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The Church of Scotland, Past and Present : Its 7fi2. v3 '^i*fiti^'-'--^ati In compliance with current cop\Tight law, LBS Archival Products produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984 to replace the irreparablv deteriorated original. 1993 _^ TM (00) CQ Q — W *^?^ CO H CO THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, PAST AND present: ITS HISTORY, ITS RELATION TO THE LAW AND THE STATE, ITS DOCTRINE, RITUAL, DISCIPLINE, AND PATRIMONY. EDITED BY EGBERT HERBERT STORY, D.D. [Edin.] F.S.A., PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY" OF GLASGOW, AND ONE OF HER MAJESTV'S CHAPLAINS. LONDON: WILLIAM MACKENZIE, 69 LUDGATE HILL, E.G. EDIKBUr.GH. GLASGOW, & DUBLIN. (BORN I59S BEHEADED 1661' FROM THE ORIGINAL FAINTING AT IKVERARV CASTLE miL^ i\ [PL E V ^^ >', I T .704- IJ I V E R S £ C' ' ^ E V R-G-H N K E \^" . Yi' L L 17 4-. I T Y. N I V E R S PRINCIPAL OOF E D I N E U R-G-.H,--U E^ = IE) o Fc E V . © fE (0' K. 3 1 M C L L . I^ei-I8'9 PRINCIPAL OF S- MARY'S COLLEOE S^ ANDREWS, FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY SIR. H RAEBURN j:l IE S p E c E :F^ S y c T iK! © M A S S [K! A L E FRON" THE 9RIGIMAL PAINTINO JN POSSESSION OF H!S FAMILY < p w < c % THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, BOOK IV. THE CHURCH FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT TIME. BY Key. T. B. AV. NIVEK BOOK IV. FROM THE TvEVOLUTION (1GS8) TO THE TRESENT TIME. CllArTEK XIX. the Pnnce of Oranjie—Disturbances— Rabbling the Joy of the country at tlie landing of The king leaves curates—The kings difficulties—Carstares—Uishop Kose in London— Estates—Meeting of the Convention the question of the Church to the Convention of Claim of Right- —Deposition of James— Offer of the crown to William and Mary— Claverhouse— Parlia- William's conscientiousness— Cameronian regiment—Death of 1690— Westminster ,Tient—Episcopacy abolished—Church of Scotland re-established meets —W illiam s Confession adopted — Patronage abolished — General Assembly be admitted—Commissions appointed desire that the Episcopalian ministers should to admit —Their stringency—Episcopalians appeal to the king— Assembly hesitates the date of next meeting—Massacre of the Episcopalians— Is dissolved, and fixes Carstares—Assembly Glencoe—Jacobite plots—Oath of assurance-The king and of 1694. The A BElGHTEii day had at length dawned upon Scotland. inestimable bless- ravafjes of persecution were at an end. The once more within reach ing of civil and religious liberty seemed of the suffering Presbyterians. that AVilliani had landed, As soon as it was known in Scotland if by magic. When the condition of affairs was changed as by stress of weather, the Dutch fleet had been driven back first set sail, the bishops and clergy as it had been when it him of their had despatched a loyal address to James, assuring upon the apparent continued steadfastness, congratulating him government, and hoping discomfiture of the designs against his necks of his enemies. But that his foot might soon be on the and it became evident Avhen the landiiig actually took place, the clergy became greatly that a revolution was imminent, alarmed for the safety of their church. The Presbyterians, who had skulked in mountain fastnesses emerged and moorland wastes for the last eight-and-twenty years, bore themselves quietly a-ain into the light of day. At first they Dalziel it was known that Claverhouse and enough ; but when troops were disbanded, and that had fled to London, that the country sufficient to pro- there was no longer any power in the 500 THE CHULCn OF SCOTLAND. tect the Episcopal clergy, tliey became more demonstrative. Not satisfied with having liberty to attend the conventicles as they pleased, they resolved to rid themselves of the presence of the men who had been the occasion of so much of their suffer- ing. It did not greatly matter to them whether or not their proceediugs were legal. At such times as these there are always unruly elements which are apt to show themselves. The students of Glasgow University burnt the efiigy of the Pope, along Avilh the effigies of the Archbishops of Glasgow and St. Andrews; but that was a comparatively harmless ebulli- tion of youthful spirit.^ Dy and by, however, the mob rose in Edinburgh, and demolished the chapel which had been fitted up at Holyrood for the liomish worship, rifling the shrine and burning the images in the streets. The houses of the Papists were searched and the symbols of their belief were carried off. Dishonesty had its hand in the work, and while many were doubtless prompted by mistaken zeal, many more were actuated by love of plunder." In the west and south of Scotland, where the persecution had been fiercest, the reaction was naturally strongest. The clergy who had been intruded into the pulpits of the outed Presbyterians began to tremble for their positions. They had never been either popular or useful. In many cases they were at deadly feud with their parishioners. The tables were turned, and the day of retribution had arrived. Upon Christmas day of 1688 the " rabbling of the curates," as it was called, was begun. In some cases the curates did not await the action of the peasantry, but beat a precipitate retreat. But in many instances the mob surprised them in their own houses, carried them about in mock procession, tumbled the furniture of the manse out of doors and made a bonfire of it, tore the Geneva cloak which the curates generally wore over their heads, and then taking them to the verge of the parish, bade them be gone and never show their face within it more. The next Sun- day a Presbyterian minister would be almost certainly found in the pulpit, denouncing the evils of Prelacy and the Indulgence, and exhorting the people to persevere in the good work they had begun.' ' " Wodrow's History," jy. 470-472. Ibid. ^ Somer's Tracts, coll. iii , vol. iv. 133. AVILLIAM CAKSTARES. 5G1 It lias been computed that about 200 of these " rabblings" took place in the west and south during the winter and spring of 1688-89. ]\Iany of the Episcopal clergy, witli their families, were reduced to great hardships. They were deprived in a day of their livings. There are touching instances in some of the kirk-session records of a few pence having been given to the curate's wife.^ ISTo one can defend such tilings. If the curates were to be deprived at all, they should have been deprived in a legal way. It is tolerably evident, however, that these disorderly- doings were chiefly carried out by the mob, and by the fierce and implacable Cameronians, who had suffered so much from the Episcopalians. The Presbyterians, as a body, discounte- nanced them. Even the more moderate of the Cameronians re- fused to be identified with them." And no one suffered more than a little rough usage. No life was sacrificed. Hardly a drop of blood was spilt. The worst that the outraged clergy could complain of was being thrown lawlessly out of their houses and deprived of their positions, with occasionally a few blows and bruises, and scratches from female fingers. It was bad enough no doubt ; but alongside of thirty years of the martyrdom of the Presbyterians, the wrongs of the curates do not affect us very heavily. The part which William had now to play in relation to the Scottish Church was sufficiently difficult. His own knowledge of affairs, however, and of the principles of toleration, with his honest desire to do what was just and right, stood him in good stead. It was also fortunate for himself and for the country that he had the sagacity to allow himself to be largely guided by one of the most prudent advisers that ever aided a sovereign with his counsel. This was William Carstares, the leading churchman of the period, around whose name the ecclesias- tical events of the day naturally cluster. We may pause in the course of our narrative to sketch his career up to this time, in a sentence or two. He was born in the manse of Cathcart, where his father, John Carstares, was minister for a short time before being translated to the High Church of Glasgow. Mr. John Carstares was ' CnnningLam's " History," ii. 261. * Rule's " Vindication ; '' Preface to Sage's " Fundamental Cliarter." 562 THE CHURCH of Scotland. one of the leading ministers iu the Church, and a man of deep and ardent piety. After the establishment of Episcopacy he very soon became involved in the troubles of the period, ^yas ejected from his cure, and suffered imprisonment. His sou William, beiug destined by his parents for the clerical profes- sion, was educated for a time under his father's eye. In the old home iu Glasgow he liad frequent intercourse as a boy with the accomplished Durham, the genial and witty Zachary Boyd, and others of a like stamp. After taking his degree in Edinburgh —his father having now been ejected from Glasgow—he passed over to Utrecht to complete his education. He was licensed to preach, and apparently also ordained, by the brethren of the " classis " at Utrecht. But it does not appear that he gave himself to any extent to the exercise of the ministry. Through letters from friends in Scotland he was introduced to the notice of the Prince of Orange, who at once discerned in him a person likely to be useful to him in his relations with Britain.
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