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USE OF NARRATIVE STYLE IN BROADCAST NEWS JENNIFER KRISTIN LONG MAY 2013 Randy Reeves, Chair Kent Collins Greeley Kyle To my parents: Thank you for being the rock I know I can turn to for emotional, mental and financial guidance. If it weren’t for you two I might be in a ditch in Kansas somewhere because I didn’t have the cash to rotate my tires before road tripping across the heartland. Thank you for paying for my hotel in Madison and my gas in Minneapolis. Your faith in me and in this project is what made it special. If it weren’t for your investment it just wouldn’t have been possible and for that I’m extremely thankful. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4,500 miles, countless coffees and one too many karaoke sessions later, this project turned out being much more than I ever thought it could be. I went to places I never thought I would go and met so many great journalists I never dreamed of talking to in person. From knocking on trailer doors in Beloit, Wisconsin, to hiking through the muddy trails of Big South Fork Tennessee, this project let me see some of the best journalists and storytellers at work. Even the dream of doing this project would not have been possible without the support and love of my family, friends and the faculty members at the University of Missouri School of Journalism. The biggest support came from my graduate faculty committee members. I truly believe I had the best committee a girl could ever ask for. I was blessed with a committee that had a healthy balance of people who pushed me when I needed to work harder, made me laugh when I took myself (and this project) too seriously and gave me the kindest and most sincere listening ear when I thought I couldn’t make any of this happen. If it weren’t for these three wonderful professors this project topic wouldn’t have even been a thought of mine. To Randy Reeves: Thank you for your support and guidance throughout the inner workings of this crazy maze. When I thought about whom I could trust and feel comfortable working on this project with, you were the one who came to mind. Your faith that this project would eventually come together helped me believe it would too. I can’t thank you enough for connecting me with some of the best journalists around. Your dedication to keeping the Mizzou Mafia strong and making iii students at Missouri some of the best young journalists in the country couldn’t be more inspiring and exciting. Thank you for helping me realize just what this project could be and for giving me the freedom to pursue this crazy idea. To Greeley Kyle: Thank you for helping me discover this project. Your words of wisdom will never leave me. “If you do something you’re interested in you’ll enjoy it much more.” That advice carried me through this project and has spurred my excitement for the road ahead. Thank you for your encouraging emails while I was on the road. When I told people I got a “great job” from Greeley, well, needless to say they were impressed, not because of what I did, but because they know that means something coming from you. Thank you for being tough on all of us. The fact that many of the journalists who participated in my research mentioned your name as an influence or a mentor is no coincidence. Your love for teaching and your love for this work have made many what they are today. To Kent Collins: Thank you for giving me the opportunity to work on your innovative project. Your drive to do something so groundbreaking is impressive for many people in the industry. But for those of us who know just what it took to get Stay Tuned on the air, your work this year has been amazing. Thank you for teaching me that there is so much more to reporting than interviewing the suits and the scarves. It’s about the people who are living this life. Thank you for believing in this kind of journalism and believing that I could do something like this. Your love for life reminds me how wonderful this business can be, and also how important it is to have a world outside of work. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ..................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter: 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 2. PROFESSIONAL SKILLS COMPONENT ......................................................................... 4 Proposal .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Weekly Reports ................................................................................................................................ 6 3. PROJECT EVALUATION ................................................................................................. 23 Personal Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 23 Supervisor Evaluation - KETC ................................................................................................... 26 Supervisor Evaluation - KOMU ................................................................................................. 27 4. PROOF OF WORK ............................................................................................................ 28 Work at KOMU ................................................................................................................................ 28 Work at KETC ................................................................................................................................. 53 5. RESEARCH COMPONENT .............................................................................................. 59 Proposal ........................................................................................................................................... 59 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................................. 62 History of the Narrative in Historical Literature and Journalism ................................ 65 Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 67 v Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 71 Recruitment and Interview Process ....................................................................................... 75 Definition of Narrative Storytelling ........................................................................................ 79 Use of Narrative ............................................................................................................................. 86 Objectivity in Narrative ............................................................................................................... 91 Conclusions, Research Limitations and Future Research ................................................ 95 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................. 100 A. Interview Notes KOMU Gun Crime. ................................................................................... 100 B. Interview Notes KETC Arts. ................................................................................................. 107 C. Interview Notes KETC Secondary Education ................................................................. 109 D. Interview Notes KETC Arch Tax ......................................................................................... 116 E. Original Approved Proposal ................................................................................................ 119 F. List of Questions for Interviewees ..................................................................................... 139 G. Campus Institutional Review Board (IRB) Documentation ..................................... 140 H. Changes to Project .................................................................................................................. 152 I. Andy Choi Interview Transcript, February 17, 2013 ................................................... 155 J. Boyd Huppert Interview Transcript, March 14, 2013 ................................................. 163 K. Chris Vanderveen Interview Transcript, March 26, 2013 ........................................ 172 L. Fritz Wetherbee Interview Transcript, January 7, 2013 ........................................... 180 M. Jana Shortal Interview Transcript, March 15, 2013 ................................................... 190 N. Jeremy Nichols Interview Transcript, February 18, 2013 ........................................ 199 O. Jim Matheny Interview Transcript, March 19, 2013 ................................................... 207 P. John Ferrugia Interview Transcript, March 25, 2013 ................................................. 213 Q. Kevin Torres Interview Transcript, March 26, 2013 .................................................