasigala 171 Heggunda 171 Hessarghatta 172 Hinniginal 172 Honganur 173 Ho~altalli 173 Hos1:ute 173 Huliadurg 180 Hulibl 182 Huskur 183 PAOli Jalige 184: Jig ani 184 Jodi!Iauganahalli 184 Kalya .18! . Kambal11 186 Kankanhalli 186 Koramangala 189 Kotigenhalli 190 Kempasaga.ra 100 Kengeri· lr.l Khaji-Hosa.halli 1!.12 Kodige TirU1I1.8.lnpura 192 Kodi1alli H'2 Konda.rhalli 193 Kudalur 194 Kundani 19! Kul'peraly 19! 193 .Makli 202 :Malurpatna 202 1\fankunda 203 l\fanuc 203 Mangondahalli 20i :Mayo.sandra 20·1 · :.Mika.raj.ma-betta 204: Nagamo.Iigala 205 Nagasandra 205 Nanda.gudi 205 Nellimangala · 206 Nellurpatna 210 Niduvanda. 210 Nijagal · ' 210 Nijgal Hill 210 Pennar (st!e PinakiniJ 212 Pinakini 212 Ramagiri 212 Sankigatta 214 Sarjapnr ... 215 Sa.tanur 217 xiii

PA.GE Sausmond 217 Sa \'o.ncl urga 218 Sh'aganga 223 Siv11giri 232 Solur 232 Sugganhalli 232 Sulibele 233 Tirumalc 233 Tl"ltagere 23-1 Tpmngondal 235 Utbradurg 235 Vndigenhn.ili 237·. Vo.gata. 238 Van:J.kanho.lli 239 Varar:ayakanhalli 239 Vasanta pru 239 Whitefield 240 Yelabanka 242 :riv

KOLAR DISTRICT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

Srru.&TION, Aau AND Botr!I"DA.IUES.

Situation Are& Boundariee

PRYStOAL ASPECTS.

GEOLOGY.

Rocks 24~ · Dykes 2!6 Laterite 246 Mines and Minerals­ Gold and Silver 246 Corundum 2-17 Graphit~ 2!7 Kaolin· 24:7. ManganiferoUll Limestone 247 Soils . 247

BOTANY• • Vegetation 248 Arboriculture 248 Crops 248

FAUNA. Wild Animals 2!9 Birds 249 Fish 249 Domestic Animals 249 PAGE. CI.nl:ATE AND RAINFALL. Climate 200 Temperature 250 Rainfall 251 Rainfall at Kolar 254

Tim PEOPLE. Population 254 Density ·' 254 By Religion 255 Inter-Censal Variations 255 Towns and Villages­ Towns 256 Villages 256 Stock and Dwellings- Stock · · 257 Dwellings 257 Festivals, etc., .. 257 Vital Statistics and Diseases 258

CASTES AND OccuPATION. Castes 258 Occupation 259

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. TLe Roman Catholic 1\fusion 259 The Wesleyan Mission ••. 259 The London Miesion 259

SECTION H.-HISTORY AND ARCH&OLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. Legendary Ptlriod 260 ~fahavalis 260 Gangas 260 Palla vas 262 PAC I 26~ Vaidumbas 1 C'hola.s 262 Hovsalas :::!63 Vij~yanagar 2G3 Modern I.ocal Rulers 263 Bijapur Incursions •• 265 Sha.hji and His Successor 265 Moghnl Conquest, J689 265 £.at~r History 265 Malia Bair" Gaud a •• 261l

B.-ARClLEOLOOY.

SECTION lli.-ECONOl!IC.

GENERAL AGRICULTUllAL CoNDmo~s. Soil • • 263 CBIE11' AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS AND PRlNCIFAL CROPS. Holding1:1 • • 269

AGRICULTURAL LOANS.

WIGATION. Major Tanks .. 271 Minor Tanks 271 Important Tanks 271 River Channels 272 Wells 272

FoRESTS.

MINES AND QUARRIES.

A:ars AND INDUSTRIES. General 273 Gold Mining Industry 273 :rvn

UGZ Industries in the f\everal taluks 273 Silk Indu~try 275 Gold Jewellery 275 Srone-ware idols 276 ::\flillufacture of Jaggory 276 Big Concerns .-. 276 Tobacco ~anufacturing Companies 276 Saw !\!ill 276 Tanneries 276

COMMUCJ:: AND TlU..DB. Exports and Imports 278 Mart!l 279

lliANS o:r CoMMU:t."'CATION. Railways 280 Roads 280 Provincial Roads 280 District Fund Roads 281 Accommodation fwr Travellers 282 Famines 282

SECTION IV.-ADMINISTRATIVE.

DIVISIONS.

JUDICIAL. Ci vii Courts 284 Criminal f'..ourts 284

LAND REVENUE.

MI!;CELLANEOUS REVENUE.

LocAL AND Mr::..'lCIPAL BoARDS. District Funds 285 Municipal Boards 287 M. GR. VOL, V. b rviii

PAGE Municipalities 287 Village Pancbayets 287

PoLicE AND JAILS. Police 288 Loc~·ups 288

EDUCATION. Number of Schools and Scholars 288 Inspecting Officers •• 288

MEDICAL.

VACCINATION.

SECTION V.-GAZET'I'EER. Agalguriki 291 292 Ambajidurga 292 Anakanur 292 Avani 292 Ba.gepalli Taluk 295 Bagepalli or :&geraba.lli 297 Bellur 2~8 Betamangala 298 Bowringpet 300 Brahmagirl or Yargkonda 302 · 302 Chennakeshava~betta or Cl1ennarayu.n-betta 303 Chenna.rayapura · •• 303 Chik~Ballapur .• 303 Chikka-kadatur 310 Chintamani 310 Nekkundi .. 312 Chitravati 313 Dibbagiri 313 Dod~K.adatur 313 Dod-Sivara 313 :rix

PAGE Dukkala-konda or Dongala-konda 314 Elnburige 314 Garudanapalya. 314 Goribidnur 315 Gudib:mda 319 GurnanayakanJ~lya 3~0 Hariharesvara-betta 322 Htlb

PAGE Rangasthala 363 Sada.li 365 Sidlaghatta 365 Siti 368 Siti-betta 371 Sivarapa.tna 372 .. 372 Sugatur. 374 Teka.l .• 375 Tcruhalli ,. 376 377 Toranha.lli 377 Uriga.m-see Ooregum 377' Vanarasi 378 Virupaksha pur a 378 Vrishabhavati 378 :x:xi

TUMKUR DISTRICT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

SITUATioN. AREA· AND BouNDARIES.

:PAGE Situation 879 Area 379 Boundaries 379

Pl!YSICAL ASPECT».

GEOLOGY. Rocks . 381 :Mines and Minerals 383 Soils 385

BoTANY. Vegetation 385 Ar boriculture­ Avenues 389 Village Forests 389 Crops 389 Horticulture 300

FAUNA. Wild and Domestic AnimnJs 390.

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. Climates 391 Rainfall 391 Rainfall l!.t Tumkur 394 . x:x:ii

THE PEOPLE. PAGE Distribution- .. (a) Number 395 (b) Density 395 Inter-Cenllal VariAtions 395 By Religion · 396 Occupation 3!:.16 Towns and Villages­ Towns 396 Villages 397 Stock and Dwellings­ Stock 397. Dwellings 397 Festivals, etc. 397 Weekly fairs 399 Vital Statistics 400

c.uiTES AND OccUPATIONS. Castes 400 Occupations 401

CDRISTIA.N MISSIONS. The Wesleyan Mission •. 401

SECTION H.-HISTORY AND ARCH&OLOGY.

A.-HisTORY. Legendary Period 402 Gangas 402 Nolambas • • 403 Hoysalaa . . 403 Chalukyas 404 Vijayana.gar Empire : Local Chiefs •• 405 Bijiipur 407 Mugbals 408 Mysore Rajas 409 B.-AROJLEOLOGY. XXlll

SECTION m.-ECOXO:liiC.

GE~"ERAL AGRICULTURAL CoxnmoNs. PAGJ: Soil 410

CHIEF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS AXD PRINCIPAL CRoPS.

AGRICULTURAL LOANS.

IRRIGATION.

EXPENDITURE ON IRRIGATION.

FoREsTs. Timber, Fuel and :Minor Fotest Produce 419 Sar.dalwood 420 Quantity of Forest Produce .-. 420 Revenue from Forest Produce 420

ARTS A-'i'D .M.&NtrFACTURES. Tumkur Taluk 421' Mad.hugiri Taluk 42i Koratagere Sub-Taluk 421 Sira Taluk 421 Pavagada Taluk 421 Chiknavakanhalli Ta.luk 421 Tuluk 422 Tiptur Taluk 422 Turuvekere Sub-Taluk 422 Kunigal Taluk 422 Large indUBtrial establishments in the Dliltrict 422 Rural Industries 423

CoMMERCE AND TRADE. Export a 424 Imports 433 Marts 44:2 xxiv

i'AGli: MEANS OJ!' Co.&UrHJ.NICATION. ·Railways 443 Roads 443 (a) Provincial Roads 443 (b) District Fund Roads 443 Inspection Lodges 445

FAMDIE • • SECTION IV.-ADlUNISTRATIVE.

' DIVISIONS.

JUDICIAL. Civil Justice 447 Criminal J nstice 447

LAND REVENUE.

MiscELLANEous REVENUE.

LocAL AsD Mu!~."ICIPAL BoARDs District Board 449 Taluk Boards 449 Union Panchayeta 450 Municipal Boards 4M

POLICR AND JAILS. Police Jails

EDt'CATION. Number of Schools and Scl•olnrs 457 Inspecting Officers •• • 457 1\IEDICAL. lnstitutions •• 458 XXV

.PAGE Stafi 458 Number of patients treated 459 Col't . . 45!:1

VACCINATION.

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. Agh;;rara 459 Alburu 460 Amritur 460 Arakankatte 461 Aralagu]Jpe i61 Becbirakh Rangapura 462 Bella vi 462 Benakankere 462 Bbangaranayakana. betta 462 Bhasma.ngi 463 Borankanve Lake 463 Chcnnara yadurga. 463 Chiknayakanballi 464 Dabbegatta 469 Devarayadurga. 469 Dodde-Bidnre 471 Dodda-Dala. va tta 472 Dore-Gudda 472 Dummanballi 472 Edeyur 473 ElalJadu 474 Elusuttinkote 475 Garudacha.la 475 Gonitumkur 475 Gubbi •'• 475 Gunda.lhalli .480 Hagalvadi 481 Hale-Itakalota 4Rl Hanchiballi 482 Reb bur 482 lleggere 4£3 xxvi

PAGE Hola vanhalli 485 Honna valli 486 Honnebagi 486 486 487 487 489 Hutridurga 490 Jaya.mangali 491 Ka.daba 491 Ka.dasur 493 Ka.idala · 494 Kandikere 4 96 · Karikal-Gudda 496 Kondavatti 496 Koratagere Taluk 4£6 Koratigere (Town) • • 497 Kottagere 498 Kuduvatti 499 Kundar or Kumadvati 499 Kuniga.l 500 Maddagiri, ori~ally Madhugiri 005 Maddagiri-Dur~a, originally Madhugiri-Durga. 510 1\Iallekavu .. .. • • .. oll Maralur 511 Ma.rule 512 Mayasandra 512 Midagesi 512 Muga.nii.yakankote • • 514 Na.galapura 514 Nagehalli 517 Navilkurki 517 Nidugal · 517 523 Nonavinkere 524 Pinakini, Northern • . 525 Oderhalli 525 Pankajanhalli 526 Pavagada 527 XXVli

.PAGE Rampura. 532 Rane!MI\Il.lUdra 532 Sampigt> 532 Settikert> 532 Sihi 534 ~him~ha 534 Siddapura 535 Sira 535 Sitakal 540 Sravanagudi 540 Sra vanrlanuhalli 541 Sult-kere 541 Suv11rno.mukhi 541 Tandaga .. 541 Tatt.:kere 543 Tiptur 544: Tumbadi 54:7 Tumkut 548 Turuvekere 551 Vigna.~ante 538 Yediyur !)59 MYSORE DISTRICT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTlV1~.

SITUATION, AREA AND BoUNDARIES. l'AGB: Situation. 560 Area 560 Boundaries 660

PHYSICAL ASPECTS.

GEOLOGY. Rocks 561 Building Stones 064 ·Clay 564 Minerals­ Asbestos 564 Corundum 56! Garnet 1565 Gold .. ' 565 Graphite 565 Iron Ores 565 Kankar and Limestone 565 Magnesite and Chromite 566 Magnesite 566 Chromite 566 Mica 566 Soapstone 567 l!~arth Salt and Earth Soda 567 Kaolin 567

BO'UNY. (a). Vegetation 567 (b) Arboriculture 568 XXIX

PAGE (c) Crops 569 . (1) Principal Cro1's 1)73 (2) Garden Produce • 573

FAl.J.NA.

Wild nnd Domestic Anima.l~­ Wild AnimaL~ ~7{ Birds 576 Fish 576 Domestic Animals 1576

CLniA.TE AND RAINFALL. Climate 576 Temperature 1579 Rainfall 579 Rainfall at Mysore 584

TB.E PEOPLE. (a) Distribution­ i. Population 585 ii. Density 585 iii. Inkr-Censa.l variation& 586 iv. Dy Religion .. .. 587 v. By Occupation 587 (b) Towns and Villages­ i. Towns 588 ii. Villages 588 (c) Stock and Dwellings­ i. Stock 590 ii. Dwellings 591 (d) Festivah, etc.- i. Religious Festivals 591 ii. Fairs 51:)3 (e) Vital Statistics 593 (j) Diseases 593 XXX

PAGE CASTES AND OCCUPATIONS. (a) Castes • 5114 (b) Occupations 594

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. The Roman Catholic Misaion 595 The Wesleyan Mi!l!lion · 695

SECTION II.--RISTORY AND ARCHlEOLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. Legendary Period 596 Gang as 597 Cholas 598 Hoysalas 599 Vijayanag~r 600 ?l!ysore Raj8.8 600

B.-ABCB.EOLOGY.

SECTION III.-ECONOMIC.

GENERAL AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS.

CHIEJ' AGRICULTUIUL STATISTICS AND PRINCIPAL CROPS.

AGRICULTURAL LoANS.

!RBIGATION.

FoREsTs. (Stle under Bot.any)

MINES AND QUARRIES. (See under Geology) ARTS AND M!.NUFACTURES. xxxi

PAGE Manufacturell 610 Rural Industries 612

COMMERCE AND TRADE. Exports aud Imports 613 Marts 614

MEANS or Co~rMU:ll'lOA.TION. i. Railways 614 ii. Roads- Provincial Roads 615 District Fund Roads 616 iii. Dak Bungalows and Musafirkhanas 617

FAMINES.

SECTIO~ IV.-ADMINISTRATIVE •.

DIVISIONS.

JUDICIAL.

i. Civil Courts .. 621 ii. Criminal Courts including Bench Courts 622 iii. Village Pancbayets 622

LAND REVENUE.

MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE.

LoCAL AND MuNICIPAL BoARDS. Di~trict Boards and Taluk Boards 623 Functions of Local Boards •• 624 Munici pali tie~ 627

PoLicE AND JAILS. Police •• 628 mii

P.!GE Strength of the Police 628 Cost of the Force •. 628 Ja1!1S 629

EDUCATION.

Schools and Scholars 629 InspectiDg Officers ••. 630

MEDICAL.

VACCINATION.

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. Agar a .. 632 Agrahara-Bachahalli 63·1 Algedu 635 Ankanhalli 635 Ashtagram 635 Attikuppa 636 Belagola 636 Badanvalu 636 637 . Basarhal 638 Bellur 64:2 Bettadapur 6H Biligiri-rangan hills 6!7 Bindiganaval 6-19 Cauvery 649 Cha.marajnagar 649 Chamundi 653 Chinkurali 655 Cholasandra 655 Chunchankatt~ 656 Dodda-Jataka 656 Devalapur& 656 U.GB Devanur . 65'6 Elaval 657 French Rock~ 657 Ganaganu.r 658 Ganjam or Shaba.r Ga.njam 658 Go palsvami· betta 658 Gonndanhalli 660 Gundal . 663 Gund.lupet Taluk 664 Gund!upet 666 Hadinaru 668 Hale Alur 670 Haradanballi 670 Ha.tna ... 672 Hedatale 672 Heggaddevankote 673 Hemavati 676 Hemmaragala 676 Honnu-Hole or Suvarnavati •• 677 Hosaholalu 678 HUDRu.r Taluk 682 Hun sur 684 lmmavu 685 Kabbal-durga 685 Kabbani 686 Kadamba 686 Kakankote 686 Kalale 686 Kaliyur 688 Kambadaballi 688 Kannambadi (now Krishnarajasagara.) 6fi0 Karapu.r 693 Karbail 6~3 Knrighatta. 693 Kaveri (also Cauvery) 6£14 Ketamanhnlli 699 Kikkeri 700 Kittur 703 Krishnaraj pet 703 M. GR. VOL. V. c xxxiv

PAOI Krishnarajasagara. 706 Lakshmantirtba 710 Lokapavani (World-purifier) 712 Madapura · •• 712 Maddur 713 717 1\Ialvalli 718 Mamba IIi 721 Mandya 721 Manipqra 725 Marahalli 725 Melkote or Melukote ••. 726 Moti Talab 730 .Moyar 730 Muduk-dore 731 Mugur 731 Mutsandra 732 Mysore 733 Mysore City.­ The Fort 735 Streets and Avenues 736 The Curzon Park 736 The Gordon Park 736 Civil Buildings 737 Public Offices 737 The Palace 737 The New Palace 739 The Palace Library 742 Palace Armoury 742 Late Maharaja's Statue 743 Summer Palace, etc. 743 European Guest House 743 The Lalitadri Palace 744 The Zoological Gardens 744 The Jagan Mohan Palace 745 The Pleasure Palace 745 Government House 745 Wellington Lodge 745 Rangacharlu :Memorial Hall . 746 XXXV

PAGE Race Course 746. The First ~Iumari's Mansion 746 The Second ~Iaharaja Kumari'& l\Iansion 747 The Third Maharaja Kumari's .Mansion 747 The Public Offices 748 The Victoria Jubilee Institute 7 48 The Law Courts 748 The Exhibition Buildings, University Offices, etc. 749 Chamarajendra Technical Institute 750 History of the City 750 Templea in the City 754 Scalptures in .Jaggu La.l'a Chou! try 759 Inscriptions in the Oriental Library 760 Inscriptions in Cole's Garden 76l Inscriptions in the Santisvara. basti 761 The Madhuvana epitaphs. 761 The Chamundeswari Temple 761 The European Cemetery 761 Industria.; and Trade 762 Imports and Exports 762 Municipal Administration 762 City Improvement Trust 765 Lighting 767 Hospital and Dispensaries 770 Orphanages and homes for tho destitute 771 Improvement of the City 772 Hemoval of congestion 775 The Programme of Drainage Works 776 Formation of Extensions 776 Cnderground drainage system 777 l\lysore University and its Colleges 777 Fairs and Festivals 780 The Birthday Festivities 78P The Dasara Festivitie& 781 N agamangala ~83 Nagarle 789 • Nalkundi 789 · Nanjangud 790 Narasimangalaru 797 c• XXX'Ioi

l'ACllll Nerale 7fl7 Nidugatta 793 Nugu 798 Paduvalapatna 798 Palagrahara 799 Palhalli · 799 Paschimavahini 7!.l!) Periyapattana 800 Ramas.amudra 801 &ligrama 801 &nthemarahalli 802 Saragur 802 Sasalu 803 Reringapatam eo3 Shimsha or Shimshupa 823 Sindhaghatta 828 Sivasamudram 829 Gagana Chukki 831 Bar Chukki 831 Somnathpur 834 Sosile 84.0 Suttur 8.U Talkad 842 Tendekere 851 Tenginagatta 8.51 Terakanambi 852 Tirumakudlu 854 Tirumakudlu-Narsipur 856 . Tonachi 860 Tonnur 861 Ummattur 861 Varu:na 863 Vijuyapura 864 Yedatore 865 Yelandur (Jagir) 868 x.uvii

RA.SS.AN DISTRICT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

SITUATIOY, AREA AND BOUNDARIES. I"AGE Situation 8715 Area 875 BoWld.Aries 873

PnsioAL AsPEcts.

GEOLOQY.

Geologic::~} Features 877 Dyke Rocks 878 Bllilding Stones 879 . Pot Stones 87~ Mines o.nd Minerals 879 Cbromite 879 Fels.pnr 880 MagneEite 880 Kaolin 880 M.ica 880

• BOTANY. I. (a) Vegetation­ Forests fl82 Genl'ral Distribution of the Forests ~2 (b) Arboriculture- 1. Plantations for fuel and other purpuses .•• 884 2.•. A ~euues • • • • • • • • ~ ... ssf nx:viii

PAGE 3. Topes 884 4. Ornamental Tree~.· •• 884: . 5. Hedget~ .. 884 (c) Crops- Principal Varieties Grown 885 Garden Produce 887

FAUNA. Wild Animals 8R7 Birds 887. Domestic Animals 888

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. Climate 888 Temperature ... 891 Rainfall 8~1 Rainfall at Haflsan •• '••. SM

THE PEOPLE. (a) Distribution­ Population 895 . By Religion 800 Occupation 8!)7 (b} Towns and V!llages 897 Towns 897 Villages 898 (c) Stock nnd Dwellings 899 (d) Festiv~tls, etc. 901 Fairs 902 (e) Vital StatisticR 002 (/) Di~eaHefl 903

CASTES AND OccUPATIONs.

CHRISTIAN MrssroNR. llpman Catholic Mission 905 Wesleyan Mission 906 PAOJC SECTION H.-HISTORY AND ARCH1EOLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. Early History 906 Kadambas ... 907 Gangas 907 Kongalvas 907 Hoysalas 908 Vijayanagar 909 MyHore R.iijas 910

B.-ARCB'AWLOGY.

SECTION III.-ECONOMIC.

GENERAL AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS. Soil 912

CmEF AGRICULTURAL STATJSTICR AND PnmciPAL CaoPs. E11sential Statistics , • 912

AGRICULTURAL LOANS, Loans Granted for Land lmprovmnent ·

lRRJOATION. :Meam. (If Irrigation_: Tanks in action 915 Hestored and unrestored tanks fll6 Tanks classified according to Revenue ~IG Expenditure on Irrigation .. 9li

FoREST. Cliitlf Economic Forest Produce 918. :d

I'AGE !BTS AND MANU:r.t.CTURE. Large Indwtrial Establishments 920 Rural Jndwtries 921

CoMMERCE AND TRADE.· Exports and Imports 922 Marts 922

MEANS Oll' Co.mtuNie.t.TION. Railways . 923' Roads 923 Dak Bungalows, Mwa.firkhanas, etc. 924

FAMI!Io"'ES.

SECTION IV.-ADMINISTRATIVE.

DIVISIONS.

JUDICIAL. (1) Civil Courts 927 · (2) Criminal Courts including Bench Courts. 927

LAND REVENUE.

MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE.

LocAL BoARDs AND :MUNICIPALITIES.

PoLicE AND JAILs. Police· 932 Jails 932

EDUCATION. Inspecting Officers •.•. 933 xli

MEDIC.1L.

VA.CCJNA.TION. ·

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. l'AG:B 935 Alur Sub-Taluk 935 Alur 935 . •• 936 Arkalgud 937 Aisikcre .. 940 Attava.ra 946 Banavar 946 Bastih~~.Ui . 947 Bclur 948 Bolvadi 965 Bendekere 970 Bommenhalli 970 Channara ya pa tna 971 Chata.chattahalli ' 975 Dodda-Gadda valli 975 Garudangiri 978 Gijihalli 978 Goru.r 978 Grama 979 Han gal 982 llalebid 983 Hallimysore .. . 996 ··~··-~·--~··-. •• 997 900 Hassan 99n Hcmiivati •• 1003 Heragu •• 1004 Hole-Narsipur •• 1006 Hullekere •• 1008 Isvarahnlli •• 1010 Jakkanhalli •• 1010 Java gal 1011 xlli

PAGE Kanchlnakovi Mara.ti •• 1012 Karagada · ' ~, .. •• 1013 Konanur •• 1013 Koramangala •• 1013 Maharajandurga .,'1017 Mii.lekal Tirupati .. 1017 Manjarabad Taluk • ·~ .. 1018 Markuli · •• 1022 Ma vattanhalli •• 102! Mosale · •• 1025 Mudugere. •• 1029 . Neralige • • 1030 Nuggihalli •• 1030 Saklesptir 103! Sambhunathpur' · •• 1035 Sattiballi ' •• 1035 Saulanga •• 1036 •• 1036 Sra v:ana-Belgqla •• 1037 Yagache · •• 1068 xliii

KADUR DISTRICT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

SITUATION, AREA AND BouNDARIEs. PAGE Situation 1069 Area 1069 Boundaries 1069

PHYSICAL AsPECTS.

GEOLOGY. Rocks 1073 Building Stones 1074 Fuch>lite Quartzite 1074 Mineil and Minerals­ Ferruginou!l Bauxite 1074- Gold 1075 Iron Ores 1075 Kaolin 1075 Mica 1075 Ruby Corundum 1075 A~hestos 1075 Manganese 1076 Soi111 1076

BOTANY. \'egetation 1076 Arboriculture 1017 Crops. 107R

AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS. Area Under Principal Crop8- Varieties CJf Paddy 1080 xliv

PAOE Areca Gardens •• 1080 Coffee Cultivation •• 1081 Cardamom •• 1082 . Tea •• .. IOS2 . Cinchona and Rubber Plantations •• 1082 M;ulberry . • • 1(182 Cotton •• 1082 Horticulture- Fruit l'rees . .. •• 1083 " Dhupa Tree '.' . '·'· •• 1033

FAljNA. Wild Animals .• 1083 Birds •• 1083 Reptiles •. 10R4 Fishes ... •• 1084 Domestic Animals •• 1084

.CLIMATE AND RAINFALL.

Climate· •• 10~5 Raiilfall' .. 1085 Raizlfall.at Chi~agalur · · .•• lQSS

THE PEOPLE. Population .. 1088. Di11tribution •• 1089 By Religion •• 1089 Inter-Censal Variations •• 1089 Towns and Villages- Towns •• 1090 Villages •• 1000 Stock and Dwellings­ Stock •• 10£0 Dwellings lO!ll Festivals, etc 1091 Jatras and Religious Festivals •• .. 1091- xlv

l'AG:B: Fairs .• 1092 Vital Stati5tics • .. 1093 Diseases ., • • 1093

CASTES AND OCCUPATIONS. <:'a.st€s 1094 Occupations ... 1094

CHRISTIAN MissiONS. 'fhe Roman Catholic Mission •.• 1095 The Wesleyan Mission •• 1095

SECTIO:S n.-HISTORY AND ARCILEOLOGY. •· - A.-HISTOB.Y. LE-gendary Period 1095 Kadambas 1097 Go.nga3 1098 Hoysalas 1098 Yijaynnagar 1098 Mysore Rajas 1099 B.-A.RCRA:OLOGY.

SECTION 111.-ECONOMIC.

GENERAL AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS. Soil •. 1101

CmEF AGRICULTURAL STATISTics AND PRINCIPAL CRoPs.

AGRICULTURAL LOANS

IRRIGATION. Fo.R'tsts. Bbad.ra.vati Division­ Timber •• 1107 Sandal-wood 1107 xlvi

PAGE Bamboos .. 11'08 ·Grass .• 110~ Thangadi and Kakke 1108 Minor Forest Produce 1108 Fibres · 1108

1\IINES AND QUARRIES.

ARTS AND MANUFACTURE. Important Industries 1108 Rural Industries 1109'

COMMERCE AND TRADE. Exports at!d Import!!. 1110 Marts 1112

MEANS or CollutUNICATION. Railway Lines .• 1112 Tramway Line · 1112 Motor Bus Service 1112 Roads- Provincial Roads 1113 District Roads 1113 Dak Bungalows 1114: Musafirkhanas, etc. 1115

FAMIN~;s.

(\ SECTION IV,-ADMINISTRATIVE. DIVISIONS. Taluks and Sub·Taluks •• 1116

JuntoiAL. Civil Courts 1117 Criminal Cour~l'! 1117 Villa.ge Courts .. 1118 xlvii

PAGI LAND REVENUE. .

MISCELLAXEOl'S REVENUE.

LocAL AND l\luNICIPAL BoARDS. District and Taluk Boards 1119 :.Iunicipalities 1120

POLICE AND JAILS. Police Force 1121 .Jails 1121

Er•UCATION. School;; and Scllf)lars 1122 · Inspecting Offirer1; •• 1123

MEDICAL.

VACCINATION. Supervision •• 1124

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. Ajjampur 1125 Aldur ••• 1126 Amritapura 1126 Angadi 1130 Ardini 1131 A~andi 1132 Ayyankere or Dodda Madagakere 1132 Baba Budan MountainR 1133 Ballal-Ra yan-durga 1138 13ale-Honnur 1139 Bhadra. 1140 Birur 1141 Bund-Ghut 1141 Chikmagalur 1142 Cangamula 1H5 1 ••• t:.VlU

·• . ~ . l'.lO:& Ha.riharpnr, properly Ha.riharapura •• 1146 Hema.vati .• 1146 Hiremagalur .• 1147 Jambitige .• 1148 Kadur •• 1149 Kalasa •• 1153 Kalsapura •• 1156 Khandcya •• 1156 Kigga · •• 1157 Koppa •• 1158 Kotevuru •• 1161 Kudure Mukha · · •• }162 Lakavalli •• 1162 Markalu •• 1163 Marle · • ... •• 1163 Mattavara .• 1165 Merti-Gudda •• 1166 · •• 1167 Nandilli .. 1170 Narasimharajpnr (formerly Yedehalli) .. 1170 Sakkarepatna •• 1172 Santa veri .• 1172 Simhagiri •• 1172 Sringeri Jagir .. il73 Sringeri Town •• 1174: Tanikod'l\ .• 1194 Tarikere .. 1195 · Tippanakoppa .. 1199 Tunga •• 1200 · Uppavalli •• 1200 Vastira •• 1200 Vedavati or Hagari • ; 1201 Vidyaranyapura .• 1202 xlix

SlllliOGA D.klUUCT.

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

8ITt7ATION, AREA AND BOUNDARIES. PAGE Situation 1203 Area 121)3 Boundaries 1203

PHYSICAL AsPEai!!. /

~rain linea of drainage 1203 Tungabhadra 1204:

GEOLOGY.

Rock~ 1206 Granite~ 1206 ,Building !l!aterial 120'1 ~liu.:s and ~lineral~ Iron Ores 1207 Liruorutic Ore 1207 ~fangane:,e Ores 1207 Liruehtone 1203 Soil 1208

BoTANY. VE'gf'tation­ FCtrestii 1210 Cultivation 1211- Crop~ •• 1212

FAUNA. Wild Anintale 1213 lli!ptJes 1213 M. GR. VOL. V; d PACK Birds •• 1213 Domestic Animals •• 1214 Live-Stock •• 1214

CI.ni:ATE AND RAI.NJ'ALL. Climate •• 1214 Rainfall •• 1214 Rainfall at Shimoga •• 1217

TBE PEOPLE. Distribution­ Number •• 1218 Density •• 121S By Religion •• 1218 Inter-Censal Variations •• 1219 Classes of Occupation •• 1219 Towns and Villages­ Towns •• 1220 Villages •• 1220 Stock and Dwellings­ Stock •• 1220 Dwellings •• 1220 Festivals, etc. •• 1221 Vital Statistics and Diseases •• 1222

CA.STES A.ND 0Cct1PA.TIONS. Castes •• 1223 Occupations •• 1223

Cllll.IoSTIA.N MissioNs. The Roman Catholic Mission • • 1224 The Wes!eyan Mission •• 1224 li

SECTION II.-HISTORY AND ARCILEOLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. PAGB Legendary Period •• 1224 Mauryas and Guptas · •• 1225 Sii.tavahanas •• 1226 Kadambas •• 1226 Gangas •• 1226 Chalukyas of Badami .. 1227 Rii.shtrakiitas •• 1227 Humcha •• 1228 Chalukyas of Kalyani •• 1228 Kalachuryas •• 1229 Hoysalas •• 1229 Muhammadan Incursions .. 1229· Vijayanagar •• 1230 Kelad.i •• 1230 Basavapatna. •• 1238

B.-A.RCIL!EOLOQY. Antiquities of Belgami •• 1240 Bandalike •• 1243 Talgunda Temple •• •• 1244 Jain Basad is at Humcha •• 1244 l\Iosque at Sante·Bennur •• 1245

SECTION 111.-ECONOMIC.

GENERAL AOlUCtl'LTtl'RAL CONDITIONS, I . Soil 1245

CUIEP AGRICULTURAL STATISTlCS AND PRINCIPAL CROPS. Classification of Area •• 1247 Ar.;a of Different Crops •• 1248 Number and Extent of Holdings •• 1248 Holders according to Revenue Paid ... •• 1249 lii

PAGB AGRICULTURAL LOANS. Kinds of Loans Issued •• 1250

IRRIGATION. Tanks 1250 Irrigation Channels 1251 Area hrigated under each source 1251 Tank' Panchayets 1252

FORESTS.

MINES AND QUARRIES. (See u~der Geology) . · •• 1252

' ARTS AND MANUFACTUltES. Chief Industries · , • •• 1252 Arts •. 1253 Industries carried on in the &everal taluks •• 1253

COMMERCE AND TRADE. Exports and Imports 1254 Marts · · 1256

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. Railways 1257 Roads- State Fund Roads 1257 District Ftind Roads 125R . Travellers' Bungalows 12M!

FAMINES. EDUCATION. \ Numbe~:, of Scholars and Schools 1260 ' In,spect~ng Officers .. 1260 }iii .

VACCINATION.

SECTION IV.-ADl\UNISTRATIVE. PAGE Div:lliions •• 1262 Judicial­ Civil Courts •• 1263 Crin1.inal Courts including Bench Courts •• 1263 Land Revenue •• 1264 Miscellaneous Revenue •• 1264 Local Bo~:~nis .. 1265 llunicipalities 1267 Village Panchayet.s •• 1269

- ·pOLICE AND JAILS.

Police .•• 1269

Jails 00 1270 Medical •• 1271

I SECTION V.-GA.ZETTEER. \ Anantapur •. 1271 Araga •• 1274. Bandalike or Bandanike •• 1274 Basvapatna •• 1276 Bednur •• 1278 Belagiivi or Belagami •• 1278 Belagutti •• 1283 Benkipur (see Bhadravati) .• l28-1 Bhadra •. 284 Bhadravati •• 1284 Bilesvara Betta or Agasthya Parvatha •• 1287 Chandragutti •. 1287 Channagiri •• 1288 Chikka Magadi 1291 Devarhalli 1292 Getr;oppa Falls (see Sharavati) 1293 liv

PACE Govardhangiri •• 1293 Hole-Honnur ... •• 1294 Honnali •• 1294 Humcha .. 1299 Ikkeri • • 13.1)1 Kavaledurga •• 1303 · Keladi · •• 1304 Kodachadri •• •• 1307 Kuda.li · •• 1307 Kumadvati or Choradi •• 1310. •• 1310 Kuppa.tur •• 1!312 Ma.dag~tda-]J:ere or Masur·madaga-kere •• 1313 1\Ialandur .. 1314 Malvalli •• 1314 Nagar •• 1314 Nyamti .. •• 1319 Sagar •• 1320 Sante-Bennur •• 1324 Sharavati •• 1325 Shikarpur •• 1332 Shimoga •• 1336 Siralkoppa •• 1339 Borah .. •• 1340 Sulekere • • 1343 Talgunda •• 134:4 T~.~olaguppe •• 1346 Tirthahalli •• 1346 Tunga .. 1350 Tungabhadro. •• 1350 Varadl.lo •. 1352 lv

CHITALDRUG DISTRICT

SECTION I.-DESCRIPTIVE.

SITUATION, AREA AND BoUNDAJUts. FA.GZ Situation •• 1353 Area •• 1353 Boundarie~ •• 1353

PHYSICAL ASPECTS.

GEOLOGY. Rocks 1355 Minos and Minerals­ Copper 1356 Cervantite and Stibnite •• 1356 Galena 1356 Gold •• 1356 Iron .. 1356 Limestone •• 1356 lllanganese . • • 1357 Ochres .. 1357 Dauxite •• 1357 Earth Soda •• 1357 Soils 1357

BoTANY'. Vegetation 13ti7 Arboriculture 1359 Dute Grov-=:s 1359 Crops- Principal Crops •• 1361 Carden Produce •• 1362 I vi

PAGE

Wild AnimaL; •• 1362 Birds 1362 Domestic Animals­ Sheep 1363

CLnt:A.TE AND RAINFALL. Climate •• 1363. Temperature •• 1364: Rainfall •• 1365 Rainfall at Chitaldrug •• 1369

THE PEOPLE. Population- Density · •• 1369 By Religion .• 1370 Inter-Censal Variations .. 1370 Occupation .. 1371 Means of Livelihood •• 1371 Towns and Villages- • Towns 1371 VillageH 1372 Stock and Dwellings­ Stock 1373 Dwellings 1374:

FEBTIVALB, ETC. Important Festivals or .Jatras •• 1375 Fairs •• 1376 Cattle Shows •• 1376 Vital Statistics and Diseases •• 1376

CASTES AND OCCUPATIONS, Castes .. 1376 Occupation and Means of ,Livelihood •• 1377 I vii

PAGB CHRISTIAN llliSSIONS. The Roman Catholic Mieeion 1377. The Wesleyan Miesion 1377

SECTION H.-HISTORY AND ARCH..cEOLOGY.

A.-HISTORY. Legendary History 1377 Mauryas 1377 Sii.tavahana~< 1378 Kadamba~ • : 1378 Nolamba$ •. 1379 Chalukyas .1-. .. 1379 Hoysalas •• 13~ Vijayanagar •• 1380 i. Chitaldurg .. 1380' ii. Nidugal. ... 1385 Mysore Raja!' •• 1387

B.-ARCHJ£0LOGY'.

SECTION UI.-ECONOMIC.

' ' GENE:RAL AoB.IcutTunAL CoNDITioNs. Soils ' .. •• 1389

CHIEF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. Net Area CIOJ>ped •• 1390 Area of Crops raised •• 1300 Holdings 13~1 Ho)dPr~ 1392.

AGRICULTURAL LOANS, Agricultural loans 1393 •

IRRIGATION. Tanks 1393 Oil Enj!"ines .•.. 1304 Af, Gil, VOL, V. • Iviii

PAOB' Fon.EsTs. Area 1391 Forest Produce 13~

MINES AND QUARRIES. (See under Geology}.

ARTS AND MANUFACTURES. Chief Arts and Manufactures of the District­ Ginning and Pressing 139-j. Wcaving of kam blis 13~16 Weaving of Cotton Cloths 13~ Silk Weaving 13!)6 List of Large Industries •• 13f6 Rural Industries .. 13:;7

COMMERCE AND TRADE. Exports and Imports .. 1398 Marts •• 140)

MEANS OP COMMti~"'CATION. Railways.· 1400 Roo.ds- State Fund Roads 1400 District Fund Roads 1401 Accommodation for Travellers ' 1401

FAMINES.

SECTION IV.-ADMINISTRATIYE.

DIVISIONS, Taluks and Sub-Taluks 1403 Sub-Divillions 1403

JUDICIAL. Civil Courts li.s:

.PAOlt Criminal Courts 141J4 Villagtl Courts •• 1404

MISCELLANEOUS REVEm.

LocAL AND MTh'"ICil'AL RoADS. Local Boards •• 1406 Municipal Board!! •• •• 1407 Receipts and Expenditure •• 1409

PoucE AND J..ux.s. Police 1410 Jails ... •• 14:10

EDUCATION. Number of Schools and Scholars .•• 14.10 In11pecting Officen •• 1411

MEI>ICAL.

VACCINATION.

SECTION V.-GAZETTEER. Abbinahole 1412 Betlll: or Ilettur 1413 Bistuvalli .. 14:13 Bharmagiri •• 1414: Budihal •• 1414 • Chcllakere 1415 ChandraYo.lli •• 1418 Chikka· Byaladakere •• 1422 Chikjajur .. •• 1422 Chitaldrug •• 1422 Davangere •• 1429 lx:

PAGK ' 14.:34 Haggari 1434 Harati 1435 Haribar .. 14:36 1440 ,Hol&lkere 1445 Hosdurgo. .. 1448 Jagalur .. 1451 Jat.inga Rameavara .. . . 1454 Marikanive 14.51 Masa.kal .. 1456 Mattod 1456 Molakalmuru 1458 Nanditavare .. 146! Nayakanhatti .. 1466 Nirgunda .. 1467 Nunko Bbairava 1468 Siddapura 1468 Turuvanur 1470 Vedavati 1471 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1472