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Apresentação Com Beamer

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Apresentação Com Beamer UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA PET - PROGRAMA DE EDUCAC¸ AO~ TUTORIAL CIENCIAS^ DA COMPUTAC¸ AO~ Apresentac¸oes~ com Beamer Maur´ıcioOliveira Haensch Florian´opolis, Junho de 2009 Contents 1 Introdu¸c~ao2 2 O que s~aoLATEX e Beamer?3 3 Primeiros Passos4 3.1 O pre^ambulo.............................4 3.1.1 Pacotes............................4 3.1.2 T´ıtulo,autor, data e institui¸c~ao...............5 3.1.3 Template e cores.......................5 3.2 A apresenta¸c~ao............................6 3.2.1 Slides .............................6 3.2.2 Estrutura de se¸c~oes......................7 4 Customizando a sua apresenta¸c~ao9 4.1 Modifica¸c~oesno pre^ambulo.....................9 4.1.1 Cores de texto........................9 4.1.2 Escolhendo as cores.....................9 4.1.3 Cores do template ...................... 10 4.1.4 Blocos e itens......................... 11 4.1.5 Outros comandos....................... 12 4.2 Comandos na apresenta¸c~ao..................... 12 4.2.1 Come¸candoa apresenta¸c~ao................. 13 4.2.2 Itens.............................. 13 4.2.3 Blocos............................. 14 4.2.4 Imagens............................ 15 4.2.5 Os comandos alert e pause ................. 15 5 Finaliza¸c~oes 18 1 Introdu¸c~ao Um dos projetos de 2009 do PET Computa¸c~aoda UFSC ´ea realiza¸c~aode semin´ariosindividuais dos bolsistas, abertos `acomunidade e com tema livre. Al´emda apresenta¸c~aooral, um documento escrito (banner, apostila ou tutorial) faz parte dos resultados desse projeto. Esta apostila corresponde ao semin´ario "Apresenta¸c~oescom Beamer", ministrado no dia 18 de Junho de 2009 pelo bolsista Maur´ıcioOliveira Haensch. Nesta apostila estar~aoalguns trechos da apresenta¸c~ao,mas com um pouco mais de detalhes para aqueles que se interessaram pela ferramenta apresentada e queiram se aprofundar mais na elabora¸c~aode apresenta¸c~oescom Beamer. Iniciando com uma explica¸c~aor´apidasobre LATEX e Beamer, para aqueles que ainda n~aoconhecem, e passando por uma ajuda b´asicana elabora¸c~aode uma apresenta¸c~aoe finalizando com algumas dicas de customiza¸c~aoda apar^enciada sua apresenta¸c~ao. 2 2 O que s~ao LATEX e Beamer? Donald Ervin Knuth, autor da s´eriede livros "The Art of Computer Pro- gramming", criou na d´ecadade 70 o sistema de tipografia TEX[1], que acabou sendo utilizado em meio acad^emicopor f´ısicos,matem´aticose cientistas da com- puta¸c~ao,devido `asua capacidade de reproduzir f´ormulas matem´aticasde forma simples e elegante. Na d´ecadade 80, Leslie Lamport desenvolveu o LATEX[1], que nada mais ´eque um conjunto de macros para TEX. Isso fornece um con- junto de comandos de mais alto n´ıvel para o usu´ario,que acaba por facilitar o uso da ferramenta. OLATEX ´euma linguagem de marca¸c~aopara formatar documentos de uma maneira mais ”profissional”. A diferen¸caentre documentos editados com outras ferramentas e com o LATEX ´eo foco que ´edado `aelabora¸c~aodo produto final. Com outros editores, voc^ese preocupa com a forma visual do documento sendo escrito. Utilizando LATEX, o foco principal ´ea estrutura l´ogicado documento. O que ocorre de fato ´eum compilador que processa um arquivo de texto e gera uma sa´ıda,que pode ser html, pdf, postscript ou v´ariasoutras. Devido ao fato dos documentos LATEX possuirem uma estrutura l´ogicacomo caracter´ıstica principal, o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de convers~ao´ef´acile comum. Al´em disso, voc^epode estruturar seu documento com v´ariostipos pr´e-definidos, ou criar um novo. Por exemplo, temos as classes article, book e report. Beamer ´euma classe de documentos LATEX criada para gerar apresenta¸c~oes em slides. O Beamer n~ao´ea primeira classe desenvolvida para essa finalidade, mas atualmente ´emuito utilizada. Apresenta¸c~oesgeradas com Beamer seguem o mesmo princ´ıpiodo LATEX, ou seja, seguem o princ´ıpiodo foco na estrutura l´ogica. Com Beamer, voc^edefine os slides (que s~aochamados de frames) e o conte´udodeles, al´emde algumas configura¸c~oesb´asicasda sua apresenta¸c~ao, como template e cores sendo utilizadas. A instala¸c~aodas ferramentas necess´ariaspara utilizar Beamer depende do seu sistema operacional. Existem v´ariasdistribui¸c~oesde LATEX dispon´ıveis, como o TeXLive (multi-plataforma), MacTeX (para usu´arios de Mac OS) e MiKTeX [2] (para Windows). Al´emdo LATEX, procure instalar uma ferramenta de edi¸c~aode texto especializada ou adicione algum plugin para o editor de sua prefer^encia (existem plugins para os mais diversos editores, como Vim, Emacs e gedit). Para usu´ariosde Windows, uma boa op¸c~ao´eo LEd[3] (LATEX Editor), que ´e gratuito mas n~ao´e open-source. Feita esta breve introdu¸c~aoao que ´eLATEX e beamer, vamos ver como se monta uma apresenta¸c~ao. 3 3 Primeiros Passos Assim como outros tipos de documentos feitos em LATEX, uma apresenta¸c~ao feita em Beamer pode ser dividida em duas partes b´asicas,o pre^ambulo e a ap- resenta¸c~ao.No pre^ambulo ´eque voc^edefine v´ariascaracter´ısticasdo documento sendo gerado, como o template, as cores, o tipo de fonte, ´eat´emesmo define que ser´aum documento do tipo beamer. Na segunda parte, a apresenta¸c~ao´efeita de fato, estruturando as se¸c~oes,subse¸c~oese slides que ser~aoo resultado final. 3.1 O pre^ambulo Diversas informa¸c~oes estar~aopresentes no pre^ambulo do arquivo. Para quem j´aconhece LATEX, aqui v~aoas mesmas defini¸c~oesde t´ıtulo,autor, institui¸c~ao, data e a lista de pacotes que ser~aousados (como o pacote que cont´ems´ımbolos matem´aticos,por exemplo). Al´emdessa parte comum `aoutros tipos de doc- umento LATEX, voc^evai poder definir aqui o template da apresenta¸c~aoe o es- quema de cores sendo utilizados, assim como pode personalizar as cores da sua apresenta¸c~aoe algumas outras caracter´ısticascomo o tipo de marcador de itens (c´ırculosimples, bola ou quadrado, por exemplo). Primeiramente, ser´amostrado aqui apenas o realmente necess´ariopara se criar uma apresenta¸c~aocom Beamer. A primeira coisa a ser feita ´edeclarar o tipo de documento de um arquivo .tex como sendo Beamer, com o comando ndocumentclassfbeamerg. Em seguida, voc^edeclara os pacotes que ser~aousa- dos no seu arquivo (para codifica¸c~aoe inclus~aode s´ımbolos matem´aticos,por exemplo). Por´em,a menor apresenta¸c~aoque eu consegui fazer gerar um .pdf foi essa: \documentclass{beamer} \begin{document} \frame{Oi} \end{document} Isso gera exatamente um slide apenas com o texto "Oi". Desse modo podemos ver que gerar uma apresenta¸c~aon~aoprecisa de muitos recursos no pre^ambulo. Entretanto, dificilmente voc^efar´auma apresenta¸c~aoque n~aoutilize nem mesmo palavras acentuadas, um link para alguma p´agina,um template, uma imagem ou algum s´ımbolo matem´atico.Come¸careidemonstrando a utiliza¸c~aode alguns pacotes mais comuns: 3.1.1 Pacotes \documentclass{beamer} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \begin{document} \frame{...} \frame{...} \end{document} 4 O pacote inputenc com o par^ametro utf8 define a codifica¸c~aosendo utilizada. Logo abaixo, hyperref ´eum pacote para fazer links em suas refer^encias,as- sim como linkar tamb´emo seu sum´ario`asse¸c~oespresentes na apresenta¸c~ao. O pacote seguinte, graphicx ´enecess´ariopara a utiliza¸c~aode imagens e os dois ´ultimos, amssymb e amsmath, permitem o uso de carcateres especiais e s´ımbolos matem´aticos.Al´em desses representados, existe uma quantidade enorme de out- ros pacotes para incrementar seus documentos e apresenta¸c~oes.Nas refer^encias dessa apostila h´aum cat´alogode pacotes[4] muito ´utilpara procurar um pacote que seja adequado para a sua necessidade. 3.1.2 T´ıtulo,autor, data e institui¸c~ao No pre^ambulo do arquivo voc^etamb´emcoloca defini¸c~oesde t´ıtulo, autor, institui¸c~aoe data. Essas informa¸c~oesser~aoutilizadas para gerar a p´aginade t´ıtuloda sua apresenta¸c~ao,assim como, dependendo do template que voc^eutiliza na sua apresenta¸c~ao,esses dados tamb´emficar˜aopresentes no topo ou rodap´e dos seus slides. Para demonstra¸c~aodos comandos utilizados: \documentclass{beamer} \usepackage{...} \title{T´ıtuloda apresenta¸c~ao} \author{Autor 1 \\ Autor 2} \institute{Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina} \date{\today} \begin{document} \frame{...} \frame{...} \end{document} Esses comandos s~aobem simples e intuitivos. Voc^epode colocar in´umerosau- tores, separando cada um com nn e a data pode ser fixa, como "19 de Janeiro" ou "Junho de 2009", ou com a utiliza¸c~aodo comando ntoday, como demon- strado, a data inserida ser´aa data do seu computador no momento em que a apresenta¸c~aofor gerada. 3.1.3 Template e cores No pre^ambulo do seu arquivo tamb´em s~aoinclu´ıdosalguns comandos para definir caracter´ısticasda sua apresenta¸c~ao. Isso inclui, template, esquema de cores, redefini¸c~aode cor para textos, blocos e partes do template, tipo de mar- cadores de itens, e v´ariasoutras op¸c~oes. Neste trecho da apostila, apenas demon- strarei os dois comandos mais b´asicos.Em outra se¸c~ao,ser~aomostrados outros comandos para modificar mais a apar^enciada sua apresenta¸c~ao.Veja a seguir: \documentclass{beamer} \usepackage{...} \title{...} \author{...} \usetheme{Nome do Template} \usecolortheme{Nome do esquema de cores} \begin{document} \frame{...} \frame{...} \end{document} 5 O primeiro dos comandos, nusethemefNome do templateg, ´erespons´avel pelo template que ser´autilizado para a sua apresenta¸c~ao. Esse template define a exist^enciae a posi¸c~aodas barras com nome de se¸c~oese subse¸c~oes,t´ıtulodo slide e barras com nome de autor, institui¸c~aoe t´ıtuloda apresenta¸c~ao.Por exemplo, o tema chamado Ilmenau possui uma barra ao topo com o nome das se¸c~oes, logo abaixo uma outra barra com subse¸c~oese uma terceira barra com o t´ıtulo do slide atual.
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