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(Cfch) Faculdade De Educação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS (CFCH) FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO LICENCIATURA EM PEDAGOGIA O DEBATE SOBRE HOMESCHOOLING NO BRASIL: Organizações da sociedade civil e tentativas de regulamentação Orientanda: Vânia Maria de Carvalho e Silva Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Pereira da Rocha Rosistolato Rio de Janeiro/RJ Dezembro de 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS (CFCH) FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO LICENCIATURA EM PEDAGOGIA O DEBATE SOBRE HOMESCHOOLING NO BRASIL: Organizações da sociedade civil e tentativas de regulamentação Vânia Maria de Carvalho e Silva Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Pedagogia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Pereira da Rocha Rosistolato Rio de Janeiro/RJ Dezembro de 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO CENTRO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS (CFCH) FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO LICENCIATURA EM PEDAGOGIA O DEBATE SOBRE HOMESCHOOLING NO BRASIL: Organizações da sociedade civil e tentativas de regulamentação Vânia Maria de Carvalho e Silva Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Licenciado em Pedagogia. Aprovada em: ____/_____/_____ BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________________ Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Pereira da Rocha Rosistolato (UFRJ-PPGE) ___________________________________________________ Prof. Dra. Ana Pires do Prado (UFRJ-PPGE) ___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Antônio Jorge Gonçalves Soares (UFRJ – PPGE) Dedicatória Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Francisco (in memoriam) e Zauri (in memoriam), a quem fiquei devendo a alegria deste diploma, já que a vida me levou por caminhos outros. A vocês, minha mãe querida, professora, que me alfabetizou e que sempre incentivou a educação em nossa casa, e meu pai amado, exemplo de fidelidade, provisão e carinho, ofereço esta conquista. Agradecimentos Agradeço primeiro a Deus, meu Criador, quem me ilumina e opera em mim tanto o querer quanto o efetuar, obrigada por ter me dado a fé e a força para a jornada. Agradeço à minha família, ao meu marido Nélcio, pelo amor, apoio, força e disposição em renunciar à esposa para muitas horas de estudo. Agradeço à minha filha Mariane, de quem muito me orgulho, fruto do Ensino em Casa, minha primeira aluna, estudamos juntas e aprendemos juntas. Ainda jovenzinha, ensinou sua irmã mais nova. Sua primeira sala de aula foi na universidade, e hoje pós-graduada, cidadã exemplar e dedicada, artista designer, fotógrafa, trilíngue, gerente de marketing da empresa onde trabalha nos EUA, me fez crer que educar é liberdade, é voo, é encontrar seu próprio caminho. Agradeço à minha filha Carolina, pelos abraços, pela força e incentivos para eu permanecer na faculdade, pois nos momentos difíceis, nossas conversas ao buscá-la na UNIRIO à noite, voltando juntas para casa, me ajudaram a perseverar, mesmo quando a idade, os afazeres e a distância de casa diziam não. Seu caminho de apenas quatro anos de escola, embora diverso da maioria, me ajudou a entender melhor e apreciar o Homeschooling. Aos missionários que me apresentaram o Ensino em Casa, e com quem aprendi minhas primeiras lições sobre ensinar, obrigada por me abrirem a mente e o coração para o diferente. Aos meus mestres da Faculdade de Educação da UFRJ, excelentes, inteligentes, capazes, cada um me acrescentou muito neste descobrir da Pedagogia. Um agradecimento especial ao Professor José Claudio Sooma Silva, que teve grande influência nos meus anos iniciais na faculdade e com quem aprendi os primeiros caminhos da pesquisa. E agradeço de coração ao Professor Rodrigo Rosistolato, meu orientador paciente e de extrema competência, que abriu os braços para me ajudar com esta pesquisa. Aos colegas e amigos que conheci na UFRJ, obrigada pelas conversas, trabalhos e pela paciência em escutar minhas muitas perguntas. “A cultura moderna não é, de fato, de caráter pluralista [...] ao contrário, é mais unitária, mais uniforme e mais fortemente centralizada do que qualquer outra cultura que tenha existido até agora. E a educação moderna foi um dos fatores mais importantes para alcançar esse resultado, visto que coloca todas as gerações de jovens sob as mesmas influências de ideias durante o período mais impressionável das suas vidas.” (Christopher Dawson. La crisi dell’educazione occidentale. 1965, p.132-133) RESUMO Carvalho e Silva, V.M. O DEBATE SOBRE HOMESCHOOLING NO BRASIL: Organizações da sociedade civil e tentativas de regulamentação. Monografia (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de Pedagogia) - Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o debate sobre Ensino em Casa no Brasil, buscando conhecer quem são os legisladores, quais os argumentos a favor e contra apresentados nas tentativas de legalização da prática no Poder Legislativo, bem como em processos jurídicos que as famílias vêm enfrentando. O trabalho apresenta uma descrição histórica do (re)surgimento do Ensino em Casa nos Estados Unidos e aponta o crescimento da prática no Brasil. A fim de explicar o debate, descreve a produção acadêmica brasileira sobre o tema, e a ANED (organização na sociedade civil) e seus argumentos. Através de uma linha de tempo que se inicia na década de 1990, apresenta o histórico dos projetos de lei e de decisões judiciais, buscando identificar os enfrentamentos e defesas para a regularização da prática no Brasil. A pesquisa nos leva a concluir que o Ensino em Casa é um fenômeno crescente no país, que busca maior segurança na legislação a fim de se constituir como opção educacional às famílias que por ele se interessem, como opção educacional para suprir o direito à educação de suas crianças e adolescentes. Palavras chaves: família, Ensino em casa, Homeschooling, Direito à Educação, legislação educacional, obrigatoriedade escolar ABSTRACT Carvalho e Silva, V.M. THE HOMESCHOOLING DEBATE IN BRAZIL: Civil Organizations and Legal Regularization Attempts. (Final Paper) - Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2017 The main objective of this study is to analyze the ongoing debate about homeschooling in Brazil, aiming to approach who the legislators are, what the arguments are, both in favor of and against homeschooling, in the various attempts to legalize this practice in Brazilian Congress and in the judicial cases families have been facing. This work presents a historical description of the re(birth) of schooling at home in the United States, and describes the growth of this form of education in Brazil. In order to explain the ongoing debate, it describes the Brazilian Academic Production about homeschooling, as well as an organization in society (ANED) and their arguments. The study uses a timeline starting in the 1990’s, in order to present the history of the proposed laws and judicial sentences seeking to identify confrontations and defenses throughout the regularization process of Homeschooling in Brazil. Research shows us that Homeschooling is a growing phenomenon in the country, seeking greater legal security in order to be established to the families interested in the method as an educational option to supply the right of education of their children. Key words: Family, Homeschooling, Educational Rights, Educational Legislation, compulsory school ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Estatística de Famílias de Ensino em Casa no Brasil (2016) .........................................18 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS ANED – Associação Nacional de Educação Domiciliar ABDPEF - Associação Brasileira de Defesa e Promoção da Educação Familiar AC – Acre AL – Alagoas AM - Amazonas BA - Bahia CCJC – Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania CEC – Comissão de Educação e Cultura CEFET – Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica CF – Constituição Federal CNE - Conselho Nacional de Educação CPC – Código de Processo Civil DEM – Partido Democratas DF – Distrito Federal ECA – Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Lei 8069/1990) ENEM – Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio GO – Goiás HSLDA – do inglês Home School Legal Defense Association LDB – Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (Lei 9394/1996) MA – Maranhão MEC – Ministério da Educação MG – Minas Gerais MP – Ministério Público MT – Mato Grosso OAB – Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil OECD – do inglês Organization for Economic Co-operation Development ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas PA – Pará PB – Partido Brasileiro PDT – Partido Democrático Trabalhista PE – Pernambuco PEC – Proposta de Emenda à Constituição PHS – Partido Humanista da Solidariedade PL - Projeto de Lei PL – Partido Liberal PFL – Partido da Frente Liberal PMDB – Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro PPS – Partido Popular Socialista PP – Partido Progressista PR – Partido da República PR – Paraná PRB – Partido Republicano Brasileiro PSC – Partido Social Cristão PST – Partido Social Trabalhista PT – Partido dos Trabalhadores PTB – Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro PV – Partido Verde PNE – Plano Nacional de Educação PEC – Proposta de Emenda à Constituição Petrobrás – Petróleo PISA – do inglês Programme for International Student Assessment PUC – Pontifícia Universidade Católica RE – Recurso Extraordinário RJ – Rio de Janeiro RS – Rio Grande do Sul PHS – Partido Humanista da Solidariedade PL - Projeto de Lei PL – Partido Liberal STF – Supremo Tribunal Federal STJ –
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