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Chileʼs flag colors are symbolic: The white star stands for progress and honor, red stands for heroesʼ blood, blue stands for the CHILE sky and white stands for the snow-capped LAND OF EXTREMES Andes mountains. Even though they look Chile is a land of contrast and great beauty, from Lapageria rosea, commonly similar, the flag of Chile is 21 years older known as the Chilean bellflower than the flag of Texas in the USA. its towering volcanic peaks in the Andes to the or copihue (co-PEE-way) is the national flower of Chile. Andean ancient forests of the Lake District. condor South America Just the facts Arica Total Area 291,930 sq. mi. This endangered Atacama Venezuela (756,102 sq. km) vulture lives in the Desert Guyana Iquique Population 19,116,201 craggy rock ledges of Suriname the mountains. Colombia French Guiana Capital city Santiago Loa R. In a word Ecuador Highest elevation Ojos del Salado There are several theories about 6,893 m (22,615 ft.) how Chile got its name, but the Brazil Peru Lowest elevation Spanish conquistadors learned Antofagasta this name from the Incas in the Bolivia sea level 1500s. The national language of Agriculture Grapes, apples, Pacific Chile is Spanish. Paraguay pears, onions, wheat, Ocean maize, oats, peaches, A long, narrow strip Ojos del garlic, asparagus, beans, Uruguay

Chile is more than 18 times Copiapó R. MOUNTAINS ANDES Salado beef, poultry, wool, fish, longer than its widest point. The Chile timber and hemp country stretches more than Argentina Natural resources Copper, 2,700 miles (4,300 km) along timber, iron ore, the southwestern coast of South La Serena nitrates, precious metals, America but is never more than molybdenum, hydropower 150 miles (240 km) wide. Mapuche woman and Industry Mining (copper, The Andes play a large role in child coal and nitrate), creating Chileʼs long shape. This manufactured products (food virtually impassable mountain Viña del Mar SANTIAGO processing, chemicals, wood) range and its 50 active volcanic Valparaiso and agriculture (fishing, peaks have protected and iso- Maipo R. Mt. Tupungato logging and agriculture) lated the land. Central Valley MOUNTAINS ANDES To the north, the land rises and Maule R. becomes the forbidding Ata- Did you know? cama Desert, one of the most The monkey puzzle tree is an ancient The Atacama Desert is Concepción species of conifer native to the forested inhospitable regions on Earth. considered to be the driest Bío-Bío R. Araucanian region (south of the Bío-Bío place on Earth. To the south, the land fades River). It first appeared during the time into a maze of islands that end of the dinosaurs. Chile is one of the world’s top in Chilean Patagonia. Chileʼs Temuco The Mapuche (“mapu” means people, wine destinations, the ninth- southern tip is Cape Horn, a Toltén R. “che” means land) are one of the most largest producer of wine and important pre-Columbian indigenous treacherous headland surround- Valdivia the world’s fourth-largest peoples of Chile. They are proud of exporter of wine. ed by storm-tossed seas, safely Lake District their culture, language and way of life. passable only through the foggy Valparaiso is the main port Puerto Mt. Tronador Strait of Magellan. ANDES MOUNTAINS of Chile and the main hub Montt of a trans-Andean railroad. Pacific possessions Valparaiso has also been an Gulf of Also part of Chile are two Pacific inspirational place for painters Corcovado lands, the Juan Fernandez and poets. Macaroni Archipelago and Easter penguin The oldest mummies in the Island, or Rapa Nui (the world were found in Chile. Polynesian name for Easter 282 Chinchorro mummies Island). Both are national parks. have been removed from Mt. San Valentin burial sites in what is now Juan Penas northern Chile. Fernandez Gulf A ferry at Puntas Easter Archipelago Arenas transports The alerce tree of southern Island passengers to the Chile can live to be up to penguin colony on 4,000 years old. Isla Magdalena. Chile is located along the Pacific Ring of Fireand Giant moai Easter Strait of is home to about 3,000 figures dot Island is Magellan volcanoes. the land- the worldʼs Northern Earthquakes occur regularly scape of most isolated Punta Arenas rock- Rapa Nui. inhabited island in Chile. hopper They were and one of the penguin carved from most mystifying Chile is home to rockhopper, SOURCES: World Book Encyclopedia, World Book volcanic places on Earth. macaroni, Magellanic and Inc.; https://www.nationsonline.org; CIA Factbook; rock. Chile, by Christopher Dwyer, Chelsea House Publishers; Humboldt penguins. https://ecochile.travel

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