Field Actions Science Reports The journal of field actions Special Issue 20 | 2019 Urban Agriculture: Another Way to Feed Cities Mathilde Martin-Moreau and David Ménascé (dir.) Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/5536 ISSN: 1867-8521 Publisher Institut Veolia Printed version Date of publication: 24 September 2019 ISSN: 1867-139X Electronic reference Mathilde Martin-Moreau and David Ménascé (dir.), Field Actions Science Reports, Special Issue 20 | 2019, « Urban Agriculture: Another Way to Feed Cities » [Online], Online since 24 September 2019, connection on 03 March 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/5536 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License THE VEOLIA INSTITUTE REVIEW FACTS REPORTS 2019 URBAN AGRICULTURE: ANOTHER WAY TO FEED CITIES In partnership with THE VEOLIA INSTITUTE REVIEW - FACTS REPORTS THINKING TOGETHER TO ILLUMINATE THE FUTURE THE VEOLIA INSTITUTE Designed as a platform for discussion and collective thinking, the Veolia Institute has been exploring the future at the crossroads between society and the environment since it was set up in 2001. Its mission is to think together to illuminate the future. Working with the global academic community, it facilitates multi-stakeholder analysis to explore emerging trends, particularly the environmental and societal challenges of the coming decades. It focuses on a wide range of issues related to the future of urban living as well as sustainable production and consumption (cities, urban services, environment, energy, health, agriculture, etc.). Over the years, the Veolia Institute has built up a high-level international network of academic and scientifi c experts, universities and research bodies, policymakers, NGOs, and international organizations. The Institute pursues its mission through high-level publications and conferences and foresight working groups. Internationally recognized as a legitimate platform for exploring global issues, the Veolia Institute has official NGO observer status under the terms of the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. THE FORESIGHT COMMITTEE Drawing on the expertise and international reputation of its members, the Foresight Committee guides the work of the Veolia Institute and steers its development. The current members of the Foresight Committee are: Harvey Fineberg, President of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and former President of the American Institute of Medicine; Pierre-Marc Johnson, international lawyer and former Premier of Quebec; Philippe Kourilsky, Honorary Director General of the Pasteur Institute; Mamphela Ramphele, former Managing Director of the World Bank; Amartya Sen, Nobel Prize-winning economist and Professor at Harvard University; and Nicholas Stern, Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics, Fellow of the British Academy and the Royal Society. Review coordinated by THE REVIEW Mathilde Martin-Moreau & David Ménascé, The Veolia Institute Review - FACTS Reports is a high-level international publication Archipel&Co. compiling diverse perspectives on topics at the crossroads between society and the environment. The review was launched in 2007 with the aim of sharing best practices from the fi eld, to help fi nd solutions to problems in the economy, development, healthcare, environment, agriculture and education, in both developing and developed countries. The interdisciplinary review is a vehicle for sharing the experiences and expertise of diff erent stakeholders (researchers, academic experts, policymakers, companies, NGOs, international organizations, etc.), with the aim of taking advantage of a diversity of perspectives on a given topic, by combining feedback on best practices from the fi eld and expert analysis. The articles are subject to a reading committee prior to publication. www.institut.veolia.org | THE VEOLIA INSTITUTE REVIEW - FACTS REPORTS CONTENTS The plurality of The challenges of P.02 P.03 2. urban agriculture 3. deploying urban models agriculture FOREWORD INTRODUCTION Pierre Marc Johnson Nicolas Renard P. 60 P. 94 Urban agriculture: Deploying urban agriculture boon or bust? solutions: a new off er Martin Stuchtey for regions? Tilmann Vahle Loïc Couttelle SYSTEMIQ 2EI Veolia 1. New agricultural purposes in the city P. 68 P. 98 Vertical farms, building a Building sustainable urban viable indoor farming model farms with government P. 06 P. 26 for cities support in Singapore Historical perspectives on the How the municipality of Dickson Despommier Bjorn Low ties between cities and food Quito supports vulnerable Columbia University, New York Edible Garden City Nicolas Bricas city dwellers through urban Cirad agriculture P. 74 P. 104 UNESCO Chair in World Alexandra Rodríguez Dueñas Permaculture and bio- Replicating positive-impact Food Systems AGRUPAR, intensive micro-agriculture: projects: the Open Team Damien Conaré City of Quito the Bec Hellouin farm model platform Montpellier SupAgro, Charles Hervé-Gruyer Sokha Hin UNESCO Chair in World Food Systems P. 32 Bec Hellouin farm Joanne Schanté Urban agriculture as a climate Open Team change and disaster risk P. 78 P. 12 reduction strategy Aquaponics: a positive impact P. 108 Urban agriculture in the Marielle Dubbeling circular economy approach to Urban agriculture and health: Global North & South: René van Veenhuizen feeding cities assessing risks and overseeing a perspective from FAO Jess Halliday practices Makiko Taguchi RUAF Foundation Steven Beckers Guido Santini BIGH (Building Integrated Christine Aubry GreenHouses) INRA/AgroParisTech Food and Agriculture P. 40 Organization (FAO) Nastaran Manouchehri The revival of urban P. 85 AgroParisTech agriculture: an opportunity P. 18 for the composting stream Recirculating aquaculture system-based salmon farming P. 112 Peri-urban agriculture: Marjorie Tendero Thomas Hofmann New technologies in support lessons learnt from Jakarta ESSCA of urban agriculture and Addis Ababa Carola Guyot Phung Swiss Alpine Fish Stephan Pauleit École Polytechnique Guillaume Fourdinier Technical University of Munich P. 88 Agricool Hany Abo El Wafa P. 52 Reappropriating urban space Technical University of Munich through community gardens P. 116 Using architecture Didit Okta Pribadi in Brazil Indonesian Institute to reconnect cities with nature Promoting access to produce Claudia Visoni sourced from urban agriculture: of Sciences, Jakarta Anthony Bechu the case of METRO and Infarm Clémence Bechu Urban farmer and journalist Gustavo Nagib Bechu & Associés Florian Cointet University of São Paulo Infarm France Flavien Sollet Marie Garnier METRO 01 THE VEOLIA INSTITUTE REVIEW - FACTS REPORTS FOREWORD Pierre Marc Johnson - Lawyer and international negotiator and former Prime Minister of Québec Chair of the Veolia Institute Foresight Committee With 9 billion people by ties and change people’s buying and consuming habits. But 2040, feeding the planet’s it is a movement that takes many forms and it is important population will be one of to distinguish between them, identifying the varied aims humanity’s greatest challenges. of its promoters: food self-suffi ciency and productivity in Under the combined weight highly built-up environments, short circuits and limited of mushrooming population environmental impacts, or simply rekindled social ties. growth, rapid urban expansion With this issue of its FACTS Reports, the Veolia Institute and the challenges raised by seeks to offer an analysis of the rise of urban agriculture the climate emergency, how we at the city and territorial levels (urban and peri-urban feed our cities is an increasingly agriculture), to understand the forces at work and the pressing concern. In 2050, 80% diversity of the actors involved, to show the types of issues of the world’s food will be that each form of urban agriculture can provide answers to consumed in cities. One current and, lastly, to highlight the conditions needed to scale up. trend is to bring food production closer to them. It is worth examining as it provides a solution to the problem of food This issue is divided into three sections: being transported great distances before finally arriving • the first sets out the background for the rise of urban at the retailer or consumer. This trend is reviving ancient agriculture in developed and emerging economies. After practices that existed back when cities were still places a look at the historical background, it then examines where agriculture could co-exist. In 19th century Paris, a few of the key issues raised by urban agriculture: market gardens made it possible to directly produce and ability to improve food autonomy, ties between city and consume within the city limits. territory, the role this new form of agriculture can play At the same time, another global challenge – the climate in combating the climate emergency, and the role of emergency – is increasingly forcing us to rethink our policymaking in its development in cities; resource management methods, including reimagining • section two identifi es diff erent types of urban agriculture, the ways that we grow or rear our food. Currently, seeking to highlight the various myths and realities food production is responsible for almost 25% of that surround the subject. The aim is to show the global greenhouse gas emissions, and poorly managed potential offered by each type of technology and what fertilization exacerbates pollution of the air, ground and can be expected of each form of agriculture in terms of water. We need to imagine an improved food production productivity,