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ED 077=656 SE 015 656 AUTHOR Novak, Joseph D. TITLE Facilities for Secondary School Science Teaching. Evolving Patterns in Facilities and Programs. INSTITUTION National Science Teachers Association, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 72 NOTE 173p. AVAILABLE FROMNSTA, 1201 Sixteenth Street, NA., Washington, D.C. 16 (Cloth $15.00 Stock No. 471-14636,Paper $12.50 Stock No. 471-14638, quantity discounts)

_EDRS PRICE MF-S0.65 BC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIFTORS *Architectural Elements; *Faci)lity Guidelines; Facility Requirements; Lighting Design; Science Education; *Science Facilities; Secondary Schools; *Space Classification; Student Teacher Relationship

ABSTRACT A future-oriented report on secondary school science facilities is presented in this book by the National Science Teachers Association tc provide assistance-in school design. Examplar facilities of more than 140 observed schools are analyzed in connection with the social influendes on science education and the evolving patterns in techfibldgy, instructional programs, and student-staff relations. Detailed descriptions are made in terms of instructional space, construction requirements, and management of instructional materials. The trend toward flexibility is emphasized in dealing with aspects of acoustics, internal walls, visual' considerations, room furnishings, student groupings, utilities, and safety. Individual learner's needs are described asa major criterion, and consultations with architects are taken into account. The findings are summarized into: 1) Location of science facilities, 2) Alternative arrangement of facilities, 3) Laboratory furnishings, 4) Supply logistics, 5) Technological support, 6) Human environment, and 7) Community resource utilization. Besides illustrations,an annotated bibliography, a nomination form, and tables of environmental criteria are included in the appendices. The work of the Study Team was financially supported by the. National Science Foundation. (CC) tx

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Facilities Evolving Patterns for Secondary School in Facilities and Programs Science Teaching

Report of a study condubted bythe National Science TeacheitAilociation Joseph D. Novak with-financial support from the:- Project Director and Author National Science Foundation

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National Science Teachers Association Washington, D.C. PERMISSION TO COPY4IGHTED mATElpiAtREPRODUCE Ti.a BY MICRO FICHE ONLY HAS N -5TBEEN GRANTED BY TO Epic ANDOROANi2ATlO,A---- *NG UNDER AGREEMENTS OPERAT WITH THE NA TIONAL INSTITuTEor EDUCATION FURTHER REPRODUCTiON THE ERIC SYSTENI. OUTSIDE SIGN OF THE COP YRREQUIRES PERMIS -:HT OWNER

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National Science Teachers Association 1201 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036

Design: Strong Cohen Moore Ziegelmeier Typesetting: Typographic Art Printing: Waverly Press, Inc. Contents 3

5Study Team 6Board-of Consultantt 7Foreword 9Preface 12 Acknowledgments

13Part 1: Interpretations of Secondary School SciencePrograms

611-4*.gz 14 Chapter 1: Societal Influences on Science EducationPrograms 18 Chapter 2: &diving Patterns in Secondary SchoolScience 20 Patterns in Facilities 24 Patterns in Technology 28 Patterns in the Science Instruction Program 32 Patterns in Student-Staff Relations 36 How to Use the Evolving Patterns 39 Self-Apptaisal

40 Part 2: Design Considerations for Secondary Schools

41introduction 42 Chapter 3: Instructional Space 44 Laboratory Space 54 Lecture-Discussion Space 60Individual and Small-Group Study Areas 65Integrated Learning Areas 72 Areas for Special Projects and Special Purposes 82 Chapter 4: Construction Details 84 Acoustics 89Internal Walls 95 Visual Considerations 97 Room Furnishings _ 103Facilities for Independent Study, Group Study,-andTechnologically Mediated Study 106Utilities 109Total Energy: Eleatricity, Heating, and Air Conditioning 110Safety 114 Chapter 5: Management of InstructionalMaterials in the School 116Libraries and Resource Centers, 118 ,Supply Logistics 131 Dial-Accegs and Other TechnologicalSupport Systems 143Special Resources 144 Chapter 6: Conclusions

153. Part 3: Bibliography Appendices

154Rete4epces,Cited 156 Annotated Bibliography 162Nomination Form 163List of Schools and Facilities Visited 163AlphabWrical Listing 168Listing by Regions and States 170Environmental Criteria Study Team

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Project Director, Writer-Editor: Joseph D. Novak Professor and Chairman, Science Education Cornell University Ithaca, New York

Project Associate K. Michael Hibbard Greenwich Public Schools Greenwich, Connecticut

Study Team Walter R. Brown Science Coordinator Albemarle County Schools Albemarle County, Virginia

Carl W. Clader Head of Science Department New Trier Township High SchoolEast Winnetka, Illinois

Phyllis L. Magat Director of Instruction Alfred I. DuPont School District Wilmington, Delaware

Albert L. Powers Head of Science Department Timber lane Regional High School Plaistow, New Hampshire

Leslie W. Trowbridge Chairman, Department of Science Education University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado

Robert C. Whitney Professor of Physical Science California State College, Hayward Hayward, California_ 6 Board of Consultant

William A. Bost Reuben Pierce Superintendent of Schools Supervising Director, Department of Science Bethlehem Area School District Public Schools of the District of Columbia Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Washington, D.C.

Kenneth Greisen Robert Sund Professor of Physics Professor, Science Education Department Cornell University University of Northern Colorado Ithaca, New York Greeley, Colorado

Will Hon Bill W. Tillery Director, Marine Science Project Associate Professor of Natural Science Carteret County Board of Education The University of Wyoming Beaufort, North Carolina Laramie, Wyoming

Evelyn Hurlburt Professor of Biology Montgomery College Takoma Park, Maryland

Philip G. Johnson Professor emeritus, Science Education Cornell University Ithaca, New York

G. Richard Kay Idaho State Department of Education Boise, Idaho

John C. Kraft Chairman, Department of Vo logy University of Delaware Newark, Delaware

W. T. Lippincott Professor of Chemistry The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio

Hermon M. Parker Professor of Aerospace University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia

Carl H. Pfeiffer Chairman, Science Department Monona Grove High School Monona, Wisconsin 7 Foeeword

To provide assistance in the design of secondary school The Association is pleased now to make this report science facilities, the National Science Teachers available to teachers, school administrators, architects, Association in 1954 published its first book on facilities, and others who help to plan the design of physical facilities School Facilities for Science Instruction. This book was as well as the programs of science in our schools. modified and updated in 1961. Although subsequently the Association published several related pamphlets, it We recognize thatnot all facilities could be included in became evident by the end of the decade that a new and the study, and, quite possibly tome promising innovations substantially different report was needed on secondary may have been overlooked. Nevertheless, we believe that school science facilities. Moreover, the rapid changes the study team has assembled a representative report ot occurring in schools and the likely prospect that both facilities and innovations in science programs. NSTA innovations in programs and curricula will Increase during will welcome suggestions and comments on this report, for the 70s indicated a need for a report based on a study ot these will prove useful in future publications relating to trends in the design and use of facilities. facilities end programs