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The Iucr Electronic Journal 1 The IUCr Electronic Journal BRIAN MCMAHON AND PETER R. STRICKLAND International Union of Crystallography, 5 Abbey Square, Chester CH1 2HU, England 1. Executive summary 5. Discussions into collaboration with other electronic pub- lishers have been held. It is recommended that such in- The March 1999 meeting of the Finance Committee requested quiries should continue with a view to: sharing the admin- the Chester Office to undertake a study into the provision of on- istrative workload; providing more flexible access mech- line versions of the IUCr journals and provide a demonstration anisms; improving hyperlinking to other journals and version of an IUCr journal for the Glasgow meeting. databases; increasing journal visibility. Since March, the Chester Editorial Office has been able to develop a pilot online journals service ‘Crystallography Jour- 6. The online journal resource should be extended from nals Online’. Members of the Finance and Executive Com- current issues to the complete back run of the journals mittees wishing to view the service should visit the URL through the following steps: http://journals.iucr.org/ The Chester Editorial Office recommends the launch of the (a) development of a database of metadata on all pub- service at the Glasgow Congress and immediate introduction of lished articles the service to print subscribers of the IUCr journals according (b) archival-quality digitisation of all back issues to the following model. (c) conversion to web-deliverable PDF files of all 1. SGML source files and high-resolution graphical images scanned articles for each published article are transformed to (a) fully- (d) registration of journals within the Digital Object navigable HTML and medium-resolution graphics files; Identifier (DOI) or other such systems (b) PDF page images, both accessible to registered sub- scribers. 7. A synergistic relationship should be developed with the 2. Subscribers to the journal must register with the service; existing pan-crystallographic web information services. It manual intervention will be required to validate the regis- is recommended that the journals service be named ‘Crys- tration against Munksgaard subscription records. A ben- tallography Journals Online’ and that the web services be eficial corollary of this is that we will gain up-to-date ac- re-badged as ‘Crystallography Online’ with similar de- cess to our subscription records. sign and livery. 3. The strategy for managing access should be elaborated, 8. For the long-term success of an IUCr hosted service, with respect to both the technical capabilities of the server it will be crucial to provide a critical mass of crystal- software and the desired business model. The recom- lographic information that is fully interlinked. Inquiries mended model is that a subscriber for the current year should proceed into collaboration with other publishers should have free access to all online issues of the journal; of crystallographic journals and databases on linking and but is barred completely should the subscription lapse. In possible inclusion of their information in the service (on addition it is recommended that investigations should be- a commercial basis). gin into the provision of pay-per-view access to individual articles. 9. The recommended timescale is 4. The public service should be made available through ei- (a) launch of the service from Chester as a pilot at the ther Glasgow Congress (b) enhancement of functionality, transfer to external (a) a new Chester server (Sun Ultra 10 workstation, or server (or installation of extra bandwidth at Chester) similar), subject to a substantial upgrade of access by 1 January 2000 to the Internet by way of the existing Internet Ser- vice Provider (ISP); (c) restriction of access to subscribers during 2000, but (b) an identical computer hosted by an external ISP. no later than 1 January 2001 Initial costs are similar; we recommend (b) to provide re- 10. Finally, the Editorial Office recommends that the intro- dundancy of service and externalise hardware support is- duction of the electronic service should be seen as an op- sues; but this may need to be balanced against possible portunity for the Executive Committee to review its pol- other arguments in favour of increasing the bandwidth at icy for providing low-cost access to our journals for sci- Chester. entists in developing countries. 2 THE IUCR ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 1.1. Financial implications 6. Possible costs for commercial secure web server: un- known; of order $ 2000? The bulk of the costs of R&D and editorial development can be borne within existing expenditure subject to the overall work- 7. Registration of trademark logos: ∼ £ 250 per decade per load; but it is possible that a need for more personnel will be- registered mark in the UK come apparent as the project matures. Two particular areas out- side our normal sphere of operations that may require staff en- It may also be beneficial to establish an enhanced promotions hancements are: the provision of end-user support; and the ad- budget. ministration of access controls on subscribers. Furthermore, as the experience and stature of the publishing Well defined costs are operation at Chester continue to grow, the Finance and Execu- tive Committees should begin to consider the merits and impli- 1. New server for development or hosting of the online jour- cations of moving responsibility for all aspects of journal pub- nals service: Sun Ultra 10 440 MHz workstation, 256 MB lishing (subscription fulfillment, warehousing and distribution memory, 18 GB hard disk: ∼ £ 8000 of the print edition) under the aegis of the Chester office. 2. (a) Bandwidth upgrade (64 kbps → 2 Mbps): installa- 1.2. Possible enhancements tion cost £ 8000; extra annual running cost £ 18 000; enhanced router ∼ £ 6000 As the project matures, and especially if it proves popular, there will be ample scope to increase its functionality. Some (b) or facilities-managed hosting service on 10 Mbps possible future developments with likely financial implications backbone: setup cost £ 1500; annual running cost include in the range (probably at the upper end) £ 11 000– 23 000; the cost depends on the particular configura- 1. Hyperlinking to other publishers’ online services; to tion: the highest-performance option would employ citations and abstracts databases; to related scientific the same hardware as requested for Chester in item databases. (1) above 2. E-commerce delivery of individual articles. 3. Additional hard-disk storage for back articles ∼ £ 8000 1.3. Acta Crystallographica Section C 4. Registration of DOI: $ 1000 Acta Crystallographica Section C does not fit completely into 5. Possible registration of other second-level Internet do- the system developed for the other journals. A study will be un- main names: $ 50 per year per domain dertaken to explore how best to integrate Acta C. 2. Introduction redistributing such knowledge. The IUCr is particularly well placed to accommodate many of There is a general perception among publishers of scientific lit- the requirements and expectations of readers in this electronic erature that their publications should be available to readers and era. It owns a stable of exceptional journals; it has pioneered subscribers in an electronic form. Direct pressure from readers, the use of data exchange mechanisms for the archival, transfer acceptance by librarians of the need to handle non-print me- and publication of structure reports; it has close ties with the dia, the availability of the corpus of current titles from a num- providers of major structural databases. It has a skilled editorial ber of established publishers, and competition from new jour- and technical staff; it exercises the highest standards of quality nals launched in electronic-only form, have all contributed to control; and it already manages a rich and powerful series of the sense that offering electronic versions of the primary scien- web information services. tific literature is not only desirable, but essential to the survival Experience with using third parties to host electronic versions of the publishing enterprise. of the IUCr journals has proved disappointing. The Editorial Of- It is also clear that the rapid growth of the Internet and the fice in Chester was asked by the Finance Committee to explore World Wide Web have shifted the focus of ‘electronic’ pub- the requirements for itself hosting the electronic journals. This lishing away from the provision of a local archival version on report is the outcome of that exploration. a physical medium such as CD-ROM, to the provision of a network-accessible version fully capable of hyperlinking to re- 3. Strategy Review lated publications. Indeed, so rich is the treasury of knowledge already accessible on the Web that there is a growing feeling The exercise of reviewing the requirements of an electronic among users that they should enjoy instant and uninhibited ac- journal has been very instructive, both in inventorying the ex- cess to all of human knowledge – an aspiration that shows little tensive progress we have already made towards the goal, and regard for the real costs of collecting, organising, storing and in clarifying the benefits of a distinctive and extensive service THE IUCR ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 3 which we can manage and promote under its own identity. • installation fee: £ 1500 Appendix 1 outlines the major design objectives behind the • annual running costs: £ 23 000 service we are capable of providing, and consider useful to pro- vide. It summarises the
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