The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Volume 9 Number 1 Fall 2015 -

1-1-2015

Do Effectively Promote Wellbeing?

Tzvi H. Adams Touro College

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Part of the Alternative and Complementary Medicine Commons

Recommended Citation Adams, T. H. (2015). Do Probiotics Effectively Promote Wellbeing?. The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences, 9(1). Retrieved from https://touroscholar.touro.edu/sjlcas/vol9/iss1/13

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Lander College of Arts and Sciences at Touro Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences by an authorized editor of Touro Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Do Probiotics Effectively Promote Wellbeing? ByTzvi H. Adams Tzvi H. Adams will graduate in January 2016 with a BS Honors degree in Biology.

Abstract Probiotics have been commonly ascribed many therapeutic powers. The aim of this review is to investigate these claims. While some of the claims are well supported by research, the effects of probiotics are very specific and depend on the strains used as well as the disease or condition targeted. Age and racial ethnicity may also be factors impacting the efficacy of strains.

Introduction health promoting from the family. In recent years, probiotic supplements and probiotic According to very recent research, babies acquire stomach bac- have become increasingly popular pharmacy and grocery items. teria from their mothers even before birth. In healthy human fe- Proponents posit that these live cultures of beneficial bacteria tuses, bacteria have been detected in umbilical cord blood, fetal counteract the negative effects of antibiotics and decreased mi- membranes, and amniotic fluid, supporting the notion of bac- crobial exposure of modern life, while others are skeptical of terial transmission through the placental barrier. Furthermore, these relatively new products and claims. the meconium (ingested amniotic fluid) from newborns has been shown to be non-sterile, home to a complex community Every human gut contains millions of bacteria from hundreds of of microbes, including Enterococci and Escherichia, commonly species which aid in digestion and promote health. These bac- found in the adult GI tract. Therefore, even babies born by cae- teria are healthy bacteria and are very important to one’s well- sarean section are born with microbiomes, despite lacking the being. Western, developed countries successfully controlled in- vaginal exposure (Funkhouser and Bordenstein 2013). fectious diseases during the last century by improving sanitation and using antibiotics and vaccines. At the same time, a rise in dis- Diversity between ethnic groups eases such as allergies, autoimmune disorders, and inflammato- While 90% of all people’s gut biome is similar, the bacteria spe- ry bowel disease has been observed in both adults and children, cies and proportions vary between races and ethnic groups. A and it is hypothesized that improvements in hygiene, decreased study published in 2010 comparing rural children of Burkina microbial exposure in childhood, and decreased maintenance of Faso, Africa, with children in the modern and developed city microflora are responsible for this increase. In 1907, the Russian of Florence, Italy, showed that Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes zoologist Élie Metchnikoff was the first one to suggest that gut were abundant in the microbiota of the African children and that microbes may influence human health (Britannica). the specific types that were increased were well suited to ex- tract nutrition from the