8Th Grade Math at Home Learning Packet Week#4 May 4 - 8 Monday, May 4Th

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8th Grade Math At Home Learning Packet Week#4 May 4 - 8 Monday, May 4th

PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM Find the length of the side. 1. 2. 79 34 ? 14 75 ?

3. 4.

? 46 27 ? 44 40

5. 6.

124 174 ? 79

110 ?

7. 8.

195 ? ? 16 173 27

Math4childrenplus.com Compute…. Justify…. Find the missing side length of each right triangle below: 2.) Calculate the perimeter of the 1.) Calculate the perimeter of figure below. Give an exact answer 1.) 2.) 3.) triangle ABC. Explain how you in terms of pi, and an approximate found your answer in detail. answer rounded to the nearest

hundredth of an inch.

4.) 5.)

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.8.G.B.6 Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse. Apply…. Create…. A diagram of a The diagram to the right baseball field is shows a pole that was shown below. broken during a storm.

Tuesday, May 5th The infield is a What was the height of the square that poll? In order to get the measures 90 feet pole replaced, you must on each side. A write a short note to the player threw a insurance company ball from point P explaining how you to third base. calculated the height of the How far did the poll. player throw the ball? Wednesday,FLUENCY AND May SKILLS 6th PRACTICE Name: LESSON 14

Solving Real-World Problems with Systems of Linear Equations Solve the problems by solving a system of equations.

1 Otis paints the interior of a home for $45 2 Calvin has 13 coins, all of which are per hour plus $75 for supplies. Shireen quarters or nickels. The coins are worth paints the interior of a home for $55 per $2.45. How many of each coin does hour plus $30 for supplies. The equations Calvin have? give the total cost for x hours of work for each painter. For how many hours of work are Otis’s and Shireen’s costs equal? What is the cost for this number of hours?

y 5 45x 1 75

y 5 55x 1 30

3 There are 47 people attending a play 4 Agnes has 23 collectible stones, all of at an outdoor theater. There are which are labradorite crystals or galena 11 groups of people sitting in groups crystals. Labradorite crystals are worth of 3 or 5. How many groups of each size $20 each, while galena crystals are are there? worth $13 each. Agnes earns $439 by selling her entire collection. How many stones of each type did she sell?

©Curriculum Associates, LLC Copying permitted for classroom use. GRADE 8 LESSON 14 Page 1 of 2

Solving Real-World Problems with Systems of Linear Equations continued

A dog groomer buys 7 packages of Copland competes in 27 swimming treats. ourmet treats are sold in packs events this season. He wins either first of 2. Treats that help clean a dog’s teeth place or second place in each event. are sold in packs of 5. The dog groomer Copland has 3 more firstplace wins than buys 2 treats in all. How many secondplace wins. n how many events packages of each did she buy? did he win first place, and in how many did he win second place?

Choose one problem from problems 1. Check your answer by solving the system of equations in a different way.

©Curriculum Associates, LLC Copying permitted for classroom use. GRADE 8 LESSON 14 Page 2 of 2

Name (s) ______Class______Date______

MULTI-STEP EQUATIONS

READ & UNDERSTAND (Highlight or circle What do we know? (List the important facts important keywords.) needed for this problem to be solved.) The table shows ticket prices for an ______amusement park for members and ______non-members. For how many tickets ______is the cost same for members and What do we want to find out? (Explain in non-members? your own words.) Ticket Prices ______Non- Members ______Members ______Membership Fee $30 None Ticket Price $3 $6 ______

SOLVE (Answer the problem. Show all work.)

EXPLAIN (State your answer. Give details. Explain what you did and justify your steps.) ______

©Exceeding the CORE Question # 1 Name (s) ______Class______Date______

Error Analysis – SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

Read the word problem. Look at the students work and solution. Identify the error and describe it. Solve the problem correctly. Then share a strategy this student could use to prevent the same error in the future. An album receives an award when it sells 10,000,000 copies. An album has sold 7,680,000 copies. How many more copies does it need to sell to receive the award? Write your answer in scientific notation. Incorrect Work/Solution Identify and Explain the Error

Friday, May 8th 10,000,000 - 7,680,000 = 2,320,000

2,320,000 4 zeroes

2.32 x 104

The album must sell 2.32x104 more copies to receive the award. Correct Work/ Solution Share a Strategy

©Exceeding the CORE Question # 1 Georgia Studies Packet: Week 4- May 4th-8th

The American Revolution

A Georgia Perspective

The American Revolution A Georgia Perspective!

The American Revolution was a time of upheaval and conflict. Families were divided, neighbor fought against neighbor. Colonists were forced to take sides. What exactly was this conflict all about? America was rebellious, agitated, and ready for a fight. Many colonists were ready to take a stand, to risk their lives for a cause. But what cause you might ask? The answer lies in the pages before you, so read along to discover not only America’s perspective of this event, but Georgia’s as well.

Directions: This story is interactive; you will use this booklet and a handout. You will complete the handout as you read the story. Let us begin!

Georgia on My Mind….. Many years had passed since Georgia became a colony. As a matter of fact, Georgia had only been a colony for 42 years before the American Revolutionary War broke out. That’s a really young colony! We can’t forget all of the important people that helped Georgia become successful. People like James Oglethorpe, Tomochichi and the Yamacraws, Mary Musgrove, as well as the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, and its 3 governors, namely Sir James Wright. All helped Georgia survive and thrive!

Life was tough for the early colonists. Just imagine what it must have been like: hard labor in the fields, hot, humid climate, and conflict with Indians. They sure were determined to survive! Let’s review some important events that led up to the Revolutionary War. Are you ready? Let’s begin!

Savannah Colony

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Day 1: Monday, May 4th- Read pages 3-5 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. Everybody wants the land…

Colonists were busy working the land, but Indians continued to attack them. On top of that, France and Spain claimed part of the land as well. Everybody wanted the land! The conflict became so great that a war broke out called the French and Indian War, or the Seven Years War, as it was happening worldwide. It was Britain and the colonists against France and the Indians. Spain later joined sides with the French.

Why would all of these countries fight over this land? What did this land have that was so valuable? Can you guess? It was over fur trade and resources. Fur trading was a big business and both France and America wanted control over it, especially in the Ohio River valley. Of course, these countries wanted land for settlement as well. And that’s not all – it seemed a lot of people wanted the British out of the area. The Indians AND the Spanish sure did, so they joined in to help France fight against Britain. The French and Indian War was a brutal war, as Indians would attack settlements and often murder entire families, scalping them in the process. It was a tough time to be a colonist. Knowing the prior history that these European countries had with one another, do you feel this war was necessary for conflict to be resolved? Be prepared to discuss in class.

The war raged on for seven years. It finally ended with France and Spain signing the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Not only was the war over, but Great Britain now had much more land to grow and colonize. Even though Georgia was not directly involved in the war, its borders expanded to the Mississippi River. I’m sure the colonists were excited knowing that Spain would no longer be a threat to the south. Study the map. What territory did Great Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris? Answer on your handout.

What land did Britain gain? It gained control of the land east of the Mississippi River, and south of the St. Mary’s River. Spain gave up Florida, as they were an ally to France. But the Spanish kept some territory west of the Mississippi River and in Central and South America. The land gain was great news for Britain, but they had spent a lot of money on the war and no longer had the finances to protect the colonists from future Indian attacks. So, in order to make peace with the Indian tribes, King George III issued The Proclamation of 1763 in hopes of improving relationships with them. This declaration reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for the Indians and made it off limits to any colonists. Now, define the French and Indian War, Treaty of Paris, and Proclamation of 1763 on your handout. Page 3 of 14

The Colonies Become Restless…

Whew! The war was finally over, and the colonists now had more land than ever to explore and settle. Georgia was growing as settlers came to the colony with the promise of free land, known as the Headright system! Each male “head” of the household would have the “right” to receive from 1 – 1000 acres of land. Land Lottery Life was grand, right? Georgia was doing well; it now had Florida to settle, and the colony was prospering with trade on the Savannah River. The colonists felt loyal to Britain, but, not all American colonies were happy with the Proclamation of 1763, for they wanted to settle in the area west of the Appalachian Mountains.. Most ignored the line and settled wherever they chose to.

Here Come the British Taxes…. Proclamation of 1763 Just think about it - the French and Indian War was over, which meant more land, more settlers, and an opportunity to be successful. Well, maybe for the colonists but, there was a problem. Britain was in serious debt from the war and was broke! It needed to find a way to recover some of its losses. So, what did King George do? He began to tax the colonists to help recover some of its financial losses! This did not go over well with the colonists. What do you think? Should the colonists have helped pay the cost of the French and Indian War? Explain on your handout.

It wasn’t so much that they were required to pay taxes, but the colonists resented that they were not asked. Their mother country was 3000 miles away; they didn’t even have a representative in the British parliament. They were used to free assemblies, having their own tax system, and even producing their own free newspapers. They were angry!

Look at the taxes that colonists had to pay:

Sugar Act of 1764 Tax on sugar, coffee, wine, and other British imported items

Stamp Act of 1765 Tax on all printed paper, from newspapers to legal documents

Townshend Acts of 1767 Tax on imported lead, tea, paper, paint, and glass

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Wow, the colonists sure were angry! Passionate speeches were made. The Stamp Act Congress was formed. Citizens hung effigies of the British Parliament and royal governors. Homes of British officials were attacked. Those that tried to collect British taxes were tarred and feathered. Another protest group was formed called the Sons of Liberty. I wonder what King George thought of all of this? He must have been quite alarmed at the protests, for he eventually repealed the acts. Now, on your handout, define the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Act.

The northern colonies rebelled more than the southern colonies. Why do you think this was so? Think of Georgia; it had a small population and a strong royal governor (Sir James Wright). Its economy was dependent on Britain. Some resistance happened, such as the forming of the Liberty Boys (an off shoot of Sons of Liberty), to protest against the Stamp Act, but not nearly as much as the northern colonies.

The Boston Massacre…..

The year was 1770 and the place was Boston, Massachusetts. The colonists continued to be agitated and angry about taxes. There had also been an increase in troops sent to the colonies because of the Townshend Act. The soldiers were tense, not sure who to trust, as tension increased between the colonists and British soldiers across the American colonies. A crowd gathered around British soldiers, and some colonists began throwing snow ice and stones at them. Shots rang out from the British soldiers, and before it was over, 5 colonists were dead, and 6 wounded. This incident only fueled more anger toward Britain. A trial was held for the British soldiers who were involved. Do this: Define the Boston Massacre on your handout.

Doesn’t it make you wonder what King George was thinking during this time period? How would he handle those unruly, disobedient colonists? What was his answer? Issue more taxes!

In 1773, the British Parliament issued a tax on tea, called the Tea Act. Now, if the colonists had already protested the other taxes, don’t you think they would protest this one as well? You are absolutely right! This tax infuriated them! Define the Tea Act under British taxes on your handout.

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Day 2: May, 5th- Read pages 6 & 7 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. And then it happened…..

It was December, 1773. Three British ships arrived in Boston Harbor, laden down with tea to sell the colonists. But, the tea never made it out of the harbor, for 100 members Boston Tea Party of the Sons of Liberty not only refused to let them land, but they boarded the ships disguised as Mohawk Indians. Imagine the sight. I bet the British merchants were terrified as to what might happen to them. What were those Sons of Liberty up to? Well, they spent the next three hours dumping all of the British tea into the water! A crowd gathered to watch them. It must have been a sight to see loads of tea sprinkled all in the harbor. How do you think King George and the British Parliament would react to this? This event was called the Boston Tea. Party. Other “tea parties” took place in other colonies as well to show their protest. If you were King George, how would you have handled the rebellion against the Tea Act, and dumping all the British tea into the harbor? Write your thoughts down on your handout, and THEN define the Boston Tea Party.

King George reacted severely to the Boston Tea Party incident. The British Parliament issued more punishment referred to as “The Intolerable Acts”. These consisted of acts designed to punish the Massachusetts colony until the tea was paid for. Some of these acts are listed below: Intolerable Acts Quartering Act Colonists were required to house and feed British soldiers Boston Port Act Port closed to all shipping until tea was fully paid for. The Massachusetts Act Colonists could not hold town hall meetings or elect their own officials.

How did the colonists react to these acts?

If the British had hoped to make the Massachusetts colony an example of what not to do, it didn’t work! The other colonies came to the aid of Massachusetts, but lines were now being drawn – those who remained loyal to Britain, and those who rebelled against it. On your handout, define the 3 Intolerable Acts mentioned above. The rebellion was certainly spreading. The colonists felt that the British Parliament was violating their constitutional rights. If you lived during this time, what “side” would you have supported – the British or the colonists? Britain was in debt from the war, yet the colonists weren’t helping. What would you do? Answer on your handout.

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Day 3 : May 6th- Read pages 8 & 9 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. The reaction continues…..

The colonists were so angry with the British Parliament that 12 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress. They agreed that if the Intolerable Acts were not repealed within a year, the colonies would stop all exports to Britain. They also agreed to support Massachusetts if it was attacked, as well as boycott all British goods. Just think, there were no video recorders or cellphones to record this important event. The representatives must have presented some passionate speeches, though. Define the First Continental Congress on your handout.

But what about Georgia?

So, what was Georgia’s reaction to all this? Were they concerned? What do you think? Remember that Georgia was the youngest colony, and still had Governor Wright to keep them calm. Yay for Governor Wright! Georgia was the only colony to not send a representative to the First Continental Congress. It felt it didn’t need to, for it still depended on British goods, and its economy was stable. Protests in Georgia were not as strong as in the other colonies, especially in the north.

But, not everyone felt loyal to Britain, even in Georgia. Tension was mounting. Two sides were forming - the loyalists, also known as Tories, supported England, and the patriots, also known as Whigs, wanted independence from England. Many remained neutral. Imagine the tension that must have been felt during this time. You go out with friends, or talk to your neighbor, and everyone seems suspicious. You wouldn’t know who to trust.

What will happen next?

Have you ever be in a situation where you didn’t really know what was going to happen next? I’m sure the colonists felt this way. Revolution was such a powerful word. Would it really happen in America - Neighbor against neighbor, brother against brother? Who could you trust? Would you fight for the cause? Eventually, a continental army (national army) was formed for the 13 colonies. It sure did look like a revolution!

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Day 3: May, 6th- Read pages 8 & 9 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. The revolution begins…..

July, 1775. Many battles had already been fought, such as Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. The patriots in Savannah were excited to hear this. They were ready for independence! I’m sure Governor Wright, a royal governor and strong loyalist, was getting pretty nervous. If you were Governor Wright, what could you do to help calm the tension that was beginning to be felt in Georgia? Reflect on this on your handout.

I declare…

It was July 4, 1776. Tension continued as King George III denied a request from the colonists to stop all hostile actions against the colonists. It was time to act. The Second Continental Congress met to declare Betsy Ross sews the American flag America’s independence! But this time, Georgia had 3 representatives to attend; Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton. You will learn more about these men later. American’s desire for independence had been declared!!! Define the purpose of the Second Continental Congress and who from Georgia attended on your handout.

What exactly was the Declaration of Independence? It was a document that was divided into 3 parts. It contained the Preamble, which explained that all people have certain basic given rights. It also gave a list of grievances against King George, and the actual declaration proclaimed that America was now an independent country! That must have been one, exciting day! Patriots like John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Hancock, and Benjamin Franklin signed the document. They risked their lives in doing so. If Britain won the war, what would happen to them? Most likely, they would be executed for being a traitor to their country! The Declaration of Independence proudly states that…. 1. All men are created equal 2. Everyone is born with certain rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 3. Government’s power comes from the people. 4. Citizens have the right to change governments they no longer approve of.

Define the Declaration of Independence on your handout and its 4 main statements. Page 8 of 14

Things were happening in Georgia…

What was happening in Georgia? Weren’t most of the colonists still loyal to Britain? Yes, a lot of them were. They were loyalists (Tories) that still supported their mother country. Most of them lived along the coast and benefited from trade with England, but the patriots were becoming more numerous in Georgia. Protests, clashes, and resistance were becoming stronger. Then, it happened. It was January, 1776, months before the Declaration of Independence had been signed. Governor Wright, the longest serving governor in Georgia, was arrested and taken into custody. That must have caused a lot of conversations! Remember, he had done such a good job in keeping Georgia out of the rebellion, but that all changed that day in 1776.

What do you think Governor Wright was thinking by now? Whatever it was, it must have been clever one, for one month later, while under house arrest, he escaped to the safety of a waiting British warship. The once popular governor was escaping for his life. The revolution had come to Georgia! On your handout, describe what is taking place in Georgia.

Many battles were being fought in the colonies. The patriots had control of Savannah, but for how long? With Georgia’s small population and tiny army, would it hold off the British? The loyalists (Tories) had been driven out of Georgia. But, something big was about to happen……

December 29, 1778. The Georgia patriots were still in control. The loyalists were in hiding, even though the war was waging around them, the patriots felt confident and proud. What could possibly go wrong?

The British, though, had a strategy and it was a big one. They wanted to regain control of the rebellious southern colonies, not only of Georgia, but of the Carolinas and Virginia as well. It was a bold move, but the British attacked Savannah, and they won. Imagine if you were now a patriot, what emotions would you be feeling? You no longer had control over Savannah and Augusta and were forced to leave Georgia. Oh, the agony of the patriots! And, guess who returned to lead the new royal colony? It was none other than James Wright, the former Georgia governor! Add 2 – 3 more sentences to your description on what is happening in Georgia during this period.

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Day 4: May 7th- Read pages 10 & 12 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. There were many battles that were important in the American Revolution such as Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown, but the one that stands out for Georgians was the Battle of Kettle Creek. It was fought during the time that the British still controlled Augusta and Kettle Creek Savannah, but the Georgia patriots continued to fight.

Here’s the story….

It was February 14, 1779. Georgia was divided. The patriots controlled the countryside but the British controlled Augusta and Savannah. The days were tense. Who Kettle Creek would control Georgia - the patriots or the British loyalists? Meet James Boyd, the colonial of the loyalist army. He and about 600 men thought they could persuade the southerners to pledge their loyalty to King George. I’m sure he was thinking, “Hey, no problem. There are many loyalists in the southern colonies.” Their plan was to meet up with the British army in Augusta, but had stopped at Kettle Creek to camp. Now, picture the scene .The men were resting; the horses were grazing, and some were slaughtering nearby cattle to eat. It was morning time. All of a sudden, out of the clearing came Elijah Clarke, the lieutenant for the patriot army. He, along with colonial Andrew Pickens, John Dooly, and 400 Georgia and Carolina patriots, were ready for a show down! They wanted those loyalists out of Georgia!

Ever so slowly, Elijah Clarke and his men snuck up on the loyalists and attacked them. Though badly outnumbered, Clarke and his patriots won the battle! Austin Dabney, who was the only African American slave to fight in the battle, was a soldier in Elijah Clarke’s army. He watched in horror as Clarke was shot by a loyalist. But, Dabney reacted quickly and gave his horse to Clarke for him to ride away to safety. This one act certainly saved his life, and in return, Dabney was rewarded with Elijah Clarke land for his bravery during the battle. What a hero! The Battle of Kettle Creek was a patriot success! Describe the main points on your handout in the appropriate category.

Why was the Battle of Kettle Creek so important?

Think about it. If the patriots had not won this battle, the loyalists would have had an even stronger hold on Georgia. But, instead, the patriots drove them back. It helped to boost the morale of the Georgia patriots and gave them much needed supplies. It was also the beginning of several more successful battles fought in the southern back country toward the end of the Revolutionary War. Add the importance of the Kettle Creek Battle to your description on your handout. Page 10 of 14

Be strong, Savannah…

Now, keep in mind that Savannah and Augusta were still under British control at this point, but the patriots had a plan to change that. With the success of Kettle Creek, they thought it might just work. It was October, 1779 when the patriots decided to attack the city in hopes of retaking it. The patriots had support from the French, so possibly, just maybe, they would win.

Here’s the story of the Siege of Savannah. The French had 47 ships offshore, holding 5,000 soldiers, including 500 Haitians. They were ready to seize the city. The British were outnumbered. The patriots must have felt really confident, for they demanded that the British surrender the city to the patriots. Would the British surrender? Not yet, for they had a plan.

The British were wise in their new move, for they asked the patriots for 24 hours to think about surrender. This proved to be a very costly mistake! Guess what happens when you give your enemy time to plan and strategize? That’s right, time for reinforcements to arrive and help you! Many British soldiers came to their aid.

It was a brutal fight and one of the war’s bloodiest. In the end, the patriots were easily defeated by the British. It was a terrible failure for the patriots who lost over 800 soldiers, compared to only 18 British soldiers. The British were able to hold onto Savannah for three more years. Georgia would remain in the hands of the British until the end of the war. On July 11, 1782, Wright and the royal government evacuated Savannah and returned to England. On your handout, describe the Siege of Savannah, highlighting the most important points.

There were 2 more devastating defeats for the patriots before the war ended. But, finally, in 1781, two years after the Siege of Savannah, Britain began peace talks with the American patriots to end the war and finally a treaty was signed. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 recognized the United States as an independent nation.

The American Revolution was such an important time in history. It began in 1775 and lasted until 1783. Many lives were lost, families torn apart, neighbor fought against neighbor. And, what about the Indians who had fought with the British? They were not even included in the negotiations, so they continued to fight until 1795. Much was needed for the colonies to heal and recover from the war.

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Day 4: Thursday, April 30th- Read pages 8 & 9 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. Day 5: Friday, May 8th- Read pages 12-14 and answer all prompts on the attached activity sheet. I would like for you to meet……

There were many important people that were involved in the American Revolution. People such as George Washington, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Paul Revere. Let’s now meet some important people from Georgia that you need to know. Summarize each of them on your handout.

Meet Elijah Clarke. Even though he was a poor farmer, he became a strong patriot fighter. He even fought against the Creek and Cherokee Indians who had sided with the British. He was the lieutenant for the patriot army in the Battle of Kettle Creek. You read about this battle earlier. He was wounded in that battle, but managed to escape with the help of Austin Dabney. He continued to fight against the British in both Georgia and South Carolina. He even has a county named after him - Clarke County.

Here is Austin Dabney, the African American slave who became a hero for saving Elijah Clarke’s life during the Battle of Kettle Creek. He saved Clarke by giving him his own horse so he could escape after being shot. Dabney himself was wounded in the battle, but survived! For his bravery, the state of Georgia awarded Dabney his freedom, AND he received land for his service during the American Revolution. That is one super hero!

Drum roll, please! May I introduce to you a very important woman by the name of Nancy Hart. Many stories have been written about her, some quite interesting, to say the least. She was a feisty, brave, and fearless frontier woman. When loyalist soldiers came to her cabin in the woods, she managed to not only take their rifles, but shot a few in the process! She was also a patriot spy. Disguising herself as a man, she would often walk into loyalist camps to gather information. Some say she even fought in the Battle of Kettle Creek. Wow, pretty impressive! Hart County is named after her, along with Lake Harwell, and Nancy Hart Highway (Ga Route 77). Standing 6 feet tall, she must have made quite an impression! Make sure you have described these important Georgians on your handout.

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And then there were more…..

Have you ever thought about what happened to the signers of the Declaration of Independence? They risked their lives when they declared independence from Britain. Many had their homes ransacked or destroyed, imprisoned or died penniless. It was definitely a great sacrifice. Let’s take a look at Georgia’s three signers to see how their lives were changed. Make sure to summarize each of them on your handout.

Think back to St. Catherine’s Island on the coast of Georgia. It was once owned by Mary Musgrove, but Button Gwinnett eventually bought it. He became quite involved in Georgia politics. He also attended the 2nd Continental Congress in Philadelphia, as he was a strong patriot. Even though you haven’t learned about it yet, Gwinnett also helped to write the Georgia Constitution of 1777. He was one of 3 Georgians to sign the Declaration of Independence.

But, Gwinnett had some issues as well. He became involved in a dispute with a political rival named Lachlan McIntosh, which led to a dual. Back then, if someone spoke negative against you in public, you were supposed to defend your honor in a dual, and that is exactly what happened. Things didn’t go well for Gwinnett; both men shot one another, but Button’s injuries were fatal. And, yes, Gwinnett County is named after him!

One of the signers for the Declaration of Independence was an ordained minister and a doctor who moved to Georgia in 1760. He was none other than Lyman Hall and was the only Georgia representative in the Second Continental Congress in 1775. After the war, he returned to his medical practice, and in 1783 was elected governor! He worked hard to improve Georgia’s economy and its relations with the Indians.

You won’t believe the credentials of George Walton. This man did it all. He was known as a very successful lawyer and was a strong patriot. He also signed the Declaration of Independence at the Second Continental Congress. That’s not all he did. He also served in the Georgia militia and was captured as a British prisoner. Do you think that sounds impressive? Walton must have been a very busy man and well educated, for not only did he accomplish all that, but he also served as governor, Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court, U.S. Senator, and a superior court judge! Did he ever sleep or was he too busy? Walton County is named for him. Don’t’ forget to describe these men on your handout. Page 13 of 14

Life after the Revolution…..

Were all of the colonists happy with the outcome of the war? Of course, the patriots were, but there were still many others in the colonies that were still loyal to Britain. Most Native Indians were opposed to American Independence, along with many slaves that fought in the war hoping to achieve their own freedom. It was a costly war, not only for the Americans, but for France, Spain and Great Britain. Families had been divided, lives lost, homes destroyed and abandoned, but Americans had their freedom. Now it was time to build a nation…

Sons of Liberty

Show What You Know….

 Make sure that all questions and categories are completed on your handout. Be prepared to discuss your answers in class!

Reflect:

 If you had to summarize this war in 2—4 sentences, reflecting on the big idea, what would it be? Answer on your handout.

 On the back of your handout, make a title called “Causes of the American Revolution.” Now, write down at least 4 – 5 events that led this conflict.

Credits Photos taken from Creative Commons and Google Public Domain sources

Instructions: You will complete this handout as you read American American Revolution Revolution: A Georgia Perspective The Beginnings Prior Events British Taxes Tensions Increase French and Indian War: Sugar Act: Boston Massacre:

Stamp Act: Treaty of Paris 1763:

Boston Tea Party: Townsend Act:

Proclamation of 1763:

Tea Act: Land gained from Treaty of Paris:

Reflection: Should the colonists have helped pay the cost of the French and Indian War?

If you were King George, how would you have handled the rebellion against the Tea Act and colonists dumping all the British tea into the harbor?

Tension Builds Intolerable Acts First Continental Congress Quartering Act:

Boston Port Act:

The Massachusetts Act::

Reflection: If you lived during this time, what “side” would you have supported – the British or the colonists? Explain

What could Governor Wright have done to help calm the tension that Georgians were beginning to feel towards the conflict?

American Revolution Page 2 Revolution Begins

Congress Meets Again Declaration of Independence Revolution in Georgia

Second Continental Congress

Document declares *

* Georgians who attended: *

Importance of Georgia

Battle of Kettle Creek: Important People in Georgia Elijah Clarke:

Austin Dabney:

Importance:

Nancy Hart:

Siege of Savannah:

Button Gwinnett:

Reflection: If you had to summarize this war in 2 – 4 sen- Lyman Hall: tences, reflecting on the big idea, what would it be?

George Walton:

Physical Science 8th Grade Week 4 (5/4 - 5/8) Barnard & Hill Monday - Day 1

Name:______Date:______Period:______

Electromagnetic Spectrum

INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the blanks using the words below. Increasing High Low UV Rays Long X-Rays Microwaves Radio Waves Short Gamma Rays Infrared Rays Visible Light

Order of the colors: ______

Monday - Day 1

Name:______Date:______Period:______

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Order of the colors: ______

1. If electromagnetic waves have a short wavelength, they have ______frequency. 2. If electromagnetic waves have a long wavelength, they have ______frequency. 3. If electromagnetic waves have a low frequency, they have a ______wavelength. 4. If electromagnetic waves have a high frequency, they have a ______wavelength. 5. The electromagnetic waves with the greatest energy are ______. These waves have a ______wavelength and a ______frequency. 6. The electromagnetic waves with the least energy are ______. These waves have a ______wavelength and a ______frequency.

Create a memorable mnemonic to remember the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from long wavelength to short wavelength (low frequency to high frequency)! Example: Red Monkeys Invade Venus Using X-Ray Guns! Mnemonic:______

Note: Remember the electromagnetic spectrum can be organized from long wavelength to short wavelength (low frequency to high frequency) as shown on this worksheet or from short wavelength to long wavelength (high frequency to low frequency) so don’t get confused!

Tuesday - Day 2

Grade 8 Science Name:

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

1. What does it mean to say that electromagnetic radiation can travel in a vacuum? Use examples ______

2. Using a diagram, explain what a wavelength is

______

3. Using a diagram, explain the difference between high-frequency waves and low frequency waves.

______4. Place the following electromagnetic waves from lowest to highest energy: blue light, microwaves, X rays, orange light, infrared radiation. ______

5. Draw a Diagram to show a low frequency:

Draw a Diagram to show a high frequency:

What happened to the wavelength? ______

6. Draw your own electromagnetic spectrum. Add in all the types of electromagnetic waves you would have encountered in the last year: Wednesday - Day 3 First Name: Last Name: Due Date: Longitudinal & Transverse Waves Directions: Please review the questions below before beginning this activity sheet. If there are questions you cannot answer, circle it and move on. Come back to those questions once you are finished.

1. Draw a transverse wave in the box below:

2. Draw a longitudinal wave in the box below:

3. Label the parts of the wave below: a. Rest position b. Amplitude c. Trough d. Crest e. Wavelength

4. True or False: most waves need something to travel through.

5. Name 3 mediums that waves travel through: a. b. c. 6. Create a transverse wave on the following rest position with: a. Wavelength: 3 cm b. Amplitude: 2 cm c. Number of Waves: 3

7. Create a transverse wave on the following rest position with: a. Wavelength: 3 cm b. Amplitude: 1 cm c. Number of Waves: 2

8. What is the speed of a wave with a wavelength of 25 meters and a frequency of 3 hertz? Show your work. Speed=Wavelength x Frequency

9. What is the frequency of a wave with a speed of 12 m/s and a wavelength of 2 meters? Show your work. Speed Frequency= Wavelength

11. Mechanical waves form when a source of ______causes a medium to vibrate.

12. At what angle does a transverse wave vibrate a medium? ______

13. Draw what a compression AND rarefaction looks like on a longitudinal wave. Label both areas in the box below:

14. True or False: For a longitudinal wave, the wavelength is the distance between compressions.

15. Circle one: Which travels faster sound or light waves?

16. Does air temperature affect the speed of sound? Explain why or why not:

17. The more energy a wave has… a. The greater its amplitude b. The lower its amplitude

18. The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is its ______.

19. True or False: Different waves travel at the same speeds.

20. The height of a wave’s crest depends on its ______.

That Red Haired Science Teacher ©2019 3 Label each part of the wave and label what type of wave (transversal or longitudinal) the wave is. Make sure to use your definitions and textbook to help you label these correctly. This is a ______wave Thursday - Day 4 1.______2.______

4.______3.______

5.______This is a ______wave 1.______

2.______3.______

1. What is the main difference between a surface and a longitudinal wave? ______2. What does every type of wave, regardless of medium or method of transmission, transfer? a) Color b) Light c) Energy d) Matter 3. What is rarefaction? ______4. Dr. Allison’s class is learning about different forms of energy and how energy travels through different mediums. They learn that sound waves transfer energy through a material. Which of these materials can sound waves travel though? Choose the two that apply: a) Air b) Outer Space c) Water 5. If a sound wave has a frequency of 85 Hz and a wavelength of 2 meters, what is its speed? ______6. Dylan is surfing in the ocean. He is sitting on his board, waiting for a wave to come so he can ride it in to shore. As he waits, he notices that the waves roll by in patterns, or sets. As the top of each wave passes by, it pushes Dylan up on his board. What part of the wave does this? a) Compression b) Crest c) Rarefaction d) Trough Thursday - Day 4

Name: ______Period: ______BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT WAVES

REFLECTION Describe

Illustrate

REFRACTION Describe

Illustrate

DIFFRACTION Describe

Illustrate

ABSORPTION Describe

Illustrate Friday - Day 5

Name:______Period:______Date:______Begin on page 42 and read through page 48 in order to fill out this reflection sheet. What is a wave? A wave is any ______that ______energy from one place to another. Waves travel through a ______, which is the type of ______it moves through, or a ______which is completely empty space. There are two main types of waves: v Mechanical waves, which must have a ______in order to travel and cannot travel through empty space v Electromagnetic waves, which transfers ______through a medium OR a vacuum.. 1. An ocean wave is a…. 2. A sound wave is a… 3. Visible light is a… a) Mechanical wave a) Mechanical wave a) Mechanical wave b) Electromagnetic wave b) Electromagnetic wave b) Electromagnetic wave How is energy transmitted with waves? Waves are classified by the way they move energy. Mechanical waves move energy through a ______, and electromagnetic waves can move energy through a ______or a ______. Waves use vibrations from a ______to move energy from one place to another. The direction of the ______determines what type of mechanical or electromagnetic is ______. v Transverse waves travel ______(at a right angle) to the direction of the ______motion. v ______waves travel in the same direction as the vibrations that produce them. v Surface waves combine ______and ______qualities, vibrating ______and ______& ______and ______. This causes movement in a circle. 1. Transverse waves are usually: 2. A longitudinal wave vibrates by: 3. Identify the type of wave for a) Curved a) Compressing and expanding air each example, either longitudinal b) Stretched b) Moving up and down transversal or surface: c) Rarefaction c) Bouncing in a circle Sunlight______d) Straight Sound______Properties of waves. Ocean______Waves are defined by many properties, which are all ______to one another. Waves are broken into different parts, which give us different types of information about the wave. The crest is the ______point of a wave.

The low point is the ______.

• Halfway between the crest and the trough is the ______position of the wave. • Wavelength is the ______that a wave travels before it ______. a) In transverse it is the distance from ______to ______. b) In longitudinal it is the distance from one ______to the next. The distance in a transverse wave between the highest ______and the resting position is the ______of a wave. Amplitude of a longitudinal wave, with no evident crest or trough, is found by seeing how far the compression coils of the wave are from one another. Frequency is the number of times a wave ______in a certain amount of time. We use ______to measure frequency, which is calculated by seeing how many waves pass through in one second. Speed is determined by the ______it travels in a certain amount of time. All waves have ______speeds depending on the type of wave and its medium. The speed is calculated by: 1. Dividing ______traveled by ______it takes to travel that distance.

2. Multiplying ______by ______. The amount of energy a wave transmits depends on how much energy was ______by the source of the ______. --Faster vibrations transmit ______--Larger ______vibrations also transmit ______energy. A wave’s energy is directly ______to its frequency. --If frequency doubles, energy ______. --It is also proportional to the ______of its ______. Like other forms of energy, waves are measured with ______(J) 1. A wave that occurs once every second has a frequency of : 2. What is the speed of a wave that travels 12 a) 1 Hz miles in 4 seconds? b) 2 Hz a) 3 miles per second c) 3 Hz b) 12 miles per second d) 0 Hz c) 4 miles per second 3. Complete the table below using your knowledge of wave properties, then answer the questions.

Waves at St. Pete Beach Time Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Speed 10 AM 0.4 m 10 m 2 Hz 2 PM 0.2 m 4 Hz 2 m/s 6 PM 0.3 m 12 m 4 m/s a) What would happen to the energy of the 10 AM wave if the frequency increased to 6 Hz? ______b) If the amplitude of the 6 PM wave increased to 0.6 m, how many times greater would the energy become? ______c) Speed = wavelength x frequency. Assuming that the wavelength of a wave stays the same, would energy go up or down if the speed of the wave increased? Why?______

ELA

8th Grade

Week 4 (5/4 - 5/8)

Clemens & Gay

Capitalization and End Punctuation Worksheet

Capitalization is the writing of a word with its first letter as upper case and the remaining letters in lower case. Capital letters are used to start sentences and identify proper nouns.

Write each sentence below. Capitalize and punctuate each one correctly.

i got out the bread to make a turkey sandwich I got out the bread to make a turkey sandwich.

1. i hope to have more continued success in the future

2. the pitcher threw the baseball very fast

3. that effect was spectacular we enjoyed it very much

4. make sure to pick up a program at the door

5. i am so excited to watch the game tonight

6. which hospital did you visit

7. my friend made a mistake when he told me where to go

8. remember to bring your pencils and paper to class

Capitalization and End Punctuation Worksheet

Answers:

1. I hope to have more continued success in the future.

2. The pitcher threw the baseball very fast.

3. That effect was spectacular. We enjoyed it very much.

4. Make sure to pick up a program at the door.

5. I am so excited to watch the game tonight!

6. Which hospital did you visit?

7. My friend made a mistake when he told me where to go.

8. Remember to bring your pencils and paper to class.

Capitalization and End Punctuation Worksheet

All Summer in a Day By Ray Bradbury recall. Sometimes, at night, she heard them "Ready ?" stir, in remembrance, and she knew they "Ready." were dreaming and remembering gold or a "Now ?" yellow crayon or a coin large enough to buy "Soon." the world with. She knew they thought they "Do the scientists really know? Will it remembered a warmness, like a blushing in happen today, will it ?" the face, in the body, in the arms and legs "Look, look; see for yourself !" and trembling hands. But then they always The children pressed to each other like so awoke to the tatting drum, the endless many roses, so many weeds, intermixed, shaking down of clear bead necklaces upon peering out for a look at the hidden sun. the roof, the walk, the gardens, the forests, It rained. and their dreams were gone. It had been raining for seven years; All day yesterday they had read in class thousands upon thousands of days about the sun. About how like a lemon it compounded and filled from one end to the was, and how hot. And they had written other with rain, with the drum and gush of small stories or essays or poems about it:I water, with the sweet crystal fall of showers think the sun is a flower,That blooms for just and the concussion of storms so heavy they one hour. That was Margot’s poem, read were tidal waves come over the islands. A in a quiet voice in the still classroom while thousand forests had been crushed under the rain was falling outside. the rain and grown up a thousand times to "Aw, you didn’t write that!" protested one be crushed again. And this was the way life of the boys. was forever on the planet Venus, and this "I did," said Margot. "I did." was the schoolroom of the children of the "William!" said the teacher. rocket men and women who had come to a But that was yesterday. Now the rain was raining world to set up civilization and live slackening, and the children were crushed in out their lives. the great thick windows. "It’s stopping, it’s stopping !" Where’s teacher ?" "Yes, yes !" "She’ll be back." Margot stood apart from them, from these "She’d better hurry, we’ll miss it !" children who could ever remember a time They turned on themselves, like a when there wasn’t rain and rain and rain. feverish wheel, all tumbling spokes. Margot They were all nine years old, and if there stood alone. She was a very frail girl who had been a day, seven years ago, when the looked as if she had been lost in the rain for sun came out for an hour and showed its years and the rain had washed out the blue face to the stunned world, they could not from her eyes and the red from her mouth and the yellow from her hair. She was an old "You’re lying, you don’t remember !" cried photograph dusted from an album, whitened the children. away, and if she spoke at all her voice would But she remembered and stood quietly be a ghost. Now she stood, separate, apart from all of them and watched the staring at the rain and the loud wet world patterning windows. And once, a month ago, beyond the huge glass. she had refused to shower in the school "What’re you looking at ?" said William. shower rooms, had clutched her hands to Margot said nothing. her ears and over her head, screaming the "Speak when you’re spoken to." water mustn’t touch her head. So after that, He gave her a shove. But she did not dimly, dimly, she sensed it, she was different move; rather she let herself be moved only and they knew her difference and kept by him and nothing else. They edged away away. There was talk that her father and from her, they would not look at her. She felt mother were taking her back to Earth next them go away. And this was because she year; it seemed vital to her that they do so, would play no games with them in the though it would mean the loss of thousands echoing tunnels of the underground city. If of dollars to her family. And so, the children they tagged her and ran, she stood blinking hated her for all these reasons of big and after them and did not follow. When the little consequence. They hated her pale class sang songs about happiness and life snow face, her waiting silence, her thinness, and games her lips barely moved. Only and her possible future. when they sang about the sun and the "Get away !" The boy gave her another summer did her lips move as she watched push. "What’re you waiting for?" the drenched windows. And then, of course, Then, for the first time, she turned and the biggest crime of all was that she had looked at him. And what she was waiting for come here only five years ago from Earth, was in her eyes. and she remembered the sun and the way "Well, don’t wait around here !" cried the the sun was and the sky was when she was boy savagely. "You won’t see nothing!" four in Ohio. And they, they had been on Her lips moved. Venus all their lives, and they had been only "Nothing !" he cried. "It was all a joke, two years old when last the sun came out wasn’t it?" He turned to the other children. and had long since forgotten the color and "Nothing’s happening today. Is it ?" heat of it and the way it really was. They all blinked at him and then, But Margot remembered. understanding, laughed and shook their "It’s like a penny," she said once, eyes heads. closed. "Nothing, nothing !" "No it’s not!" the children cried. "Oh, but," Margot whispered, her eyes "It’s like a fire," she said, "in the stove." helpless. "But this is the day, the scientists predict, they say, they know, the sun…" their hands to their ears. They stood apart. "All a joke !" said the boy, and seized her The door slid back and the smell of the roughly. "Hey, everyone, let’s put her in a silent, waiting world came in to them. closet before the teacher comes !" The sun came out. "No," said Margot, falling back. It was the color of flaming bronze and it They surged about her, caught her up and was very large. And the sky around it was a bore her, protesting, and then pleading, and blazing blue tile color. And the jungle burned then crying, back into a tunnel, a room, a with sunlight as the children, released from closet, where they slammed and locked the their spell, rushed out, yelling into the door. They stood looking at the door and springtime. saw it tremble from her beating and throwing "Now, don’t go too far," called the teacher herself against it. They heard her muffled after them. "You’ve only two hours, you cries. Then, smiling, the turned and went out know. You wouldn’t want to get caught out !" and back down the tunnel, just as the But they were running and turning their teacher arrived. faces up to the sky and feeling the sun on "Ready, children ?" She glanced at her their cheeks like a warm iron; they were watch. taking off their jackets and letting the sun "Yes !" said everyone. burn their arms. "Are we all here ?" "Oh, it’s better than the sun lamps, isn’t it "Yes !" ?" The rain slacked still more. "Much, much better !" They crowded to the huge door. They stopped running and stood in the The rain stopped. great jungle that covered Venus, that grew It was as if, in the midst of a film and never stopped growing, tumultuously, concerning an avalanche, a tornado, a even as you watched it. It was a nest of hurricane, a volcanic eruption, something octopi, clustering up great arms of fleshlike had, first, gone wrong with the sound weed, wavering, flowering in this brief apparatus, thus muffling and finally cutting spring. It was the color of rubber and ash, off all noise, all of the blasts and this jungle, from the many years without sun. repercussions and thunders, and then, It was the color of stones and white cheeses second, ripped the film from the projector and ink, and it was the color of the moon. and inserted in its place a beautiful tropical The children lay out, laughing, on the slide which did not move or tremor. The jungle mattress, and heard it sigh and world ground to a standstill. The silence was squeak under them resilient and alive. They so immense and unbelievable that you felt ran among the trees, they slipped and fell, your ears had been stuffed or you had lost they pushed each other, they played hide- your hearing altogether. The children put and-seek and tag, but most of all they squinted at the sun until the tears ran down a flash. their faces; they put their hands up to that They stood in the doorway of the yellowness and that amazing blueness and underground for a moment until it was they breathed of the fresh, fresh air and raining hard. Then they closed the door and listened and listened to the silence which heard the gigantic sound of the rain falling in suspended them in a blessed sea of no tons and avalanches, everywhere and sound and no motion. They looked at forever. everything and savored everything. Then, "Will it be seven more years ?" wildly, like animals escaped from their "Yes. Seven." caves, they ran and ran in shouting circles. Then one of them gave a little cry. They ran for an hour and did not stop "Margot !" running. "What ?" And then - "She’s still in the closet where we locked In the midst of their running one of the her." girls wailed. "Margot." Everyone stopped. They stood as if someone had driven The girl, standing in the open, held out them, like so many stakes, into the floor. her hand. They looked at each other and then looked "Oh, look, look," she said, trembling. away. They glanced out at the world that They came slowly to look at her opened was raining now and raining and raining palm. steadily. They could not meet each other’s In the center of it, cupped and huge, was glances. Their faces were solemn and pale. a single raindrop. She began to cry, looking They looked at their hands and feet, their at it. They glanced quietly at the sun. faces down. "Oh. Oh." "Margot." A few cold drops fell on their noses and One of the girls said, "Well… ?" their cheeks and their mouths. The sun No one moved. faded behind a stir of mist. A wind blew cold "Go on," whispered the girl. around them. They turned and started to They walked slowly down the hall in the walk back toward the underground house, sound of cold rain. They turned through the their hands at their sides, their smiles doorway to the room in the sound of the vanishing away. storm and thunder, lightning on their faces, A boom of thunder startled them and like blue and terrible. They walked over to the leaves before a new hurricane, they tumbled closet door slowly and stood by it. upon each other and ran. Lightning struck Behind the closet door was only silence. ten miles away, five miles away, a mile, a They unlocked the door, even more half mile. The sky darkened into midnight in slowly, and let Margot out. Name ______Date ______

All Summer in a Day

1. Bradbury provides a vivid description of life on Venus. Describe the setting and how it affects the mood. Why does the author begin the story this way?

2. In the beginning of the story, “the children are pressed to each other like so many roses, so many weeds, intermixed peering out for a look at the hidden sun” through the window. How do these words by the author convey tone? Why does the author create this tone?

3. Reread the paragraph beginning with “Margot stood apart”. What does the reader learn about Margot’s character? What does the author imply about Margot's character?

4. Reread the paragraph beginning with “Margot stood alone”. Bradbury states, "She was an old photograph". What can the reader infer about how the other students view Margot based on the metaphor? 5. The phrases, “Aw, you didn’t write that!” and “What’re you looking at?” are the first responses that William utters to Margot. Why does William have these reactions?

6. What evidence shows that it is vital for Margot to return to earth even though it may result in the loss of thousands of dollars to her family?

7. Consequence in the context means “importance”. The levels of importance vary. Bradbury states, "and the children hated Margot for all the big and little consequences”. Some were not very important reasons while one was especially an important reason to the children. What are these “big and little consequences?”

8. Bradbury states," the students surge about her" to shove Margot into the closet. What motivates them to do this act?

9. Bradbury carefully chooses his words. Connotation means the emotional feeling attached to a word. What is the connotation of the words surge, bore and protesting as used in the text? 10. During the short story, the author states that the students are “smiling”. What theme can be inferred by the students’ wicked smiling?

11. Compare how the children walk away from the door when they push Margot into the closet with how the children walk back to the closet to let her out at the end.

12. Why are the children able to empathize with Margot at the end of the story?

Name: ______Inferences Worksheet 4

Directions: Read each passage and then respond to the questions. Each question will ask you to make a logical inference based on textual details. Explain your answer by referencing the text.

Mr. Thomas sat on the front porch of his house in a bathrobe and bunny slippers with his head in his hands. He was holding the daily newspaper. The sun shined brightly in the sky. His neighbors were coming out of their houses and getting in their cars. Mr. Thomas sighed. His neighbor Mr. Rosencrantz stepped out on his porch and saw Mr. Thomas. "Did it again, huh?" said Mr. Rosencrantz. Mr. Thomas replied, "Yep." Mr. Rosencrantz chuckled and said, "Here, Mr. Thomas, you can use my cell phone. I could even keep a key over here if you wanted." Tom thankfully grabbed the cell phone and called his wife. "Honey, I did it again." Mr. Rosencrantz heard Mrs. Thomas yelling at Mr. Thomas in a distorted high-pitched squeal. "Yes, dear. I'm so sorry. I'll see you soon," Mr. Thomas returned the phone, sighed deeply, and ran his fingers through his hair.

1. What is the thing that Mr. Thomas "did again"? ______

How do you know this?

2. Why will Mr. Thomas see Mrs. Thomas soon? ______

How do you know this?

Mr. Ericson was a manager at a small insurance company in Minnesota. One cold winter day, April McKenzie, one of his employees, approached him about some time off from work. "This job is very important to me, Mr. Ericson, but I've been called into jury duty. When my government asks for my help, I have to answer the call." Mr. Ericson rubbed his forehead. "We really need you here, April, but the government needs you more. Take the time. We'll be alright." Mr. Ericson had thought that they needed her there at the office, but they managed fine without her. When April returned a week later, Mr. Ericson noticed that most of her skin was bright shade of red except for around her eyes. Pale white circles ran from the top of her eyebrows to the bottom of her cheeks. These pale circles were surrounded by sunburned flesh. That's when Mr. Ericson knew. "April, step into my office. There are some things we need to discuss," Mr. Ericson said ominously.

3. Where was April? ______

How do you know this?

4. What does Mr. Ericson want to talk about with April? ______

How do you know this?

5. Why does April have white circles around her eyes? ______

How do you know this?

Gloria was driving around the neighborhood in her pajamas. Every block or so she'd stop the car, hold her head out of the door, whistle, and call out "Candy! Candy! Come here girl!" Then she'd start the car again and slowly drive another block or two, looking around from left to right. Curtis sat in the passenger seat. He was looking around too, but he held his head low. "How many times have I told you to make sure that you shut and lock the door after you come in?" Gloria reprimanded Curtis. Curtis sighed. He felt bad enough without her finger-wagging.

6. Who is Candy and what are Gloria and Curtis doing? ______

How do you know this?

7. How did Candy get out? ______

How do you know this?

8. Why does Curtis feel bad? ______

How do you know this?

Justin came running down the stairs wearing his Tatakai Ninjas pajamas. He did a karate kick off of the last step and shouted "Kiya!" He slipped on the floor and almost fell as he landed, which didn't stop him from continuing to practice his ninja strikes on his way to the bathroom. He brushed his teeth with his Tatakai Ninjas toothbrush and rinsed his mouth out with water from a Tatakai Ninjas cup. "Moooooom, Daaaaad! It's time to open my present!" After his parents came downstairs and poured themselves coffee, Justin began to open his present. His fingers were tense with excitement. Then they were still. It was six pairs of plain white socks. Justin checked in the box for something else. There was nothing. He looked at his parents and said, "Oh, socks. Just what I needed. Thank you so much," and then he sighed.

9. Is Justin happy with the socks? ______

How do you know this?

10. What present would have made Justin happier? ______

How do you know this?

Name: ______Nonfiction Reading Test Google

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Refer to the text to check your answers when appropriate.

You know that you're doing something big when Google was the first search engine that began your company name becomes a verb. Ask Xerox. considering links. Links are those blue underlined In 1959 they created the first plain paper copy words that take you to other pages when you click machine. It was one of the most successful on them. Larry Page, cofounder of Google, products ever. The company name Xerox grew believed that meaningful data could be drawn from into a verb that means "to copy," as in "Bob, can how those links connect. Page figured that you Xerox this for me?" Around 50 years later, the websites with many links pointing at them were same thing happened to Google. Their company more important than those that had few. He was name grew into a verb that means "to do an right. Google's search results were much better internet search." Now everyone and their grandma than their rivals. They would soon become the knows what it means to Google it. world's most used search engine.

Unlike Xerox, Google wasn't the first company to It wasn't just the great search results that led to invent their product, not by a long shot. Lycos Google becoming so well liked. It also had to do released their search engine in 1993. Yahoo! came with the way that they presented their product. out in 1994. AltaVista began serving results in Most of the other search engines were cluttered. 1995. Google did not come out until years later, in Their home pages were filled with everything from 1998. Though a few years difference may not news stories to stock quotes. But Google's seem like much, this is a major head start in the homepage was, and still is, clean. There's nothing fast moving world of tech. So how did Google do on it but the logo, the search box, and a few links. it? How did they overtake their competitors who It almost appears empty. In fact, when they were had such huge leads in time and money? Maybe first testing it, users would wait at the home page one good idea made all the difference. and not do anything. When asked why, they said that they were, "waiting for the rest of the page to There are millions and millions of sites on the load." People couldn't imagine such a clean and internet. How does a search engine know which open page as being complete. But the fresh design ones are relevant to your search? This is a question grew on people once they got used to it. that great minds have been working on for decades. To understand how Google changed the These days Google has its hands in everything game, you need to know how search engines from self-driving cars to helping humans live worked in 1998. Back then most websites looked longer. Though they have many other popular at the words in your query. They counted how products, they will always be best known for their many times those words appeared on each page. search engine. The Google search engine has Then they might return pages where the words in changed our lives and our language. Not only is it your query appeared the most. This system did not a fantastic product, it is a standing example that work well and people often had to click through one good idea (and a lot of hard work) can change pages and pages of results to find what they the world. wanted.

1. Which event happened last? a. Lycos released their search engine. b. Yahoo! released their search engine. c. Google released their search engine. d. Xerox released their copy machine.

2. Which statement would the author of this text most likely disagree with? a. Part of Google's success is due to the design of their homepage. b. Google succeeded by following examples of others in their field. c. Google wasn't the first search engine, but it was the best. d. Google's success may not have been possible without Larry Page.

3. Which best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph? a. There are lots and lots of websites connected to the internet. b. Google created a better way to organize search results. c. Many smart people have worked on search engines over the years. d. Older search engines used unreliable methods to order results.

4. What is the author's main purpose in writing this article? a. To explain how Google overtook its rivals b. To compare and contrast Google and Xerox c. To persuade readers to use Google for internet searches d. To discuss how companies can influence language over time

5. Which statement would the author most likely agree with? a. Google became successful because its founders were well-connected. b. Google was the world's first and best search engine. c. Google changed the world by solving an old problem in a new way. d. Google's other products are now more important to its success than search.

6. Which best expresses the main idea of the fourth paragraph? a. Links allow people to surf from one website to the next. b. Larry Page's ideas about links helped Google get to the top. c. Larry Page contributed to the internet by inventing the link. d. Google is a website that serves important links to users.

7. Which best explains why the author discusses Xerox in this text? a. He is discussing big companies that came before Google. b. He is explaining how companies must change with the times. c. He is showing how companies can affect our language. d. He is comparing and contrasting Google and Xerox.

8. How did Google improve search quality in 1998? a. They counted how many times queries appeared on each page. b. They looked more closely at the words in search queries. c. They linked to more pages. d. They studied the relationships of links.

9. Which was cited as a reason why Google became so popular? a. Google's homepage was clean. b. Google provided catchy news stories on their homepage. c. Google homepage loaded quickly. d. Google provided useful stock quotes on their homepage.

10. Which title best expresses the author's main purpose in writing this text? a. Xerox Vs. Google: Battle of the Titans b. Search Engines: How They Work and Why They're Important c. A Better Way: How Google Rose to the Top d. Search Engines: A Short History of Important Tools

Long Response

1. What can readers learn about Google's approach to doing business based on reading this article? Use information from the text to support your response.

______

2. Explain how Google was able to overcome its competitors. Cite information from the text to support your response.

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3. What do Google and Xerox have in common? Support your answer with information from the text.

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______That Spot By Jack London

Directions: Read the short story. Answer the questions. Refer to the text to check your answers when appropriate.

I don't think much of Stephen Mackaye any more, though I used message there, but I wasn't big enough myself to catch it. to swear by him. I know that in those days I loved him more Whatever it was (I know I'm making a fool of myself)-- than my brother. If ever I meet Stephen Mackaye again, I shall whatever it was, it baffled me. I can't give an inkling of what I not be responsible for my actions. It passes beyond me that a saw in that brute's eyes; it wasn't light, it wasn't color; it was man with whom I shared food and blanket, and with whom I something that moved, away back, when the eyes themselves mushed over the Chilcoot Trail, should turn out the way he did. weren't moving. And I guess I didn't see it move, either; I only I always sized Steve up as a square man, a kindly comrade, sensed that it moved. It was an expression,--that's what it was,-- without an iota of anything vindictive or malicious in his nature. and I got an impression of it. No; it was different from a mere I shall never trust my judgment in men again. Why, I nursed that expression; it was more than that. I don't know what it was, but man through typhoid fever; we starved together on the it gave me a feeling of kinship just the same. Oh, no, not headwaters of the Stewart; and he saved my life on the Little sentimental kinship. It was, rather, a kinship of equality. Those Salmon. And now, after the years we were together, all I can say eyes never pleaded like a deer's eyes. They challenged. No, it of Stephen Mackaye is that he is the meanest man I ever knew. wasn't defiance. It was just a calm assumption of equality. And I

We started for the Klondike in the fall rush of 1897, and we don't think it was deliberate. My belief is that it was started too late to get over Chilcoot Pass before the freeze-up. unconscious on his part. It was there because it was there, and it We packed our outfit on our backs part way over, when the couldn't help shining out. No, I don't mean shine. It didn't shine; snow began to fly, and then we had to buy dogs in order to sled it moved. I know I'm talking rot, but if you'd looked into that it the rest of the way. That was how we came to get that Spot. animal's eyes the way I have, you'd understand. Steve was Dogs were high, and we paid one hundred and ten dollars for affected the same way I was. Why, I tried to kill that Spot once-- him. He looked worth it. I say looked, because he was one of the he was no good for anything; and I fell down on it. I led him out finest-appearing dogs I ever saw. He weighed sixty pounds, and into the brush, and he came along slow and unwilling. He knew he had all the lines of a good sled animal. We never could make what was going on. I stopped in a likely place, put my foot on out his breed. He wasn't husky, nor Malemute, nor Hudson Bay; the rope, and pulled my big Colt's. And that dog sat down and he looked like all of them and he didn't look like any of them; looked at me. I tell you he didn't plead. He just looked. And I and on top of it all, in the thick of the mixed yellow-brown-red- saw all kinds of incomprehensible things moving, yes, moving, and-dirty-white that was his prevailing color, there was a spot of in those eyes of his. I didn't really see them move; I thought I coal-black as big as a water bucket. That was why we called him saw them, for, as I said before, I guess I only sensed them. And Spot. I want to tell you right now that it got beyond me. It was like killing a man, a conscious, brave man who looked calmly into He was a good looker all right. When he was in condition his your gun as much as to say, "Who's afraid?" Then, too, the muscles stood out in bunches all over him. And he was the message seemed so near that, instead of pulling the trigger strongest-looking brute I ever saw in Alaska, also the most quick, I stopped to see if I could catch the message. There it intelligent-looking. To run your eyes over him, you'd think he was, right before me, glimmering all around in those eyes of his. could outpull three dogs of his own weight. Maybe he could, but And then it was too late. I got scared. I was trembly all over, and I never saw it. His intelligence didn't run that way. He could my stomach generated a nervous palpitation that made me steal and forage to perfection; he had an instinct that was seasick. I just sat down and looked at that dog, and he looked at positively gruesome for divining when work was to be done and me, till I thought I was going crazy. Do you want to know what for making a sneak accordingly; and for getting lost and not I did? I threw down the gun and ran back to camp with the fear staying lost he was nothing short of inspired. But when it came of God in my heart. Steve laughed at me. But I notice that Steve to work, the way that intelligence dribbled out of him and left led Spot into the woods, a week later, for the same purpose, and him a mere clot of wobbling, stupid jelly would make your heart that Steve came back alone, and a little later Spot drifted back, bleed. too.

There are times when I think it wasn't stupidity. Maybe, like At any rate, Spot wouldn't work. We paid a hundred and ten some men I know, he was too wise to work. I shouldn't wonder dollars for him from the bottom of our sack, and he wouldn't if he put it all over us with that intelligence of his. Maybe he work. He wouldn't even tighten the traces. Steve spoke to him figured it all out and decided that a licking now and again and the first time we put him in harness, and he sort of shivered, that no work was a whole lot better than work all the time and no was all. Not an ounce on the traces. He just stood still and licking. He was intelligent enough for such a computation. I tell wobbled, like so much jelly. Steve touched him with the whip. you, I've sat and looked into that dog's eyes till the shivers ran He yelped, but not an ounce. Steve touched him again, a bit up and down my spine and the marrow crawled like yeast, what harder, and he howled--the regular long wolf howl. Then Steve of the intelligence I saw shining out. I can't express myself got mad and gave him half a dozen, and I came on the run from about that intelligence. It is beyond mere words. I saw it, that's the tent. all. At times it was like gazing into a human soul, to look into his eyes; and what I saw there frightened me and started all sorts I told Steve he was brutal with the animal, and we had some of ideas in my own mind of reincarnation and all the rest. I tell words--the first we'd ever had. He threw the whip down in the you I sensed something big in that brute's eyes; there was a snow and walked away mad. I picked it up and went to it. That Spot trembled and wobbled and cowered before ever I swung the lash, and with the first bite of it he howled like a lost soul. abused us was something awful. He said it was cheap at the Next he lay down in the snow. I started the rest of the dogs, and price to tell us what he thought of us; and we felt he was so they dragged him along, while I threw the whip into him. He justified that we never talked back. But to this day I've never rolled over on his back and bumped along, his four legs waving quite regained all the old self-respect that was mine before that in the air, himself howling as though he was going through a man talked to me. sausage machine. Steve came back and laughed at me, and I When the ice cleared out of the lakes and river, we put our outfit apologized for what I'd said. in a Lake Bennet boat and started for Dawson. We had a good There was no getting any work out of that Spot; and to make up team of dogs, and of course we piled them on top the outfit. for it, he was the biggest pig-glutton of a dog I ever saw. On top That Spot was along--there was no losing him; and a dozen of that, he was the cleverest thief. These was no circumventing times, the first day, he knocked one or another of the dogs him. Many a breakfast we went without our bacon because Spot overboard in the course of fighting with them. It was close had been there first. And it was because of him that we nearly quarters, and he didn't like being crowded. starved to death up the Stewart. He figured out the way to break "What that dog needs is space," Steve said the second day. into our meat cache, and what he didn't eat, the rest of the team "Let's maroon him." did. But he was impartial. He stole from everybody. He was a We did, running the boat in at Caribou Crossing for him to jump restless dog, always very busy snooping around or going ashore. Two of the other dogs, good dogs, followed him; and we somewhere. And there was never a camp within five miles that lost two whole days trying to find them. We never saw those he didn't raid. The worst of it was that they always came back two dogs again; but the quietness and relief we enjoyed made us on us to pay his board bill, which was just, being the law of the decide, like the man who refused his hundred and fifty, that it land; but it was mighty hard on us, especially that first winter on was cheap at the price. For the first time in months Steve and I the Chilcoot, when we were busted, paying for whole hams and laughed and whistled and sang. We were as happy as clams. The sides of bacon that we never ate. He could fight, too, that Spot. dark days were over. The nightmare had been lifted. That Spot He could do everything but work. He never pulled a pound, but was gone. he was the boss of the whole team. The way he made those dogs stand around was an education. He bullied them, and there was Three weeks later, one morning, Steve and I were standing on always one or more of them fresh-marked with his fangs. But he the river bank at Dawson. A small boat was just arriving from was more than a bully. He wasn't afraid of anything that walked Lake Bennett. I saw Steve give a start, and heard him say on four legs; and I've seen him march, single-handed, into a something that was not nice and that was not under his breath. strange team, without any provocation whatever, and put the Then I looked; and there, in the bow of the boat, with ears kibosh on the whole outfit. Did I say he could eat? I caught him pricked up, sat Spot. Steve and I sneaked immediately, like eating the whip once. That's straight. He started in at the lash, beaten curs, like cowards, like absconders from justice. It was and when I caught him he was down to the handle, and still this last that the lieutenant of police thought when he saw us going. sneaking. He surmised that there were law officers in the boat who were after us. He didn't wait to find out, but kept us in But he was a good looker. At the end of the first week we sold sight, and in the M.&.M. saloon got us in a corner. We had a him for seventy-five dollars to the Mounted Police. They had merry time explaining, for we refused to go back to the boat and experienced dog drivers, and we knew that by the time he'd meet Spot; and finally he held us under guard of another covered the six hundred miles to Dawson he'd be a good sled policeman while he went to the boat. After we got clear of him, dog. I say we knew, for we were just getting acquainted with we started for the cabin, and when we arrived, there was that that Spot. A little later we were not brash enough to know Spot sitting on the stoop waiting for us. Now how did he know anything where he was concerned. A week later we woke up in we lived there? There were forty thousand people in Dawson the morning to the dangedest dog fight we'd ever heard. It was that summer, and how did he savvy our cabin out of all the that Spot come back and knocking the team into shape. We ate a cabins? How did he know we were in Dawson, anyway? I leave pretty depressing breakfast, I can tell you; but cheered up two it to you. But don't forget what I have said about his intelligence hours afterward when we sold him to an official courier, bound and that immortal something I have seen glimmering in his eyes. in to Dawson with government dispatches. That Spot was only three days in coming back, and, as usual, celebrated his arrival There was no getting rid of him any more. There were too many with a rough-house. people in Dawson who had bought him up on Chilcoot, and the story got around. Half a dozen times we put him on board We spent the winter and spring, after our own outfit was across steamboats going down the Yukon; but he merely went ashore the pass, freighting other people's outfits; and we made a fat at the first landing and trotted back up the bank. We couldn't sell stake. Also, we made money out of Spot. If we sold him once, him, we couldn't kill him (both Steve and I had tried), and we sold him twenty times. He always came back, and no one nobody else was able to kill him. He bore a charmed life. I've asked for their money. We didn't want the money. We'd have seen him go down in a dog fight on the main street with fifty paid handsomely for any one to take him off our hands for dogs on top of him, and when they were separated, he'd appear keeps. We had to get rid of him, and we couldn't give him away, on all his four legs, unharmed, while two of the dogs that had for that would have been suspicious. been on top of him would be lying dead.

But he was such a fine looker that we never had any difficulty in I saw him steal a chunk of moose meat from Major Dinwiddie's selling him. "Unbroke," we'd say, and they'd pay any old price cache so heavy that he could just keep one jump ahead of Mrs. for him. We sold him as low as twenty-five dollars, and once we Dinwiddie's squaw cook, who was after him with an ax. As he got a hundred and fifty for him. That particular party returned went up the hill, after the squaw gave out, Major Dinwiddie him in person, refused to take his money back, and the way he himself came out and pumped his Winchester into the landscape. He emptied his magazine twice, and never touched up to eat him? We sat up nights laying for him, but he never that Spot. Then a policeman came along and arrested him for came back, and we ate the other dogs. We ate the whole team. discharging firearms inside the city limits. Major Dinwiddie And now for the sequel. You know what it is when a big river paid his fine, and Steve and I paid him for the moose meat at the breaks up and a few billion tons of ice go out, jamming and rate of a dollar a pound, bones and all. That was what he paid milling and grinding. Just in the thick of it, when the Stewart for it. Meat was high that year. went out, rumbling and roaring, we sighted Spot out in the I am only telling what I saw with my own eyes. And now I'll tell middle. He'd got caught as he was trying to cross up above you something, also. I saw that Spot fall through a water hole. somewhere. Steve and I yelled and shouted and ran up and The ice was three and a half feet thick, and the current sucked down the bank, tossing our hats in the air. Sometimes we'd stop him under like a straw. Three hundred yards below was the big and hug each other, we were that boisterous, for we saw Spot's water hole used by the hospital. Spot crawled out of the hospital finish. He didn't have a chance in a million. He didn't have any water hole, licked off the water, bit out the ice that had formed chance at all. After the ice-run, we got into a canoe and paddled between his toes, trotted up the bank, and whipped a big down to the Yukon, and down the Yukon to Dawson, stopping Newfoundland belonging to the Gold Commissioner. to feed up for a week at the cabins at the mouth of Henderson

In the fall of 1898, Steve and I poled up the Yukon on the last Creek. And as we came in to the bank at Dawson, there sat that water, bound for Stewart River. We took the dogs along, all Spot, waiting for us, his ears pricked up, his tail wagging, his except Spot. We figured we'd been feeding him long enough. mouth smiling, extending a hearty welcome to us. Now how did He'd cost us more time and trouble and money and grub than he get out of that ice? How did he know we were coming to we'd got by selling him on the Chilcoot--especially grub. So Dawson, to the very hour and minute, to be out there on the bank waiting for us? Steve and I tied him down in the cabin and pulled our freight. We camped that night at the mouth of Indian River, and Steve The more I think of that Spot, the more I am convinced that and I were pretty facetious over having shaken him. Steve was a there are things in this world that go beyond science. On no funny cuss, and I was just sitting up in the blankets and laughing scientific grounds can that Spot be explained. It's psychic when a tornado hit camp. The way that Spot walked into those phenomena, or mysticism, or something of that sort, I guess. dogs and gave them what-for was hair-raising. Now how did he The Klondike is a good country. I might have been there yet, get loose? It's up to you. I haven't any theory. And how did he and become a millionaire, if it hadn't been for Spot. He got on get across the Klondike River? That's another facer. And my nerves. I stood him for two years altogether, and then I anyway, how did he know we had gone up the Yukon? You see, guess my stamina broke. It was the summer of 1899 when I we went by water, and he couldn't smell our tracks. Steve and I pulled out. I didn't say anything to Steve. I just sneaked. But I began to get superstitious about that dog. He got on our nerves, fixed it up all right. I wrote Steve a note, and enclosed a package too; and, between you and me, we were just a mite afraid of of "rough-on-rats," telling him what to do with it. I was worn him. down to skin and bone by that Spot, and I was that nervous that

The freeze-up came on when we were at the mouth of I'd jump and look around when there wasn't anybody within Henderson Creek, and we traded him off for two sacks of flour hailing distance. But it was astonishing the way I recuperated to an outfit that was bound up White River after copper. Now when I got quit of him. I got back twenty pounds before I that whole outfit was lost. Never trace nor hide nor hair of men, arrived in San Francisco, and by the time I'd crossed the ferry to dogs, sleds, or anything was ever found. They dropped clean out Oakland I was my old self again, so that even my wife looked in vain for any change in me. of sight. It became one of the mysteries of the country. Steve and I plugged away up the Stewart, and six weeks afterward that Steve wrote to me once, and his letter seemed irritated. He took Spot crawled into camp. He was a perambulating skeleton, and it kind of hard because I'd left him with Spot. Also, he said he'd could just drag along; but he got there. And what I want to know used the "rough-on-rats," per directions, and that there was is who told him we were up the Stewart? We could have gone a nothing doing. A year went by. I was back in the office and thousand other places. How did he know? You tell me, and I'll prospering in all ways--even getting a bit fat. And then Steve tell you. arrived. He didn't look me up. I read his name in the steamer

No losing him. At the Mayo he started a row with an Indian list, and wondered why. But I didn't wonder long. I got up one dog. The buck who owned the dog took a swing at Spot with an morning and found that Spot chained to the gate-post and ax, missed him, and killed his own dog. Talk about magic and holding up the milkman. Steve went north to Seattle, I learned, turning bullets aside--I, for one, consider it a blamed sight that very morning. I didn't put on any more weight. My wife harder to turn an ax aside with a big buck at the other end of it. made me buy him a collar and tag, and within an hour he And I saw him do it with my own eyes. That buck didn't want to showed his gratitude by killing her pet Persian cat. There is no kill his own dog. You've got to show me. getting rid of that Spot. He will be with me until I die, for he'll never die. My appetite is not so good since he arrived, and my I told you about Spot breaking into our meat cache. It was wife says I am looking peaked. Last night that Spot got into Mr. nearly the death of us. There wasn't any more meat to be killed, Harvey's hen house (Harvey is my next door neighbor) and and meat was all we had to live on. The moose had gone back killed nineteen of his fancy-bred chickens. I shall have to pay several hundred miles and the Indians with them. for them. My neighbors on the other side quarreled with my There we were. Spring was on, and we had to wait for the river wife and then moved out. Spot was the cause of it. And that is to break. We got pretty thin before we decided to eat the dogs, why I am disappointed in Stephen Mackaye. I had no idea he and we decided to eat Spot first. Do you know what that dog was so mean a man. did? He sneaked. Now how did he know our minds were made

Name: ______That Spot | Reading Quiz

1. Which best expresses the narrator's relationship with Stephen Mackaye? a. They were bitter enemies, but are now good friends. b. They have always been bitter enemies. c. They were good friends but are now bitter enemies. d. They have been good friends for many years.

2. Which is the most likely explanation why the narrator and Stephen travel to the Yukon? a. They want to get in the business of dog trading. b. They want to compete in an important sled race. c. They want to make money from the gold rush. d. They want to go on an Alaskan vacation.

3. Which statement about Spot is false? a. Spot steals and eats greedily. b. Spot is loyal and a hard worker. c. Spot is attractive and intelligent. d. Spot is tough and fearless.

4. Why doesn't the narrator kill Spot? a. He doesn't want to lose all of the money that he spent on Spot. b. He was weakened by Spot's deep stare. c. He is threatened by Spot and is afraid that Spot will kill him first. d. He promised his mother that he would never harm a loyal dog.

5. How does Spot react to being whipped by the narrator? a. He exaggerates his pain. b. He takes it without a whimper. c. He threatens the narrator with his eyes. d. He bites the narrator.

6. Which is not a claim that the narrator makes about Spot? a. Spot came out on top in a fight with 50 dogs. b. Spot cannot be killed and will never die. c. Spot was sold many times but always returns. d. Spot chased away the narrator's fiancé.

7. With which statement would the narrator most likely agree? a. Spot is a horrible dog that messes up everything. b. Spot is rough around the edges but he is a good dog when you get to know him. c. Spot is a lazy thief, but he'll pull his weight when everyone is counting on him. d. Spot gets into a bit of trouble, but it's worth keeping him because he earns money.

8. Which best describes the narrator's tone in the following sentences?

"Who told him we were up the Stewart? We could have gone a thousand other places. How did he know?" a. Pleased b. Astonished c. Irate d. Relieved

9. Which best describes how the narrator lived his life without Spot? a. He finds out that he misses Spot. b. He loses weight and becomes morose. c. He grows healthy and has good fortune. d. He learns that friendship is the most important thing.

10. What is ironic or humorous about why the narrator is mad at Stephen Mackaye? a. The narrator was the one who saved Spot from the river. b. Stephen Mackaye isn't even alive anymore. c. Spot doesn't even have a spot on his coat. d. The narrator left Spot with Stephen Mackaye first.

Extended Response: Answer the following question in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. Use evidence from the text to support your response and explain your answer completely.

Why is the narrator angry with Stephen Mackaye and does he have a right to be angry? Why or why not? Use and explain evidence from the text to support your case.