DOCSLIB.ORG

Kidnapping and Hostage Taking: an Emerging Issues of Insecurity in Kastina State

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kidnapping and Hostage Taking: an Emerging Issues of Insecurity in Kastina State J OURNALOFADVANCESINSOCIALSCIENCEANDHUMANITIES JASSH 6 (3), 1154–1162 (2020) ISSN (O) 2395-6542 Kidnapping and Hostage taking: an emerging Issues of Insecurity in Kastina State Jibrin Ubale Yahaya,?,y,1, Musa Mohammed Bello2 1PHD, Department of Political Science, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Jabi, Abuja. 2(PhD In view) Institute of Governance and Development Studies, Nasarawa State University, Keffi DOI: 10.15520/jassh.v6i3.481 Accepted 20-03-2020; Received 15-02-2020; Publish Online 27-03-2020 Reviewed By: Dr. G ABSTRACT Robert The Governor Masari of Kastina State has cited the high level of insecurity in his state as very worrisome on 2nd January, 2019 at one of the extraordinary security meeting in Katsina which was organized to find a lasting solution to the resurgence of insecurity in the state, said: “all most every day by day we received reports from security agencies about threat of kidnapping, armed robbery and banditry. “No one, not even I, is safe. So, this is the situation and that is why we are here to find a way out, which is a must. There is no option because we are thinking of the survival of our people and state. “It is now a daily occurrence as no day passes without a case recorded. It is not even rustling of cows but now kidnapping of people. “Our state is currently under serious siege by armed robbers, kidnappers and armed bandits who arrest rural people at the grassroots at will and demand ransom, which if not paid, they kill their victims. “The Permanent Secretary was just informing me that his close relative was kidnapped and a ransom of N5 million was demanded and the person who took the money to them was shot. “Some people visited me, and as they left, they were trailed and robbed of their belongings. The armed robbers could not go away with the vehicle because it has security lock on it. “In the past, they carried out their activities in the middle of the night, but now, they operate at midnight, 10pm and gradually in broad day light. “It is not up to a month, right here in front of Government House, five electricity poles were carted away. It is getting out ofhand that we should not fold our arms. Let’s return to God, let’s pray to Him to salvage the situation. So we must reach a lasting solution at this meeting to curtail this ugly trend. “The citizens are on daily basis being harassed by bandits and kidnappers that are on rampage in the state. Based on the above statement of Governor Masari of Katsina State, this paper has the general objective of finding out the major causes of these emerging issues of insecurity in Kastina State from 2017-2019 and finding a lasting solution to the problem, the paper has uses secondary source of data to generate relevant information and analyses the problem. The paper has highlighted the nature of insecurity problems in Katsina curb around kidnapping, armed robbery and banditry in all most 34 local government areas in state which was happening at any giving time of the day or night good peoples of Katsina are in serious confusion because the situation is moving out of control of current security operatives in the state. The paper has of the view that security mechanism need to be improved by demonstrating serious effort and commitment from government at level and the local communities. Key words: : Kidnapping–Banditry–Hostage Taking–Army Robbery 1 INTRODUCTION ? Corresponding author. Katsina State has been facing insecurity problem which y Email: [email protected] has affected the socio-economic development of the affected Kidnapping and Hostage taking: an emerging Issues of Insecurity in Kastina State 1155 LGAs and the State in general. The insecurity phenomenon kidnapping of 234 girls from a secondary school in the coun- of banditry cattle rustling and kidnapping are occurring try (Blanchard 2014:5; Ogege 2013:82). mainly in the eight frontline LGAs of the state (Ladan, 2019). Governor Aminu Masari has come to power in May 2015 and has adopted measures that brought peace and se- curity in the State with the Amnesty Program/Peace Deal 2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM with the bandits. However, the insecurity re-surfaced again Katsina State is one of the States in the North West that with a more dangerous pattern that involved kidnapping is presently affected by banditry, cattle rustling and kid- of people for ransom and ruthless attacks on rural commu- napping which started from July 2018 to date. This affects nities that forces most of them to flee for safety to their mainly the eight frontline Local Government Areas (LGAs) local government headquarters and even to the State capi- namely Jibia, Batsari, Safana, Danmusa, Kankara, Faskari, tal. The persistence of the insecurity evident by the contin- Dandume and Sabua (Ladan, 2019).The situation become ued killing of innocent citizens has sparked protests in some so bad that in January 2019,the Governor of Katsina State LGAs which has further increased the level of insecurity in lamented that “Katsina State is under serious siege by ban- the State. This paper argued that the persistence of the at- dits and kidnappers, even me as a Governor am not safe” tacks, the rate of kidnappings plus the new wave of protests (Aminu,2019).It is based on this background that the paper has raised the level of insecurity in the State to high level is aimed at examining the factors responsible for the level of (Ladan, 2019) insecurity with a view to offering recommendation that can Security is the state or condition of being free from dan- be adopted to curtail the level of insecurity in the State. ger or threat in the daily activities of human beings (Imam, In Nigeria, it was observed that the level of insecurity 2014).Security represents a situation when an individual, has increased since the return to democratic governance group or community can move freely to carry out their daily in May, 1999. These insecurities are caused by communal activities without fear of danger, injury to the body or de- clashes, ethnic/tribal conflicts, religious riots/conflicts, mil- struction of properties. Ensuring the security of lives and itancy and ritual killings, cultism and ethnic militia attacks properties is the primary responsibility of the Government. and the farmers-herdsmen conflicts (Akinola, 2016). These It is because of this that Governments have establish sev- further increased with the arrival of the Boko Haram in- eral security forces to ensure and maintain security within surgency in the North east from 2009 to date. The level of a country and even to respond to external aggressions and insecurity further increased with the changing of the farmer- threats. Insecurity is lack of security or a situation of uncer- herdsmen clashes into banditry and cattle rustling between tainty when a person, group or community is at the stage 2010-2015.In some states of the North, this form of inse- of been subject to or exposed to danger at a given location. curity further changed to not only banditry, cattle rustling Insecurity can also be defined as a situation when someone but to also include kidnapping of people for ransom. is not adequately guarded, protected or defended by the authorities that are suppose to provide security (Webster, 2019).Insecurity in which ever country it is experienced, constitutes serious threats to lives and properties, hinders 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY business activities and discourage domestic and foreign in- The documentary research method will be used in gathering vestors, all of which retard a country’s socio-economic de- and analyzing data for this work. Review of relevant text- velopment (Ewetan, 2014). books, newspapers, internet and all relevant publications In Africa, there have been several incidences of terror- and journals on domestic terrorism and national security ism in various forms or another. For instance, the August are used in this work. Therefore, the method of data anal- 1998 bombings of the Embassy of the United States in ysis is explanatory in nature. Kenya and Tanzania which killed hundreds; the October Significance of the Study 2002 Soweto bombings by the White Supremacist Boermag The significance of the study is that the findings ofthis Organization in South Africa and the October 2004 bomb research would contribute to policy input for members of blast at Egyptian tourist resorts that killed 28 people, to the Security Council at the Federal, State and Local Gov- mention but a few (Lumina 2008: 11). Nigeria today is un- ernment levels. Secondly, the findings would be useful to der serious threats of domestic terrorism emanating from the various security agencies such as the Nigerian Police, the restive youths of the Niger-Delta and the recurrent at- State Security Services and their operatives who are directly tacks on the state by the Boko Haram Insurgents (Oloo charged with the onerous task of maintenance of law and 2009). The youths resorted to the disruption of oil produc- order as well as members of the armed forces. This research tion, pipeline vandalism, hostage-taking, kidnaping, assault will also be useful to members of the media especially de- and bombing of oil installations to fight for the perceived in- fence and security correspondents who report issues related justice in the distribution of the oil wealth (Ogundiya 2009). to national security. Finally it would contribute to the exist- Boko Haram on the other hand have created for themselves ing body of knowledge on domestic terrorism and hostage- a multivariate image by the incessant bombings with the taking as well as provoke further research interest on the impunity and horrific portrayal of people burnt to ashes, subject matter.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NIMC FRONT-END PARTNERS' ENROLMENT CENTRES (Ercs) - AS at 15TH MAY, 2021
    NIMC FRONT-END PARTNERS' ENROLMENT CENTRES (ERCs) - AS AT 15TH MAY, 2021 For other NIMC enrolment centres, visit: https://nimc.gov.ng/nimc-enrolment-centres/ S/N FRONTEND PARTNER CENTER NODE COUNT 1 AA & MM MASTER FLAG ENT LA-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG AGBABIAKA STR ILOGBO EREMI BADAGRY ERC 1 LA-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG AGUMO MARKET OKOAFO BADAGRY ERC 0 OG-AA AND MM MATSERFLAG BAALE COMPOUND KOFEDOTI LGA ERC 0 2 Abuchi Ed.Ogbuju & Co AB-ABUCHI-ED ST MICHAEL RD ABA ABIA ERC 2 AN-ABUCHI-ED BUILDING MATERIAL OGIDI ERC 2 AN-ABUCHI-ED OGBUJU ZIK AVENUE AWKA ANAMBRA ERC 1 EB-ABUCHI-ED ENUGU BABAKALIKI EXP WAY ISIEKE ERC 0 EN-ABUCHI-ED UDUMA TOWN ANINRI LGA ERC 0 IM-ABUCHI-ED MBAKWE SQUARE ISIOKPO IDEATO NORTH ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UGBA AFOR OBOHIA RD AHIAZU MBAISE ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UGBA AMAIFEKE TOWN ORLU LGA ERC 1 IM-ABUCHI-ED UMUNEKE NGOR NGOR OKPALA ERC 0 3 Access Bank Plc DT-ACCESS BANK WARRI SAPELE RD ERC 0 EN-ACCESS BANK GARDEN AVENUE ENUGU ERC 0 FC-ACCESS BANK ADETOKUNBO ADEMOLA WUSE II ERC 0 FC-ACCESS BANK LADOKE AKINTOLA BOULEVARD GARKI II ABUJA ERC 1 FC-ACCESS BANK MOHAMMED BUHARI WAY CBD ERC 0 IM-ACCESS BANK WAAST AVENUE IKENEGBU LAYOUT OWERRI ERC 0 KD-ACCESS BANK KACHIA RD KADUNA ERC 1 KN-ACCESS BANK MURTALA MOHAMMED WAY KANO ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ACCESS TOWERS PRINCE ALABA ONIRU STR ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ADEOLA ODEKU STREET VI LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ADETOKUNBO ADEMOLA STR VI ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK IKOTUN JUNCTION IKOTUN LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK ITIRE LAWANSON RD SURULERE LAGOS ERC 1 LA-ACCESS BANK LAGOS ABEOKUTA EXP WAY AGEGE ERC 1 LA-ACCESS
    [Show full text]
  • June 13, 2016 Volume Xiv, Issue 12
    THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION JUNE 13, 2016 VOLUME XIV, ISSUE 12 p.1 p.3 p.6 p.8 Alexander Sehmer Abubakar Siddique Jessica Moody Wladimir van Wilgenburg BRIEFS Taliban Victories in The Niger Delta U.S. Backing Gives Helmand Province Avengers: A New Kurds Cover for United Prove Test for Afghan Threat to Oil Produc- Federal Region in Government ers in Nigeria Northern Syria LIBYA: CLOSING IN ON ISLAMIC STATE’S STRONG- battle ahead. IS is thought to have heavily fortified Sirte. HOLD The advancing forces will face thousands of fighters and potentially suicide bombers and Improvised Explosive Alexander Sehmer Devices (IEDs). There also remains the question of just how unified an assault will be. The Misratan-led forces Libyan forces have had a run of luck against Islamic have been brought together under the Bunyan Marsous State (IS) fighters in recent weeks, with two separate Operations Room (BMOR), established by Prime Minis- militias capturing several towns and closing in on the ter Faiez Serraj, head of the Government of National extremists’ stronghold of Sirte. Accord (GNA) (Libya Herald, June 8). According to BMOR, they are working with the PFG. Amid Libya’s The Petroleum Facilities Guard (PFG), the unit set up to fractious politics, however, it is unlikely to be that sim- protect Libya’s oil installations, took control of the town ple. of Ben Jawad on May 30 and moved on to capture Naw- filiyah, forcing IS fighters back towards Sirte (Libya Her- The PFG is not a natural ally for the Misratans, and the ald, June 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Technical Committee Om
    REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SHARIA IN KATSINA STATE January 2000 Contents: Volume I: Main Report Chapter One: Preliminary Matters Preamble Terms of Reference Modus Operandi Chapter Two: Consideration of Various Sections of the Constitution in Relation to Application of Sharia A. Section 4(6) B. Section 5(2) C. Section 6(2) D. Section 10 E. Section 38 F. Section 275(1) G. Section 277 Chapter Three: Observations and Recommendations 1. General Observations 2. Specific Recommendations 3. General Recommendations Conclusion Appendix A: List of all the Groups, Associations, Institutions and Individuals Contacted by the Committee Volume II: Verbatim Proceedings Zone 1: Funtua: Funtua, Bakori, Danja, Faskari, Dandume and Sabuwa Zone 2: Malumfashi: Malumfashi, Kafur, Kankara and Musawa Zone 3: Dutsin-Ma: Dutsin-Ma, Danmusa, Batsari, Kurfi and Safana Zone 4: Kankia: Kankia, Ingawa, Kusada and Matazu Zone 5: Daura: Daura, Baure, Zango, Mai’adua and Sandamu Zone 6: Mani: Mani, Mashi, Dutsi and Bindawa Zone 7: Katsina: Katsina, Kaita, Rimi, Jibia, Charanchi and Batagarawa 1 Ostien: Sharia Implementation in Northern Nigeria 1999-2006: A Sourcebook: Supplement to Chapter 2 REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON APPLICATION OF SHARIA IN KATSINA STATE VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT CHAPTER ONE Preamble The Committee was inaugurated on the 20th October, 1999 by His Excellency, the Governor of Katsina State, Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’adua, at the Council Chambers, Government House. In his inaugural address, the Governor gave four point terms of reference to the Committee. He urged members of the Committee to work towards realising the objectives for which the Committee was set up.
    [Show full text]
  • Monetering of Infectious Diseases in Katsina and Daura Zones of Katsina State: a Clustering Analysis
    Available online at http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbas/index Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2011), 19 (1): 31-42 ISSN 0794-5698 Monetering of Infectious Diseases in Katsina and Daura Zones of Katsina State: A Clustering Analysis 1U. Dauda, 2S.U. Gulumbe, *2M. Yakubu and 1L.K. Ibrahim 1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Umaru Musa Yar’aduwa University, Katsina. 2Department of mathematics Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto Nigeria [*Corresponding Author: [email protected]] ABSTRACT: In this paper, data of infectious diseases were collected from the two senatorial zones of Katsina state, and analyzed using cluster analysis, a multivariate technique. This necessitated a partition of the set of diseases into groups such that the diseases with similar degree of prevalence were identified. The result of the cluster formation shows that Malaria is more prevalent in all of the two zones, followed by Cholera and Typhoid fever using the Single Linkage and Centroid methods. The Complete Linkage and Ward methods showed that Malaria is the most prevalent followed by Typhoid fever and Cholera in Katsina zone, while in Daura zone Typhoid fever is more prevalent followed by Malaria and Cholera. The number of clusters tends to vary from one zone to another. This is achieved by using Chi-square test for independence. The study concludes that the use of clustering methods provides a suitable tool for assessing the level of infections of the disease. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Infectious diseases, Malaria, Cholera and Typhoid INTRODUCTION important is that it is caused by living One of the most challenging tasks to public health microorganisms which can usually be identified, in Nigeria and Africa in general, is the control of thus establishing the aetiology early in the illness.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Bank Implementation Status & Results
    The World Bank Report No: ISR4370 Implementation Status & Results Nigeria THIRD NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (FADAMA III) (P096572) Operation Name: THIRD NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Project Stage: Implementation Seq.No: 7 Status: ARCHIVED Archive Date: (FADAMA III) (P096572) Country: Nigeria Approval FY: 2009 Product Line:IBRD/IDA Region: AFRICA Lending Instrument: Specific Investment Loan Implementing Agency(ies): National Fadama Coordination Office(NFCO) Key Dates Public Disclosure Copy Board Approval Date 01-Jul-2008 Original Closing Date 31-Dec-2013 Planned Mid Term Review Date 07-Nov-2011 Last Archived ISR Date 11-Feb-2011 Effectiveness Date 23-Mar-2009 Revised Closing Date 31-Dec-2013 Actual Mid Term Review Date Project Development Objectives Component(s) Component Name Component Cost Capacity Building, Local Government, and Communications and Information Support 87.50 Small-Scale Community-owned Infrastructure 75.00 Advisory Services and Input Support 39.50 Support to the ADPs and Adaptive Research 36.50 Asset Acquisition 150.00 Project Administration, Monitoring and Evaluation 58.80 Overall Ratings Previous Rating Current Rating Progress towards achievement of PDO Satisfactory Satisfactory Overall Implementation Progress (IP) Satisfactory Satisfactory Overall Risk Rating Low Low Implementation Status Overview As at August 19, 2011, disbursement status of the project stands at 46.87%. All the states have disbursed to most of the FCAs/FUGs except Jigawa and Edo where disbursement was delayed for political reasons. The savings in FUEF accounts has increased to a total ofN66,133,814.76. 75% of the SFCOs have federated their FCAs up to the state level while FCAs in 8 states have only been federated up to the Local Government levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence in Nigeria's North West
    Violence in Nigeria’s North West: Rolling Back the Mayhem Africa Report N°288 | 18 May 2020 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 235 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Community Conflicts, Criminal Gangs and Jihadists ...................................................... 5 A. Farmers and Vigilantes versus Herders and Bandits ................................................ 6 B. Criminal Violence ...................................................................................................... 9 C. Jihadist Violence ........................................................................................................ 11 III. Effects of Violence ............................................................................................................ 15 A. Humanitarian and Social Impact .............................................................................. 15 B. Economic Impact ....................................................................................................... 16 C. Impact on Overall National Security ......................................................................... 17 IV. ISWAP, the North West and
    [Show full text]
  • IOM Nigeria DTM Flash Report NCNW 37 (31 January 2021)
    FLASH REPORT #37: POPULATION DISPLACEMENT DTM North West/North Central Nigeria Nigeria 25 - 31 JANUARY 2021 Casualties: Movement Trigger: 160 Individuals 9 Individuals Armed attacks OVERVIEW The crisis in Nigeria’s North Central and North West zones, which involves long-standing tensions between NIGER REPUBLIC ethnic and religious groups; attacks by criminal Kaita Mashi Mai'adua Jibia groups; and banditry/hirabah (such as kidnapping and Katsina Daura Zango Dutsi Faskari Batagarawa Mani Rimi Safana grand larceny along major highways) led to a fresh Batsari Baure Bindawa wave of population displacement. 134 Kurfi Charanchi Ingawa Sandamu Kusada Dutsin-Ma Kankia Following these events, a rapid assessment was Katsina Matazu conducted by DTM (Displacement Tracking Matrix) Dan Musa Jigawa Musawa field staff between 25 and 31 January 2021, with the Kankara purpose of informing the humanitarian community Malumfashi Katsina Kano Faskari Kafur and government partners in enabling targeted Bakori response. Flash reports utilise direct observation and Funtua Dandume Danja a broad network of key informants to gather represen- Sabuwa tative data and collect information on the number, profile and immediate needs of affected populations. NIGERIA Latest attacks affected 160 individuals, including 14 injuries and 9 fatalities, in Makurdi LGA of Benue State and Faskari LGA of Katsina State. The attacks caused Kaduna people to flee to neighbouring localities. SEX (FIG. 1) Plateau Federal Capital Territory 39% Nasarawa X Affected Population 61% Male Makurdi International border Female 26 State Guma Agatu Benue Makurdi LGA Apa Gwer West Tarka Oturkpo Gwer East Affected LGAs Gboko Ohimini Konshisha Ushongo The map is for illustration purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria's Constitution of 1999
    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 constituteproject.org Nigeria's Constitution of 1999 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:42 Table of contents Preamble . 5 Chapter I: General Provisions . 5 Part I: Federal Republic of Nigeria . 5 Part II: Powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria . 6 Chapter II: Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy . 13 Chapter III: Citizenship . 17 Chapter IV: Fundamental Rights . 20 Chapter V: The Legislature . 28 Part I: National Assembly . 28 A. Composition and Staff of National Assembly . 28 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of National Assembly . 29 C. Qualifications for Membership of National Assembly and Right of Attendance . 32 D. Elections to National Assembly . 35 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 36 Part II: House of Assembly of a State . 40 A. Composition and Staff of House of Assembly . 40 B. Procedure for Summoning and Dissolution of House of Assembly . 41 C. Qualification for Membership of House of Assembly and Right of Attendance . 43 D. Elections to a House of Assembly . 45 E. Powers and Control over Public Funds . 47 Chapter VI: The Executive . 50 Part I: Federal Executive . 50 A. The President of the Federation . 50 B. Establishment of Certain Federal Executive Bodies . 58 C. Public Revenue . 61 D. The Public Service of the Federation . 63 Part II: State Executive . 65 A. Governor of a State . 65 B. Establishment of Certain State Executive Bodies .
    [Show full text]
  • House of Reps Order Paper Thursday 15 July, 2021
    121 FOURTH REPUBLIC 9TH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (2019–2023) THIRD SESSION NO. 14 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA ORDER PAPER Thursday 15 July 2021 1. Prayers 2. National Pledge 3. Approval of the Votes and Proceedings 4. Oaths 5. Messages from the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (if any) 6. Messages from the Senate of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (if any) 7. Messages from Other Parliament(s) (if any) 8. Other Announcements (if any) 9. Petitions (if any) 10. Matters of Urgent Public Importance 11. Personal Explanation PRESENTATION OF BILLS 1. Federal College of Education (Technical) Aghoro, Bayelsa State (Establishment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1429) (Hon. Agbedi Yeitiemone Frederick) - First Reading. 2. National Eye Care Centre, Kaduna (Establishment, Etc) Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1439) (Hon. Pascal Chigozie Obi) - First Reading. 3. Electronic Government (e-Government) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1432) (Hon. Sani Umar Bala) - First Reading. 4. Federal Medical Centre Zuru (Establishment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1443) (Hon. Kabir Ibrahim Tukura) - First Reading. 5. National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021(HB. 1445) (Hon. Sergius Ogun) - First Reading. 122 Thursday 15 July 2021 No. 14 6. Industrial Training Fund Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1447) (Hon. Patrick Nathan Ifon) - First Reading. 7. Fiscal Responsibility Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1534) (Hon. Satomi A. Ahmed) - First Reading. 8. Federal Highways Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1535) (Hon. Satomi A. Ahmed) - First Reading. 9. Border Communities Development Agency (Establishment) Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB. 1536) (Hon. Satomi A. Ahmed) - First Reading. 10. Borstal Institutions and Remand Centres Act (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (HB.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970
    THE GORDIAN KNOT: APARTHEID & THE UNMAKING OF THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER, 1960-1970 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Ryan Irwin, B.A., M.A. History ***** The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Peter Hahn Professor Robert McMahon Professor Kevin Boyle Professor Martha van Wyk © 2010 by Ryan Irwin All rights reserved. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the apartheid debate from an international perspective. Positioned at the methodological intersection of intellectual and diplomatic history, it examines how, where, and why African nationalists, Afrikaner nationalists, and American liberals contested South Africa’s place in the global community in the 1960s. It uses this fight to explore the contradictions of international politics in the decade after second-wave decolonization. The apartheid debate was never at the center of global affairs in this period, but it rallied international opinions in ways that attached particular meanings to concepts of development, order, justice, and freedom. As such, the debate about South Africa provides a microcosm of the larger postcolonial moment, exposing the deep-seated differences between politicians and policymakers in the First and Third Worlds, as well as the paradoxical nature of change in the late twentieth century. This dissertation tells three interlocking stories. First, it charts the rise and fall of African nationalism. For a brief yet important moment in the early and mid-1960s, African nationalists felt genuinely that they could remake global norms in Africa’s image and abolish the ideology of white supremacy through U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa: Afrikaans Film and the Imagined Boundaries of Afrikanerdom
    A new laager for a “new” South Africa: Afrikaans film and the imagined boundaries of Afrikanerdom Adriaan Stefanus Steyn Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology in the faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Bernard Dubbeld Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology December 2016 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2016 Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The Afrikaans film industry came into existence in 1916, with the commercial release of De Voortrekkers (Shaw), and, after 1948, flourished under the guardianship of the National Party. South Africa’s democratic transition, however, seemed to announce the death of the Afrikaans film. In 1998, the industry entered a nine-year slump during which not a single Afrikaans film was released on the commercial circuit. Yet, in 2007, the industry was revived and has been expanding rapidly ever since. This study is an attempt to explain the Afrikaans film industry’s recent success and also to consider some of its consequences. To do this, I situate the Afrikaans film industry within a larger – and equally flourishing – Afrikaans culture industry.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNITED STATES and SOUTH AFRICA in the NIXON YEARS by Eric J. Morgan This Thesis Examines Relat
    ABSTRACT THE SIN OF OMISSION: THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA IN THE NIXON YEARS by Eric J. Morgan This thesis examines relations between the United States and South Africa during Richard Nixon’s first presidential administration. While South Africa was not crucial to Nixon’s foreign policy, the racially-divided nation offered the United States a stabile economic partner and ally against communism on the otherwise chaotic post-colonial African continent. Nixon strengthened relations with the white minority government by quietly lifting sanctions, increasing economic and cultural ties, and improving communications between Washington and Pretoria. However, while Nixon’s policy was shortsighted and hypocritical, the Afrikaner government remained suspicious, believing that the Nixon administration continued to interfere in South Africa’s domestic affairs despite its new policy relaxations. The Nixon administration concluded that change in South Africa could only be achieved through the Afrikaner government, and therefore ignored black South Africans. Nixon’s indifference strengthened apartheid and hindered liberation efforts, helping to delay black South African freedom for nearly two decades beyond his presidency. THE SIN OF OMMISSION: THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA IN THE NIXON YEARS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Eric J. Morgan Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2003 Advisor __________________________________ (Dr. Jeffrey P. Kimball) Reader ___________________________________ (Dr. Allan M. Winkler) Reader ___________________________________ (Dr. Osaak Olumwullah) TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . iii Prologue The Wonderful Tar Baby Story . 1 Chapter One The Unmovable Monolith . 3 Chapter Two Foresight and Folly .
    [Show full text]