Connecticut College Alumnae News, Spring 1970 Connecticut College
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Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College Linda Lear Center for Special Collections & Alumni News Archives Spring 1970 Connecticut College Alumnae News, Spring 1970 Connecticut College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/alumnews Recommended Citation Connecticut College, "Connecticut College Alumnae News, Spring 1970" (1970). Alumni News. Paper 176. http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/alumnews/176 This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by the Linda Lear Center for Special Collections & Archives at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Alumni News by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. Connecticut College Alumnae News OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE CONNECTICUT COLLEGE ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION VOLUME XLVIII NUMBER 2 SPRING 1970 Contents Peking's Foreign Policy: An Appraisal by Kent C. Smith 2 Warlords and Commissars: China's Military Development by Cynthia H. Enloe '60 5 Communist China: the First Twenty Years by Charles J. Chu 11 China and Japan: "Close Neighbors Make Poor Friends" by Thomas R. H. Havens 22 China in a Grey Flannel Suit by Ellen Lender Pike '68 25 Ruby [o Reeves Kennedy Memorial Service by President Charles E. Shain 2B Conn Currents by Gertrude E. Noyes '25 30 Connecticut College VS. Coast Guard Academy 32 Class Noles 34 COVER by Chi Pai-shih [lB63-1957) Translation: He who likes this painting is bound to become well-known some day. PHOTOGRAPHS 00 p. 28 and bottom of p. 32 by Philip Biscuti EDITORIAL BOARD: Helen Haase Johnson '66, Editor (Mrs. Roland H. Johnson, R.F.D. #3, Box 300, Norwich, Conn. 06360) I Marion Vibert Clark '24, Closs Notes Editor 1 Helen L. Brogan '52, Business Manager 1 Elizabeth Damerel Gongaware '26, Assistant Editor 1 Margaret Royall Hinck '33. ADVISORY BOARD: Barbara Snow Delaney '44, Editorial 1 Sarah Hargrove Sullivan '57, Graphics 1 Eleanor W. Tyler '30, ex officio 1 Roldah Northup Cameron '51, ex officio 1 Betsy P. Frawley '721 Gertrude E. Noyes '25. EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION President, Roldah Northup Cameron '51 First Vice-President, Jane Muddle Funkhouser '53 Second Vice-President, Ruth Worthington Henderson '35 Secretary, Lyda Chatfield Sudduth '27 Treasurer, Helen 1. Brogan '52 Directors-ot-Large. Jane Smith Moody '49, Cynthia H. Enloe '60, Eloise Stumm Brush '42, Elizabeth Hood Wilson '601 Alumnae Trustees, Eleanor Hine Kranz '34, Mary Anna Lemon Meyer '42, Martha Boyle Mcrrtsson '43 1 Chairman of Alumnae Annual GiVing Program, Mary Farrell Morse '411 Chairman of Nominating Committee. Mary Elizabeth Franklin Gehrig '42 I Chairman of Finance Committee, Barbara Berman Levy '411 Chairman of Scholarship Committee, Martha Boyle Morrisson '43 I Chairman of Personnel Committee, Hortense Alderman Cooke '32/ Executive Director, Eleanor W. Tyler '30. Communications to any of the above may be addressed in care of the Alumnae Office, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut 06320. All publication rights reserved. Contents reprinted only by permission of the editor, Published by the Connecticut College Alumnae Association at Sykes Alumnae Center, Connecticut College, New London, Conn., four times a year in December March May and August. Second-class postage paid at Bridgeport, Conn. 06601 Send Form 3579 to Sykes Alumnae Center, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut 06320. AACMember. '..... .. ..' -. ..., -, -. Peking's Foreign Policy: An Appraisal Kent C. Smith Assistant professor of history "History has proved and will go on proving ~hat Shortly before the founding of the People's people's war is the most effective weapon ~gamst Republic of China in 1949, Mao Tse-tung pledged U.S. imperialism and its lackeys. All revolutionary that all this had ended at last. "Our nation," he people will learn to wage people's war ,against declared, "will never be insulted again. We have U.S. imperialism and its lackeys. They will ~ake stood up," From 1949 to the present the domi- up arms, learn to fight battles and become skilled nant theme in Chinese foreign policy has been in waging people's war ... U.S. imperialism like a mad bull dashing from place to place, will finally the effort to fulfill that pledge, Whatever Peking's be burned to ashes in the blazing fires \If the long-range hopes for revolutions elsewhere in the people's wars it has provoked by its own actions." world, nearly all China's energies have been Lin Piao in Long Live the Vicory of concentrated upon domestic problems and de- People's War! fense, rather than upon meddling in the affairs of her neighbors. Americans who view the Chinese Communists as fanatical and reckless idealogues hen Peking released Lin's revolutionary may be correct in some respects, but they have W manifesto in 1965, much of official Wash- certainly misread Peking's record in foreign ington was quick to seize upon it as further sup- policy. Here the Chinese Communists have been port for the conviction that Communist China is a sensitive to the limitations of their power and reckless, expansionist power which menaces both shrewd and rational in employing it. world peace. Here, they argued, was Peking's Within months of their triumph over Chiang blueprint for world conquest. Kai-shek's American-backed Nationalists, the More perceptive observers, such as Professor Chinese Communists faced a major foreign policy Donald S. Zagoria of Columbia, pointed out crisis: the Korean War. Their handling of the that these were extravagant fears, based upon a crisis consolidated their hold upon China itself misreading of the document. Lin Piao was in fact and earned them respect in much of Asia. saying to the Communist revolutionaries of the Most authorities agree that China had no part world: we Chinese Communists waged and won in the decision to send North Korean forces our revolution with our own forces. You should across the 38th Parallel into South Korea, and follow our example. so long as the American-led United Nations forces Far from promising Chinese intervention in remained in South Korea territory, Peking care- revolutionary struggles elsewhere in the world, fully avoided embroiling itself in the conflict. The Lin was arguing that, in any given country, the Chinese did, however, warn Washington that they people must make their own revolution rather would intervene militarily should the U.S. send than rely upon foreign assistance. The Chinese do its troops across the 38th Parallel onto North indeed hope that revolutions will sweep across Korean soil. Peking considered that the presen?e Asia, Africa, and Latin America, but they seem of American troops on its Yalu River border WIth convinced that these revolutions must be indige- nous, not Chinese~manufactured. North Korea would constitute an intolerable threat to China's security. Given the anti-Communist China today is a revolutionary nation, one bit- hysteria raging through America during 1950 and terly dissatisfied with the status quo in the world 1951, that fear seems understandable, though and vehemently hostile towards those who seek perhaps exaggerated. to maintain it. China's resentment grows out of more than a century of humiliation. From the When the UN forces did cross the 38th Parallel Opium War of the 1840's on, the Chinese saw the and proceed towards the Yalu, the Chinese army advance of modern Western technological civiliza- entered North Korea and drove the Americans tian destroy shred by shred the power and pre- and their allies back into South Korea. Washing- tensions of their two thousand year old Empire. ton weighed the risks of escalating the conflict Accustomed to thinking of China as the center of and concluded that they were too dangerous. The the warld-Chung-kuo, the Chinese term for war ended in 1953 as a military stalemate. China, means Central Kingdom-the Chinese China had succeeded in her first test: North quickly found their Empire shorn of its territorial Korea remained Communist, a buffer against dependencies. They were themselves treated as American power. At home the Communist leaders second-class citizens by the foreign powers who used the patriotic fervor stirred by the war to ~omi~ated thei.r coastal cities. Foreigners residing consolidate what they called "the People's Demo- In Chma were Immune from Chinese law and cratic Dictatorship." Abroad many Asians noted could be tried only by their own authorities and that China's armies, so often in the past the forei.gn warships plied China's inland water~ays object of derision, had held at bay the forces of by.vutue.of treaties Imposed upon China at gun- the world's greatest power. point. China had become, in the words of Sun During the Korean War Chinese Communist Yet-sen, a semi-colony. forces occupied Tibet, an action which shoc~ed and angered public opinion in the West, India, 2 Connecticut Cclleve Alumnae Nf!WS • Soring 1970 and elsewhere. The status of Tibet in international law is the subject of much debate, but the fact is that nearly all Chinese, including the govern- ment of Chiang Kai-shek, have long regarded Tibet as an integral part of China. The occupa- tion of Tibet, like the brutal suppression of the re- bellion there a decade later, was in Chinese eyes a reassertion of Chinese sovereignty. China had ruled Tibet from the 1720's until the first part of the present century. Rather than reflecting foreign policy principles, this question is, for the Chinese, an internal affair. A related incident, the Sino-Indian border con- flict of 1962, occurred under confused circum- stances along the boundary between Tibet and India, a boundary which has been under dispute for almost a half century.