For Bachelor's

.11

.011.

a Social Science I. Requirements 4

. ForBachelor's-

Degrees 0,

Stud) ofAnthropology, 1. Economics,History,Political

41. Science, and t. Sociology in General Graduation°Requirements 4

byJENNINGSB.SANDERS Spec for SocialSciences \*All.e

BULLETIN MILNO. S

U. S.DEPOSITORY COPY DO NOTDISCAR

U. S.DWARTMENTOF HEALTH,

EDUCATION,.AND WELFARE Arthur $.Flemming, seer, Mos ofEduction Lamina) G.Derthick,Commissioner-

' Foreword

AlmN HEPRESENTSTUDY isallhaseofalarger investi- 1gation of highereducation curriculumsbeing planned by the Higher EdUcation ProgramsBranch, Divisionof Higher Education.This investigationwill seekab4terunder- standing thanwehavehadheretoforeof thecontent of different undergraduate,programsand willtry to find out the part played in theseprogramsby the humanities, thenatural sciences, and thesocial sciences, irrespectiveof subjects in which studentsmay.be majoring. Thesurveyjust completed Providesthe first dataever as- sembledon alarge scale of social sciencerequirements for bachelor's degrees.It shows theextent to which institutions of highereducation havesudh/requirements and the extentto which anthropology, economics, history,political science, and sociologyeachmay*be taken bythe student in satisfacti,on ofthem.It then proceedstoastudy in depth of thecourses mostfrequently taken bystudents fcir this purpose.The data thus assembledcanbe used by adminis- trators, department heads,and professors for reappraising the role of the socialsciences in general curricular'require-

ments, and for re-examining thosecoursesshownto be the. onlyonesto whichamajority of studentsarelikelyeverto

be exposed. 4 To theextent that the social wiences have00111ethillg of valueto offer in the general and citizenship educationof ool- legestudents.--i'ndtheir valtpx for thesepurposesis almost universally conceded---thestudynow,presented is of much signifiamm. LLOYD E. Butucit, SAssistant Commissioner for Higher Eduoation.4'.

A.J. BRUXBAUGINI AW Consultant, Higher EducationPrograms Brandt,

. Division of Higher Education.

1 t

_ Acknowledgments

ThN THECONTENTof the questionnaireused in this kfistudy, helpful advice,wasgiven' by BoydShafer, Exec- utive Secretary ofthe American HistoricalAssociation, and by 'R. M. Kirkpatrick, E7LecutiveDirector of the American Political ScienceAmociaiion.Thequestionnairein itapre- linitnary form was.filled out byWhiter 1 `11. lAres,chairman,Department of Govenunent,Indiana University; by Wesley M. Ge'vehr,chairman, Department of History,Uni- vemity of Maryland; and by James H.Peeling, head, De-

. partmentof Sociology, ButlerUniversity. Acknowledgment of assistance with theproject is also due toseveral Intimbers of the Office ofEducation staff, especially toRalph C. M.Flyni.,formerly Director of the Higher Edu- cation Programs BranchandnowAssistant Commissioner, ative Services Branch, whoadvisedonthe study from its beginning. WellsHarrington andBionson Price of the Division of Statistics and ResearchServices helped with the drafting of the questionnaire and designingthe institutional sample.Aiiistanceby Granditi L King,this Shirley Radcliffe, of the HigherEducation Programs Branch, is also acknowledge&

lv I. .%

ad--40

Contents

.0 01.

Pas.

FOREWORD.. . 11 to III

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.. II ***** al tv CHAPTEft t. INTRODUCTION...... **** * . 1 CHAPTER2. ANTHROPOLOG. y... . ***** . 4 TheAnthropologycows*which studentsmostfrequently take towwd satisfyingabachelor-degreesocialsciencerequire- mitm I I OOOOO 4 TheAnthropologycomemost. taken: Scope,em. Ada',andwent chan .. e.s e 6 TheAnthropologycome modFrequently taken:Features regardedbyrespondentsasunusuallysuccessful..., lite Anthropologycourse mostfrequently taken:Features

regardedbyrespond, . asweaknesses. . 7 0. Anthropologyin integrated social'ciente and general ecru- dationcomes.. 8 4 CHAPTER3. ECONOMICS,.... ,,.. 10 The Economicscoursewhich studentsmostfrequeptly take toward sat*ingabachelor-degreesocialscience requirement .440. ea. 10 TheEconomiacourse modfrequently taken:Scope, ernAa- :is,andmawchanges... . 1 1 P. . .. The Economiacoursemostfrecp,ntly taken:Featuresre- yarded byrespondents'asunusually succestfull.. . 1 3 The Economiacoursemostfremontlytaken: Featuresre-

gardiid byresoranchntsmwsakneuss .114) II 15 EconomksinIntegratedsocialscience and general education COMM 0004100410000 1 7 .` GIA.PTER4. HISTORY . . . 8' The-Historycoursewhich studentsmodfrsquently take toward satishiingabachelorodegres socialscience requirement. 18

4 1 4 1 4 CHAPTER 4. CHAPTER _ V -a-- a The The The The The Sociology Appendix A.Covering a. E E a 9 _ Append a E n r 4 _a -s I y and and take COUrseS CoUfgraZ requirement ;iv respon N'Ey wir la0 requirement regarded regercied education a 1 - orY y Sociology t s History E° E 5-t = a- -a _g 1 =4==a0= res a respondent, resrADndents A asai-a_s_a_as _WA I --__ N recen recant a 4a, 4 I g ° E E- towal_ E= --9 = 4= 4 ! V a_ar a = - -a a a, a ..." A )--jence a 7 z = F--ta = - -_- E -= E- _# 77 --a toward _ n aA-AW.a,_aza aVE-saaa - by E p= TAttlar a_ _ and course _ = course courses a- chtinqw.. y emu' integrated socid 0 - Scion-c 41F course course = ti respondents e = t . a_ a rec- - -5 a -01 --a a 6 = * =1.7-4 - a= a_ irt POLITKc\L E = #a aa*_ a c moil stv, 'nog _4 a.a moo mdelns unusually unusual most roast moo integmt ea nenes... course _ mar.- to-Clel courw _ y&Y, yo#a****.0#aVsa IL E a-4 I 41a , -7. - frequ E g _ L -== a ii _ _ a frequently frequently = = a _ as g quentiv of a _a I L_ y bq-che Wit most es- = and a science -A 1 succed I hich s unusually 4 AfE_ - Ala----=-4======Z-4=r1E- - = . a= Iiutnuv = = moo ausIonrr = * frequently ff - === _ _ - = _ague taken: . E a . take_ stu _ takot: -a und A Ken: I -- a=== va= and '9 * 4 - -7- * = _ ==aaa n _ * a = n-H_Ince e ri aa 9. * w a. -a-. = a gene FO . te-v geneful Fe-ot 9 Features E 7 * = = act-. uently 4- E a Scope, = 4 :* = 7 a a_ E *. tak . 'ago sow -4' * # SQC. Q e ea a a * E pe_ off rrera social - Ken; a: * = res 4 * a =E s # I * 1 taken # emphasit 4' 4 a 5 v 're re = * ----- # Features * uu a a a ¶ - 0 aA .1 * A. p _ IF k E- ; a = & * 2 * ervice 7.° w aa-EA a Z . s-4as E a 2 = = ed aa=._ a a a es a 6 -7 # a 41 at* I 55 4 Aft A =- 4 -4 A a_aa- E . ImmomtmillimmogiiiiioNmiimmigolummontsiosommimiloolioloonmmil 1109MM 1111111oikailiNOMPO ME111021111aUgnizI111111Eiallmm:11:21111111101111113i41WRIPPRICaleiNIBiiii ico1111111101411IIN 401041* M 4 Mr "-74. _2 kk a t,- - 7 I - 44-4-itt 171 p3=-A were - ble r /.1.- the " for I II IF and A only 4-4 1#- social 41t- . 1 rk AAA amplifi 7 The taking kkaachers 4 _ 1 Eff included = AA. to IF a 4 A rn ith 1---#=-*,=7,47-7. the 4 _re 4 EducatIon _r"- 2 ,E=2.- 7111 _ ill! _h by 4 _ institutions large Ersities, - y ------7 tc invited £ is 2 4 iii 7- few 1 1 44-TA 4 I 5 t k science t . ,very all ff.== a=glef twr ff gam , ex 4_ = - coIg 3-£1 Total 114,3 -4- answered = more a-74 s of bachelor's r t4 4- the -4 - r-f-- r is 4 _ r---#Y!#4 of 1936 A - C aaaiaa = - eighth E77 50 writing; -7 higher 1 p; of questionnaires - s S C__N-A ttFfl relCral in = - sptions, ffFj-'-m _ = f to _ possible The the mma political _ Et tricilr the degrees a the _ - i77-7AV and = tm*(-1 tze # a,- m I tit institutions ---7 -- _A_ I I If - === items C-L-E-a4 e-'1A1 g =-w -- V 4W...A atm A 5 _1 chairmen ----4 4._ 4 letter 4 11 1 A catalog consult A A pt - to AA 3 I UI-it'll 47,32-17==k on a offered. for A arts k.rI whi = _ science, mainv the 4-1 s f liberal , had _ -1.- a 11 Lir_O ______"C" 1 of Y - .____:,.. the r_,- Ile) V it§ 4747 institutional e ikL-iM Z Moreover, - and r research departmental _ yin 111 7 aTh catalogs 44.2 -4 _ 4 1474a4-_44__=. s political )4_ college -74 . . ; A &-= I 7-1 I r ?flints, 17- A bachelor's , , institutions - rt A Opj = - by A n except itwas A to in -= 1 = n -- h, departments r I w#4 the the zy the might Mil colleges, sociology to Ica science, = r B, for -- h cat% i, V .112 n TvAl==r institutions k, 4:ht.-vv: I glInciunc*roPi raf table of t :ties out 1) ir----C2* percent) J.!.46. a on 4 210 take ti" - W And in n;:ry could were kaW, _ I a . # -4474 in t given of 7 LD _4# 1 of 1). a questionnaire ..A7k 304 t I what for the ba not- and n 0, the sample t_ at 44"K.-A- Thus, a The " wa_g .a.a- 111'12'i answer; ; 1; help college 15 4 _ These 1 .44. a = flaw t lists. AA anthropology, - a 4-a A selected g Office 74,4- A Education N a 7 a t_t aw---ma 44 the 44 1=-4 of 7-4 = ___=A . AAAA T-..-.1-_,14tg1M-111-111%1 I a a 4- ==wP-71--14.4 com- bachelor's R. stuscepti= sociology, 1 eco--- 1 con- recipients of weirs were 319 A). satisfy by mtst, ts sAmple lor's curriculum by the science. general education noires, 147, bachelor-degree of socisJ conur date, and size members these courses IS be sciences ceive. communicate that these hold for in these take a to niektt lar courses that themajority bachelor's a indicates 5 socialscience 2 which centist, andsociologLst, on siderable In order Of ore student's total Because The di.mAltisioned status the qufftionnaim or fl dev (1_9 no no courses are Wirt 297 laicr to SOCIAL figures type, these courses repoill---7]upon,they Indeed, if work ins and in meetingthese are a sociology history other -4 ence courses, ii of his the important regarded 1( graduation institutions scienex after part full as courses are derrei requirements for the or the that the r A a Ma' = 1 to to SCIENCE E_A shows that or 1 thus chapter 49.5 percent,indica A= --AAA-a -A- t-ff F TA A ones space ot first = own requirements. departmental chairmen, education y thisstudy. their departments scope, check taught. = not courses are program of studentswouldtake anyone count& I AAA__ other than -e-t nercnt the final sociI science 4 by socialscience maet likelytobetakenbystudents, rInirl forms. subject or in to instructorsand has requirement, thesignificance institutions than worldhistory accord.t4 thestaffing REQUIREMENTS FOR mar completing forcredit emphasis, strengths, part playedbycertain each 0.,m been more auv in clmeol introductory whatever a has hr.;thenotionthat, requirements. the been allottedin ropolo, and is A Further, in ndiag repo came la is included in bachelor's taught predominantlyby may apparent, AAA Aw statement of social taken by intelligent placed A E s Tk ciftl n of find in or vot&i of valuetheycv7eve to AAA. was mig F most A -ffer ---- d goctions of t -Aa economist, historian, 1 in that, A VA. I AA A degree& From ienc most institutions,studentsa-1 txt.*14 ti a m urs to ahof no a Since the _ Thus, integrated social n _ NI taken. single or titiutly the chaptfav the 144 other ents in recognition _ entA mutr*Anmth forbathe as occupy and their American history, late Ar. Ihe from 1 upon in eachofthetwill utions survey or toward, coure ea" and"no" an Twi if . _ not ltwe liAA___ cznn cover ocurat% in of ft Icourssu unpleasant routine that most studentswill F,A V assistants, the 5subjectsin- institutions and more A data connection onto = a occupik4 inthe _ g _ = t A or more irrespective of As a A w -5,fit _ ff a it isforttmato i 1 iwA :AAA v.nA 0 AAA that folio ff TTff- introductory- in DEGREES - n 5 Wi 4iwta A E than 25-50 I (), w= tales Ur/it lank = III 111E w camor study the social narrative A- deurw3 u a r political f 3E particu- subjects A=_AA in these place he will a AAA a t, deriy te 319 of A range of the re had sn-97 must witiz A-Ar. g it '4 will akkl t A 1 q_11, re- in t of in . on] mitoutoi11111011111111111111INIIINMPIINIM _E a n1it quantitative and we,stkme&& dudiki inthe 4 the SOCIAL wL4--w SCIENCE comparisons in survey. mported each REQUIREMENTS tapter Tables 2,11 in the alaw devoted 1 courses made:. FOR to the can s Comparisons be 1 data subject& made by A DEGREES reading which of many aa 3 3 a Ya* =v

6r !111111411111111111111O141111g .

=- =- -- y

1:F:I:;ti ii-u: : hai F' FA:*f -ea_ } different OTIS c,onfrjrrir: reported totnc t Officeof idicz'onthe of ! Ugr% UIanthropology.I'Wtv=r. un.Ji Ut UISUtULKiUS nave

=1 - cclirtMTh:Isuch evtkrv viir Thusm WHW (NUt C'Tg,4(1)00

Ji =J ------=------011,321 . Ifl-ULJdUOfl.reportingotheUmc 01 ruu= - - - I tiolL56 -ç:rtx1 ne exierring otdert inaTht1XIJIOEV! (Jr

thesetf; iflStjt)jtiOflS4 %Vffl1flC=1lldUIII t±flf&319 institutions liiith pnxnt urveyaid' 33 of the185 pog. cithe anthro-pc1cv questionnairecamefromheriupthatairIed d1egreis; inI9536 In additiontoinstitutionsthat havedetxini!erñnzflPLjTiflj of anthropologyaremanythat offer oneor more cours:in thesub- jec Tn ciur areusually offeredrrdepartmentsofsociology

I b-t - - L -= =-I ,L ,=- !J1 ?TXJ1JI(JV departments-z_=---- -=---=Jand

tfl Anthrw3Ioqy ccureW}'d StudentsMostFreqjer*tiy Thhe

TowardStIsfy-k' ' ..1@r4streeSo Sdenc. Reri rnent

i'flW1flLT r=tiirn :irriieci fitrn1,5 ot J;e ;;IiInstitutions in thesurvey. :)f th2 18Lthem*jOrity(11)8) indicat&JtJiM their irtfititntionseiti*r 1w!nodepWnent of inthropo!ogyorthatthey

I Theseactsars r*wfltramOffie ff Educationtrnir Nó 247 28t 2M !!!. 8'

L4O 41& 46Ln4 - Whntn I1_C., 1948-47. Al' b thwagetttie wtjftn the dte4 Thus.the wtrecentone isntiUe4. Rr Dwelt*Oönfved bHigherEd *4onaA IfttUtNUOi 1955L as: KrminI WV lln Anthropologyi &marinesUnIy ' H4rHama- Ho*P 7:MPlei-160.Jm IRL _ =w- ft : t N , SOCIAL w aw-A FOR BACHELOR'SIAAN N_ A 5

hadno 3 As_ As_ A E 3 A cieneeruirem&itforbachelor's degrees toward the = fulfillment of which anthropology mightcount0

V1- In _ t-7, remaining 77 institutions, theextent to which anthropology

1 OA I may taken by studentsto = asocialsciencerequirement 1 -* - tif_j_3&==15.11 # -#7=4 ; irq= I a-raduation = widely.Leairnin3 3 3 3 ' 3/A 3 f: 3 3 " of 72 -a- __==I ingtitutions (.table 1) have forallbachelor's degritesagbcial,sciencere- uimmen, wardwiich anithropolcvmay count.However, there, is 3-tdch rtuirvutffiz. for all A. B. degreesinoverthrel-foartlis, and for all L. Se _greein slightly 164-ks than one-half of reporting intti-

A33-A E - N L.3 I E E II i If aftrw_ ,,uions.The A NA A aN obtains in abouttwo-thirdsof 1 Na I =-4 I t -1-./W _orall lacl s inaw- a a -7V andconimerly_= and in education; I wtIt I.* I I 3,t5" i one-third ofinstitutions forw bachelor's r in ii1-* T I r engineering, dinover a- -t-tr 4_. bachelor*: degrees inag- 1 ns-%(table 2)_

-a

_ wt t-- -a- aa -= a-a aw- t-- inafew instancim the = =a a didnotapplytoall

Ia a-A -atx f a-f= (7T- V -a_ a ofagiven type,responwilsindicatka that, it *d r E ftw _ toRomeo!thev% = Thus, the requirement !night apply

14 toall A. B. dr exceptthwe inartorforeign _ araa_ t. tJ = a B. S. degreesexcept those in nursingor 1-1 to 3 4 UM = tA3 4-14-11ilaW all -=A 43 A degrees 3 A E33 A NN AV, akexc wI Ittlanguage ===_ artsand

_ -941 v-K tit-tt ! LT= scienw In = andcommerce,and

E 3-E T on a -a a I-I hand,responsesindicating that the requirement -7 a 7_ _ 3- 3 -=3 _ a a -a-3- ==a- E t . _ _ not apply toall 3 degreesin t-k I irt a a aW

WE53 unKccimapani-I byanylist of APE3t " _ Ravondentswererequffitedto indicateanyfmiehelor's olet not4pecifically- cove by the questionnaire, havingasocial. science r41.4:juirestent toward which antkropol mightcount moisuch degrees mentioned by 12 respondentswerethoe8 in fortry, home

A economics, pharmacy,andphysicalel- = A Culturalanthropology is the anthropologycourse m frequently

--==4 -A A ---=_=7", =4_ NI V -t at 11 t Maki a it=1 takan by students 3 asocial A .3 3 -3-= and A -1W_41 vs P n general anthropology physical waawwa artthe A a wwwww 3 7 *BE IS a _Tv-. AAA N alai N nicet u-tuently taken. .;:ess of title, inover four-fi 91.8 of institutions thecourseitanelective inasocial IC group Pa rattierthanang!-subt a I-4;4mAnt in rt 4 v-a- I a r throrx)1 and, =a--- four-i ofipstitutionn,it isarequired rwo-- orramatiN4 pre_isite for either allorsate. othertostukatzin the subject bL3).laovertwo-thirds of -66reportinginstitutions,

= _itmorethan 1percent ofudentsact takeanthropology w'eitneras aarequiredor anelective subjmt tow jng a&Leh- r-degree socialwienr*requirement (table 7)

-.ze soar= averragg3.4 serne0er hours ofc,;it 11 from 10 to 500 denth andaverages117 (table 4 Theverogeenroll- tp onhili*m ifi unumm11kickbecauseofthedisproportionate number of large institutionsitthe ample, sonma SCIENCE REQUIRMENTS FOR BACHELOR S DEGREES

More students (nearly 40 percent) take thecoursein the sophomore than inanyotheryear(table 6).In nearly two-thirds of institutions, thecourseis taught ingrctupsofnot morethan 24---50 students (table 5);and in about 85percintof institutions, instruction in the courseis predominantly by stafroembers of the 3 usual professorial ranks (table 10 ).Inoverth,r4-fourths of institutions, the basic patternof thecour is deternineti by the individualcoursein- structorsorbyadepartmentalcAsnmittt*(table In.Inmomthan nine-tenths of institutions,gOpercentor moreof studenta enrolloti in thecoursecomplete it for credit (table 8);and itwasestimated- by respondents that, forN1-100 percent of thwe studenta, this would be the finalcoursein antliropoloku (table 9)

The Anthropology Course Emphasisand Recent Changes

As notell, the anthrt-)polcgycourse mcvs4fiwuent1y taken by studentsto satisfyorhelp syisfyasocialsci rimrequirement for bachelor's degrees iscultural anthropologur, and thewicond and thini mast frequently takenaregeneral anthropology and physicalanthropology.Whether thecourse wasculturalorgeneral, M.43percent of the 63responts as to contentindicatedlif emphasisoncultural anthropology.Otherresponwsreportedfi at- sphasisonphysiml anthropology,onprimitive-rietie,47onanthropological methods and their applicationto istequalemphuisonthe various sub- divisions of anthropology, andso on. While only 3 ri&spondents definitelyreporte4 that thecoursehad undergonenochange inscope oremphasis inreettntyears,the large number of repondents whogave no answer tothis questionmay suggest that changes in thwiertEtspectshave been the exceptionrather than the rule.Of thco3e reportingsomechange, 3 reportedmore emphasisonthc-4_ 2 reportedachange from culturaltoacombi- nation of"-u and physical anthropology; and1 each reported morehistoricalemphasis, omission of prehigory,and emphasison prim five anthrojJo One department reportedareduction of traditional anthro conteat andmoreemphasis(N3general prin- ciplm- another report moreemphasisonevolutionandrace;and still another rcportd introductionofmorefield work. Onereepco- dent indicated that thecourseis constantly revisedfor backing .ffeetivenewand smaller, that whi. le thecoursehasundergone Ix) formal changenewtext materials have bert adoptedawltow'tar membersemploved SOCIAL _ itenVe2U411 --rtsTn -- - 7 o C- The Izg*1== ANT CourseMost uentii Taken: res = _ Rec - a By PpoinisdAritsasUnusually ="- a-

_ = A _ "," fx) toon Ea = of theckpuratregardedas

=#. a. raA a aa---A =a _ EA A -aE2 A a-a I awiderange:"historicalmn.wiof _ A aa- a I A a= a _ e"; "individual aa eac_h student _ 'expert in =T1 I F & a ta.-ofasinglesa-ziety"; "developmentofpoint(IIview of A-, EA VI 704,_ E Ei L AA Faintly-inn"; EEE I a-Aj_ tmby the of ethnographic, mono- _ 4-raphst F"w _ Fr. than textbooksorbrief sketchesof different culturve,

afitiA _ _ -a--# # late.st _ - scientific data " )ue respondent. felt thatan 4 IE = 1 1-- succe%ful featureof _ coursewas"thedevelopmentof I tot itx tt=LA u,"appliedtoproblemsof ourcultureAnotherrvpimitedin thisconnection:"integration a problems'avoidancia = discipline approach." t I onhumanevolution andon raceand of man's place jfl

--- I Zak 71= t i L -.-t- Ea t I A- 4a A E-- I _ t werereportedasastrong featureUI ._--- E ---= a for -__.-._ ' I,------,_____1 E=_____ itwasrepork-N3 that "thediscussion of n raligit = rtMtO ppm]to moststudents."Fromone E.r3- t re., Lit the I I I "It is thesole universitycoursewhich deals with nonliterateT0of the world."From.amallprivateinstitution

AAA- =- camsthereport that t-st..relmonculturesUTrft-ti outsideth a a & Euro atilt Americant "was kz--1as _ rongfeature ofthe-=-4eurim. II RegaIrdedby 5 rwpondentsas an aJIM' -_ --- successful feature of

A = A44 I fta ta f.511# th wastheu.%ofvisual, A_ a Aaa 4-A= and demonstration

ILE# ft a teaching aids.By4 (ahem fieldstudy E reportedas a-AA A unusually sufvtul featureo' thewars&

A.- --_ _ A _ E --1= t_a a Jr a A 4 a = The Anthropology Token: 7A

.-z-..-- - - _ _-&-- 2 =__- ... ----- .. -=--_ ___..-, --_-_-= Ja_ _. _.=-.-_ zr _-_-_- w ,-,,_ -. _----- V _ -- W -- :_1 a by .W-_.=. _ I Z_U ,-M. , = ---.----a .-=--_ 40' Uk*ej todescribeany ou weakneresofn 11 ff--.=7.4the weaknessmostfrequentlyrertattwasthe attern todotutmuch a _tL intiutt AVE A a A aa---a Eachr7 mupondaritsho reportwito thiseffect a A # off :ta con thatw to 3 osanent, er-hours;an8th offer . a5 f I Monmums.The aaraitotfL io W;-4f .1.itgal(1)wastt--va_ largeRLZCof elLt: orw-47 _ions: antith rd (4)wastiv3 lackof Loterytpxe, mat_prigtOne t a_ rerw:"No =._11.4taw av Otherreportedwim=.emes(3)IneindM lackof?ToperteAching aids, Richas Jimamaterial.%maps,and libraryrreaux-c-, An additional8rwpcni&m.s, calledattentionto lack of field data for the Winn&Inc collegewherea&quarterwmtim ioffered in im iti weioi ment; committee; In pology tered is pology, dent department ofhi4A). departinvat ofanthropology toral education to 90percent the-- institutions,811WAidentstakethe Anthropology u'fiTiflTi tutions did course science studentsmusttakethe (3.4 percent) Dam" AndfromanotherStateuniversitycame for bachelor'sdegrt,32indicatedthattheirinstitutionshave. one one the gage dividual psychohagy, 8 the advisability the inAructional students"; andsmother,the"difficulty(-) One notedthe called attention reported ---gwfa j Responses e In 18of94departments(64.3percent)supplying Of thertdep&rimezits administered by = eustion guij mme °cum& rsei ¬her." institution wheretheanthropologyeoum7, may e SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENT3 in in objeotive,systematicula.lysisof the to satisfynonmajorrequirements_ there isL_Ametiniel remaining institutions(39.1 staffs geogra a toward meeting , complaint rgiitmr forth wu f. variety of and anthropoltA ewe" not supply sociology andanthro)-$1 requIrements. the genera]education of thestudents,andin9,from2. ira offer ;,s "lack o!'e.agmundinsocialwie.no A ' Frvini or in tntexl to uf attemptingan at staff, andthefact- it ailKiNiigt41 studies division;theey.11ege; .,.udent, qualitiesthataffectedthecoum integrated no was steciol a was _,=1 ways: StY1 an answerto a st)cial co mums. part and socialseism**. that in7institutions, reg St ia1 pycho1ogy,andoomparstive warn inanyone an insuffi In ip 1each,by st ,00 k3 of thecontent ac.:ence division. ; insiitutional socialscieacierequirement 8-x-e4-1 course. may ornot umvemity porting an ¶ii the Clem much biologic-Aldeterminlmofcul= ciaI K.ience additional institution,all anthropo low the.-anthropology at d this (petition. economics andsocial One of r percent) the the "lackof Scleace integral integration, FOR BACHELOR'S In 6otherinAi',utior_s,from that sw,nons ; course to came a university sellege; motivating studexitsto of 8de4.... cultural phenomena." dept. theee departments, hi 1institution,thor The to 40percent, progrAm J:ithrop()1ogy mightI. or the general In only an participate. mtuvik: St "terid wcial sciene* is taughtinEL,ver-,1 a rept. meat -A3 course inter& re Two respondexits naintg 10 satisfy nomreajor nsistem_ nero1 Education in Kike6tentering information not. k in whichthe of eotiamewi*I, I department. , EGRAES of .4441LIVI1t ucatian tdiat take such u institution cukures, adversely. aflrmnL arts and ztionin- and the AneituAi In 6of prIiI depart- among col-11w a gen- in t 111Sti- kow- ttu- en- or on 50 In 1 !-1 a a -

1 11113P19711rMIIITIMMIllnM71114M1. 11011111111111111111111111111.111.411111111111 OM A SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFOR BACTIXTFOR'S DKONZWAI

I m-ex,iIuprevi t 2-5pereiantof the Ft / the A pro?-ram.Ofthe a institutions supplying - to thequetion, 7 iied that theperrtintage of inAruction contributM by === anthro)01ogy 11-tosuch } 1 from L 1,tn1

A _A- A _ 1 -- *.c t to 20 percent;andan A AAA A 7 A A = Im4*59,an .1=ontributionramgmgfrom25 totroprcentOnedepartmentrtv- i)orted that therv:iwa8fui1time anthrt 1 'nacombined depart-

r=_ f- E _- ment.and _ = it I instr!irtion ricracitjj ti or ntpvr-4 tt-lbt :k1I 1RflC C.( III 1-'-Se

j 4 A Chapter3

ECCMOMICS

it TOTALof 449institutionsof highereducationconferred bache- ALbor's degreesineconomics in1955-'66.1Howmanjof the882 additionaldegreeagrantinginstitutionsg offered1or morecoursesin the subject,but withoutconferrinkdegrees, is-unknown, butthe 'numberprobablywas s a;lantial.1Of the449 institutionsthatcon- ferred bachelor'sd *..in economicsin1956-56, 220wareincluded in the sampleof 319 institutionsemployed inthepresentsurvey, Of these319 institutions,responses to the economicsquestionnaire werereceived from209,187 ofwhich indicatedthat theyhaveabache- lor-degree socialsciencerequirementtoward whichemnomicsmay count and 22that they donot have sucharequirement(table 1).

4. TheEconomicsCourse WhichStudentsMost Frsquont tyTake TowardSatisfyingaBachelor-DegreeSocialScience Requirement

In slightlymorethanone-halfof 183 reportinginstitutions,all candidatesfor bachelor'sdegreesarerequiredto takesomework in the social sciences,and economicsmaybe takentoward meetingthis requirement.In approximatelytwo-thirdsof institutionsreporting onthe appropriateitems, therequirementobtainsfor au A.B. degrees

a Kerned Defre4Conferred b Higheradicatlosal;agitations, Imam.witabigta,, U. I. GovernmentPrinting Oilles,1957,p. 14.(U. 8, Daputasmitat Smith, 111#asaties. and Wo/faro,Once of 'Education,Circular No. 499.) . *Tills number resultsfrom subtracting449 from1,321, theamber etdiapeovantlai institutionsshown In columns 1I4Y IiLineationDirector/111114-1111111,Part 14 Ingbse Mutation(Washington, U.B. GovernmentPrinting Mak19166),p& 'OD amgeneral subject otagleamundergraduateswamies,sae: thmisevidasto Me- nooks inHigher MutationalInstitutions(U. I. Oats otSituastion,Menhir IN. WM, Washington, 1951;and The TeachingofUndergraduateWeak; Assorioni Imam* Review, Vol.XL, No.ik Part 2Supplement.December19.01 10 SOCIAL'SCLINCIIjummumazin FOR BAINIZIAOW s Dimon 11P' and for all bachelor'sdegree inagricaltrseducation,andefigineer- ing. Tobachelor'sdegrees inbusinessanda:mm=8, on thectinr hand,the requirementapplies inneirly allof the106institutions (96.2percent)reporting&gremlinthisarea(table2). Son*institutionsnotedthat thesocialsciencerequirement applied to Bonnbutnot allbachelor'sdegrees intinforegoing thus, it 'categories; mightapplyto all A. B.degreesexcept those inEnglishor libraryscience,or toall B. S.&grewexcept thosi inbiology, and forestv, pharmacy.Furtinr,66 institutionsreportedbachelor's degreis, not specificallycoveredbythequestionnaire,to whichthe',quirement applied;these includeddegreesin suchsubjectsasfinearta, journalism,andnursing. In nearly ninekenthsofreportinginstitutions,theeconomicscourse most frequentlytaken bystudentstowardsatisfyingasocialseism, requirementis timeintroductorycourse, sometimescalled of principles economic& Althoughinovertwo-thirdsofinititutiotus,this course isa requiredorrecommendedprerequisitefor allothereco- mimicscourses,it isforstudentsganrallyanelective ina grpup requirement ratherthananabsolute .single-subjectrequirement (*table8). Evenso, revmukilts inone-half of158institutionsesti- mated that 50400percent of studentsmeet tin socialsciencerequirement by takingeconomics(table 7). The introductorycourse is usually takenin thesophomoreyear, carriesanaverageof 4.7semester hoursof credit,andenrollsan averageof 846students(tabk4). Theaverage doubtless is high unusually becauseof thedivroportionatenumber oflargeinstitutions included in thesample.Tinwrollmentrangeis *in18to 1,800 students. Inmorethan twp-thirdsofinstitutions,90percentor more of the studentswho enrollin tinumbrae, complete itfor credit(table 8);and for 50-100percent of timestudents,thislikely willbethe only economicscoursethey willelvertake(table 9). Inamajority ofinsautions,thecourseistaught ingroupsofnot morethan 2640students (table5), andby staffmembersof the8 usualprofessarialranks(table 10).Inmostinetituthme,the pattern of tin basic courseisthterminedeither bytheindividualcourse instructms,the thipartamatse a whole,or a departmentaloommittee (tableV).

The EconomicsCoumM.stFrown*Taken:Scope,Emphasis, aindItem*Changes I.

As ahead,' noted, theeconomicscourse most frequentlytakenincm-. neo4mwith asocialDolmasrequirementforbachelor'sdegrees kian introductorycourse, not infrequentlycalled"Principles." 12 SOCIAL SCIENCE REQUIREMENTSMg BACHELOR'SDRAWS. *, Inresponse to the 'widest,. "Pleasedefitribe brieflythecontentor other emphasisof thecourse?'awide varietyof inswerswasmeived. Many respondentsindicatedsintply thatthecourse was on "Economic principles andproblems";others. notedthat theemphasis was'on macroeconomicsoraggregativeeconomics;and still othersreplied that the firstsemesterorhalf of thecourse wasdevotedto microeconomics and the secondto microeconomics. .. A land-grantcollege notedthat the course centered about 2issues:"nationalincome andoperation of thepricingmechanism"Atalarge Stateuniversity,thecourse is devotedto "theory and itsappliciponto policy."At another State university,thecoursecolisistsof 'basic ecortomicconcepts;na- tionalincomeaccounting;employmenttheory; moneyand banking; theory ofthe firm;internationaltrade;corporate economicsyaon.- current problemsand policies."At snot**landagrantinstitution the courseis devotedto "Price theory;incometheory;publicpolicy." At stillanotherland-grantcollege, thecoursemakesan"Attemptto interest studentsin problemsasopposedto theory." Atone'teuniversity,thecourse'semphasiswasdesCribedas an "appli I ofasystematicstructure ofanalysisto problemsand policies."Atanother, thecourseemphasizes"Thestructure and functioningofa .free-enterpriseeconomy." --- That ,thecourseis concernedtoalargeextent withcurrent problems andappliedeconomicsseems evidentnot only fromresponses already citedbut alsofrommanyothers.Atonelargeprivateuni- versity, forinstance,thecourseis devotedto "Developinganalytical principlesin bothmicroandmacroeconomics,tools ofanalysis,and acquaintanzealiipwithoutstandingtheoriesandtheorists,current problem andprivate andpublicremedialactionsto theseproblems." Anotherprivateuniversitydescribesthe .1 courseas one consistingof "Theoryorientedaround problemsofdepression,cooperation,conflict, problomn-solving.".At stillanother, thecourseisan"Introductory analysisof the Americaneconomy." While-many of thedescriptivestatementssuggeft thatthecourseis designed to aid the studentas acitizenaswellas a student ofeco- nomic,s,some aremoreexplicitthan others.Forexample,oneState oollegeresponse reads:"EconomicsforCitizenshipincome tion, distribu- businessandgovernment, economicsystems."Fromanother State college camethestatement:"Thisis thegeneralcoursein Prin- ciplesof Economics and theemphasiiis placedonsocialawareness of themoet significant economicprinciples,iiroblems,fallacies,social obligationsinaninterdependentsociety."Aprivate the brief universitygave revonse: "Development6fresponsiblecitizenship." anotherprivate At uhiversity,thecourseis "Ageneralsurvey ofhalli dozenproblemsof public a policymost pressingfor thecitizen: e.g., can -poverty beabolished, Whichsystem worksbest:capitalism, communism,socialism!" SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFORBACHELOR'SDEGREES 13 On the otioCig hand,afewinstitutionsmade itclear thatthecourse was not designed as an exercise inappliedeconomicsorwithproblem solving primarilyin mind.Ataliberalarta colh::in theMid- west, the course "emphasizesprinciplesratherthanpracticalorde- tailed material";andatasimilarcollegein NewEngland,the reply as to content oremphasis,was: "Dwriptivelittleanalysis." IASti thanhalf oftherespondents_indicatedwhetherthecoursehad been altered inanysignificantwayinrecantyears.Of the85 insti- tutionssupplying an answer to thispart of thequwtionilaire,17re- portednochange inropeoremphasiswhatsoeverinrecent 6 others years,and reportedno"significant,"or"major:or"appreciable" change. FromaStateUniversityin NewEngland.camethe "not [altered] response; inrecentyars.Theyall changeddueto Keynes in thelate thirties."Apsivatelibertilarts coliagein theMidwest repliedthat thecourse?rad"not [been]&helloedsignificantlyin 10 ymugs." In 62of the 85infAitutionssupplyinganswers to the question,how- erer, some form.ofchangeinrecentyears was reported.In 21 institutions, thechangehasbeenfrommicroeconomicstoa macro, aggregative,nationalincomeemphasiaAnadditional reportedthat institution 2 ofthecourse's12 seictionswere experimentingwith thisapproach. Thischange inemphasiswasreportedashavingbeen madeduringtheperiod1946-1955. Anoppositechangemoreemphasison microeconomics past 7-8 during the years----was reported byanEasternwomen'scollege;and increased emphasisontheorysince19Mwasreportedbyalarge State university and byasmallliberalarts college,bothin theEast.Four institutionsnoted that theyhadchangedthecoarse'semphasisfrom pricetheory to problems.Inafewinstances,respondentsindicated that thecourse waskeptup todate,or at leastasmuchso asthetext- booksthey used.Onenoted thataparticularauthor'stexts had been used "forthepast, 5 years." About one-fourthof therespondentsgaveanswerseovaried make as to classificationimpracticable:some notedachangefroma 1.-semester toa2-semestercourse, orviceversa;some noteda in thegrade change levelof thecourse;whilestillothersnotedchangesaf- fectingonlya segment of themum.

TheSummitsCourseMostFrequentlyTaken:Features RegardedbyRespondentsasUnusuallySuccessful

Then; was noagreementamong respmdentsastoanyone or two features of thecoursethatmight becalledunusuallysuccessful. feature The most frequentlymentionedin thisamnection( times), elation iurthe ing afliJyRiR report trI" At the liberal providing th norni acquainting th policy (motions," municipal ported: it'd listofc;r*eiaIlv ful tical prcth1e West showingthe Economy," been BxceAUnc diartk wampum tlLre, whileinthis members tunity for In in theMidw:t rimq en and tdieri=-in iriarily ck1rr1ptr4!JICy wfl:ch dOU!Ji IMFx=Jrt:rIZ= p=L,&d taihr:- -.!_y - -=- Mated matters 14 Preparation Li A Six inctjtutjon Opportunities the course c fetnr - private number pmbIern a Oi = e from SOCIAL Miw- , arts of 'profona1 is -- work inith& tr&nendou z:i& or by "Every time as institutions to t connee el - of thefa:uF:y: a suc4T9fuL was university othe:r all for the = In tflecour el thc- oo11cge a V17 reported Iarg private a1Kmt small r '= Ui :iAttIIO&i ==4 I u::ver=!v large private Als of At other SCIENCE unuua11y suee&fu1fat'jr for furtherstudy nii: "eznphasi was tf' udent with ra -=:- &UdFTiVISda: individual çyjç of interesting, - tür CIa;iizion _i not iti1 c1aivtef3f" iñ1 3 i-= : A dt withthesubject rirardd d:e LTV the problni. noted a nentionel with the eierri1 s:mknt 'Relation fAIr:. their "Small related in th -- our quality a 8== uiysi md Ecoznie rpJ Principles" inexperienced RZQUIRED4MMn if&on&i ra:' imromnt institutions, -I large = ft; -_ -=_ th*r on university, wils reported ahem, university 1 = of pip&iv s=rne art tile featur mrnk,' the rsvoram afl collee !tjfl cIa LhJr Ij-3-fl -- = eitnze1 the the uF1J R& ftttractJg btctudent =- J1 . S-t In of" that. their Lf&L i ctr- ir tii1enzs u = the A Mdwtni -- cirss: -= rnatry of ee*nomi a or reiatM iinnan w cummt = -= 1arg __i_ in the "We eX1reflcfxI also, prx MJI'LI hiti Busin cun and gradu&t of from the wer indicated the "We or Tne YY,R AT3W; of States was wardedby = Lrt to it U-at shouldbe. Iv n !iii? rJatjn to jjcfuI - U providing of most guccfuI point ofview economic& cour- field tripa course's of h- -=-- fts _ = (yet a iareI:t*-rJartscoIIege ' regained w a course. act LaL O-' orientation believe bIwaI coum policy UflUSU&!1 fundamental - especially __ - Wt1J= AdmiII1&tiL?' large and =- Far -- w studeri institution = private; i aute wtrghorge tIit 1ong=1iting; "Highly -- of films.crrh& cour wjr:J - the LL iL'U th :W: th unusually feature worthy pribn&" that kxeiient stadeits on urnAmerican pri%:&tE nr a One Ir: =U3L 15 gqj it V&JL cour 3T came- A real Midwest, ii _% --. university to sa,444;;,; hin c,f o w ible ifliç; Midwestern DEGREES rs a &rre State univtr- effct tAf'1 f& a very "An - . feature and au appre vraI itLzii= of the rinasq what And ar university i npts" alai to iL1 succtt a public fj1 in experi- o-ppor mak- report pr Ar: iosa- East- eLfivt -= hin ether 'TIi f the Far flinr and rt&; -- re of in JL: as on oT c;4 a =3. Mi licillimpowsiwilhoilkoiNlawlak101.0t = _341a_ .¢74. -171. -.411a .17A SOCIAL A-4= _ REQUIREMENTSFOR BA LIR' Bn-r= REVS 15

* ._ .=E dia n Therangeoftinpo -1 1 Etmri a a rIatEdmore - - EsA s E= £ 5-1T = 4 1- WAra a A tothe the asa. clarAllt=41:_w_j_ tof .... A that = = = he mightbecomeas%mono' AZso, -4 ---- -a nt e a_ 4 A re _ #=* ietd that the(*AMMO only V _ E-w.E I introductiontoa new - ra E I 1 1 field A - f andnAlw also indestroyingmany ti ==.--a

= had by thestutiatts.."The _a- AA4_ Ea feature reportedly _ nMidwt_rn State was - in 1 W_ Ttnitiwiperwords: = _ 74_ - E *---= ------7-- _-.-_-- 4 ..--_---4--- I- 4- &laE .___E- V-TE E = --E __-: Esam _-__----,-44,,m ----.-44-4_--4=-- A a. 4 .-----"- - LEE 1E A And LanEastern:awt a__ a a . LE_ & E E I 1 E-=.-- 1 41 A I E 4 ViaI Vist-a-- = -___._ az_=s thasin "Oa th rincip1.4, ... --._. -a_.a = a a _Et-as-_ E t E t-- -Eq 4)- . g- trj El I - WI- 7=TE -,7-7E n w foeure tyd = = unusually f I E- - _ t=

= . ic --4__E-a14-4_s 4- C = g Vs& I frve felt A aas a __A A 1 thecourse was

unusuallyButxlee3ful.Twostated flatlythat = was"None"; a_ - E V V46--1"4-7WA _ r a_e_s_ 4_4-A, _EN said -_ ofany A analafourth 1 1 Ea a --A- s a E - =*. rz--1,Lne1 _ s E Etpai Jut: t coursehadanya_a=a= --a = -7S t --7-4"*U" I _ _-- =

E tric5 7=-7 Most FrequentlyT ei:Features

_ Regardedby aA ,

;E4-77- aA

:Iiirel totherequestforadescription of Voutstan AreakeegwA., thecourt*wasLI topceseEs,91 mphwere zeived. =1 1 = # ---#.----,-- t # -..._.:=-#1 1 , I. . a g -a a, a 1 A i 1 Six of 4 -.E.- _.#_sr 4 _ --E-___ _ liwi t ---' course nRi1nooutstanding weak- 1Li;8 _ -_ I and1reported 'nocomment." Whilethe

remaining81 replies varied, 71of 44.--ak or v -14111-ty-Antfit into1of trcategories ofreported . ) toomuch isattem in the time'Mates]. (31);(b) there is lack of ustmmt to thevarying .- 11 -AS -4 orstudents (24);(c) textime Astiother readnk ) qFr- ial a 4 r riI...Mt trut I Owl Cla_Wa7-47--A E-114 g1 (3);and (d) tooIa_ V w Asto the efforttodotA-0-3 muchnthe timeal- thecourse, A 4- 7._-.7, respondentswere 71:1.±111- 4 _ CI AIlidstitiarn, v 11111Ver81;., said 4 I A- EV- S.6= _ "ThecontentOTtheMIMI.compa 1,t)much material and _ f E ErE r Asa sat aa -aN AA E a Y tyls ofanalysis. Thereispot mough depth andp or 01.1314k. ouldbespritondevelopingana- lyticalprincip1.-:-and::etmtill%oninstitutionalmateriaand lin.i. liest.galAith udeath'previous Y, Jill an E z private versi camethecorninent t overage may becxbroad for$ hoursoblzok..141don ;" and fromaaEastern liberal rtscoil that offersa3-seane3ter hour°aurae,themmment: "Too briefLi U to developr5jtiCe of analy"A largeMid- t_stern State universityreported that "Onesemester is not enough time foragoodotaursein principles ofeconomics." Commentsasto inadequate adjustment ofthecourseto the Om- timt,were numerous. "The sedionsonprice theoryand distribution them "wroteaMidwestern Stateuniversity "leavethe students =

16 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMErTSFOR BACHELOR'SDEGREES cold.'""Freshmenfindmacroeconomicstoo akstract,"anEastern liberalarts collegenoted:"apparently thestudents wouldprefer moreinstitutionalorpolicyquestionssucha.5 appear innewspaper headlines."And fromaliberalarts college in theSouth r: camethe c}ort "Inclinedtobetoo dry (so thestudents say)."AtaWestern Staleuniversity,therewasreportedtob "Lackof vitalinterest onthepart of students"and"inadequateinterest andlack ofsupport bytherest of theUniversity."A SouthernState universitysupplied the briefcomment that thecourseis "Notinterestingto students." FromaMidwesternStateuniversitycamethe complaintthatfvo- nom majorsandnonmajoIswereenrolled inthesame course; andfromaPacificCoastState collegeandanEastern liberalarts college mile statementssuggestingdifficultyin adaptingagrerterti Auca cioursWile.r needsof allstudents. Unsatisfactorytextor prreadingmaterialsranked rd highest, among outstandingweakne&-w ofthecourse.A largecol- lege in the Eastreporteda"backof simpleanalyticalmaterialin conjunctionwithsimpleexplanationofcurrent businesspractices forteachingmarketmechanism."Aprivate universityin theEast found the"Text'ssubjectmattertoo abstract andpricesystemma- terial oftendivorcedfrompractice."Theregas an"Absenceot emphasisoneconomichistory!'Anotherprivateuniversity inthe East put the textbookcomplaintsuccinctly"Exewsivelvbulkyand uninterestingtextbooks."ASouthernState universityfound that the course's '(ir-eattweaknessstems frompoortextualmaterial." Ile fourth .-. mostnumerous complaintwas:Large .A ernState universi reportedt _ip.%-es oftenrun ashighss40 studen whereas"2 5 is tuna AMidwesternprivateuniversity noted that"Classsizeaverages 45-50 students,whichistoo large for effectiveclassdiscussion."A Midwesternmunicipaluniversity said thatwhileitwas notaweaknessof thecourseitself,"Cams II am too large formost effectivediscussion... Whilemany ingtitutions , anoted, complained_J_ thecourse attempted too much,afew othersobjectedto its limitedc or to , A the kind_of topics---owri-4.Ata,!ut le liberalartsciiiipge forinstance,itwasfelt thatthe course"didnotpayenough _ to the econom consumptionfor[the]studentwho willtake noothercoursinf_J-i-inonzim" A Mid _en_liberalaI7-8 _ also voted thewane"Failuretocover consumption" ndobserved that itplaced "toomuchemphasisonforeigntrails,too littlem- phasisonpublicfinanm" Amongotheroutstandingweaknetwareportc_Awereinsufficim writtenoroutside workbystudentslack ofcoordinationbetween lecture andquizwetiona,uneven quality of instruction,administrative andpersonnelpolicies, andwant of analysisrelatedto problems. ;SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTS FORBA rilir CrLOR' S DEGREES 17 Whileasindicated above,6 respondents rted that thecourset nooutstandingweaknem, onlyI,gaveitaqualified satisfactoryrat- ing An economicschairman inaMidwegzernprivate universityre- r ki that he regardedthecourse as"generally satisfactoryin sup- gntroduc.tory materialfor most students."

Economics in ra Sotu_Scienceorbevies&Education Courses

Of the18institutions givingsomekind ofpositiveresponse tothe Economicsque6tionnaim 62reported generaleducationorintegrated i al sciencecoursesin additiontomum%in economics. Only3 institutions hadtheir bachelor's degreesocial sciencerequirement in the form ofgeneral educatiopcourse. Thepercent of students in 54 institutionswho take themcourseste satisfynonmajor graduationrequirements,ranges.from 0to 100, the median being22 In 10 institutions,all studentstakethecourse for thispurpotv,. For administrativepurposes,thesecourses are usually assigned to asocial &them* divisionin 40 of the68 institutions,or63.5-percent. In 8 institutions,or12.7percent., thecourseis miniAered bythe econoIn18department.In the remaining15,or23.8percent, it is administered by&variety ofgroups,including thecollege ofeducation faculty, thehistory department,the generaleducation(or studie6). divisionordertment,- the politicalBelem* anti sociologydepart- ments, andaspecialcore courdivision. 2' In 18 of46 institutions, theeconomics staffoffersno partof the instructionin integratedocia1 cienmorgeneral -tic a t1 01-10_0 In theremaining 2A.institutions, however,the economistscontribute 2400,rcent ottheinstruction in thet.courser,.The medianis 27.6 percent. a

-333 3 -t7 Mr- a I a Ms

HIM

7ELORSDEGREESin historywerewaiermi_in156 Bby 177institutionsof highersUtiOL1Because ryis taughtin nearlyallwileges andukivereiti however,°one oricore (-our-N*6 prn in the subject wereofferedthatyearbyal;11-.,of the other654 -1-1;--tAntinginstitutions.' Of 319instatu in thesurvey, 224 mawanereceived;13 of thftaleindicated tihatS,neLrstitut=ionhadnobgcheior-de social sciencenquirrnenttoward whichhistory mi ottan=:-, and tprst- _ videdinformationinadequatefor thesurve 1). Theremain- ing 209reported sucharequirement. OftheseiI1 positiveresponses, 179werefrom institutionstht confe bachelor'sdegrees inhistory in1955-44.

TheGsN CourseWhichStudentsMost FrequentlyTake Towa Satisfyingg'a ° e°1011 =1, Social Science Requirement

For alltheirbachelor's tr morethan tx:.o-thircisofMOre- partinginstitutionshaveaamid science Ltowardw

StrittdDegrees Cö1Lfldby Mabel'Mutations] Institutions,ISFMA, U.8. Washington. *avertPrinting Clem1057,p. 14.(U.S. DepartmentofHealth,EFIneutp., and Welfare,Mikec Memnon,Circular No. 499) IOf.Jennings EL &salami. JildtergraduateHistoryeurrk-ulum LeTeachersentipms, "'UndergraduateHistory Currkniusnin the 94Laud-Orant Colima!,and StateUniver- sitlea," and "TheHistoryCurriculum la 110Privately ControlledLiberalArtie Colleges A Summary,"I. 114yher Idflo,Oct. 1,1949.p.111-114; Nov.15. 1949.p. 0740; May 1,1950,p. 201-2044 reweetirely. End *This numberrewultz from theimbtraetIon ofTV tram1,a31, thenumbftP of 4wrw Inman&institutionsshown inminions II-1Yeti?'Medina)Directsry 1214-47,Past BlewEducation, lk Washington,U. 5.Govarnnidnt Printing011ft, 1N44IL 8. 18 SOCIALSCIENCE REQUIREMENTSFOR E-F DEGREES19 fulfillmenthistorycoursesmayis take&More _n of reportinginstitutions have sucha m.nentint 11_1thei A.1. degrees, and morethanthreet-fourthsfor allB. S. degrees.There,- quiremmtisalso lluitecommonforbachelor'sde la the4pm- ftmionalareAs :cove by thequestionnaire:inagriculture,inmore g three-tifthsof 43reportinginstitutions;in businessati com- rnermin nine-tenthsof129 :reportinginstitutions;in education,in nearly allof146 repirtnginstitutions(95..2.percent);KAU inen- *-nneertng, in two-thirdsof88rspoortmg institutions(table2). = A few coa that whilethe uire.ment didnot applytoall bachelor'sdegreesin the above rt.:4it did applyto gomeA largenumber(71) reportedthatthe eatpplisal L=Ra. to Alfg der:.vr:.-not ifirtialyet) bythe question- 4-1-6 4=4 v_ig AL 4,_A-L Among thewwerebachelor's i in suchil-adsask_me economics,music nursing,and pharmacy.

§ ry cour.s V*1 ..-=m takentowariinitratinga. bachelor-o1 social sciencerequirementisAmericanhistory, alai th second asstfrequently 'enis worldhi orciviliiation..116- garil ne of title,themost takencourseisa 11 in slightly iethan one-halfot 183 reportinginAitutiona,and isam elective inaIrrC uirementin two-thirds(tole3).In nearly one-halfofisitutiowitudeatsmoist the swillsciencer1uIrement iytakinghistoryeitheras trtnu. or as eakelective subject(table ).Inslightlymoredap oons-thirdof 184 rting institutio the co- a 4-1 curseis requi orrecommended uit forallother .14,017cOttlw tabu8).

Ern-oilmen -linlents in thecourse from2(J to 8 andInn'tf -in- u H" ve of 46S-3afigure unusuallyhigh .usethe sample of tonsCAJfltft aiisproportionatonumberWith largeen= ! Thecoursecarriesanaveragee oi Lammeterhours (tab! 4). Li rly two-thirds tions,theGVUTS18usuallytakenIn the A' year( e6),and innearly thrfi it18taught in groupsofnotNeosiiti2540&tudents (tl 5). rn r f ini thecourseisttby staff ern-t--rs_ ofthe 8usual prof-orialrami (table10;andIn morethantwo-,_hi. the basic pattern of thecourseis determinedeither bytheindividualcourse rs orbyadepartmaitalcommittee(table11) Itwasestimatedbyrespondants intaievim-Witiii- ofinstitutions _hat90percentor moreofstudentsenrolled inthecourt%complete itforcredit(table8), and that,for50-100 t of these students, ..his wouldbe theonlymusethey wouldtake in thesubjeot (table9) 47941ffi vrvey course; ing UnitedStateshian tory; andfromWestern can pean present; from"straight early timestothe tuirti tothepreent from civilization cated cmpio indicated that that them ern civilization, preciable change course s reported in1 pansien ancient Th 20 indicated that and history Still another7 emphasis inthe similar and in thwie, is either responses nomic, social, American Ipors mphasis. or 04 the Department In 49, The questionnairer-Nue.st I" an eric 10, a, to Europmn Dire.. PA history toWesternWorld history, SOCIAL .SCIENCE cat. ii scope Recent 1W) cours. scope or institutions, the American and i 57 departments --111 indicated thatthe 17 indicatedan had to I 8 to enlargement o any Of thet.712,53 and in23, sturv a institution Course Most a courseon the presentto but hoards course from Eu. been and and no institutions have v .14uction. and In Iinstitution, history had beenmade history or nges extending only prsw_21 or meent or political typst no (3). were edizevat %nit iEQUIRENTS FO emphasis andscope civilization, and laSp& 4'44 Euwpesn change in history" _ t reported rmxztively. as t; that civilization indicatM thatthe course ci course change, enlarge chnj requested toindicatethe reporting rId mama One froti Europe the The majorityof from ! civilization. for to cow-% Of the79responsestothisrequest, one they history, raid course each in to of a 600 toEuropefromearlytimes of number-I a history, a i covering theperiodfriarsancient that mighthavebeenmadeinthe Modern Euro from 1763 the dewription of the or include Western civilization;from Euroe change from history combination s eua C sone reported to (7) i itmerican history) as of number-1freciu..7c at course; a elmir of thecourt'ssubjezt-matter Western civilization an , neluding UnitedStatea üs a sinm 1%.:'1.1 or 4' A44M and Statements recent changein BACEVAMUS DEGREES A AV_ t IACa 5 as course additional 7indioated chum General European,Mod- pe-kall - _A = from departments of number-Ifrequency a and 2oftheft PA frequency, elicited much _ in will frequency 'is no 1815 e4-1 with A t7-ws*--t change fromAmeri- _ from s the content ci another a eour to significant apy embraced general history, each permit.. to uri coverage a grylia history r- the Revolution. a A as Euro A le M__P"Orl the , to on it Emphasis, on Inilto date that .11 A emphasis arvpe or NV__.ern '-Ar or Euroim account 14 AI and 4 Oily includ- science mainly o.f ittxxk I 1-1 or wtiern from other etco- wits Pt 1441 ap- ex- 162 2'2 ) a ;)- 1:

ININNIIIIWItS01111114111MAIIIMPulowougoloolouillsiommomi mosummolimomisotiviiliimiliuwiwau4M,111111141111111111111111U111411111$111111141111111M111411111M4111411001 1 SOCIALSliNCEREQUIREMENTSFORRAMMOW SDEGREES 21

In1 9,I. departmentu:wi.uctNdthesubject-matterscopeof itz coumfromcivilizationcoverage tocoverageofEuropeanand United *atmhistoryonly.In1956.1 departmentMoved forwardthestart- Lrig pointof theirWesterncivilizationcoursefrom earlycivilization eistoryoGreece,and1 chang&imin acure on civilization o acourw onx3n,emporary affairs. Ofthe 15 departmentsthat reportedchang. oftkujeict-matter tAmpha-sis,t3indicatedmore streonK-onomic, &xia.I, and cultural history than previo;q Two de-rtments reportedmore emphasis 1 ,,,kan previouslyon 1 Asiain * theircivilization rW'='_. another incrtm.z.%demphasisonthe modernperiodinsucha course;and still another,more emphasison economic history andonRussia. Twodepartmentsnoted I emphasisonthe colonialperiodin their UnitedStateshistoryooin-*-z.s.

-SEF theremaining242reeponwistherewere nolargegroupings: _portie4Jhonorsworkorspecial workfor superiorstudents,2 indi- catedyearlyorperiodicreviews ofthecourt"2 indimtedat eha hadbeen mademutattedtoeAtilainwhat theywert;and4ti thatthe amount of timeallotted thecourse had been roM *imeatz--4c to 3 2 1 to 1,antiIstmcnek,er )2. thriv t u tions reportedthAt theirWesterncivilizationcourwbecamea re- gaireriest, 1947-155) and1 nottod thattheir Eurc** Statim history coursewasintroducedin 144,t.Otherresponsesindiestimi changes suchas Its enlargement oftext materials,u ofmovies, emphasis On problem-apprmeh,--morerelianceonreadingsthanon tertybasteisuitutionof smallch for 1 ile itisanimpreotivefacttnat 22 of79 respondents,or27.8 t, indicatedno meont ehangek irLhef!our'F.,ropeoremphasis hadbeen 6,it isneverthelesstrue thatmost of theremaining72.2 percentguggasttzat thecourseisnot static butis undergoingconstant reexaminationand 1

ThHistoryCows* MostFrequentlyT Foto.. Regarded byRespondentsasUnusually sful

orethanone-half(N of 84)of therespondentswhowpp1ied data on features of tJ course regardedas unusuallySU gave answers concerned withtheteachingof thecourse.Ofthese50, 18 mentionedtheadvantagesof smallclaws,attention byinstructorsto individual students,.theproblemapprftchininstruction,and fm--

. quent written work.Suchfeaturesastherequirementofspecialre- ports, outside andmattereadingsandemploymentof multipletexts we noted by14, andIx%in thecourseofstrong andexperienced ers was mentioned by11 others.Regardedby8respondentsas read selectionsfrombetween the report tmabrid a South 615"disetiftion library (openshelf) was and coile feature,. tests, etc." each instructor and discussion "our b the noteti that"all employed forti inaructor tcJ ferial rank °our% was discussions ofsigmficanttrendsand cAJufltryas vrsi vintne of the IA theprimaryenipnft! university intheEast"Ouremphasis[is] events report. Awoman'scollege sthdents toproblemsthroughthegtudyandanalygisofhistorical and teacher andstudentfeelingoffreeaom ftTl reported the"useoforiginal ments." And 22 bons,' re[)otTh tion. WAS thought especiallyworthyof materials, andby2otherstheintordisciplinar%approachininstrue an smaller collegefor Suct"Tive Illustrative oftheimportanceattadieki More frNuentlymentionodthan -s- unusuallv succifulfeatureofthe warm unusually guoctfuIfeatureofthe noted_ Awoman's reports come the advantagrresultingfromsmallclasses SOCIAL ScIENcEREQUIR course. on a as seen For 2res-pondents,the in t and thelatter'scorrelationwith people lecture"andthat IA ten in thehandlingofalways largest to officetalkwithfaculty," of the the commentof reading listthree was one I[1tknJ, independent Southwest, formerly West in thelightofpatit" one of theteachers sections" ofthe sections undersupervision was a small co*Aucationalliberal regarded 1wseveral couL_.qe---That "ourstaffisfully A largeprivateuniversity private universities lar,tze year his of theoldcvstprivateunivemities came women no "independent""no own on besides private universityin It-ur in selectinginstnictors." the _uts-ule llege way." a in theEast in report mentign N and30important departmental chairman source tn use the Southlikewise times eathsemester"; k a in or course are the "our Ph.D.candidat reading, textbook of NTS roRBACITELOWSDEGREES the East of litvrarvand a One Stateuniversityin projects andpapers." that "nograduatesmistants" text teachers college, course material alongwith any ot were iraztituti movement as came coum) counie. difficult a w was the appropriatefeliture uniformity regarded upon and okiervedfurther "taught bythose arts collegeintheUpper in theEast to interruptandspeak to good by lecturers." the Midwst the replythat rld IiterarN portftl about 800 regardeti uN . competent" and"each cularly good teaching. featuiT ofthe indicated that"class "The disvussio as n art Clixrse of From including as the courcm's likewise es. man Lein ofreadings also that sourc-__ comstant in materials inthe eq_chn the bestfeature as to great books," ouservel at a f audiovisA contact wit a survey, werc pages." A a large State in theEa.s And from brief one State introductk,s "audenth the West works in- the reading, A State strestwi usually of current use in the "they of the pi= docu- text were This that pro- hes% that um= of F'SV up t

11411x,0111.mammocio 4 SOCIAL SCIENCE FOR BACMRI4 DE-GRXR43 23

_ university in thedwp South reportedanexperiment with papers"tobe uidwith prof&-asorin office" and "somemiuction of lecturesp&haps"

= Other )roac Lk)theproblem of includeday,*ofade= 1 I 3 A sourcehook,theconductingofa spwialA worksho-Iand

I-1 I -= themaintenanceofan A A _

_ _ a TheWet-) r_ A_ _ ofr_pill.n.wm to particularquestion t s _ I the 4.1 contributionto v intellectual7-n improiw A= = t a at VI went the udL A 4_4 connection,itwasnoted in giving 1 studentsome Li _an of the peoples ofthe world andtheir 4_ A 4 -sa,aA culturt%, - made for toleranceandperspective.For in- nt inaMidwestern Stateteachers collegeofferingaeoun.44 lfl uridcivilizationfrom C times, "Therilne*ptthat Western 0 civilization adebt Aa earlier ORS- wasregardedsr I I T avaluable taught by thecourvw _ have a tothisre- quirement,"continued theresponse,"'steictuklahrfrmhnaanzttudests cometousWith Almostnogt-udy of ancient anti,medieval h A similarcoursein aX State college ofeducation"cremesan understandingonthe part of the student oftheorid he 1ivtinand itsproblems." The "development of [a]sense0 :esitarnCivilization,"and affordingCie studentan"excellent chancetotratethe]develop- went, of'-----Vets4ernthought"ere rg&rti as strongeatAir-_;of tits cour inanew,.Easternuniversityanda privat-IPacifiCeoast Liberalartscollege, rwpectivtly.Atalarge Eaurnprivate _4_Jile&_ ror men,where the-1.1rAM In 'toki Sta=t_ history parallelsderelor ments in erparts of thewo it is feltthat studentsgain "a better perspectiveof IJnitedStateshistory. Awlmew naimilarcon at = atarp Eastern forwomen "pronsvotesDfl understandingof the developmentof U. S.MLitz AtlanticWorld." "Thebreaking down0theextreme OTIS p of;twinystudents"was w reportedasthe keE114 M Pn1-Zat-lan course'smostsuccessfulfeaturt ina uthenici-311w forwomen. A fewr-eponsi (5) a- efact that thecourse was good history, and,byimplication,that thiswasaisx emou Forin- Atte*,aStateunivers ifl UpperSou rpori1:t ican honest UT in Altai histo A Stateuniversity :nthe Wxrewpondz; that pfeelWAdo giveapretty fair understanding of the political, economic,and socialhistory ofthe WesternWorld." At 8 other imatitutions, the_rfttion of studentintend inthe historical apprcachto plsoil Mitthe attractionof studentsto historyas a field ofconetwitration reregardedasoutstanding featuresof the scum Still otherinstitutions(4) phasized thecourse's valuableedwa- titxmlbyprodwta, suchasinculcation of goodstudy habits,training 24 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFOR BACITILOWS MGM= in note-taking andorganizing Material,and intellectual discipline. Wrotearespondent fromanEastern State university:"One of 'hard- est'courses oncampus." "Good 'tscipline'in basic knowledgeand skills and stamina." Of the remaining16 institutions thatmadesomekind ofresponse to the question ofunusually successfulfeatures-ofthecourse,2 noted that itwasespecially useful forscience students andfor othernon- specialists in history.Only 1 institutionreported that all features of thecourse wereunusually successful,and only2gavetheanswer "None"; the other11responses were sovariedasnot to be classifiable. These included suchfeaturesasemphasisonthe Far East,oremphasis onthe American nationalperiod.

TheHistoryCourse Most FrequentlyTaken:FeaturesRegarded byRespond asWecimesses

Inresponseto the invitationto indicateanyoutstanding weaknesses thecoursemight have, 104statementsweremade by 96 institution& Of the104, 44 relatedto lack of time to accomplish thepurpoees of thecourse."Too little time forsuchabigsubject.,."wastheresponse fromaMidwestern land- college.Wilegreatest weakness," cametheresponsefromawoman's college inthe East, "is theenor- mous scopeof thecourse.It is hardto correct this because itseems essential that studentshavesomefamiliarity withgreat epochs and names,if theyareto be considered educatedpersona" "Timetoo briel-3 hours weeklytoassign extensivereading,"wroteaWestern liberalarts college, "though ,about WO booksareconsulted by students during the 2 semesters.""I haveneverbeen convinced,"replieda departmental chairman inaSouthern Stateuniversity, "that itwould not be better tocover ashorter period well."Andataprivate university in the West, thecourseis "rushedand somewhatfrustrating to both staff and students." Complaints that thecourse wasallottedtoo little timewerenot limitedto institutions offeringa1-quarter,or1-semestercourse: the complaintcame,for illustration,from institutionsofferinga 1-quarter,a2-quarter,a6-9emester hour, andan8-semester hour course. I secondgroupofresponses(16) relatedto difficulties growing out of lack of physical facilities andcoursematerials.In 1 institution,asyllabuswasneeded;in 8,maps,audiovisualequipment, and illustrative materialswereneeded; in5, the textbookswere lied asinadequate;and in 7, therewutrouble arisingfrom lack ofdupli-

I NightInstitutionsnportel I weaknessesoath. Fourammo* could sot be doodad for th report SOCIAL SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BACHELOR'S DEGRITS 25 cate copies of outside reading books, and from insufficientordesultory library work. A weakness of thecoursereported by 13 respondentswasthe large size of classesorsections.Classes "averaging 80"wereregardedas too large ataWestern State university;and AtaSouthern technical college, "classes of40 to 45"were"too large for smallgroupmethod of teaching." Several ofanadditional 13responseshaving to do primarily with the student and thecourse,related alsoto the class-sizeproblem. For instance, 2 complained thatnot enough attention could be given to the individual,evento the outstanding student; 1 complained ofalack of effective discussion;and 1 noted the problem of giving the student afirm griponthe pertinent facts embraced by thecourse.Others noted thepoorquality of studentsortheir lack of interim inor preparation for thecourse."Many poorly prepared students results in discrimination akainst betterstudents,"wroteaSouthern State university. And froma Midwestern private universitycamethe thaw- vittim that"some 20 percent"athe students "show weak interest becausecourseis obligatory."From 2 institutionswasregistered the objectim thatmanystudents took onlyonepart of thecourse;and from another thatthey lacked the classical trainingrequired by the course. Difficulties in determiningsuchmattersuthescope,depth, and chronological divisionsof thecourle werereported by- 12 institutions. Therewere2 reports that thecourse gaveinsufficient attentionto Asia; 8 that itwasnecessarily superficial;and 3 that itwasdifficult to present enough historical datato clarify the ideas presented. There was onecomplaint foreach of several items: thatacombined Eurti- -United States historycourse gave toolittle auentimtothe United States;that the time allotmentto the chronological periods of thecourse wasdefective; that thecourseoverlapped good secondary schoolcourses;and that therewas aproblim ofchronologicaltreat- mentvs.select periods andproblem. In thereport of weaknesses in thecourse,the teacherwasnot spared. "Teachingof repeated sections,"wroteaMidwestern private university, "makesteachers dull." And fromaprivate university in the Westcametheresponse :"Course hereverywell regarded,butwe must for budgetaryreasonsrelyonPh.D. candidatesand beginning instructors." Attentionwasalso called by respondentsto insufficient teaching personnel,to lack of broadly educatedpersonnel, to the tendency of teachersto "ride their specialty," andto the difficulty of coordinating the lectureswith work ofquiz sections. In only5 instances, didresponsesindicate that thecoursehadno imaistanding weaknessei.Reported1 of these,alarge private uni- versiq in theEast:"We think itafine course." 26 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFORBACHELOR'S DEGRK/t4

History In Integrated SockilScienceorGeneral Education Courses

Of the 66 institutionsthat reportedofferingageneral educationor integrated socialscienc*mum,53 supplied estimatai of theper- oentage of students who takethesecoursesin satisfaction ofnon- major graduationrequirements.In 13 of theN3 institutions, the courses aretabu for thispurp(*isby 106percent of the students; in 9O-95 8, by percent; in 7, by 50-88peTrent in 9, from 2k-1-415 percent; and in 16, from1-12 percent.Thus, inoverone-half of the institu- tims reportingpertinent dataonthe item, 50-100percent91stud take thesecourseeincorm-ection withno-majorgraduatilonrequire- manta. Inresponseto therequest foranindication of thepita) of the -coursein thecurriculum, n,or57.8percent, of 64 institutions iA reported that thecourse wasin the SocialScience Division;8,or121) percent, reported that itwasin the Departmentof Historyorof iliEd.ory andPolitical Science;and19,or29.7, reported that the coursehadaplace in thecurriculum differentfrom the foregoing. In aboutathird of thelatter, theNurseis under the Departmentof Gen- eral EducationorGeneral Studies:Remainingresponsesidentified the administrationof thecourseinavariety ofways:Integrated department, liberalarts social science committee,department of #humanities,departmentsconcerned, socialscience departments other than history, andso on. Inmorethan one-half ofthe institutions(2,5 of 47) that reported the approximatepercentage of instruction providedin thesecourt, by the Historystaff. thelatter supplieslittleor noneof the instruction: noneat all in 21 institutions,and only from5 to 15percent. in 4 others. In 7 institutions,however, theHistory staff supplies100per- cent of the instruction, and in7 others, from50 to 80percent..In 8 institutions, from20 to 40percent of the instruction is suppliedby the History staff. Fromonemedium-sized Stateuniversity in whichthe Historystaffoffers 8-10percent of the instruction inthecourse, came thecomment: "Thiscourseis experimentaland in the opinion of the History Depart[men]thighly dubiousin value." Chapter5

POLITICALSCIENCE ,

dnll :iDG THE YEAR19 ; 882 institutionsof ereduca- ._ Lion conferredbachelor'sorfirstprofemionaldegroesingovern- mentorpoliticalscience.'This numberdoesnot, of°owes,indicate theextekt of politicalscienceofferings, Il sincemanyinstitutionsoffer 1or morecoursesin the subjectwithouthavinga\departmentoroffer- ingamajor.' . Ofasample of819 institutions,186 respondedthat theyhadasocial science requirement,for bacheior'sdegree.and thatpoliticalscience countedtoward therequirement(table1). Amongthe 186,there were 188, institutions . thatconferreddamesin politicalscience in 1955-X

The PoittladScienceCourseWhich StudentsMost Frequently TakeTowardSatisfyingaBochefor-OegreeSodalScience Requhwnint

or Among the 1 institutionsthathaveabachelor-degreesocialsci- encerequiremeettoward whichpoliticalsciencemay count., slightly morethanone-halfhave therequire/mitfor all bachelor's degrees411. I Alarmed DegreesConfinedby MeatadacaticaalInstitut:1m U. & °overnight 11015-414.Washington. PrintingOfico, 1257,p.14. (U.B.Doartmeatof Health,Education, andWelfare,(Meeofadulation.Creak,No. 4.6) I &wardingpolitical ame incolleges,us: Goals tor Politicallickace:Reportptthe Onamitbsetorthe Advaacommtof Tstg,American (Williamabase PoliticalScienceAssociation Amebae% lac,New Yoit 1NI ).ContemporaryPolitical Seisms:A Surveyat Methods,Itmosardiand Machias(UNARM Paris, Prance,MO), Publication,No. 246,UMW% cooking dioeunalowot Politicalmeioses Invariouscountries, Wilk"- ing theUnitedStates.Soo aloe, W.P. Tockw. Arts PoliticalScience°twinsin Liberal Whim.TM awes:&soap, 1111:255-258,October1947. fri 4114,1' 28 ALSfc, CIREM FORBACHELOR'S -R conferred loy them.Four-fifthsofin institutionshavethe require- mentorall A. B.it,4-?-1, ano neal, one-halfofi=nstitutions have itfor all 1.S. -OirrefAS(table2). For t--9 n degrees the4 professionalareascovorektbythe questionnaire, he ii1scienrequirementvaries- widely.Whereas the uiretnent. TIM amongmore g iour-filthsofreporting institutionsfor all 1 ti brachelor'sdegrees businessandwmmerceand 111 ek.aea it appli - to all &it, in in lagaanthree- fifthsof Lit reporting and inengineer' in 1 than half (table2). one- In instanceswhere therequirement doesnot applyto allbachelorEt ofa grs giventy orinagivesarea, respondentsindicated that itdidapplyto someof th degrees.Forexam-IWitmay applytoall A.B. degrees except thosein tinearts;toI1 B. S.degrees in tureexcept those in 11Q dairy or trhusbandry; Coallbachelor's degreesimt businessandcommerce exceptthosein Wik' trainingnbusiness ucation;to 11 4Rdernw. in education excv those inphysicaleducationorindustrialarts education; andto allB. S.deA-: in -enngxc c- m aero nauticalormeta; engineering. foroover,64 -ionsrcv- portedthatthey hadthe uirettentorsome bachelor'sdegreesno, Aficallyco- by thequestionnaire;th inc degrees such in areas asmusic,nursing ucation,an Aamiacy. Respondents s_itt=4_1 indi thatAmeneAL lent1,thepolitical sciencecoursemost ently takantowardmeetigsocialscience requirementsI 's degree--that forthispurposeit exceeds allotherpolltie acienceurembiltbyiLtut8to 1, itsnearest competitorbei on toliticaliencand/ogov,rRment. Regard] of title, thepoliticalsciencecome most uenLy taken fordipurrio just,MenoriM,isa srthcrequirementin nearly thirdcsf institutions,andan ye IDa gyouprequim ment innear one-halfof flewtjMa reqnir:or recommended prerequisitefor allother politicalscience(*arms in slightlymore thanone-half of mportinginstitutions(table8).Innearlythree fifths ofinstitutions,it was _._tiniatefiii thatW100permntofstudents wouldmeet the suia1ienc requirementbytakingpoliticalscions. (table 7);inMorethan three-fourths,that90 orznore,fstu- dentsenrolledinthecourse would completeit for in credit( e: );and more thanfour-fifths,that for54-95pergolaof thr would studentstins bethe onlycoursein thesubjecttheywouldtake The (table9). course hasan enrollmentof809----aflop cause of the unusuallyhigh be- disproportionatenumberof largeinstitutionsin the sample(table4). Itcarriesan ari-ge of 3.8semesterhours ,xedit(table4). of ,ICIALSC I Eli CERE lftBACHELOR'SDEGRE .29 Innineteii of u thecourseis usuallytakenin the ehjnatiyeAr(bAle 1);and in nearlytwothirda,istaught ingroups- ofnotmore LaI215-50students (tabi4).In nearlythree-fourths of tutio themumistaughtivystaff membersof the3usual fEoriaimilks,t4ble10), and inflea _an course's basicPattf-risis _ either11individual lc re. instructors orby 4Mt de ointau (table11)

miPoliticalScienceCosi h1/4pstFrequently Tthgn:.. SIantiRecentChamps

If yonethingstandsout in the 168responsesuto tor pLiasisof thepolitical ence courseo_nursierL4frequency, itis thelarpemphasismat is placedonkmenc ionaigovernment. hamany ons, to besure,thecourseionAmericannational government ratherthanon 4 American GovernmentFederalState, andlocal. But in thelattercourse,which isthe politicalsciencecourm most -uentlytaken inconnectionwith bachelor-degmesocialscience ire1ments, the nationalgovernmentalemphasisis alsopronounced; and tosome extent itisfoundinwurses on comparativegovernment andonintroductionto political scienceandgovernment Since thesecourses carryanaverageofonly3.8semester hours of credit, andmanyof themcarryonly 3semester hours, it isunder- standablewhy, inthe competitionfor attention,the nationalgovernment should winoutoverState andlocalgovernment:It isunder- standablebecause ofthe largerole thenationalgovernment for long has playedinour country and the especiallypowerfulrole it has playeilduringthe pastquarter-century. Thus,aland-grantcollegein the litridw(md,notes that "thecourse, beinglimitedtoone quarter, concentratesonAmericanNat[iona]1 Gov[ernmen]t.."An institutionof similartype in theupperSouth reports thatthemums'"is thecustomary Americangov[ernmen]t 94E (kours&----chiyFederalgoverment"Andasimilarinstitutionin XewEnglandindicatesthat themum*placesgreater emphasison FederalthanonState and localgovernment& AtaState university mthe West,thecoursefsonthe nationalgovernment, "plussome State andlocalgovernment in secondquarter." Where thecourseplaces largeemphasisonState andlocalgovernment, thisemphasismaybe dictatedby Statelaw. Teninstitutions representingthe North,South, andVir;:. andallexceptonepublicly supported,eachreportsswimemphasisonthegovernment of the State inwhich the f institution islocated. comparative course ernment. Oneprivate ment, the institution more in emphasis course erment andpolitics college in reported a strongfunctionalc)overage," related versity in the change lecture "minimum of government form, of significance. 20, as a course's scope in about 1 felthe in the (10), although "greatest stress" Government., ton totheAmerc% Territorial illustrated 30 izAmsideration government. At ment and considerable versity in to satisfy In 2institutions While 8institutions ty, theemphasis Among the To the And, or emphasis third SOCIAL SCIENCE a or was greateremphasisthan 26.0 had changed consisting of course's sessions." A to pressingmajor change hadbeen as scope or was toonewtothe greater emphasis emphasis request forstatements New England 10 the Southwest or percent, indicated noted as New England, of the was university, primarily government theBacon& Amer years. description and comparative wo-thirds "more Thus, he was to on ,Ewl--Jpe 54 institutions required byState the phra%ology is One respondent certain emphasis the Federal a located. respondents. tt where the (1952, 1957)butdid satisfy from they "now private a Dri_ncipit _Ndwestem promo a American .8 or REQUIREMENTS Two respondents bv rñreme indicated university inthe State university Government emphasis, there upon noted that here the other political comparative a reported that made problems on the "so-called" course to a no one In 2ofthe university in and less that therehad course maximum of ." And the n ernment, politicalixhavior " Government courtAl that reporte4 of political use Government the the American ial science to Americanand that their of significant describing it law. The course isacombinationofAmerican private previously government ofthe noted practical politicians in their change to American answer facing content A privateuniversity had been structure." And tinnelpke matt frequentlynoted is one-third general education FOR latter institutions, governmen Rt their American : science not in New were itresponses. Southeast indica universi the "Not materially the UpperSouth a 9cience courws were functional [data] was raNuiremen course on than previously, society." And the Midwestern Sta dCri& keen on scene." recent changesinthe on was Thus, change queAion courses reported by functional England reported American Govern- no first experienm f comparative -OR'S DEORE reported by American dates ofeh an the change at aprivate changes and theory American Gov- State inwhich *% i no meansuni- a semester and in their now Government approach private uni- mu_riz mcent v in theBut leaf the change same t a [ch and aspects of described a Of are a as many 4 others placing directly app.aca- or none private govern- ,hange univer- contain 1-year science siD on tik large gov- taken siva At mi_ et*. nd to of a a

MInIMPIISIIIIMINNOwinn ll'Srern ir f SOCIAL NICEREQUIREMENTSF R BAK9LORSDEGREES 31 devoton4hirdottheaRL toAmericanthernnkent andtwo- thirdswcomparativegovernm andtheory. AndinI comparative ernmentcourt:theoountries studied hadincreasedfrom 3 to 6. Ataprivate coil in the South thechange had beenfromanequally ntedAmerican43omparativeGovernmentwursetoonedevoting thefirstmmeetertAmerican andcomparativegovernment, and the secondto ationa. relations.AtaMidwesternpnvateum- versityac hadoeenmade !Millemphasisonthe Uni Statim In world affairstift equalemphasisondomesticand foreign policy isu Andataprivate universityin the Eastachange had been madetroma cours onFederal,State, and localgovernment with aconstitutional lawapproachtoone on comparative government,political theory,bøsic politicainstitutionsandprcw_miwti,and administrative law. A change intheAmen( vernmentcour fr.omaeianstitu tionalemphasistopolitical behaviorwasreported byanEastern municipalcollege, whereasinasimilarcourse inaSouthern public institution, "thecitizenshipapproach" hadrecentlycome tobeem- phasize&Andataprivate universityin the East,thewagegives moreemphasisto civil rights and 1e3sto national defense andgov- ernmentand theeconomy." Apublicinstitution in tle Southre- porteti that,beginning in1956, theircourseplaced "increamdemphasis uponconstitutionalrights andnationalsupremacy" A number ofinstitutionsreported changesincourse scope or emphasis which didnot lend themselvesto classification: moretheory and loftstructure;moreprinciples andlessstructure;more onthe nature of politicalscience; andmoreattentionto introduction to government in the AmericanGovernmentcourse.One institution noted thatitscourse onmoderngovernment had just beenintroduced; another thatitscourse onintroductionto governmentwasintroduced n1953,54; andanother thatit had changeditscoursefrom Ameri- anGovernmentto introductionto political science.Oneinstitution noted that thecoursebecamearequirement for alldegrees in1952; and still anotherthat thecourse was to be integrated withsocial science.Three institutionsreported thatthecouriwasannually orconstantly revised. Respondents providednoconclusiveevidence of eitheracredit- hour contractionorexpansion ofthecourse:2 notedanincrease in credit'vaunt, and4adecrease. Five respondentsnotedrecent changesinthe teachingormechanics of thecourse; onestressed outsidereadings andtermpapers; one thata"discussion hour"wasintroducedseveralyears ago; onethat reading emphasishad changedfrom thetextbookto pamphlets,gov- ernmait documents, andpaper-boundbooks; anotherthat emphasis wasbeing placedon casestudies; andstill anotherthat thelecture- ,_ teaching" a in the at campus. "Each instructor," effort ismade dynamics ofthe international student make understand theinteraction tions." with absentee,hallo, District Court, South or directs attention and theirproblems." where these mechanics and actually functions community, offering should be the feature cerning to reported that as The and field may 32 out Rego prey* ment (4) citizenship. has On thesideof free hand At a On theitem Although instructor. to theunusuallysuccessful problem ofgov[enamen]t."AiAnd large private any one Po KcalScience to inspectletterbeforeit a be classifi SOCIAL same reports suchstudentpractices Midwestern some d bei*n. nal was one wor considemd." by Respondents region apply to rcz reported by feature f methods and imam." And public issue a majority of introdUCed. [and] Naturalization They alsowrite use of practicality, to relate ahAractions ofiovernment (2) to "personalobservationand population, study ofhis con* intheEast; of theunusually instruction there came under at CE to theactualapplicationof emts contactIfttderofpartytheir wrote what methodshewishes." private college, good to helpduringweeks the In similarvein, 11Q worse the d "t*ervation notk*, This respondentnowtthat gram roots the h- a a courses to then beforeCongress, teac of suchforces a the comment that dm State university at public institution econmnic shifts,andinterest as KW-NIS is sent.""Astudyofhow Most congressional district a ing, (3) features rrt. to one they did Unusually private universityinthe ,t k- congreannan successful features State Umver8lty an were lkisa7,.. who Proceedings," "helpingstudents level through raTeg as m1F.nhit and from Etudent organizations FOR BACHELOR a of (I) effort ismade"tohaveeach a of local re*--iiings anddiscumion, of observation oftheFederal woman's coil upon emphasize 4featur.which similar inotitution also Successful at of in theWest,"isgiven e cour course are report elections, policies,and government topeople home, pract numerous aommEnits. in theSouth. of homedistrict a "Insistence &Aviv-am governmnt or Taken: similar institution mylimizea actual cases," which theythink ve is "taughtonly on someagency In to observethe repo choic* the instructor their opinions of the DEGREM .111 tne applications government in theEast groups to not single East, on ist inititu- on govern- course in exeept res itiwP4W, good "The 1?ack con- was the the an me

Ir ertini.04.11rwl limoMPIlfrMIIIIINAItimumi.lunm gMagth SCIENCEREQUIRENTSFORBAMMIA1R*8, DEGREES 33

byrn with rable tismch ence" T=J 1- of seniormen ciUSi_1 wasthefeaturemwrte41byalarge privateuniversity in the East Alsoprom amongLea arm-of the*burn edu u 1Y SUCTAMIldwe arrangementsfor madinganddiscussion.Ata Southern public institution,fornthnce. the"coursesucceedsinget- tIflkstudentsto faxe and discuss fundamentalissues."Atasimila- ution inthe W,there is "widespreaduof governmentcases for applicationof princip A private university in the South ported "encouragrinentof outside reading throughcirculation of printed book reviews,"and also theuseof slides."Studentssaythey vatue most the opportunity fordiscussion,"wrcAeaprivate oollege in theSouth."Faculty feelsthecourseisanintroductionto reflective thiiing and discussionof public (petitions andanopportunity to teachsomethingabout inaitutionatrelationships and theory." A

public oollegemthe East_ felt the course'smost successful featurewas "stimulation of discussionthrough small sections (20-M)." Attwo tateuniversities im the East,attentionwascalled to theusein the courseofnewspapers--atone,the_useofaSunday edition, and at the .er,theuseof tJirlarge dailies. While promotion of goodcitizenshipwasimplied inmanyof the responses,some were moreexplicit than others.A State university mthe Westreportedthaithecourse"gives [a] basic understanding of democracy."One Southern publicinstitution noted thecourse's "presentation of materialrelating to civilrights";and another called attentionto the course's "production ofmorepurpose-minded students whoarebetter informedandmoredeterminedto become activepar ticipants in the solutionof prob[lemjs thatmayconfront themas itizens and futurevoters..." :Andaprivate institution in the East reported thecourse semph "on ethical principles underlying agood political order." A privateuniversity in theEast reported thatthe "courseas awhole hasproven successful"; and substantiallythesameevaluationwas giventhecourseat 2aiI.euniversities,onein the East, theother in the Midwest.A Stateco .1, in the,Midwest said ofthecourse: "AboutSlawsagothe State enactedastatute requiring allpersons topass a testonthe U. S.Constitution, the Constitutionof the State of...and theproperdisplay of the flagbefore obtaininga cer- tificateto teach.Thiscoursesatisfies thatrequirement." Became5 differentpersms weretiaching it,marespondent felt he could1, eterminethe course'smost successful feature;and 8 respondents t that thecoursehadnosuch feature. can local.; and the course much time respondent general, and views large for group methods."An lated an ported these cal college State and shall time 'impossible' cates thatthey gov[ernmen]t have credit-hours tions, too much we areattempting motivation tions, (3) Regarded The as mg todowith 34 t&nt had to the wift.knewi% ant An The The Among Respondents to the Eastern liberal course's Governmmt motivation course Political not yethail con inueto to equipthem spoken equal _r SOCIAL were cour for the to sectionand as university in or second had "no effect Iargt that the "outstanding" to this. discussion 3.8 2 wondered the "too in the observed unsa to have was number of by to theFederal and as takes semester hours. 2 feltthat content; im allotted for the the cours Science largrtvit in the group of Respondents factors." wore FW7,1441-.-'ecl large for approximate class ENCE attempteti eU outltanding expenment with _ course 1j shortag South enough For a ininm the the impetibie---to sessions." arts es any, little the Weft that the adequately t MIWE group A Lions clam period of the was loo group respondents cour however, there In REQUT instance, if itmight 1-0 weaknesses. it FAtstern private t noted that with collage with more o come adequate 72 was were an opleal UPS* size_ Government in txrieiic _ what itreported plaints institutions, nAd course's "level (14) of o of as weakness," and the form opportunity one ongeneralpolitical One ofthe reported, too detailed too little time Most Iarg one 2 respondents for theirrole mad ume, (9 m WerArmsftts i no An Eastern 11 course content,teaching average not bebetter content, (14) (5) responses "classes discussion." or thew particular short to weatm- (21) One succ Frequently and vaxied coraments last** another the was introduce them 49 accomplish, unsafts th exprm3ed ) and R Territorial time. although university (.1 institution the for all to large ; considerable (4) of 40-45 aim rn[LerJ of abstraction ntereii 1 feltthat indicate of MAO that "for too little m*. oours felt the as private &dory Ter various to replace differences features size or as Examination And far in dimatisfaction citizens. Taken: responding received, we txniment on classes ctt to its makeup." institutions Res are toolargefor unjversitie and to too large"; wrote any out&--.6.11 reported t) f cIa course to least a have *ix th_ it devoted uthvexsity olxierved science. most students to Stateand State they DEG o variation the at the g the kmeri techniques, . _ is were in them no clisimen Since the been, 8 that the e-zies re- -a study perhaps was was of ins studen techni- e of impor- or w1.47- that it allot- Rune with lewd indi "too One that may it. and that and too too AV rs !,4,e em in of A

. /1111111111 1.1 i niu ti71 III 'L1111111115 11 n SOCIAL EN,EREVIREMENISFOR ACMW DEOR 35 sohiAt! while5 otherswareof the opiniontt theircoursesplaced too mucth stoutvon.rtureannot enoughoniidiaa.Another be-, lievei atilt filo nur51:-_1 uldbemorefun Theproblemof m9in student tion;=n,background is probablymost -relilt in evar-vso 4211y ifthese oou arerequired.Forinstance,aSouthernrrato university reported thene.kellof"stimulus"of udenks TO theytake the eoufx"toco pally because it is ui Itwasnoted that approximately filtit are.requiredtoaccomplishths end.A State 5 -collegeonLike Coast reportai t the Or_a a"low level warmdueto inadequate tjs,u. s.al irf r-A knitaMid- rnprivate universitycalisiattention Aithee=4) 'q,çof tral attractivea tomoatstudents."Aworn college in the East ouldpreferaseparate nfofreshmen."

Fourinstitutions,2 of them offeringTv introductionto government cow-cm,and 2 offering nmiGovernment,felt thattartatnials wereussatisfacto- As tiot,introductionto vernmentcourse. one res said therewas"-xo `tabletext available"; and the CI

er ref:ruuhis ciltisar onVT1 vresen , e_x't and noted that "thereareon afewin the field."As for canGovern men!, one viewwasthat"manytext aretoo oi on[edr; and anotherwasthat'te:_x in t field "tatito15*toolo toallow theamounof timeIrlibrary rkw wewoula etosee devotedtOIL" An of othervg e&4-es ere a.L. stet Two private uni- VNIthmthe Eastcomplainedtthe "mechanical testing" and the urelian onobjective examinationsowingto large numbers." A Sohern privateuntversity reported that thecoursehad "insufficient vial aids"and that therewas"insufficient time for field activities"; andaMidw&aternprivate miler reportedthat students in thebourse had "-notenough opportunityfor participation in political life." A Stateuniverty in theWestcomplainedat the imperfect continuity eemthe work of thefirst and secondsemesters, andaMidwestern irate university noted the difficillin theircourseof integrating political sciencewithe.c-nomia3and sociology. AMidwern Stateuniversity reported thaLitwas"notentirely FAqfiefiwith [a] straightlecture ovum"; andalargeprivatm college in eEast felt tttattoo much latitudewasallowed the mstructors inthecourse.The wmetimes-rnaligneduseof graduate studentsas instructorswas putinadifferent light byaState university in the

=1. * Southeast"Weakn s= P - ofcourse,it kas,"wrote this respondent of thecourse,"but I donot know ofonewhich I would call 'outstand- hlg.'The inevitablerotationorturnover in instructional personel wheregradruate]stud[ent] instructorsareusedmaybeaweakness, butI feelsurethis ismorethan offset by thefreshnessascompared Political education committee candidates, 24 of interdisciplinary supplifti data provides allthein.r-twt_ion philosophy de =logy depari under other no One, part 36 toward which tea& for academicMimi's, wIui science division owarsar: Education and 5requireit 33174 pmwmt In 12of42responding In 6: Of 58oft=he of theinstruction SOE the the Science t&idertcy eIementar off arrank----raw.nts itutions, geners.1education ; on wanta acting and po req I in 29, itstitutions, the the X7=E RE-QUIREMEN- kn from meal wien " Fen ; in :Audits, the an 59 of v item, 17require hiteg ap 4, = it mann by in those the so tors. I from ^ of fro these' also in in U. -ile )90 general ntly, thedirected too 44 t percent, told = may loy wows; 1 MALT Social course itimi nnal to'gostale' _ The 1 education de the prident :N 0- na 60 percent. fount. college, MR A(flELOft8 than 1 e °pumaO. uently." is in itt,it One institution .litiJ le-me* r -_, r eia1 integrated stlei&I rffl1§, 1;f 4,4 include thedepartment . percent to . le And ijL , wienc* 47 In 1 r all movi .rtmen General if called 7 11, . Tim p * 1111=lk. oioQv and institution, DEGREES prov'd a , utits the trO the general firm the 9060 or-dnrt.: in 7,and 1 Deromf u anto . res It C., *dait it of 5 to r-- the efki no it

tromenummoserroote alt11.141:;unialt qf trimommegommoomm IflthssthIdthfflNm Chapter6

-4 SOCIOLOGY

ROM the319 rt_s- in the aisciencesurvey, 215re- F tit.vm tothe sociologyquestionnairewerereceived(taiga 1). Ofthis number,1R5 reportedaI-Ache social sciencerequire.- mentwardw fulfillmentsociologymightcount. The185repr.- sent 8a..1perosnt of thebn1 iistitaitionsthat frrd -r-gs &weal,in aociotcxin1g56.Thereare,ofrourg*,niwnyiriai tutionsthatslonotof a,major inkkacioi tit whiciiofferone or more ma m ain the81e400

TheSociology uneWhichStudentsMostFrequentlyTake TowardSatisfyingaBothelorDegre.Social Sci Requirenton. '4)

--a=r1yone-halfof the185 twitsthat reporteda eior- degree iiSV1P requirementtoward thefulfillmentofwhich comes in sociologyught betaken,indicat that this -ru1r*,rne4nt ppliodto all bachelor'sdegreesconferredby thtmNearlyseven- imths ofrepprtinginstitutions havetherequirem_exit forall their A. B deyrcii and slightlyoverone-half haveitfor all theirBS. 0:7 e Amonginstitutionsreporting degreedtin the4 professional areas covereti bythequestionnaire,the soci scions*requirement 11 applie-ilto all bachelor'sdegrees inengineeringtnslightlyless than

IDarned Dirwees Conferred byBlgbrrMust-tonalinstidons 1955. D.C., ti8: Washtngton. GovernmentPrinting O.1957.P. 14- ' am H.limnftly amidRuby I L Kennedy.Sociology la Rello1eg4oel Anterkitn Colleges.Affkatiosit Rvew, vet.7p11111-4175 Bans LZetterberg United (sater).goeUk-47 inthe Btte ofkmerlat A TrendReport UNDS('O,Parts, Fra_nee.1968)

87 toward meking This of exceptions caliy coveredbythe dents generally,it social half ofreportinginstitutions, estimated that,for50lcg_) 38 ology isthe nohir, andoccupational edui_ bachelor which sociology more requirement the sophomore medal science a fifths of in thesubjectnearlyfourfifthsof average taught exclusively in portionate numberoflarge institutions nit4.7:11g to ovex in to and applied tovirtually But whetherthe fifths one-third; toallbachelor'sdegrees clOtillinarOS apply toallA. (table 8) (table (table 6) 0`,41---t-eksz. in required To the In nearlynine-tenths In nearly5-5permitof In 150of174institutions, In nearly71percent of 182 rectourths In sociology wouldalso all RS.degmeseweptintuioiov,mathematicA, all B.S. to ; of studentsenrolledindi average w-o- CXM 7).. to all or ience of 202students,with s re p0 ; querv ; all bachelor'sdegreesin utions vk except and innearly dettre or a plant patholou;toall r it degrees course in SCIENCE given C- indt rti recommended reluiranent for averages (table 2). enmilment isunusually highbecameofthedispro were marl, year might B. wh sicwia4 cmur: and iI RS. re degrees that none, a it*---4 a) in arid inabout30Fermatthefreshman d u=t7.k_ A__WF:tir-V1 tk) groups er coun tJ- be ,xtezsiv .tutions, wheir,-- the requirementdid 3.5 semesterhours education. in science is all b&CiteJO of therapy. rt Bev fen there the fo general ja.x.w.NTs except nstitutions, the Azhftiv degree*. ntroductory st)-ciol prvxcluisite elite were respondents egi-t-vs In there it rct ofth last table9 zn of not bachelor's clb.t.,.-t,-T.,:bytaking was tenths of might a range ll req thMin education reporting institutions, the as °aural thooP2 a t.hcit wero (table 3). _ tirsv in m for :t*celors social e (X) to more mc=S c mong irLM CI; institutions (table3) apply Ftgr,oulturv IrLStlt ifltS engineering, frequently in thesamyle. 11 85 percent Ifv,'4 in music ifl of from7to937(table 4) would for all R BACHELOR'S &Its ez-t mat& it t than 2540 students (table ex-v tht**---1 course but little of credit;andenrolls --w't1v0 not is studgnt-E ienc iturualtini to some. s tid Actually, in for _with , zn in educationnearly ing egrri comp apply or of Ande that the m or rek-quimmeii thaw in take inflat in deginces not or some is wildlytakenin rpon :744 int-LA or institutions it introductory the, 90percent agricultural however, theIi home eoanomicB; a leor's applied, more this first to in businem Thus, itmight little or ve medical (-AA not other all bachelor's it for EciRL-Es -requirement max in in over SC)C MUM nest Ian For a grou degr slight!, er Among muses toward tillb)017 aptkciti- ut sewn ml 7.1' engi- trig: 1447 two-- year two- one- ring tan- it is .was stu- WA% the ==-4A = an Iit or iS

outIVEMINCM111112211 XIIIIMIIIIIYMIIIMnammau SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFOX FIACITETAIR'S r 39

fe: 7141tIri ). InI. 1_ ktn three-four-ail;of institutions,thecourseis tiv-ht vbitionnimanybv staffmembersofLle 3 UA esoriaI: (table 10).In _ two-Jiirds of17t3 reporting U t 1 ti the tmsicpattern w-T.' thecourt*is determine43either bv theindividual 1 instructororbyadep&rtment&1committee(table11).

The t cours9 Most toetrai;Taken:Scope,E ariaRecen seri

Asnoted,in nearly -n of institutions,iritrodlictor-vi)c_ioi- oryis the sociologycourt;ix -tfrciuv_ittly taken byqudentg rti satis yirgahfflathelor--degmesocial :-,-;-ienc-re .p-nt Iltot%ti re-

_ A !.-zporkii as to orotherem in 1 t show variationtritm on.inAitution. pot indi- atf-41 merrht eral ch of thecourse ornO thatthe scopeand emphasisph eride with thecontentsofa r1darAi -)ok ers went into greaterdetail.Unless otherwiseric4ed. the disx71 that followsasto do with theantrii r4=-1 ; FmaNew EnglandStateunivemitycanthe porl_SethatLIe coume wasageneralifltrGdilctIonwithLien onwientitieap- proach,problems,andprinc p rothanEasternprivatetini- versifycame aTWpOrLindicating akis onArnerh-AninAitutions_ A riU Stateuniversityreporteda"strong socialanthropology emphasis"; whereasaStati universityon t _ Coast reported that theiremphasiswas "on basic know1e4igeen problerm5." A M id A wmtern privatt univem rted "emphasisontheory and ---arch"Inasomewhat similarveinanEastern privateuniveritv 3E reporteda eore.lti-A1introductionand application ofconcepts." Acasebook emphasiswasreported byaNfiti*estprn Stateun vex- sity, whereaepartmentally-con,ruef-Ai casebookwas11-*-41tosupple- melit theteat, and byanEastern privateuniversit, In the latter institution,theeoursof number4frequency isonsocial problems. In theintroductorymum° ataMidwesternprivate university, the emphasisison mamporary widely and socialience behavior"; ndataprivate liberalarts mllegv in thesameregion, emphasisin Le courseisonth American"middle daminterms of functioning." The mainpurpcof the institutionwasreflected ina reportfrom anEastern technicalinstitute thatemphasis inthe introductory courseincluded the"impact of technologyonsociety."Likewise,at aState teacherscollege in thesameregion, emphasisin thecourseis directed towardvalues for laterteachingpurposes. In several institutionsthecourseemphasizesAmericansocietyoris exclusivelydevotedto that mbject,InanEastern Stateuniversity where thecourseof number-1frequency isonthe Sociologyof Ameri- canLife, theapproach is "bymeansof the wellaccepted sociological 40 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSroRBACHELOR'SDEGRIIIS concepts--(1escriptive andanalytical." Tworivateinstitutionsin the East offeredasimilarcoursebut stmsed contemporaryAmerican lifeorAmerican society since1900.In theintroductory course, an Anierican life emphasis wasreported byaSouthwesternState college, and by each of twoState teacherscollegeslocated inthe East and Midwest, rpectively. 1Someinstitutions reporteda course onSocial Problemsasthe course of number-1 frequency.Thus,aWestern Stateuniversity noted that emphasis in 1.courseof this typewas on"analysis of major social and personalityproblems basedonsocial disorganiza- tion approach." The emphasis becomesmorepersonal anddirect incourses onoourt- ship and mastageormarriage andfamily.TI* emphuisin sucha 'course ataSouthern land-grant collegeis "functionalpreparation for marriage." AndataSouthern privatecollege, the "courseiscon- cerned with thepractical humanproblem of growing upinafamily, courting and gettingmarried," and with"makingasucCessfulmar- riage and building andiarninisteringahome." Other emphasis inthe introductorycourseincludedsocieties around the world, and contrastsof rural andurban society.In,oneinstitu- t4oi thecourseof number-1frequency isonWestern antEastern cultures. If thescopesoemphasis Qf thecourseof number-1 frequencyhad been altered inanysignificantwayin recentyears,respondentswere requested toindicate the approximate date andthe natureof the change. Wothis request, therewere48responses,19,or39.6 percent, of whichindicated that there had beennoiecent change of significance; somespecified thatnochange had beenmade xluringthe past 4-5or10years.Of the remtaining 29institutions, 14indicated changes in the course'sscope oremphasis,motit of them during the period 1952-57.Among the changeswere: moreemphasis than previouslyonthe cross-cultural approach;change frombiological emphasistoemphasisonsociological concepts; changefrom recitation procedures in thecoursetoanalysis and discussion;change from the problem approach to analysis; theadoption ofaneasier text; and moreemphasisonurban society. Two additionalinstitutioris noted that changes had bew madein 1958 and 1954, but did notindicate what these changes had been. Among the remaining 18!Pawnees werestatements thatthecourse wasconstantly being &Milledorthat revisionswerecurrently being studied, thatmoreemphuiswasbeing placedonprinciples and lege Onsocial problems; and thatmorsattentionwasbeing given to t. original work. SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTS FORBACHELOR'S DEGREES 41 The SociologyCourse MostFrequently Taken:Features Rego by RespondentsasUnusually Successful

Respondentswereinvitedto describe brieflyanyfeatures of the -course which they feltwereunusually sucet-ful.Whileresponses to this request,wereinnoinstance identical,the majority of them, 68 of 91,or74.7percent, fitted into certain largegroupings.These groupingsare(a) teachingsociologyas ascientific discipline;(b) the course'sptactical applications;(c)effective teachiAgin the course;(d) goodclamorpanel discussions;(e) use of field trips and audiovisual aids;(f) successful.readingarrangements; and (g) gadent interest.The remaining23responses, or25.3percent,were `*inot,sutioeptibletoasingle claNification.Theyarediscussed in the last wagraph ofthis section. With referenceto sociologyas aocientific discipline,a response froma'NewEnglandState universitynotes that the emphasis in the introductorycourse"on thescientificapproochto social behavior," isanunusually successfulfeattire.In similar vein,aland-grant oollege in the Wee,reports that "emphasisonobjectivity in dealing with socialfactors" is "formanystudents..#completelynewand quiteanawakening." A MidwesternState universitynotes theusein the introductory wars°of "cases, basedoninterpersonal and conftnunityproblems." Thecaseliethodapproachwasaltoreported by 4 otherinstitutions. A Midwesternprivate universityfinds unusuallysuctkessful in the introductorycourse"specialproject: incomparative cultures and their valuesystems."Another Miwestern private universityre- portsas asuccessful feature, :4 sulating student'scomprehension of changesgoingoninoarsociety, his relatio ip to his fellowmen," and "anundentandingof culturaldifferen and deemphasizing racial andethnic differences." The applicationof sociologicalprinciplestolifeexperienceswas likewiseregarded byasizablegroupof respondinTi-asanunusually ,successful featureof thecourse.ThusanEastern privateuniversity regards "teacilingunderstandableconcepts that studentscanretain andusethroughout life,"assuchafeature; andaprivate university 'in theMountain States plaiiesasimilar estimateupon"analysis of human behaviorwhich will help studitintsto adjust to society."A Southgn woman'soollegenotes that "conceptsarerelatedto student everyday livinexperience."The "discussionof hometown culture, social clawsystem, etc.,"wasregardedas asuccessful featureof the coursebyanEastern coeducationalcollege. Formanyrespo*ndants,.the unusuallysubcessfull.features ofthe courseconsisted of good tpachiigand effectiveuseofcoursematerials. Fft instance,aSow I',Stat.' universityreported:"weare happyto 4kiN, 42 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTS FOR BACEEELOR'SDEGREES

1 have brokenthe lecture-quiz=star systemto put all instruction in the hands ofPh. D. levelfaculty."Suggestive ofasimilar situation wasthereport ofaWestern rivals universitythat, "accordingto student evaluations,the 4 lectures each weekarethemost, successful partincontrast to textbookorsection meetings."An pasternco- educationalcollegereports the "broad knowledge ofinstructor";and aprivate universityin the Southnotes that thecourseis "taught al: together" byassistant, associate,and full professors. Arrangements foireadings-wereregarded byseveral respondents as verysuccessful features ofthecourse.In this connection,aMid- western State universitynotes that thecourse uses"no standard text," but relies"entirelyuponmonographsand readings."A woman'scollege in theEast employsaseries of studies insociology "and completemonographs in placeof textbook." Visual aidsand field trips alsowerereportedassuccessful features of thecourse.A large EasternState universityreported:"We find the closed circuitTVveryhelpful." A Southernprivate university reported, withoutelaboration, "fieldtrips, visualaids." Aprivate college in theWest also reported"field tripsaswellas useof outside speakers and movies."

Class discussionand good studentinterest alsowere st I A large Easternuniversity reported"use of discussionsNtions" and added that attentionis givento research"how sociologyis built" Another privateuniversity inthe Eastreported "discussionsofgroups of less than20 students."Stillathird privateinstitution in thesame area notonly emphasizesdiscussion insmallgroupsbut also thatterm papersarerequired, insome casesinvolvingcollectionof primarydata. As for studentmotivation, perhapssomethingapproximatingthe f4 ideal isreported byaMidwestern privateuniversity:"studentsape veryinterestedin thecourse.This basiccourse attractsmanystu- dentsto major in it."Andaprivate collegein thesame area notes that thecourse"is attractiveenoughtto enroll 75'percent of fresh- manclass inanyyearand isnotrequiredcourse."A SouthernState university mentionsthe "readiness ofstudentsto respondto assigned readings and recitations." As already noted,responsessuchastheonesconsideredupto this point constitutedabout three-fourthsof thetotal.Remainingre- sponsesreported thesuccessof thecoursein dealingwithcourtship, engagement, and marriage, andin emphasizingrecent socialtrends; they also made observationsOnthesuccessof thecoursein relating the abstractto the concrete, integratingdisciplines,chanenggroup attitudes, andso on.One respondentnoted that"lecturesareentirely independentoftextas most texts are *ritten by urbanauthors lacking backgroundand appreciationfor rural life,inmyopinion."On the other hand,arespondentinaSouthernland-grantcollege notedthat SOCIAL SCIENCE 1 REQUIREMENTSFORBACHELOR'SDEGREES 43 thecourseis the onlyone"inwhichstudentsin theschool ofagricul- tureareexposedto the humanside ofagriculture." Two institutionsfoundno unusually successfulfeatures inthe to report, and course onenotedthat-therewas"noway ofjudging"its features.

OP° The SociologyCourseMostFrequentlyTaken:FeaturesRegarded by RespondentsasWeaknesses

Questionnairerecipientswere requestedto describeany outstanding weaknessesthe courseof number-1frequencymighthave.Thisre- quest elicited 100responses from 90institutions.In 10instancesre- sponsesrelatedtomorethanoneweakness. Of the100responses, 79 had to do withthefollowing : (a) complaints classesorsectionsare too large; (b)textbooksare unsatisfactory (c) teachersare ; inadequateorfailto coordinatetheirwork;(d)stu- dentsare inexperienced, unprepared,orbadlymotivated;(e) time allottedthecourseisinsufficient;(f)toomany student are grade-levels representedin thesamecourse;(g)physicalandteaching for the facilities course are lackingor are unsuitable;and (h)thecourseistoo general. 44' The weaknessthatwas-mentionedmostfrequently-19times-- wasthat classesorsectionsare too large.Thisparticularcomplaint came principally frominstitutionsof largeenrollments. Thesecond most frequentlyreported -.mentioned14 timeswasthattextbookswere unsatisfactory.AnEasternState universityreportedthat"no suitable.text hasbeenavailable"for its American Liff5course;andaMidwesternStateuniversitycommented, upon the"necessity ofdependingupon textbooks whichare weak, often usually over-written,and seldomof muchintrinsicmerit."A Midwestern liberalarts collegealludedto the difficultyofekeepingthe course"on an introductory level"and"avoidingthetendencytouse research projectswhichhavenomeaningforbeginners.Thetrend intextsseems to be the-reportingofprojectswhichmakestheteaching moredifficult." A Westernliberalarts collegeresponse containedthe discouragingnote that"onlypoor textsareavailable."A ',indent atanEastern State teacherscollegewasofopinionthe"coursewould bemorethought provokingiftextbookswere eliminatedandselected books andreadings substituted." As previouslynoted inthis study,thesociologycourse of number-1 frequency istaughtpredominantlybyassistant,associate,and full professors, , and goodteachingin thecourse wasjeportedbyseveral respondents." Nevertheless,thereweresomesharpcriticismsleveledat thewaythecourse wastaught incertaininstitutions.Forinstance, 44.tiocIALSCIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BACHELOR'SMRS= aMidwestern State university reported the "problem of coordinating written materials, lectures, and discussion sections headed by graduate assistants." Moreover, the problem of professorial specialization causedconcern tosomerespondents. A private university in the East noted that thecourse"needs standardizing within departmentto preventin- dividual instructors teaching specialized versions." A Southern State university commented that the "biggest problem isto get staff to think of basic instructionasprime bread and butter function." The ."danger is," this institution continued, "thatinstructors will consider itas aload filler around specialty courses."Itwasob- served, too, byaMidwestern land-grant college that therewas"too much emphasison'proving' sociology isascience bysomeinstructors, atexpenseof teachingconcepts for sociologyperse." Some reported weaknesses of thecourserelatedto the students enrolled in it A Westerh land-grant college notedthata1-quarter courseand sections ofmorethan 60 students "result in their viewing itassomethingtobegotten through and then forgotten." Anda Southern private universityreported that students it thecourse"will not read unless threatened with exam." A Southernprivate college commentedonthe difficulty of relatingthecourse content"to the undergraduate's experience., whichis usually narrow,"andonthe danger that thecourse"may degenerate intoaseries of socialgen- eralizations, divorced fromconcrete supporting data." A private university in the East noted that"the students donot haveanade- quatecommand of minimum sociologicalconcepts." Insomeinstitutions, theenrollment in thecourseof students of different levels of preparationhas createdaproblem.Thus, in the courseofferedatanEastern State university,there isa"mixing [of] freshmen andupperclassmen from5 different schools." AtaMid- western State university, thecoursesectionsare"too heterogeneous interms of student background."AtanEastern privateuniversity, "the difficultyof generalizing forstudentsnot planningto major in field, and of beinginclusive enough forthose doing advanc[ed] work,"waspointedoutas aweakness in thecourse. As poted in thisstudy, the sociologycourseof number4frequency averages8.5 semester tkours.Eight repondentsspecificallyreported the lack of timeas aweakness of thecourse,and additionalrespond- ents impliedsomuch. As observedin the preceding4 chapters, this complaintwasalso reported by chairmenof anthropology,ceramics, history, andpolitical sciencedepartments. In view ofthe foregoingdiscussionit is perhapsnot surprising that6 respondentscomplained thatthecourse was too general, and thatanadditionalrespondent lamentedthat itwas toolargelyatext- bookcourse.A SouthwesternStag universityreported that the SOCIAL SCUM'S REQUIREMENTSFORBACHELOR'13=GRIM 45 coursenot only "lacksunity" butalso"penetration."A private university in theMidwestofferinga courseonsocial problem?,family relationships, andpersonal andsocialperspectives,finds it"toovague andill-definedwatered-downversionsofstandardsociology offerings." Therewerecomplaints,too, that libraryand physicalfacilitiesleft much to be desired,and thatvisual aidswerelacking. AMidwestern State university, whilereportingfavorablyonother featuresof the course,noted the "difficultyin gettingroomssuitableforcasediscus- sion" and that forthe "past9 years"teachinghas been"ina'tem- porary'armybarracks." Aprivateuniversityin theMidwestre- ported "insufficientuseof visualaids";andaSouthernStateuni- versity noted the lack of "laboratoryfacilities."Four institutions, noted the difficulty of offeringfield trips. Therewerenonrecurringreports ofcourse weaknesses,suchas failuretouseavailable visualaids; thelecturemethod ofteaching; unevenreadings;too much emphasisontheory;and insufficientstress onsociological principles.Of thetotal100responses, however,6 indicated thatthecoursehadnowealm;-=,: and 2additionalre- sponsesemphasized thesatisfactorycharacterof thecourseas now offered. Readoneof the latter(fromaMidwesternprivatecollege): "We don't claimto have arrivedatouroptimum,butwedo feelthat wehaveanexcellenttext, alert students,and [a]stimulatingteaching situation."

;

Sociology in IntegratedSocial ScienceorGeneralEducation Courses

Integrated spcialscienceorgeneraleducationcourses were reported by 78institutions.Of68 of theseinstitutions,2 indicated thatno bachelor-degreecandidatestook thecourses tosatisfyanomnajor requirementfor graduation;27 estimatedthat from1 to 40percent of suchcandidates tookthecoursesfor thispurpose; and 29 estimated that from50 to 100percent didso.In the lattergroupof estimates therewere16 of 100percent. For curricularadministrativepurposes,thecourses arein the social sciencedivision in82 institutions,in thesociologydepartment in 9, andin otherdepartments,divisions,orcommittees in29. Amongthese,weredepartments,divisions,orcommittees forgeneral educationorgeneral studies(5), social sciencedepartments (3),in- terdisciplinarystudiesorinterdepartmentalcommitteeordepart- ment (8), and otherssuchasthe basic college,history department, politicaloakumdepartment, andgoon. 46 by thesociologystaff. were that was Of 52 supplied bythesociologystaff,and SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFORBACHELOR%DEGREES 54400 5 responses responses, pereRnt wasso indicating 14 indicatedthat a supplied. 100 percent instructionalcontribution no a 25 that140percentand13 Of thelatter instruction inthe group., courses there

111111hilmwill11111411101111111MIliumui a

AppendixA 11.7..

COVER LETT ANDQUESTIONNAIREEMPOYED

With the followingexceptionscover lettersand en of economies, qutIonn&jres sent to chair- history,polltkaiseiebee,and sociologydigartments identicalwith theanthropology were questionalrereproducedon pagea 4D-45.4. 1.Wherevertheword"anthropology" appeared,the words"economicA""history,""politicalscience,"or "sociology"were substituted. 2.In item II,the followingwordingwas used inquesttonziair theone for anthrapology es other than

Hoku,.4 i 4.Introductory;b.Economictheory finance;d.Agricultural ;c.Money,banking,and evonmnies;e.Laboreconomics;f.Industry pcoinic;g.Other(pleasespKify). History.a.American history;b.Worldhistoryor civilization; e.Ancient ory;ci.Medleval history; e.ModernEuropeanhistory;f.English history;g.Latin#Anwrican history;h.Asiatichistory;I.Other sPeeifY). (please PoUflc Reiene49s.Introductimto Political b.American Scienceand/or Government; Government; C.ComparativeGovernment;d.Internatioluti Lawe.InternatimalRelations;f.Political g.-----Coenstitutimal PartleAand PublicOpinion; Law; hPolItitheory;LPublicAdministration i.----Otbar(pleaseIVeeify). logya.---Introductory;b.-141storte41 or theoretical;c.--Socialpsychol- ogy (1RuralSociology Urbansociology;g.- Criminology; elme sweify). h.Other

47 Inc lemmas be muchappreciated. enclosed forthis all respondents. return themto college social files. oollep as to learnedsocieties degre camdidates believe itwillaccomplish ciences amounts andkindsofsocialscienceinstruction studios of these chains= Tot include departmentsof graduating students one humanities, andthenaturalsciences, of the4-yearcollegedegree into collegeanduniversity imosa; (3)improve to theemphasisinrequired of theunknownfactorswhich 48 'we A Please beassured Far this The extent ocial of bachelor'sdegreerequirements. copy ofthefindingsresultingfromstudlywillbesupplied courses. occupy trust n HEALTH, EDUCATION.AND-WELFARE us science teachersregard scientists tftent that in thecollegecurriculum, reason by January9, We believethefindingswillalsobeuseful purpose. are to whic may you maybeabletocompletetheseformeand concerned withthesocial rtr current knowledgeoftheplacethatsocial receiving; anthropology t-t DEPARTMENT CW Graduate Education(Social Seleness we are have receivedinstructioninthesocial that gaara14, 164 the education in t The duplicatesetoffoimeis NG T programs forbaccalaureatedegrees F your ialiet forLiberalArta and following social science EDUCATION inaugurating thefirstin _ 1957. S 3SW-ft' _ Jennings B.Sanders prevent f.--Eva (2) Z. D..C. ooperation inthis and othersocialsciences, to collegeadministrators show theextenttowhich irrespective ofmajor, e A postagealreeenvelopeis as s 111 the socialsciences, purposes: a the strengthsandweaknesses yours, and (4) at1sfactcy understamth This initialstudywill ()curies sciences. that bachelor's suPply (1) and project indicate the a far as to information series of enters th* yamir non- to and tU what and is ws

111111111111111111111111111ENWMItiiiimmirtigurn nye ISMlb64 BudgetBureauo5105615 'Ot alelm 7 U5DZPARTOF pEDUCATION,A1 EiILRI OfficeofIduoetion washimgton 25 N.C-4,

on."110 SURVITOFSOCIAL SCISICKmil _4 oN.- 'ACH4LORSDLAREM.ANDACLIVIXM.:

7- -..37e', .nts infar.IcoPurcliedby

Li OD MEMO_ I

IT ISMELIVED THATPIMINSTITUTIONSCW BUM ASOCIALSCIENCE memo"HAIM MORDENT?CRBACERICRI 5 DUMBmacs MATSATISFY,INWHOMCa A SMUT? INPART,BYTAKINGOMCR NIME ULTES Tiff9311TVER WI AlITHROPOLOM Awl: =mum'HASIDSUMREQUIREMENTrat ictsDECRUSMASIMICKWERE ( TO US )1110RETURNMISram

Inthecase of institutionscomprisedofoneor sore sr eantievlocatedon different branches the campuses indifferentcommunities, gpeetionnaireis intendedto apply its addressd,. tray tothebranchto Which Respectingthesubjectofthis oranchesasy have inquiry,other differentrequirementsand thenim in,ease. situations;disregard -1

Ifourinstitution isa liberalartsor other P i 00114e nota or .an rr. 4 a sat _ . - at _ 0 I ri17i. as _ Pirrr"1.71.± . I - p ,. rr 0E711.cos No t oE,,- 7rzoa on . _. s Z on"

Ahtinotamm tention torequestinfarmatimthat availableincollege is manly anduniversitycatalogs. in thisform I. If ainyquestion answeredfullyinyour institution's catalog,and current theanswer thereinI. letter up-to-date,pleasewritethe ,,PC40 inthespace providedfor andthen an answerto that%motions proceedto thenextquestion.

49 ,* ooU . The If Le. 60 a A 3. Please etat 2. 1 It. ). 2. 10 Piers. statewhe I - institution on dose notapply: pleas* Questions rhoit-08)? Fur allB.S.degrees(otherthan Eat &Rail Far For allbachelor is *TimeignoreQuestions ad onsommamium, For For Rot answer is not fripirt please listR-q. Tor allbachelorrsdegrees? is *Yes,*ignorequestions -MD lease List1. a soo all A.B.degrees? all all. &ay other 9W-44 mot 's indicate B05074agreesG'whichthe list L.B . B.S. A.B. st 111 to whichtherequirement tailirmosooLlmolsiii ttMr thu dersomisoerimmonsimmmalmrournmosimiim=immlumplapimwrlbsp 'Tea,' *moista ofseveralde vommiminimplagesmolorramouremomploirolommimmil degrees? . Axe bachelor's Tv= grees? please this 11 as*s green alga one armars grows? 1limmonrornmormgliMomm11mull10 led--to villa requireatast is requirement is Tea; list Yes; degrees? Issi Tom; for - Aellirr X 16724. A":3- ur-Ma Ala No. Yes; groes Tee ono No. those mentionedbelow No. 3r the requirementdoes the the requirementdom * If 111.31 minw Yes) othai-Man If If dam If _No. If answer is 2- requirement *00 answer answer is amour I requirement JIMI If ---e_ Ne- -"""WMMIIMINIEEMBEIONNMINF answer a wascols .1 answer is la Pilo A.B. "Noso ; If w-Vo dose -W0 or in

1111litlotlwou011111111111111ill1111111[IiNiiwiliuluilluniwiliiitimuixi.... 4. TorallB.S.t6;greee inthe department,obool,or *slit ofAgriculture Yes; r0 Ifanswer is * pleaseindicatinigrees razIUwhichtat- requirementdosenotapply warft.agekagg=agyi

5. rerall B.S.degreesiuftdepartment, college school,or ofNe,44' 14-"4 and Commerce? answer Z* NoeIf iskose ittselistdegrees whia-the requirement -4%ste neta

eillIMMINEnnw

6. r ForallBis S.; inthe -4 college ti1444 tar ofIdtlaeoticts? 17*. No. I wNotftplea,e If711_:riir 1i;de grriretoAlatherequirstsnmt S tatapp_yt

-----...MINIIImomumminiumminnimmew

FLOCAllB.S.degreesin Engineering/ answer is Toe; No. VORWA010G&Slist Aegvoa7owharthe doesnotapply: imminiammil="1111111111111101W

J Pm.anlyotherB.S.degrees? Yes; No. If artintrw. it*Tee please additi6Ra mach degreesto thertql t,applies: ININ=MINInfisibtimplormaxamaillwIIINIONfreamapamwe

_ - - IL?rotrota* errationor preciseknomladas anthropology pleaserank course' (boththosethatare specifically requirdandthose thatare optionalina group ment)intabsorder require- of frequencythatthey student"to are .takenby meet bachelorssdegreerequirements, 1forgreatest using frewencyand2,3 a frequencyl forothergradations

4,0 Physicalanthropology o Other(pleat*elveity) b. Cui 111 °

611161m.111111Malmommummin

51 yousezA,,..t=*: aswlplitase III. Withrts tothe CeUr VIA &newerthe Mint the whomeetthe E-W a# Estimatedpercentageof ,:113,-.nts rtke zulr-p_m bytakingt corurse % b.Statusof c-otz - 1. -how(cholaoneonly):

= t-please= pareihty MIIMMINIF

n t, Is req I Te

4 Yes; & 3. Isanelective agrouprequirement. I.Rei=atlo toother!AB 17 rv Cin_ Tr= a-a ear (*')I -4 required T recomm*Dded cir-er* courses: Yes; Wo. ail _ history prerequisitefor (b)Isa I Ira MWI _ - rrae- 1 history courses: -AW-V # t IVO otter

T0 8 i No.

(check C. Stt*1nt yeArinwhicht- Cr-11-4e S " taken sophomore;3. junior; only ) fr-#9..n2. # one i #111.=.1#IL memmloilinc 4. se

s emester: d. Enrollmentincows's kr*currentquarter (cri

_ 41 Etat Ma & L. .1.

_ _ S. Courseenrolleesare T=--2,

smaller 1. inlarge -Apsforgeneral lec.Akressoot ii groupsfor itses Anddiscussion;

2. exclusivelyin 1groups(not r -Oa -AS Ty 25-50); N. a 3.Under otherarrangements(please Lescrib*

m6 Wbo isresponsiblefor determiningths bsicpattern of themaim?

koad; 3. our&instructor; 1. DApartmant 11111111111 sow 4. 2. Depextment41cmalttes; 4. Other(pltasef'711*")11

1111001111111111Miliftermormair=40111MMUllm015111.1mIMMIPINIMININIONI01MINW 41_NorawsismsolialweriarsiosapIlimm intagr rv. IfyourinstitutibnoffersaGeneralEducation or social science course,other thanthe course-JTeredbr Fart III aPoveplease supplythefollowinginformation

k.Approximateparceutaofbachelor-de- candidates who takethe courseto satisfynoolmmai uati on requirements %J

nt b.Thpplaceofthe courseill curricular g2,&tint vtrett

N. I. Social/Seismsdivision;

a 1. Anthropologydepertmentj

specify): ), Cther(please .44mogiffignosissonnalallimMEINNIBI01.MigalowillailariaftlIboisnaummarala

c.If the courseisnotoffprod by theanthropology department, pleaseindicatetheai,44raxir-iatparoentass of instruction inthe courtssuppli4d by the aniebs100- ' sclogy staffs %* PS-16-450

S. ). Append*xB.Tabu Mate Tak4. 1 .---41?uetionitaIr*responiesfromsampleinstitutions ymbOIA " ,,,nomown:se; "X," or;ham ahoc 0-4-k-Tre social twirl-1(v riNuirmenttowardwhich workInthedepartmentmAy oount N," irksututn had,no such1-1441uirrunon . 0-14

-x)r-iseruinepArtment 44(

, -n I , - i i I die An E")-- His- 1 Oht-i SOCA- ' thro-norn- , tory 1cAl 1 ogle iPoloKY Ic Sewn( - .-,,...-...... -r.....-6..--4.--,-..-.....-...... ---.-....w .--..-4...... 6,-...... -.-...- -- , -- ...... -...... 1 v-.-...... -...4 - 1 3 3 4 & 114..-

ALABAMA: AlabamaPolytechnic Institute.__ X X Tuskeg-oeInstitute X ...... _ N X X Universityof - Alabama ^ X X ALASKA: X

Universityof _ Alaska__ ___ 40 I. es. X aw. X X ALUMNA: 1

Arizona StateCollege__ _ X X X .x GrandCanyonCollege _ _ _ University X X ofAria(ma_ 4 4. 4. In X AktAmaks. X X X University ofArkAsw X CAurostsiA: X

ClaremontMensCo _ X X ....444 FresnoState X College nrw.w.Negor -----_ X IA VerneCollege Long X Beach StateCollege X Los X x AngelesStateCollege 41111. )C X X ..41. PomonaCollege -,- mg. Sacramento X X StateCollege 12.411- X SanDiegoStateCollege San .X X FranciscoStateCollege X RanJose StateCollege 41.4=4:410, Stanford X X University 11.111111. X X UniversitydCalifornia X INT Universityof San Francisoo iss.sysismai

65 56 SOCIALSCIEiTCEREQUIREMENTS FOR BACHELOR'S MIMS

Response from-department of Institution An- Eco- His-Polite.Soef- thro-nom-tory foal ology PologYics Science

1 3

CALIIPORNIAContinued

411 14IMIM University of Santa Car MI AIMah.4NI Gm .11 I I alb Emml University of Southern Califprnia.MO WO M COLORADO: 4 Admit; State College .. Colorado State College of Education__ a Colorado State University...... Univrsity of Colorado University of Denver....!k_...... CONNECTICUT:

Annhurst College, 4. 4446 op4m, do64m .11illyer ... ..111.100,

St. Mary's Seminary... ft OW ..... 11. Yile Universitym ...... 01. gm OW WO MI MI al X University of Bridgeport__um......

University of Connecticut mio

DELAWARE: 4 University of Delaware X X Mantle+orCOLUMBIA: The American University X X Catholic University of America_ X 44 GeorgetownUniversity . _ X George Washington University__ X

Howard University_...... Howard =1 ,M Oa dab X X

OM M. Mbor a Trinity College . d FLORIDA.: 116 Florida A and MUniversity______.1 Florida Southern Col1ee ...... _ _ % Florida State University.. . - . w ip 4=., Ow M.... Mb X X University ofFlorida_- ...... X University of Miami.....M1o4M 00 44 Mb 414NED IM I MD mo X X ../ie Iihit0 . 4

Monmr1111 Berry College______Mb ND- IMP . 41.

Emory.Untversity...... Im.dab Fort Valley State College

Morris B College_,,_eelb414 414 414 44. 'Universityo\Georgia___4444114M44= Wesleyan College. HAWAII:

University of Ha1i____ ....lam _ .AM:CND band: 4 University of Idaho .4. 4.4 do .. . hatatiols: Bridley University B.....

p. .0artphage Calmdo.do-do -a . am do Imo do im-o so do am 4ED GIE la ,

-46 KINTUCIT: KANSAS: IOWA: INDIANA: I milli:usContinued University University of Transylvinia Asbury College University Vniversity Kansas State Mount St. Baker State Parsons College Iowa State Iowa State Drake Coe College Valparaiso University of Baint Mary's Purdue University Indiana University Indiana State Huntington Evansville De Pauw Butler Ball State Univemity of Wheaton University of Southern Shurtleff Roosevelt Pestaloszi Northwestern Northern North Central Loyola University Knox College Illinois State De Paul Chicago SOCIAL University University. University University Teachers College of Louisville University College College of Wichita University of Kansas Illinois University z Illinois Teachers University Froebel Teachers Teachers College University College College SCIENCE kEQUIREMENTS College Kentucky 1)8 ladies College college Institution College Notre Dame Teachers Illinois Chicago ...... Normal University ...... _ College of Iowa University 1 .. . , .. . College ...... _ College ...... University ..... a ...... 4M1 all.al ...... INV NO*VOP ...... College-...... IMO .... _ ...... O. . S..... _ t . ... O.; ... 4 .10 _ L11.. al. allo AOal. a IM _ , 011 FOR shmig pology .11111.11011. ma.MNIIN '23C MMMIIIN0 mamma X ml. 61.=111 almimSh thro- MIMINO A X N Response 3 n- BMELOR'B taIMINIMO Ommming X allara 41moMMIM X nom- M80 Eco- efamme X mema..0 ia X 3 A from department * NIMM/ moIN1. X allim1.11111. X tory X His- MOMS 57 Science ftm .1 MIE11.0 Poit 41 X X X X ical XM4144lk X .10. =m110 G11111, of X X emom ology WININI 1111.10 o X m. Soci- X a =Mona X a X X wmomIll X .I=11, .11 X

MMZ>4Z>4 41 asipieliMb 58 SOCIAL SCIENCEREQUISZIONTSFOR BACIIIILOWIMIMS

Respowe fromdepartment of Institution An- Eco-His-Polit-Sod- thro-nom-tory foal ology polar/ice Science

a 11 1 3 3 4

LOUISIANA:' t Centenary College 111. ofLouisiana, _ X , X Grambling College 11,. N X X X X

Louisiana PolytechnicInstitute_IN OM'ND .111 N X =111 X Louisiana StateUniversity_...... amONE X X ..... X Loyola University 4. 4. 44 44, : a a Southern University 4. X X X Southwestern LouisianaInstitute ..1111Mmimm Illw Tulane University _ MAnal:

Aroostock StateTeachersCollege__ . N WIMO =MM., 4MMEIM Bates College X N X Universityof Maine X MARYLAND: Hood College N X X _ N Johns Hopkins University oio - N X x N University ofMaryland_ ____ N X X X X Western MarylandCollege a X X X X MASSACHUSZTTR: Boston College _ N Boston University __ X X X Clark University - ...db. ... I l a X X X ..... College of theHoly Cross _ X X X HarvardUniversity ...... a N N X X Massachusetts InstituteofTechnology_ .mm . State TeachersCollege, Worcester =imm,

Merrimack College 41111 0=1111.111 Northeastern University Smith College 4.1M 110 State TeachersCollegeat Boston____ N N X N N

Mb Mb A. Stonehill College O. 41/ MN, 4M. N X X X

Tufts University MD WO .M 40. OW OM I M 00 N X X X University of Massachusetts _ _ IMP411 aXxx X Wellesley College A. ./. tO X X X X X MICHIGAN:

41.11101 Calvin College .11.11111b. x- Central MichiganCollege ofEducation_ Xaggyom Mercy College EasternMichigan College Michigan State University______- X X University of Detroit University ofMichigan xxxx Wayne StateUniversity. ______xxXXxxxx Western MichiganUniversity___ X X X SOCIALSCIENCEREQUIREMENTS TORBACHELOR'SDEGREES 59

Responsefromdepartmentof Institution An- Eco-His-PolItSoci- thro-nom-tory ical ology pologyics Science 1 3 3 4 41

MINNIMOTA: College ofSt.Catherine MinnesotaState .r TeddiereCollege_ X St.John'sUniversity X X =0 N St. OlafCollege...... X N i UniversityofMinnesota X X X MisstuIPPI: X X X MississippiStateCollege ..... Mississippi X X X X SouthernCollege X TougalooSouthern X X ChristianCollege_ X UniversityofMississippi WilliamCareyCane X ON1.0111111. Missouri: X X IMIMINMaM NortheastMissouriStateTeachers

College esw pa. pe ..... : ep a. opNp RockhurstCollege X X X X 8t. LouisUniversity .______Universityof X X N KansasCity X Universityof X Missouri_____er ....ar ie Washington X X X University MP ,=, mu. MONTANA: X X X X MontanaState College___._ ow 4E. Almm Montana8tateUniversity Nsimaszha:

TheCreightonUniversity_ Doane X X X College.. _ _ - ...... IND MD X X MunicipalUniversityofOmaha X ..... X X X NebraskaStateTeachersCollege,Peru_ Universityof X 4111 X Nebraska 1111 40INP 410 =I X X NivADA:UniversityofNevada NswEttursmaa: X X 111.111 DartmouthCollege ...... X X St.Awelm'sCollege X .... , di AV Mb Universityof NewHampshire NawJIMMY: X X X FairWgitDickinsonUniversity New jillOoPme JerseyStateTeachersCollege, Trenton...... X .111MINNID X PulsarCollegeotPhysicalEducation andHygiene..- Princeton x X University OP 41111 IP alP OP xx Rutgers,the State PM OP el OP X N University40 al 410 42". X BetonHaUniversity..... X Rt.Peter's ..... MIMEO ...... 11* emMeNP MsWIMM 60 SOCIAL SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR BACHELOR'SDEGREES

r Response from department of Institution An- Eco- His-Polit-Soci- thro-nom-tory ical ology pologyics Science

1 2 3 4 5

NEW Mexico: New Mexico College of Agriculture and . Mechanical Arts vX X University of New Mexico______111 X NEW YORK: Adelphi College Brooklyn College X X Cathedral College of the Immaculate

Conception______GM S MD 4111. 40 X X The City College of New York City..___ xxxxx Columbia College, Columbia University.. N N X X Cornell University X X Finch College_ _ _.. a dm. ______Fordham College, Fordham University.. X X

Hofstra College_._ _ _ _ MPa..M. . ...II. AM dm41. mob. X N X X

Hunter College mow r X X X X

Keuka College______ow. ..11. Mb 4M MD OM N X N X X Long Island University______N X X 4 Manhattan College _ X X X X Nazareth College of Rochester_%. X New York University _ _ _ _ X X X Queens College of the City of New York_ N X X NN St. Bonaventure University INIMINIENNIMM X X X St. John's Unk*ersity X State University of New York, Buffalo__ N N X State University of New York, Geneseo_ N X X X X Syracuse University X X X University of Buffalo______N University of Rochester X X XX Union University N X X X Vassar College XX X NOWT!' CAROLINA:

Duke University______- IN O., goo. 4. N X X X Elon College N X North Carolina State College X X X Queens College 11111.s X X

University of North Carolina _ MO 'OW OP MO X X N Western Carolina College 011011 Women's College of the University of North Carolina X 1111111. NORM DAKOTA: North Dakota Agricultural College_ _ University of North Dakota _ _ _ _ X X Omo: Bowling Green State University _ X 11111Minip Pennsylvania: Puerto Rico: Oregon: Okahoma: OsioContinued Pennsylvania National Lincoln Lehigh Lebanon Duquesne La Salle Geneva Drexel Chestnut Albright Cohkge University University Oregon State Portland Linfield University Oklahoma Oklahoma University Northeastern YoUngtown Xavier Wittenberg Western University of University of University Ohio University of The Ohio Oberlin John Carroll Kent State Miami Hiram Fenn College_ College of Central State SOCIAL Ohio University Institute University University College.- University op44+411,44, College University College College Agricultural Valley College State Hill Reserve University of Puerto State of Oregon City State of Tulsa 'SCIENCE of Oklahoma 1. of Cincinnati College University State 44 University College Mount St. College Institution State University Toledo Dayton Akron College College College of University - _ University University ______University 1 Technology____ ..... _ University... my mw.mm College ______Rico College ...... em REQUIREMENTS . .... a .. Am 44 m0,404p a ______... .. 4. OPMb ..... ap 4n...... __ .... Joseph-on-the-- 40 44AOpp.44 fu- ...... __ MP 4446eft ..... Ne OP ...... 4110 ...... 4. 4111. pp 4.op44 _ OD 41b - 4110 ... .. 41D onmm44OP .1 MN ..... - 414, a Imp =b is 411, opAN. OM Mb OP FOR N X pology X thro- X X X An- X X Response 2 RAM:MOWS X X nom- Eco- ics X 3 from N X X X x X X X X X X X tory X His- X X X N X X 4 department DEGRIBICS X X X Mena% X x X N Polite X X X X N N X X N ical X X X X 444,04=4 X x X. of ology X X X Soci- X N X X X X 41

XZXXXXXXXX 61 62socIAL SCIENCE REQUIRE a _NTS FOR PIACI:MOWS MIMS

Response from department of Institution An- Eco-His-Polit-Soci- thro-nom-tory leal ology PINEYies Science

1 11 4

PINNS YLV ANIAContinued

Saint Joseph"' College______law State Teachers College (Cheyney) a State Teachers Co liege (Clarion) P e

State Teachers College (Shippensburg). 4111011111 Temple University Thiel College X University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh

Villanova University IP ...... Wilson College RHODA! ISLAND: Brown University Catholic Teachers College of Providence_ University of Rhode hland X X SOUTH CAROLINA: Clemson AgriculturalColige Furman University_____ vt. X University of SouthCarolina SOUTH Didwitt: Huron College University of South Dakota X

South Dakota State College .

TIINNESSIR: asi Austin Peay State College - _ X CumberlanUniversity __ thalliamPO East Tess State Collegevm ..

Le Moyn ollege _MI 41041M MD. Ob. 41. Mb IIIMP . . 41.1 -OM, 4M. Memphis State University Xf 61111111111 Scarritt College for Christian Workers__ X Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial State University IP AND - - P'. University of Chattanooga X mmo University of Tennessee Im ow -..gb . .ip Vanderbilt University xi TIMMY

Baylor University_ _ _ lip a) 411 as am Howard Payne College X el Lamar State College of Technology____ North Texas StateCollege.....". ! Prairie View A and M College St. Mary's University of San Antonio.. Southern Metliodist University Texas A and M College Texas Christian University S. SOCIALMEMmumnaarreFOR BAeR11411.8MOMS68

Imola Responsefromdepartmentof Institution learmo..mosvromeall=MITII=r 10- Pin- Eoo- His-Polit-Sod- hro-nom-tory ical ology )1(4y ice 8cience-

1 2 3 4 5 4 TixAeContinue4

Texas Collegeof ArtsandIndustries____ airommr Texas SouthernUniversity X X Texas TechnologicalCollege X x X University of Houston "NW .1L Mt m. el, X X University ofTexas X X Wiley College______411111. UTAH: Brigham Young University N X X X College of St.Mary-of-the-Wasatch. N Utah StateUniversity x .... _ N X X Universityof Utah, 4...... x X Vit RMO NT: x State TeachersCollege, Castieton__._ _ X X St. Michael'sCollege NN X N N UniversityofVermont__lorm Im OP. V OD M. 4.1. X VIRGINIA: X College ofWilliam and Mary....AM. I MP X Mary X BaldwinCollege .... X University of X Richmond 0 M., ND OD Do _____ VI10 X Universityof Virginia N X VirginiaPolytechnicInstitute NN VirginiaStateCollege ...... X VirginiaUnionUniversity - - WASHINGTON: X PacificLutheran College. _ wow 4. Mb 411.MI. X IMIMMib SeattleUniversity 4ay State College of Washington .____ X UniversityofWashington WESTVIRGINIA: Bethany College MP a Ip .1. r VW .1* Al" Aw OD MD AN. N X X ConcordCollege X Marshall X College.. X X X westVirginiaUniversity X 411- WISCONSIN: XX Carroll College N Marquette X University X X X NorthlandCollege X X UniversityofWisconsin _ _ X X X 'EX Univorsityof Wisconsin,Milwaukee.___ X X X WisconsinState College,Oshkosh_ AD. O. X X X WYOMING: X , . Universityof W4taning X x 4111P

A *con science, count toward fulfill Tabli 2.--Extont to ... which anthropology, mist of social :chorus mics, requirementshistory, political for bachelor's and sociology &grim. may Sociology Degree respond- TotalAnthropologyentA Percentrequir- ing respond-, Totalents Economics Percentreq ing uir- respond Totalen ts History Percentrequir- ing respondPoliticalTotal Scienceents Percentrequir- ing respond Totalenta I Percentrequir- ing 1 3 3 4 1 6 7 8 10 1 11 All bachelor's degrees MP 00 . . . 72 45. 8 183 51. 4 200 68. 5 186 52.. 2 185 48. 1 All A. B. ckegrees 65 76. 91 153 65. 4 181 I 91. 21 150 43.80. 0 175 52.69. 71 All B. Srdegrees 5521 J 49.42. 9 140 41 54 3 160 43 78.62. 8 123 48 5& 83 140 41 43. 4 All 13..8. degrees in agriculture 68. 3 I All bachelor's oommeroe degrees in business and 47 61. 7 106 96. g,, ,129 90. 7 115 83 5 108 1 67. 6 All bachelor's degrees in education_ _ _ 48 1 68. 7 113 64. 4 146 95. 2 121 81. 8 127 74. 0 4111. .110 4111. MD 1 All B. 8. degrees in engineering 36 33 3 82 67. 1 83 4 66. 3 84 46. 4 73 31. 5 SOCIALSCIENCEREQUIREMENTSFORBACEMLOWEl MIMS 65 Table 3.--lequired,lective, andprerequisitestatus ofcourse

Percentof Institutionsin which Percent ofInstitutionsin which course is: course Is a requiredor room- mendedprerequisite

Subject For neither Neither mostnor all An elect,ve required For all Required Farmast other in itgrouptor elective, other other muses In req u or only courses tncourses Insubject,or meat partly subject subject torsome students only

1 3 6 7

A nthropologY1. --- 81. 3 to 47 6 32. 8 10. 7 a .11111--...... Mm 1/011"4.10.1.11, Eomomlos_ ..... 34 2 52. 3 ea 4 2it 7 I. 9 istory .e. 4&7 40. 2 37. 6 2& 8 It 7

rolit scteme ...... _ . Si 4 4110 64. 4 It 5 21. 1

Sociology...... ?I 4 M. 5 47. 6 34. 3 1

Table 4.--Enrolimentand 'semesterhours'credit InSoda! Sdencecourses most frequentlytakento meetbachelor-degreerequirements 7

Enrollment Semesterhours'credit Number. Num ber Subject of institu- ofInstitu- tiow Avenire Range time Averso Range

1 3 4 7

Anthropology a.. 4,s ....., 411. 70 117 io-soo es 1 4 3-6 Economics 346 18-1, SOO )70 4.-7 2-12 1listory 160 476 2W-2.110 186 & 3 3-18 l'olitkialscience 1664167 309 11-1, 788 le2 R. 8 2-8 Sociology. 144 302 7-937 161 3. 6 1-8

a 66 SOCIAL SCIZNCI REQUIRIMMTS ?OR BACHILOICS MINIM

Table 5.----Size of ClassesorSections, by subled

lIIt el imittlestgegec In whichcourtsIs taught

xammearaal...11MM Sub)ed NumberofLarge leo-Itsoluelvety Institutionsturf end Lagroups Other mall quis-of *Xover groups Tots / discussion IWO groups

,44111144!

1 1

Anthropology 11. b 64. 6 I& 9 .11=1,,1M1T 1111. toomxclos 177 11.1 71 0 10_ 2 100 0 4 Illst(ry 263 27. 0 67, 3 I& 7 100 0

.111.11M11.11, 'MVP Pont keeledam* 1 79 It 3 6& 2 l& 1 100 0 1111101. ...-0 - .161,

Sociology_ 1 I I.6 70, 9 17. 6 100 0

Tablej6.--Grodelevelatwhich coursels usually taken

Percent of Institntkes In whichoonres Istaken NttUltier flub)ect Ultimo Fresh- Sopbo. Junior Senior man Mere year yew Other Total year year

1 3 4 7

84.4.

AnthropokgY 74 21 4 Se 2 4 t 0 Ion

Romornics 196 1& 9 7t 9 6 1 0 & 6 100 0

H Mont 199 64. XI. 1 1 6 la 6 ioeo

-4 Polltkal science 1 73 3& 2 4& 0 & 1. 2 & 7 100 0 444,, Sociology ------179 20. 6 et 7 & 7 1. 7 7. 3 Imo

Table 7.-4stimatedpercent of students in institutionswhomeet bachelor-degree socialsciencerequirement by taking thecourse

Numberot Novae,of students whotailsowns flub)ect Inman- Men

0-19 110--49 6G-7 . 110-11:*

- IN +*k..-+FONI

1 9 9 II 1

Anthropology ea ( 12 a 2

Komomics 169 24 NI 29 SO - History' 179 12 SO 42 II

Political science ...... 1112 a a so N

Sociology , 190 a a a v

2 PP

SOCIALEICIZNOIRIMITIRIIIKNISPoiBACIIIIIWW8Milan67 a Table 8.-4stintated is percent of studentsIncows*whocompleteft for credit

Number atInstitutionsatInmsttnieampletios Total al %Smog =abet course by- oflima. Mimi10perms* 110-00 70-79 0)-01, Other or mare percent /0111 MINI percent mountMIM 7 s.. ...=1111111 4, t1... A uthropokti_ ...... 4.4.-...... -_ -.2 0 Ittowniks . 1 77 - -11,.:Ce 3 11 War! sele - t t 2;ac 4 4 0....11-y. M.11111-1111+-MIN .11 , rout kvalscience 1711 4 4 -- 11111116 Acid a1047 174 0

tr/I10

Table9.--4stirnatedpercent of students CI. Incoursewho willtakenoother courseIn subjed

ANIMM11101,. Number alrewondents wboestimatedcourse would beanallop--- Total Outlaw' number ci(re 1-0per- Ko-HIOper. NoNu- Voodente cent at cent at dents In Other students students course =1.1=41)=11/,hicourse Incourse

A nthrop ology . - ...... 71 I4 67 111111111/

a 4 Fmomn- ice 114 57 116 H *tory ISO 48 126 ...... }'olitk.iscience 167 23 142 ------. _ =10 Sociology 170 40 118

I The lowesttetlinatewee 10 parent 'e 68 SOCIAL SCIENCE REQUIREMENTSFOR BACHZLOR'S MARKIN

Table 10.--itankof staffteaching SocialWont*coursesmostfrequently takenbystudentstomeetbachelorm.dgnierequirements

Patent martini

.111110. InstructioninetniotionInstrwation Totalnum-preload- predomi- .about Sub** beral byneatlybyeqperonnel1 netnxition reetxxxkataprofessorsInstructors under other Total essocialie and indiostad - i I and grad wits °alumni 3 manta assistant aisMants saki 4 prolamin

1 1 S. 2

A t- n thropology IA 3 5 3 1 7 100 0 4. . 4 , Loonornios..... 18S 71 9 It1 1-4 e 6 4 lat0

11 litor7- 208 81 7 1 0 11 0 t 3 4 ft 0

P °Ili tritons _ 179 79 3 1 4 13 4 1 9 1 tAi 0

Sociology . 182 & 8 it 9 &3 011 0 Ahom.

Table11.--INtsponsibility tordetermining basicpatternofcourts

percentrty Taal Sub)ect num ber ...... - respondents Depart-f('-ouree Depart- Other meat headthetrwtar mental arrange- Tmal conunittee molts

1 3 6 3 3 7

.. _

4A nthropology 76 )12 57 9 19 7 92 100 0

______- --- ___. __-___.___. __ _ % Enrol=Vs ...... 123 717 31 1 Xi 5 18.7 100 0 ,. .

History 322 109 21 2 361 6 . 213 100 0 - ____.______

P alit ical aciewe 174 1&4 $& 1 n 4 . 241 103 0 ..

Sociology 176 17.6 Mk 9 k"4 17.1 100 0

;