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Tattoo Complications Van Der Bent, Sebastiaan Alain Servé VU Research Portal Tattoo complications van der Bent, Sebastiaan Alain Servé 2021 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) van der Bent, S. A. S. (2021). Tattoo complications: Diagnosis and treatment. s.n. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 TATTOO COMPLICATIONS : Diagnosis and treatment TATTOO COMPLICATIONS Diagnosis and treatment S.A.S. van der Bent Sebastiaan van der Bent TATTOO COMPLICATIONS Diagnosis and treatment Sebastiaan Alain Servé van der Bent De afbeelding op de omslag van dit proefschrift is gemaakt door Henk Schiffmacher (betrokken bij opening van de Tattoo poli in 2017) in samenwerking met Herman Brood. Het kunstwerk, genaamd Fisherman’s Friend, is gemaakt in 2007. De afbeelding behelst een lichaam gemaakt in de karakteristieke stijl van Brood, met hierop tatoeages in de stijl van Schiffmacher. Dit alles op een achtergrond met een veelbesproken en omstreden kleur: rood. VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT The image on the cover of this thesis is made by Henk Schiffmacher (involved in the opening of the Tattoo Clinic in 2017) in collaboration with Herman Brood. This work of art, called ‘Fishermans Friend’, was produced in 2007. The illustration beholds a body made in the typical style of Brood, which contains tattoos made in the style of Schiffmacher. The background of the illustration is TATTOO COMPLICATIONS the much-discussed and controversial colour: red. Gepubliceerd met toestemming van de uitgever/artiest. Diagnosis and treatment Published with consent of the artist/publisher. ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geneeskunde op vrijdag 9 april 2021 om 11.45 uur Tattoo complications: diagnosis and treatment in de aula van de universiteit, ISBN/EAN: 978-94-93197-49-7 De Boelelaan 1105 Copyright © 2021 S.A.S. van der Bent All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any way of by any means without the prior permission of the author, or when applicable, of the publishers of the scientific papers. Layout and printing: Off page, www.offpage.nl Contact details Tattoo poli, Alrijne Ziekenhuis Houtlaan 55, 2334 CK Leiden door [email protected] Sebastiaan Alain Servé van der Bent Financial support for printing this thesis was generously provided by: www.tattoopoli.nl, Huidstichting Chanfleury van IJsselstein, Bayer BV (Bepanthen), Pigmentfonds geboren te Bergen op Zoom Nederland (pigmentfonds.nl), BAP Medical BV, La Roche-Posay, Viatris BV, Van der Bend BV, Pfizer BV, Beiersdorf NV (Eucerin), Galderma Benelux BV, Almirall BV, Vitiligo.nl, Tobrix BV, Psoriasispatiënten Nederland, BlooMEDical Benelux BV, Berg Care, Lichen Planus Vereniging Nederland, Laservision instruments BV, Flen Health, 4C Creative Cad Cam Consultants, Bundesverband Tattoo e.V., Tattooland, LEV Medische Groothandel BV, Nederlands PMU Congres 2021, Olmed, ild care foundation (www. ildcare.nl), Chipsoft, LEO Pharma BV, Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden, Dalton Medical BV (Medical & Aesthetic lasers), Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Psoriasis VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT TATTOO COMPLICATIONS Diagnosis and treatment ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geneeskunde op vrijdag 9 april 2021 om 11.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Sebastiaan Alain Servé van der Bent geboren te Bergen op Zoom promotor: prof.dr. T. Rustemeyer paranimfen: drs. J.J.W.M. Brouwers A.A.W. van der Bent, MSc copromotor: dr. A. Wolkerstorfer overige leden: prof.dr. R. Hoekzema prof.dr. P.W.B. Nanayakkara prof.dr. M.R. van Dijk dr. M.C. Leger dr. I.J. Schornagel dr. E.M. de Boer dr. C. de Cuyper promotor: prof.dr. T. Rustemeyer paranimfen: drs. J.J.W.M. Brouwers A.A.W. van der Bent, MSc copromotor: dr. A. Wolkerstorfer overige leden: prof.dr. R. Hoekzema prof.dr. P.W.B. Nanayakkara prof.dr. M.R. van Dijk dr. M.C. Leger dr. I.J. Schornagel dr. E.M. de Boer dr. C. de Cuyper TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 General introduction 9 PART I CLINICAL ASPECTS 37 Chapter 2 Red tattoo reactions, a prospective cohort on 39 clinical aspects Chapter 3 Tattoos and self-reported adverse events in 47 sarcoidosis patients Chapter 4 Granulomatous tattoo reactions in permanent 55 makeup of the eyebrows PART II DIAGNOSTICS AND PATHOMECHANISM 63 Chapter 5 Histopathology of red tattoo reactions 65 Chapter 6 Comparison of the skin sensitization potential of 81 five red and black tattoo inks using IL-18 biomarker in a Reconstructed Human Skin model Chapter 7 Quantification of cutaneous allergic reactions using 103 3D optical imaging: A feasibility study PART III TREATMENT 121 Chapter 8 Ablative laser surgery for allergic tattoo reactions: 123 a retrospective study Chapter 9a Granulomatous tattoo reaction with associated 139 uveitis successfully treated with methotrexate Chapter 9b Allergic reaction to red cosmetic lip tattoo 147 treated with hydroxychloroquine. Chapter 9c Spontaneous resolution of multidrug-resistant 155 Mycobacterium abscessus infection in tattoo Chapter 10 General discussion 163 Chapter 11 General summary 183 Algemene samenvatting 189 Appendices PhD Portfolio 195 Dankwoord 203 List of publications 208 Curriculum vitae 213 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Sebastiaan A.S. van der Bent Partially covered in: Huisman S, van der Bent SAS, Maijer KI, Tio D, Rustemeyer T. Cutaneous non- allergic complications in tattoos: an overview of the literature. PRESSE MEDICALE. 2020 Dec;49(4). GENERAL INTRODUCTION GENERAL INTRODUCTION Tattoos: definition, usage and incidence 1 Body art involves decorating the skin of the human body. Forms of body art include tattoos, piercings, scarification, subdermal implants (also called beadings or boegroes), shaping, body painting, tongue splitting or elf ears. Tattoos are one of the most popular forms of body art. It is defined as creatinga permanent design by placing exogenous pigment particles and additives into the dermis.1 The demand, and sometimes need for tattoos should not be underestimated. In the last decades, tattoos have become more popular. In Europe and the USA the overall prevalence of tattoos in the population is around 10-20% and rising.2-10 The percentage of tattooed Europeans increased from 5-10% in 2003 to 12% in 2016.11 Also, in the USA, an increase of tattooing is reported. Data from the Harris Poll survey from 2003 showed that 16% of the Americans was tattooed; in 2015 this percentage rose to 29%.12 In the Netherlands, 8-12% of the population older than 12 years has a tattoo.13 In the past, tattoos were associated with sailors, criminals, soldiers and prostitutes. Also, tattooing was more prevalent among men. However, this all has changed over the last decades. Nowadays, in the Netherlands and several other countries, women (60%) are more frequently tattooed than men (40%).13 Furthermore, the uses of tattoos are broadened, for example permanent makeup: tattooing of the eyeliner, lips, lipliner or eyebrows. Tattoos are not only used for decorative reasons, but also for several medical purposes: nipple areola tattooing after breast cancer surgery, radiology markings, camouflage of scars or even medical marking of colon- or oral mucosa. In general, tattooing is considered to be safe. However, different complications can occur. The exact incidence of tattoo complications is unknown. Furthermore, despite its popularity, little is known about the clinical spectrum, pathogenesis and treatment of dermatological and systemic tattoo complications. Nonetheless, it is important for clinicians to timely identify and treat these complications. The literature consists of only few original studies regarding tattoo complications of which most are case-reports and case-series. Moreover, in the last decades there has been changes in the composition of the inks as well as a great shift in the international tattoo industry. Inorganic tattoo pigments, such as heavy metals, have been widely replaced by organic pigments such as azo pigments. The results of the shift in tattoo inks regarding tattoo complications is unknown.14,15 Currently, safety of tattoos and permanent make-up is discussed in the EU, mainly focused on content analysis of tattoo inks.16-19 However little research has been performed about the impact, nature and number of complications that occur associated with tattooing.
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