Pandeiro Brasileiro: Transformações Técnicas E Estilísticas Conduzidas Por Jorginho Do Pandeiro E Marcos Suzano

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Pandeiro Brasileiro: Transformações Técnicas E Estilísticas Conduzidas Por Jorginho Do Pandeiro E Marcos Suzano EDUARDO MARCEL VIDILI PANDEIRO BRASILEIRO: TRANSFORMAÇÕES TÉCNICAS E ESTILÍSTICAS CONDUZIDAS POR JORGINHO DO PANDEIRO E MARCOS SUZANO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música, do Centro de Artes da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Música. Área de concentração: Musicologia/Etnomusicologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz Henrique Fiaminghi FLORIANÓPOLIS 2017 V653p Vidili, Eduardo Marcel Pandeiro brasileiro: transformações técnicas e estilísticas conduzidas por Jorginho do Pandeiro e Marcos Suzano / Eduardo Marcel Vidili. - 2017. 228 p. il.; 29 cm Orientador: Luiz Henrique Fiaminghi Bibliografia: p. 217-225 Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Artes, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Música, Florianópolis, 2017. 1. Instrumentos (Música). 2. Pandeiro brasileiro. 3. Organologia. I. Fiaminghi, Luiz Henrique. II. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. III. Título. CDD: 784.19 – 20.ed. Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da Udesc AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu pai, Geraldo, e à minha mãe, Josephina, minha primeira professora de música. Aos meus irmãos, Geraldo, Ana Lucia e Antonio Carlos. Ao meu orientador, professor Luiz Henrique Fiaminghi, pela abordagem sempre entusiasmada e rica em insights. Aos professores membros da banca de defesa desta dissertação, Rodrigo Gudin Paiva e Pedro de Moura Aragão, pelo detalhe e cuidado com que leram meu trabalho e pelas sugestões incorporadas ao texto final. Ao professor Tiago de Oliveira Pinto, membro da banca de qualificação da dissertação. À Capes (Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), pela bolsa de estudos concedida durante o período do Mestrado. A Jorginho do Pandeiro e Marcos Suzano, por sua música. Pela grande presteza com que participaram desta pesquisa, por meio de seus depoimentos: além de já admirá-los como artistas, conheci também, com satisfação, seu lado humano. Aos músicos Celsinho Silva, Bernardo Aguiar, Barão do Pandeiro e Vina Lacerda, pela gentileza dos depoimentos fundamentais concedidos a esta pesquisa, plenos em conhecimento. A Jorge Gomes, pelas informações fornecidas a respeito de seu pai, o pandeirista Risadinha. Aos docentes do PPGMUS. Aos colegas do Mestrado, em especial aos membros da “Família Concórdia”, parceiros na inesquecível participação no congresso de estudos de música popular em Havana: Mariana Teófilo, Luciano Candemil e Natália Livramento, amiga pra vida toda. Aos amigos que, de variadas maneiras, auxiliaram esta pesquisa: Marco Lorenzo e Fernanda Bauzys (incentivadores temporões); Jorge Linemburg; Silvana Leal; Pedro Moita; Katiusca Lamara; Luiz Antonio de Almeida (MIS-RJ); Osvaldo Pomar (inclusive pela atuação como “modelo fotográfico”); Alexandre Damaria; Marcelo Portela; Luis Canela (pelo auxílio com as transcrições do violão de Lenine). À Nira Pomar, pelas fotos, tratamento gráfico das partituras, formatação e revisão do texto e, mais que tudo, pelo amor. RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem o intuito de investigar transformações técnicas e estilísticas verificadas em um tipo de pandeiro brasileiro, conhecido como pandeiro de couro ou pandeiro de choro. Associadas a desenvolvimentos tecnológicos de amplo impacto social, sobretudo nos contextos urbanos, como a fonografia e a radiofonia, estas transformações remontam a meados do século XX e seus desdobramentos se estendem até os dias atuais. A pesquisa se desenvolve com foco nas trajetórias artísticas de dois pandeiristas, Jorginho do Pandeiro e Marcos Suzano, pertencentes a diferentes gerações e reconhecidos por seus pares como inovadores estilísticos deste instrumento. O trabalho baseia-se em pesquisa documental e em entrevistas feitas de acordo com a abordagem da história oral. Performances fonográficas de ambos os músicos investigados, assim como execuções coletadas durante as entrevistas, foram transcritas e analisadas, com o intuito de compreender suas concepções musicais, com especial interesse na observação dos padrões motores por eles empregados para ordenar os padrões sonoros resultantes. Palavras-chave: Pandeiro brasileiro. Jorginho do Pandeiro. Marcos Suzano. Instrumentos musicais. Organologia. ABSTRACT This research aims to investigate technical and stylistic transformations verified in a Brazilian pandeiro (tambourine) type known as pandeiro de couro (leather tambourine) or pandeiro de choro (choro tambourine). Associated with technological developments of broad social impact, especially in urban contexts, such as phonography and radio, these transformations date back to the middle of the twentieth century and its deployments extend to current days. The research focuses on the artistic trajetories of two pandeiro players, Jorginho do Pandeiro and Marcos Suzano, belonging to different generations and recognized by their peers as stylistic innovators of this instrument. The work is based on documental research and interviews made according to oral history approach. Phonographic performances of both the musicians, as well as performances collected during the interviews, were transcribed and analyzed in order to understand their musical conceptions, with special interest in observing the motor patterns used by them to ordenate the resulting sound patterns. Keywords: Brazilian pandeiro. Brazilian tambourine. Jorginho do Pandeiro. Marcos Suzano. Musical instruments. Organology. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Pandeiro de choro ou de couro ................................................................................ 59 Figura 2 - Corpo do pandeiro de choro..................................................................................... 60 Figura 3 - Par de platinelas, abafador interno e pino ................................................................ 61 Figura 4 – Platinelas montadas no casco do instrumento, com abafador externo .................... 61 Figura 5 – Pele de pandeiro de couro caprino .......................................................................... 62 Figura 6 - Pele de pandeiro sintética ........................................................................................ 62 Figura 7 - Partes componentes do mecanismo de afinação ...................................................... 63 Figura 8 - Mecanismo de afinação montado no instrumento ................................................... 63 Figura 9 - Pandeiro brasileiro sustentado horizontalmente ...................................................... 66 Figura 10 - Frame drum estilo oriental sustentado verticalmente ............................................ 66 Figura 11 - Partes de cima e de baixo, da mão e do pandeiro .................................................. 68 Figura 12 - Capa do número 7 da Revista da Música Popular, com desenho representando Pixinguinha, Donga e João da Baiana. .................................................................. 83 Figura 13 - Coluna de Ary Vasconcelos em O Cruzeiro, com a eleição dos “melhores instrumentistas” de 1955........................................................................................ 83 Figura 14 - João da Baiana ....................................................................................................... 85 Figura 15 - Russo do Pandeiro em cena de A song is born (EUA, 1948, direção de Howard Hawks). .................................................................................................................. 87 Figura 16 - Início da vida profissional de Jorginho (c. 1944), com Lino (cavaquinho), Altamiro Carrilho (flauta), Jorge Roberto (violão) e a dupla de cantoras “Garotas Tropicais”. ............................................................................................................. 91 Figura 17 - Canhoto e seu Regional: Carlos Poyares (flauta), Canhoto (cavaquinho), Jorginho do Pandeiro, Meira (violão), Orlando Silveira (acordeom) e Dino 7 Cordas ........ 92 Figura 18 - Jorge Silva: integrante de um “verdadeiro selecionado”, segundo o Correio da Manhã de 1958 ...................................................................................................... 97 Figura 19 - Obtenção do som grave do pandeiro pelas partes de baixo e de cima da mão .... 106 Figura 20 – Dedo médio da mão que sustenta abafando e soltando a pele ............................ 107 Figura 21 - Toques feitos na borda do pandeiro para obter som de platinelas ....................... 107 Figura 22 - Sequência de quatro movimentos da condução do pandeiro no choro ................ 111 Figura 23 - Tapa executado pela mão inteira ......................................................................... 114 Figura 24 - Etapas do rulo de polegar obtido por João da Baiana, segundo Jorginho do Pandeiro ................................................................................................................ 116 Figura 25 - Som grave obtido por Risadinha, segundo Jorginho do Pandeiro........................ 119 Figura 26 - Sequência de movimentos do rulo curto realizado por Jorginho do Pandeiro ..... 126 Figura 27 - O grupo Aquarela Carioca: Paulo Muylaert, Mario Sève, Lui Coimbra, Paulo Brandão e Marcos Suzano .................................................................................... 155 Figura 28 - Tapa executado com o polegar no centro da pele ................................................ 161 Figura 29 - Rulo obtido pela fricção do dedo médio .............................................................. 161 Figura 30 – Realização
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