System Architecture Design Exercises August 1, 2011
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Table of Contents
Class Exercise (Questions) Page
1.0 System Design Process ...... 1-1 2.0 GIS Software Technology ...... 2-1 3.0 Software Performance ...... 3-1 4.0 GIS Data Administration ...... 4-1 5.0 Network Communications...... 5-1 6.0 GIS Product Architecture ...... 6-1 7.0 Platform Performance ...... 7-1 8.0 Information Security ...... 8-1 9.0 Performance Fundamentals ...... 9-1 10.0 Capacity Planning ...... 10-1 11.0 City of Rome ...... 11-1
Class Exercise Answer Sheet
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 1 System Design Process The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand objectives of the system design process Understand why System Architecture Design is important Understand value of the Integrated Business Needs Assessment Understand how to manage implementation risk Understand importance of an iterative design process Understand purpose of available Capacity Planning Tools
The Platform Capacity Calculator located on the CPT Hardware tab was developed to answer one of the most common questions asked by Esri customers; what is the capacity of this hardware platform? Use the Platform Capacity Calculator to answer the following questions: 1. Dell PowerEdge R610 Server Including One (1) Quad Core Intel® Xeon® X5677 3.46 GHz Processor, 12 MB Cache? (Esri Hardware Partners promotion offers: www.esri.com/partners/apps/hw_promo) a. 11,900 – 23,800 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow b. 22,500 – 45,000 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow c. 25,900 – 51,800 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow d. 49,000 – 98,000 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow
2. Same platform as above, identify answer in peak concurrent users? a. 31 – 61 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow b. 52 – 104 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow c. 50 – 100 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow d. 136 – 272 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow
3. HP ProLiant ML310 G5p Server Including One Quad Core Intel® Xeon® X3330 2.66 GHz Processor, 6 MB L2 Cache? (Esri Hardware Partners promotion offers: www.esri.com/partners/apps/hw_promo) a. 31 – 61 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow b. 63 – 125 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow c. 50 – 100 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow d. 136 – 272 concurrent users for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow
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4. Same platform as 3 above, identify answer in transactions per hour? a. 11,900 – 23,800 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow b. 22,500 – 45,000 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow c. 25,900 – 51,800 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow d. 49,000 – 98,000 TPH for ArcGIS Server REST MSD workflow
The Platform Sizing Methodology located on the CPT Sizing tab was developed for users that wanted a documented step by step process for platform sizing? Use the Platform Sizing Methodology tool to complete the following system architecture design analysis:
Platform Sizing Exercise 1. Software: ArcGIS Server REST MSD Medium Standard Esri Workflow. 2. Client desktop: Intel Core i5-680 2 core (1 chip) 3333 MHz 3. Peak throughput: 60,000 TPH 4. Data source: SDE DBMS 5. Platform architecture: 2 tier, minimum hardware, SDE direct connect configuration 6. Platform selection: 2011 Xeon E7-4870 40 core (4 chip) 2400 MHz physical platforms a. Same platform for both Web/SOC and SDE GDB tier b. Deploy Web/SOC and DBMS tier in 2 core virtual server platforms c. 80 percent rollover setting 7. Remote site network suitability evaluation. a. Site 1: 20 peak users b. Site 2: 5 peak users 8. Available remote site network bandwidth. a. Site 1: 6 Mbps bandwidth, 0 millisecond latency. b. Site 2: 1.5 Mbps bandwidth, 30 millisecond latency. 5. Identify the number of virtual platform core required to support the Web/SOC tier? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10
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6. Identify the Remote Site 2 average display response time. a. 1.08 sec b. 1.24 sec c. 3.64 sec d. 4.11 sec Initial sizing analysis
Upgrade the Web/SOC tier to 2011 Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz platforms and deploy the Web/SOC tier on the physical server platform environment (no virtual servers). 7. Identify the number of platform core required to support the Web/SOC tier after the upgrade? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10 8. Identify the Remote Site 2 average display response time after the upgrade. a. 1.08 sec b. 1.24 sec c. 3.62 sec d. 4.11 sec
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Upgrade the Remote Site bandwidth Remote site 1: 12 Mbps Remote site 2: 6 Mbps 9. Identify the Remote Site 2 average display response time following the network upgrade. a. 1.08 sec b. 1.24 sec c. 3.64 sec d. 4.11 sec
Final sizing analysis
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BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 10. What is the primary objective of the System Architecture Design process? a. Best practices for configuring GIS systems. b. Understanding platform performance and scalability. c. Methods for test and evaluation of GIS system performance. d. Establishing platform and network requirements based on user workflow needs. 11. Why is System Architecture Design important? a. System capacity is limited by the weakest component. b. Identifying required component specifications early can save money. c. Building a balanced system design improves performance. d. All of the above. 12. How can we manage implementation risk? a. Test the production system to identify performance bottlenecks. b. Purchase the best hardware technology. c. Establish performance targets and validate implementation milestone compliance. d. Maintain good vender relationships. 13. What is the recommended best practice when completing a system architecture design planning process? a. Use the capacity planning tool to support an integrated business needs assessment. b. Complete a System Architecture Design strategic plan after the user needs assessment. c. Ask the hardware vendor to provide a system sizing assessment. d. Follow sizing recommendations provided in the software documentation. 14. When is it important to validate workflow performance compliance? a. Evaluate performance compliance during initial prototype testing. b. Validate system performance goals are met during initial production deployment. c. Establish periodic performance validation milestones throughout production. d. All of the above. 15. How can capacity planning tools reduce deployment risk? a. Identify hardware required to satisfy peak user business needs. b. Establish reasonable performance expectations for software technology selection. c. Establish reasonable workflow performance targets for performance test and validation. d. All of the above.
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Section 2 GIS Software Technology The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand GIS software evolution and the lessons learned Recognize the emerging technical architecture strategies Understand the available GIS Software technology patterns Understand how to use capacity planning tools for software technology selection
The Capacity Planning Calculator is used to generate Standard Esri Workflows identified on the CPT Workflow tab. The workflow nomenclature identifies the selected software technology and workflow performance parameters. The performance parameters are used by the Capacity Planning Tool to establish system design performance targets for the selected software technology. • ArcGIS Server (AGS) or ArcGIS Desktop (AGD) software technology • Map Document format • Display Complexity • Percent of display that is rendered dynamic (not provided in map cache) • Display resolution (rounded off hundreds of pixels) • Display density (V is vector only, R includes raster image layer) • Output format 1. What software technology is used for the following workflow? Capacity Planning Calculator Workflow Nomenclature
a. ArcGIS Server 9.3.1 REST service b. ArcGIS Server 10 ADF Web application c. ArcGIS Server 10 REST service d. ArcGIS Desktop 10 Workstation application The first step in the system architecture design process is to identify the GIS software technology required to support user business requirements. These business requirements are represented in the Capacity Planning Tool as user workflows. 2. Identify the software technology used for the following workflow? Nickname = DeskEdit_
a. ArcGIS Server 9.3.1 REST service b. ArcGIS Server 10 ADF Web application c. ArcGIS Server 10 REST service d. ArcGIS Desktop 10 Workstation application
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3. Identify the display complexity used for the following workflow? Nickname=DeskView_
a. Light b. Medium Light c. Medium d. Medium Heavy 4. Identify the display resolution used for the following workflow? Nickname=WebApp_
a. 600x400 b. 800x600 c. 1024x768 d. 1280x1024 5. Identify the display density used for the following workflow? Nickname=RemoteView_
a. Dynamic display with Vector Only data source b. Dynamic display including Raster Image layers c. Light display density d. Medium display density 6. Identify the map document used for the following workflow? Nickname=WebMap_
a. MXD (standard map document) b. MSD (optimized map service definition) c. PDF document d. MS Word document
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Use the Standard Esri Workflows from the Capacity Planning Workflow tab to configure the Project Workflows identified in questions 2 through 6 above. • Locate each Standard Esri Workflow • Select and copy workflow row • Insert copied row into Project Workflow section • Insert Nickname as suffix for each workflow (follow nickname with underscore) Capacity Planning Workflow tab Project Workflow Setup
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Once the project workflows are identified in the workflow tab, the Capacity Planning Design requirements module can be configured to complete the system architecture design. Capacity Planning Design tab
Peak user requirements are configured based on user location (3 LAN workflows, 2 WAN workflows, and 1 Internet workflow). Available bandwidth is identified for each network connection. Platform hardware is selected on the platform tier. Network suitability and system design analysis are completed by the Capacity Planning tool. Hardware solution is provided once the CPT Design tab is properly configured. 7. What hardware server technology was used to complete the design above? a. Intel Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz platforms b. Intel Xeon E3-1280 8 core (2 chip) 3500 MHz platforms c. Intel Xeon E7-4870 40 core (4 chip) 2400 MHz platforms d. Intel Xeon E7-4870 20 core (2 chip) 2400 MHz platforms
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BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 8. What is the optimum software technology for GIS power users? a. ArcGIS Desktop. b. ArcGIS Server Web Applications c. ArcGIS Engine Application d. ArcGIS Mobile ADF Application 9. What is the optimum software technology for casual Web users? a. ArcGIS Desktop b. ArcGIS Server c. ArcGIS Engine d. ArcGIS Mobile 10. What is fundamental about GIS that encourages people to share their work? a. Benefits provided by common understanding of map display results. b. Benefits provided by shared hardware platform environments. c. Benefits gained by sharing geospatial data resources. d. Benefits gained by sharing standard data models and business rules. 11. What community benefits most from a centralized Architecture? a. GIS Power users. b. GIS General Users. c. GIS Business Partners. d. IT Administrators. 12. What was the user performance experience moving from ARC/INFO 7.3 to ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 a. User display performance improved by 10% due to more efficient program code. b. User interface contributed to reduced productivity. c. Slower ArcGIS Desktop display performance requires twice the processing time. d. Faster ArcGIS Desktop display performance required half the processing time.
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Section 3 Software Performance The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand the system design concept of a user workflow Understand value of an optimized map service Understand value of selecting the right image output format Understand value of proper display resolution Understand the system design concept of display complexity Understand value of using a pre-cache data source Understand value of selecting an optimum data source Understand value of proper service configuration Understand value of making the right technology selection Understand the system design concept of workflow performance targets Understand how to use capacity planning tools to set appropriate workflow performance targets Use the Capacity Planning Calculator to configure the following workflow. Capacity Planning Calculator Workflow Nomenclature
1. What is the map service output format? a. 1024x768 b. MXD Medium c. JPEG image d. 100 percent dynamic Select the following user requirements and data source. User workflow requirements and data source
Select the following hardware architecture and network settings. Selected hardware architecture and network bandwidth
Deploy using virtual server 2 core platforms on the selected physical hardware.
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CPT Calculator configuration
2. What is the remote site 1 display response time? a. 0.62 sec b. 0.95 sec c. 1.30 sec d. 1.93 sec 3. Identify the number of required ArcGIS Server licensed core (Web/SOC tier). a. 4 core b. 8 core c. 14 core d. 16 core Change the MapDoc selection (G3) to MSD and answer the following questions: 4. What is the remote site 1 display response time? a. 0.62 sec b. 0.95 sec c. 1.30 sec d. 1.87 sec 5. Identify the number of required ArcGIS Server licensed core (Web/SOC tier). a. 4 core b. 8 core c. 14 core d. 16 core
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There are real advantages in caching raster base layers and controlling display resolution. Change the software performance parameters to the following selections. Adjusted workflow description
CPT Calculator configuration
6. What is the remote site 1 remote user display response time? a. 0.62 sec b. 0.95 sec c. 1.30 sec d. 1.87 sec 7. Identify the number of required ArcGIS Server licensed core (Web/SOC tier). a. 4 core b. 8 core c. 14 core d. 16 core
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Software technology workflows generated by the CPT Calculator can be transferred to project workflows on the CPT Workflow tab for use in system architecture design. • Select and copy the project WebMap workflow row and "insert copied cells" to add a new workflow. • Locate the selected CPT Calculator workflow at the bottom of the CPT Workflow tab o Note: custom CPT workflow must be configured on the Calculator tab. • Select and copy blue calculator workflow cells in Column A through M • Select the new project workflow cell in Column A and "Paste Special/Values" to insert the new Calculator generated workflow service times into the new project workflow. o It is good practice to copy the workflow recipe (column A) and "Paste Special/Values" into the workflow description column (located in column AJ) to document workflow source. • Insert Nickname (WebLite_) as the new workflow prefix. Capacity Planning Workflow tab
8. What is the total processing time for the new "WebLite" Calculator workflow? a. 0.056 sec b. 0.134 sec c. 0.248 sec d. 0.378 sec
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BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 9. How can a GIS user author a high performance map display? a. Only show relevant data. b. Use scale dependencies. c. Use integer fields for symbol values. d. All of the above. 10. What are map display functions that hurt performance? a. Use Esri Optimized style for lines and polygons. b. Use annotation instead of labels. c. Use cartographic lines and polygon outline. d. Use indexed fields for text and labeling. 11. How does ArcGIS Desktop build a map display? a. Request spatial features sequentially rendering one layer at a time for display. b. Collect all spatial features from data source then organize on desktop for display. c. Request data source to organize data and transport view to desktop for display. d. ArcObjects are used to render display from database attributes. 12. How may twice the number of layers and features impact map display processing time? a. Increasing number of display layers has minimum impact on display processing time. b. Double user response time with minimal increase in display service time. c. Double display service time and reduce platform capacity by 50 percent. d. Double network traffic with minimum impact on service time and system capacity. 13. How does display output format impact client network traffic? a. PNG24 provides the best compression with raster imagery. b. PDF provides the smaller display traffic for all data types. c. JPEG provides relatively consistent light display traffic for raster and vector imagery. d. Image format selection has minimum impact on network traffic. 14. What is a primary advantage of using map cache data source? a. Improved geospatial data integration. b. Reduced client network display traffic requirements c. Reduced data administration requirements. d. Reduced display processing requirements. 15. What is the performance impact when using a high quality pre-processed cached cartographic data source? a. Slower user response time due to quality of the display. b. Higher network traffic due to quality of the display. c. Display performance is roughly the same as a simple cached data source. d. Pre-cache processing timelines will be shorter due to quality of the data.
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Section 4 GIS Data Administration The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand the optimum spatial data deployment patterns Understand the primary role of an ArcSDE geodatabase Understand available data replication alternatives Understand value of geodatabase replication Identify geodatabase replication use cases Understand the optimum imagery data deployment patterns Understand the role of a mosaic dataset Recognize available storage architecture patterns Recognize available storage architecture patterns Identify common RAID technology patterns Recognize importance of data backup strategies
1. What is the primary role of the ArcSDE geodatabase? a. Enterprise GIS data storage repository. b. Optimum Imagery publishing data source. c. Optimum multi-user GIS spatial feature editing database. d. Optimum GIS basemap publishing data source. 2. What is the primary role of a distribution or publishing geodatabase? a. Standard method for publishing imagery accessed through a mosaic dataset. b. Simple spatial feature data source for publishing dynamic operational business layers. c. Multi-generation one-way incremental ArcSDE replication service. d. Provides a platform for sharing static spatial data resources. 3. What is the primary purpose of an ArcSDE history geodatabase? a. Maintains a record of spatial database changes for geospatial temporal analysis. b. Maintains a record of spatial geodatabase changes for rollback and disaster recovery. c. Provides a time stamped record for establishing standard repeatable workflow processes. d. Provides data for analyzing information relative to time and location. 4. Under what condition is the ArcGIS Server Image Extension license required? a. Publishing preprocessed imagery using ArcGIS Server Image Service. b. Accessing raw imagery data sources from ArcGIS Desktop workstation. c. Publishing raw imagery using mosaic dataset with ArcGIS Server Image service d. Creating a mosaic dataset from raw imagery data sources.
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Storage Architecture a b c d
NFS or CIFS NFS or CIFS Database Server Database Server Operating System UNIX Windows UNIX Windows Operating System NFS or CIFS NFS or CIFS
Operating System File Server SCSI SCSI Controller Operating System SCSI Fiber Channel Switch Spatial Files Controller Geodatabase Controller Geodatabase Geodatabase
5. Direct Attached Storage a. b. c. d. 6. Internal Storage a. b. c. d. 7. Network Attached Storage a. b. c. d. 8. Storage Area Network a. b. c. d. 9. What is the preferred way to move data from one schema to another? a. Geodatabase one-way replication. b. Geodatabase Transition (ETL). c. Database Replication Services. d. Storage Replication Services. 10. What is the preferred way to support a read only distribution geodatabase? a. Geodatabase one-way replication. b. Geodatabase Transition (ETL). c. Database Replication Services. d. Storage Replication Services.
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11. What is the preferred way to support a disaster recovery database replica? a. Geodatabase one-way replication. b. Geodatabase Transition (ETL). c. Remote copy sneaker net. d. Storage Replication Services. 12. What is the recommended high available geodatabase storage solution? a. JBOD. b. Internal RAID Storage Array. c. Network Attached Storage. d. External RAID Storage Array. 13. What is the enabling technology supporting a distributed geodatabase architecture? a. Higher bandwidth network connections. b. Geodatabase versioning schema. c. Higher capacity commodity server platforms. d. All of the above.
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Section 5 Network Communications The objectives of this lesson are to: Recognize the types of networks? Understand how network specifications are used in capacity planning Understand how data transfer impacts display performance Recognize the primary GIS network protocols Understand network latency impact on performance Understand the relationship between traffic and network contention Recognize network connections that set network capacity Understand importance of a network suitability analysis Understand importance of display traffic (Mbpd) Understand how to use capacity planning tools to identify network bandwidth requirements
The Capacity Planning Calculator can be used for a preliminary network performance impact assessment. The Calculator includes three rows that address network performance, one for local area network client performance and two for remote site performance. Many Enterprise GIS performance problems are caused by limited or saturated wide area network (WAN) or Internet bandwidth connections. Use the CPT Calculator to configure the following workflow with an SDE_DBMS data source. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
Select the following user requirements and data source. User workflow requirements and data source
Select the following hardware architecture and network settings. Selected hardware architecture and network bandwidth (X5677 4 core servers, i5-680 Client Desktop)
The network is configured on rows 12 through 14. Row 12 represents local client display performance and the bandwidth should be set based on the client workstation NIC card. Row 13 and 14 are for remote user display performance and network constraints are often
Platform Performance 5-0
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises due to shared remote connection bandwidth limitations. The Calculator will address up to two remote sites (select the most critical remote site connections). Network service provider bandwidth is set in column G along with the total number of concurrent site users in column D. Site latency to the central data center can be identified in column E. Workflow display performance results are provided for local and remote clients in the Calculator Workflow Performance Summary. Client display response time is also provided for remote and local clients (column K on each network row). Capacity Planning Calculator network performance
1. Identify remote site 2 display response time. a. 0.47 sec b. 1.47 sec c. 3.38 sec d. 4.00 sec
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Adjust MapDoc to MSD (G3), resolution to 600x400 (E6), and density to Vector Only (F6) and output to PNG8 (G6). Workflow performance adjustments
2. Identify WAN remote site 2 display response time. a. 0.24 sec b. 0.46 sec c. 3.45 sec d. 4.00 sec The Capacity Planning Design tab can be used to identify the network traffic used for each workflow data source. • Use the Lesson 2 DeskEdit, RemoteView, and WebMap workflows for each of the grey data center networks (LAN, WAN, Internet). Compare the client display traffic (column I) and data display traffic (column AE) and answer the following questions. Capacity Planning DESIGN client and data source traffic (Mbpd)
3. Identify workflow where the client traffic and data source traffic are the same. a. WebMap b. RemoteView c. DeskEdit d. All of the above 4. Which workflow generates the least client network traffic? a. WebMap b. RemoteView c. DeskEdit d. All of the above
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5. Why is client traffic different than data traffic when GIS applications are hosted on a central application server (i.e. Windows Terminal Server/Citrix and ArcGIS Server)? a. Client protocol is less chatty than the database protocol b. More network bandwidth in the data center than over the WAN c. Data layers are blended together on the server reducing the required client traffic d. None of the above
You can use the Design tab to identify network bandwidth impact on display performance. • Create a new Design with one of the Lesson 2 DeskEdit, RemoteView, and WebMap workflows on each of the grey data center networks (LAN, WAN, Internet). • Identify 1 user for each workflow in column C. • Productivity adjustment function (cell AF2) should be set at DEFAULT. • Set data source (column R) for all workflows to SDE_DBMS. • Use Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz server platforms for response time calculations (should be selected for desktop and all server platform environments). • Set network bandwidth (column H) for LAN to 100 Mbps, WAN to 10 Mbps, and Internet to 3 Mbps. Network performance is reduced under heavy traffic flow (see figure below). Design Results
Use Intel Core i3-2120 2 core (1 chip) 3100 MHz desktop for response time calculations. User the Design DEFAULT results above to answer the following questions. 6. Why does the display response time increase when the network bandwidth is reduced? a. Data transport efficiency improves with lower network capacity b. Network transport time increases when bandwidth is reduced c. Network latency increases when there is less traffic d. All of the above 7. What is the total Data Center Internet traffic in Mbps (cell F13:G13)? a. 0.047 Mbps b. 0.200 Mbps c. 1.66 Mbps d. 1.9 Mbps
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8. What is the ArcGIS Server Internet client workflow response time (column AH)? a. 0.32 sec b. 1.71 sec c. 1.64 sec d. 7.43 sec 9. What is the Internet ArcGIS Server network traffic flow (column G)? a. 0.047 Mbps b. 0.200 Mbps c. 1.667 Mbps d. 1.9 Mbps 10. What is the Desktop workstation Internet client network traffic flow (column G)? a. 0.047 Mbps b. 0.200 Mbps c. 1.667 Mbps d. 1.9 Mbps 11. What is the Desktop workstation Internet client calculated think time (column AG)? a. 9.5 sec b. -1.4 sec c. 5.5 sec d. 8.4 sec 12. What does it mean for a workflow to have a negative calculated think time? a. Display response time does not support specified user productivity (DPM/client). b. User productivity (column E) must be reduced to satisfy minimum user think time. c. Productivity cell in column E turns RED to indicate unacceptable user think time. d. All of the above.
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Use the productivity adjustment function in Cell AF2 to adjust user productivity to comply with workflow minimum think times. • Set Blink in cell AG2 to 10 and select ADJUST in cell AF2. • Excel will run calculations through 500 iterations and stop. o Excel calculation options should be configured to “enable iterative calculations” o Minimum iterations set at 500, maximum change set at 0.001 • Reduce the Blink intervals in cell AG2 as necessary until Excel has converged on the proper workflow productivity values. • The ArcGIS Desktop Internet workflow should adjust to provide 3.0 second calculated minimum user think time (column AG) and the adjusted workflow cell in column C or D will turn GREEN. Move Reset (cell AF2) to SAVE - this will save the current results. Design Results
13. What is the adjusted ArcGIS Server Internet client workflow display response time (column AH)? a. 5.80 b. 0.43 c. 1.31 d. 2.69
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BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 14. What is the most popular local area network protocol? a. ISND b. HTTP c. Ethernet d. ATM 15. What is the planning factor used to convert MB of GIS Data to Mb of Network Traffic? a. 8 b. 10 c. 25 d. 100 16. How much GIS Data is needed to build a typical map display? a. 100 KB b. 10 MB c. 1 MB d. 1 GB 17. Identify data transfer time for 200 KB image display over a 10 Mbps network? a. 20 sec b. 2 sec c. 0.2 sec d. 0.02 sec 18. How does network latency impact display performance? a. Improves display performance by smoothing data transfer b. Primary concern when supporting Web clients c. Increases display response time for chatty communication connections d. Primary concern when supporting Windows Terminal clients
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Section 6 GIS Product Architecture The objectives of this lesson are to: Recognize available ArcGIS technical architecture patterns Understand ArcSDE Geodatabase configuration alternatives Identify ArcGIS Desktop software component architecture Understand ArcGIS Desktop technical architecture deployment alternatives Identify ArcGIS Server software component architecture Identify ArcGIS Server technical architecture deployment alternatives Understand how technical deployment architectures impact system design Understand how to configure the Capacity Planning Calculator and Design tools The Capacity Planning Calculator is an excellent design tool when addressing single software technology selection and platform sizing. The product architecture is addressed through a simple user interface with minimum configuration requirements. Platform architecture (A9), high availability (A10), and SDE configuration (A11) are all dropdown selections. Platform selection is provided in columns D through F, single selection for each platform tier. Network communications are addressed in Rows 12 through 14. Use the CPT Calculator to configure the following workflow. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
Select the following user requirements and data source. User workflow requirements and data source
Select the hardware architecture and network settings identified . Selected the following 3-tier hardware architecture, platform selection, and network bandwidth.
Platform Performance 6-0
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Notice the difference in local and remote display performance. Three tier ArcGIS Server 10 REST Web Application
1. Identify platform configuration requirements for this configuration a. Two (2) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers b. Three (3) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers c. Four (4) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers d. Five (5) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers Reconfigure the same ArcGIS Server configuration in a two tier architecture (Web app will be installed on the SOC machine) Two tier ArcGIS Server 10 REST Web Application
2. Identify platform configuration requirements for this configuration. a. Two (2) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers b. Three (3) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers c. Four (4) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers d. Five (5) Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz servers
Platform Performance 6-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
ArcGIS Server can be deployed on a virtual server environment. Select VMware in cell K25 and two core per virtual server in cell K24. High available configuration
3. Identify total system capacity (cell T23) for this configuration? a. 76 concurrent users (570 displays per minute) b. 1,231 concurrent users (7,385 displays per minute) c. 354,462 transactions per hour d. 82,051 transactions per hour
Platform Performance 6-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
The Capacity Planning Design tab will complete a system architecture design analysis for multiple GIS workflows with users located throughout the Enterprise network infrastructure. A broad range of GIS software architecture solutions can be installed on 10 available platform tier. The most common platform tier names are identified in the following figure. Platform names are located in the top column B cell of each tier.
The platform nickname appears before the colon, and will be the platform name used by the software install module. Complete a three tier software install for the user requirements identified in Section 2. Capacity Planning Design Software Install
Three tier software install can be completed using default selections located on the software configuration LAN row. SDE_DBMS data source is selected for each workflow in column R. • RemoteView ArcGIS Desktop software installed on the WTS server o SDE process will be executed on the WTS server (direct connect) • WebApp and WebMap Web software is installed on the Web server • ArcGIS Server SOC is installed on the Map server o SDE process will be executed on the map server (direct connect) • DBMS will be installed on the DBMS server
Platform Performance 6-3
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Three tier Enterprise design solution is provided below. Capacity Planning Design
4. Identify peak capacity for the ArcGIS Server system configuration (bottom cell of each platform tier in column G)? a. 189 concurrent users b. 1,123 displays per minute (67K transactions per hour) c. 1,417 displays per minute (85K transactions per hour) d. 8,126 displays per minute (488K transactions per hour) 5. Identify platform utilization of the map server in the design above (column AH)? a. 13.4 percent b. 26.8 percent c. 2.1 percent d. 9.6 percent
Platform Performance 6-4
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
It would appear that a two tier ArcGIS Server architecture might provide more system capacity. Change the platform tier 3 nickname from Map to WebMap. Platform nickname for platform Tier 09 changed to WebMap
6. What caused the Platform Tier 09 processing load to go away? a. ArcGIS Server software is no longer installed on this platform tier. b. Platform selection will not support the processing loads. c. Fix nodes is set to zero. d. ArcGIS Server SOC processing load is executed on the Web server.
Quick look at the Software Configuration Module identifies the problem
Platform Performance 6-5
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Two tier ArcGIS Server software install can be completed using default selections located on the software configuration LAN row. SDE_DBMS data source is selected for each workflow in column R. • RemoteView ArcGIS Desktop software installed on the WTS server o SDE process will be executed on the WTS server • WebApp and WebMap Web software is installed on the new WebMap server o Use Web server to support high available WebMap tier • ArcGIS Server SOC is installed on the new WebMap server o SDE process will be executed on the new WebMap server • DBMS will remain installed on the DBMS server Web and SOC installed on the new WebMap server
Capacity Planning Design 2-tier ArcGIS Server architecture (High Available WebMap tier)
Platform Performance 6-6
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
7. Identify peak capacity for the High Available 2-tier ArcGIS Server system configuration? a. 175 concurrent users b. 1,123 displays per minute (67K transactions per hour) c. 1,316 displays per minute (79K transactions per hour) d. 2,632 displays per minute (158K transactions per hour) BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 8. What is not required on the database server to support geodatabase operations? a. ArcSDE GSRVR executables. b. ArcSDE Schema. c. User Data Schema. d. ArcSDE Software License. 9. What is the ArcGIS Desktop primary programming environment? a. Java Beans. b. C++. c. Microsoft Visual Studio d. Microsoft .NET. 10. What must be installed on ArcGIS Desktop to support an Oracle geodatabase direct connect architecture? a. ArcSDE b. Oracle DBMS Client c. ArcSDE License File d. Geodatabase schema 11. What is the recommended ArcGIS Desktop enterprise geodatabase connection architecture? a. ArcGIS Server Basic b. Application Server Connect c. Client Direct Connect d. File share disk mount 12. What is the most popular server based GIS power user application environment? a. ArcGIS Server Map Services b. ArcGIS Server Mobile ADF c. ArcGIS Desktop deployed on Citrix Windows Terminal Server d. ArcIMS Image Service 13. What is the recommended ArcGIS Server GIS data source? a. File Geodatabase b. ArcSDE Geodatabase c. ArcGIS Image Server d. Oracle Database
Platform Performance 6-7
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
14. ArcGIS Server Web services are executed on which server platform? a. Container machine b. Data Server c. Application Server d. Web Server 15. Which data source can be supported on a single-tier high available web server configuration? a. Single SQL Server geodatabase located on a SAN b. Single file geodatabase located on a NAS c. Mirror copy of SQL Server geodatabase located on each Web server d. Shape file data source supported on a file server 16. When is it ok to support ArcGIS Server Web Applications over a Firewall? a. When needed to provide optimum enterprise security b. When using HTTP protocols to support enterprise applications in an SOA configuration c. When needed to support high availability requirements d. When needed to minimize network traffic across the firewall
Platform Performance 6-8
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Platform Performance 6-9
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 7 Platform Performance The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand why GIS user performance expectations have changed Understand system design need for a platform performance baseline Recognize primary cause for map display performance improvements Identify how we measure relative platform performance Understand how rapidly platform performance has changed Understand platform parameters that identify server performance Understand system design platform naming conventions Understand Esri recommended GIS workstation technology Understand technology impact on ArcGIS performance/capacity Understand how to use the Capacity Planning Calculator and Design tools for proper platform selection Use the Capacity Planning Calculator to demonstrate hardware technology change from over the last 5 years. Use the following platform series to represent technology change. • 2007 Xeon 5160 4 core (2 chip) 3000 MHz • 2008 Xeon X5260 4 core (2 chip) 3333 MHz • 2009 Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz • 2010 Xeon X5677 4 core (1 chip) 3467 MHz • 2011 Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz Use the following Calculator workflow, user requirements, and architecture. Change server and desktop platforms for each hardware technology selection. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
User workflow requirements and data source
Note: select Favorite in cell D8. Select the following 2-tier hardware architecture, platform selection, and network bandwidth.
Platform Performance 7-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
1. Which answer represents platform technology series local response times?
2. Which answer represents Web/SOC platform technology capacity change?
Use the capacity planning tool to identify platform solution for the following user requirements. Provide an optimum high available platform configuration (two tier Web server architecture) based on the following: • 25 local LAN clients (LAN bandwidth 100 Mbps) o Workflow: DeskEdit_AGD10wkstn MXD Med 100%Dyn 10x7 Feature • 200 remote ArcGIS Desktop terminal clients (WAN bandwidth = 45 Mbps) o Workflow: RemoteView_AGD10 WTS Citrix MXD Lite 100%Dyn 10x7 V ICA • 75,000 Web map requests per hour (Internet bandwidth = 45 Mbps) o Workflow: WebMap_AGS10 REST MSD Med 100%Dyn 10x7 R JPEG • Provide high available platform configuration (two tier Web server architecture) DESIGN two tier install with Intel core i7-940 4 core (1 chip) 2933 workstation and Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 servers.
Platform Performance 7-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Start with the following CY2009 hardware platform selection for questions 3 through 7
o Client workstation: Intel Core i7-940 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz o WTS Citrix and Web servers: Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms o DBMS server: Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platform o Use 80 percent rollover for platform server sizing o Set 100 Mbps LAN bandwidth and 45 Mbps WAN and Internet bandwidth (column H)
Select the final platform solution for an optimum high available configuration. Note: You may need to use a single chip server on the map tier for an optimum solution. Design configuration
3. Identify high available WTS server farm configuration (high available WTS configuration provides 1 extra platform (N+1) over minimum capacity requirements)? a. WTS Farm: 3 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms. b. WTS Farm: 4 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933MHz platforms. c. WTS Farm: 5 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933MHz platforms. d. WTS Farm: 6 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933MHz platforms. 4. Identify the ArcGIS Server data center internet traffic utilization a. 42 percent b. 80 percent c. 21 percent d. 93 percent 5. Identify optimum high available ArcGIS Server platform configuration? a. WebMap Server: 1 x Xeon X5570 8 core (2 chip) 2933 MHz platforms. b. WebMap Server: 2 x Xeon X5570 8 core (2 chip) 2933 MHz platforms. c. WebMap Server: 2 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms. d. WebMap Server: 3 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms.
Platform Performance 7-3
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
6. Identify DBMS Server platform configuration? Note: Configure as clustered failover servers (show 1 active on CPT) a. DBMS Server: 2 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms b. DBMS Server: 1 x Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz platforms c. DBMS Server: 2 x Xeon X5570 8 core (2 chip) 2933 MHz platforms d. DBMS Server: 1 x Xeon X5570 8 core (2 chip) 2933 MHz platforms 7. Identify ArcGIS Server licensing requirements (total WebMap tier core)? a. ArcGIS Server: Up to 2 core license b. ArcGIS Server: Up to 4 core license c. ArcGIS Server: Up to 8 core license d. ArcGIS Server: Up to 16 core license Provide optimum high available design solution with CY2011 server hardware: o Client workstation Intel Core i3-2120 2 core (1 chip) 3100 MHz o WTS Citrix and Web servers: Xeon E3-1280 3500 MHz platforms o DBMS server: Xeon E3-1280 3500 MHz platform o Use 80 percent rollover for platform server sizing Design configuration
8. Identify high available WTS server farm configuration. a. WTS Farm: 4 x Xeon Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz b. WTS Farm: 5 x Xeon Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz c. WTS Farm: 6 x Xeon Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz d. WTS Farm: 7 x Xeon Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz 9. Identify high available ArcGIS Server configuration. a. Web Mapping Server = 1 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz b. Web Mapping Server = 2 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz c. Web Mapping Server = 3 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz d. Web Mapping Server = 4 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz
Platform Performance 7-4
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
10. Identify high available failover DBMS Server platform configuration? a. DBMS Server: 1 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz b. DBMS Server: 2 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz c. DBMS Server: 3 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz d. DBMS Server: 4 x Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz 11. Identify ArcGIS Server licensing requirements? a. ArcGIS Server: Up to 4 core license b. ArcGIS Server: Up to 6 core license c. ArcGIS Server: Up to 8 core license d. ArcGIS Server: Up to 16 core license
Platform Performance 7-5
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Use the Capacity Planning Design tab to demonstrate change in platform performance and capacity over the last 5 years. Use the following platform series to represent technology for each year (these were the performance baselines used for capacity planning each year). • 2007 Xeon 5160 4 core (2 chip) 3000 MHz • 2008 Xeon X5260 4 core (2 chip) 3333 MHz • 2009 Xeon X5570 4 core (1 chip) 2933 MHz • 2010 Xeon X5677 4 core (1 chip) 3467 MHz • 2011 Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz
Use the CPT Design tab to evaluate five separate configurations. Note: Open all columns in design tab (group 3) before creating a copy sheet when you plan to use more than four (4) platform tier (Excel graphics will drop links to closed columns when creating a new sheet) • Assign nicknames Tier01, Tier02, Tier03, Tier04, and Tier05 for the first 5 platform tier • Select a different hardware platform for each assigned server tier (use Favorites selection in cell A15) • Select minimum server configuration and 80% rollover for each tier • Select sequential year platform for each server tier (Tier01=2007 platform, Tier02=2008 platform, etc) DESIGN install (select “Favorites” in cell A15)
Platform Performance 7-6
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Use the following workflow for the display performance demonstration • Establish 5 LAN workflows, and change Column A cells to 2007, 2008, 2009, 20010, and 2011. • Set LAN bandwidth at 1000 Mbps to avoid traffic contention • Select the following workflow with single (1) user for all LAN workflows. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
• Complete software install for all workflows o Each workflow assigned to a separate server tier with small File GDB data source o Hide WAN and Internet rows Capacity Planning Design user requirements and software configuration assignment
DESIGN Configuration (make sure columns AT:BG are open to include in graphics display)
12. Which answer best tracks change in workflow performance over past 5 years?
Platform Performance 7-7
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Increase user requirements for each workflow to serve up to 36,000 TPH. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
Remove network traffic summation in cell 5F (removes all network contention). Design Configuration
13. Which answer represents change in platform core (capacity) over the last 5 years?
Platform Performance 7-8
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
ArcGIS Server REST MSD software technology represents a significant performance improvement. Use the following workflow with a Small File GDB data source to demonstrate impact on user display performance due to changes in software and platform technology. Configure each workflow to serve up to 36,000 TPH. Capacity Planning Tool workflow description
DESIGN configuration
14. Which answer best represents change in platform performance over the past 5 years?
15. Which answer represents change in platform core (capacity) over the past 5 years?
Platform Performance 7-9
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Bonus Questions (CPT not required to answer the following questions) 16. What is an Arc10 performance baseline? a. ArcInfo 10 map display processing time b. Intel Xeon X5677 4 core 1 chip Server c. Platform with published SPECrate_int2006 per core baseline of 35 d. CY2010 most popular ArcGIS Desktop Platform 17. What is the preferred measure for Web platform capacity? a. Peak displays per minute b. Peak displays per hour c. Peak concurrent users d. Peak displays per minute per user 18. How do we measure platform performance? a. Vendor SPECrate_int2006 benchmark published baseline b. Internal Platform Performance Validation Test Results c. Project and customer feedback d. Vendor platform announcements 19. What technology contributed most to user productivity gains over the past 10 years? a. Esri software performance improvements b. Hardware platform performance improvements c. Customer performance expectations d. Expanding GIS marketplace
Platform Performance 7-10
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 8 Information Security The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand the purpose and scope of Information Security Recognize the importance of different levels of security Identify some of the common security controls Understand who is responsible for security Recognize how much security is enough Identify reference sources for establishing security standards Understand Esri’s security role Identify source for current security trends Recognize Data Center Architecture best practices Understand options for deploying ArcGIS Server across a firewall
Firewall Configurations 1 2
WA Reverse- WA Proxy WA
SS Reverse- SS Proxy optional DS DS Private DMZ Private DMZ
3 4
WA WA SS SS DS DBMS DS Private DMZ DMZ Private Identify the configuration: 1. Most secure firewall configuration (security manager’s perspective)? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2. Most secure firewall configuration with data source on the private network. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 3. ArcGIS Server configured as a service supporting external Web applications across a firewall. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 4. All Web service components maintained and supported on the internal network. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
Information Security 8-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
5. What are the three CIA tenets? a. Confidence, Intelligence, Authority b. Centricity, Intuitively, Aggregation c. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability d. Central, Internet, Aggregate 6. What are the three types of security control? a. Internet, DMZ, Intranet b. Physical, Administrative, Technical c. Web, application, data d. Client, server, storage 7. What are the four areas of technical controls? a. Install, Deploy, Update, Maintain b. Plan, Test, Validate, Deploy c. LAN, WAN, Internet, Cloud d. Application, Host/Device, Network, Data 8. What data architecture provides the most security control options? a. Client/Server b. Web Applications c. Web Services d. Replication Services 9. What is the preferred ArcGIS Server firewall configuration? a. Web Service with Proxy Server b. Web Applications in DMZ c. All Web Services components in DMZ d. All Web Services components in DMZ except data source
Information Security 8-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 9 Performance Fundamentals The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand important performance parameters Understand how to manage system performance Recognize value of system performance models Understand system design workflow performance terminology Understand relationship between utilization and throughput Understand relationship between service and response time Understand relationship between utilization and queue time Understand how throughput can impact user productivity Understand system design network performance terminology Understand components that contribute to system performance Understand the importance of workflow performance validation Understand how to use the Capacity Planning Test tab performance validation tools
Peak performance measurements collected from live system operations or from simulated test loads can be used to identify service times for workflows used within the Capacity Planning Tool. Workflow service times provide a common link between measured throughput and utilization metrics and capacity planning. Use the Capacity Planning Tool test tab to translate measured throughput and utilization metrics for the WebMap project workflow. The following test configuration was used to validate WebMap workflow performance: • Software configured in a 3 tier SDE DBMS DC architecture o Note: Both SDE and SOC processing loads will be executed on the SOC machine • 1Gbps Network Bandwidth • Web server: Xeon 2 core (2 chip) 3200 MHz • ArcGIS Server Container machine: Xeon 2 core (2 chip) 3200 MHz • DBMS geodatabase: Xeon 2 core (2 chip) 3200 MHz Ten users were scheduled following a workflow training session to generate live loads on the test configuration. Web services throughput and platform utilization values were collected during the load exercise. Peak values collected during the exercise were used for establishing the Capacity Planning Workflow. • Peak throughput = 60 map displays per minute = 3600 TPH • Web server: roughly 3% CPU utilization • Server Container machine: 66.9% CPU utilization • SQL Server Geodatabase: 7.4% CPU utilization • Peak client traffic: 2 Mbps Use the Capacity Planning Test tab to translate throughput and utilization measures to user workflow service times.
Platform Performance 9-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
CPT Test TAB Results
1. Which answer identifies the Capacity Planning test workflow service times? a. WAS (0.060), SOC (1.338), DBMS (0.148) b. WAS (0.013), SOC (0.292), DBMS (0.032) c. WAS (0.056), SOC (0.196), DBMS (0.028) d. WAS (0.096), SOC (0.288), DBMS (0.048) Capacity Planning Tool transfers test workflow results to the Workflow Tab and can be selected on the Design Tab. CPT Test results can be transferred to project workflows for validation purposes. Test Workflow on CPT Workflow Tab.
Platform Performance 9-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
The workflow service times generated from test measurements can now be compared to the WebApp initial design performance targets.
2. What statement best represents the test findings? a. WebApp workflow is performing within the initial design performance targets b. WebApp SOC service times exceed initial design performance targets c. WebApp SDE service times are well below initial design performance targets d. WebApp DBMS service times exceed initial design performance targets CPT Design tab can be used to generate peak loads on the test system configuration using the CPT Test generated WebAppVal test workflow. Capacity Planning test workflow design
3. Identify peak throughput capacity (100 percent) for the test configuration (see column E below each platform tier)? a. 91 DPM (5K TPH) b. 824 DPM (49K TPH) c. 821 DPM (49K TPH) d. 7,462 DPM (448K TPH)
Platform Performance 9-3
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Upgrade the test configuration with three Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz platforms and identify peak throughput capacity for the test workflow.
4. What is the test workflow peak throughput capacity for the upgraded system (column E below each platform tier)? a. 90 DPM (5K TPH) b. 811 DPM (43K TPH) c. 821 DPM (49K TPH) d. 7,462 DPM (448K TPH) Plot a platform response time profile. Configure a DESIGN tab to calculate a series of load profiles. • Use the RemoteView_AGD10 WTS Citrix MXD Lite 100%Dyn 10x7 V ICA workflow • Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz server platforms; Intel Core i3_2120 3100 MHz client workstation • Set the Windows Terminal Server Fix Nodes cell (column H) to 1 which will limit number of server nodes to a single platform for this test. • Set the local bandwidth to 1000 Mbps • Select DBMS data source (software configuration data source cell R6). • Select cell E2 "Test" mode (test mode will adjust workflow productivity to match minimum think time for all active workflows – you must use the ADJUST function when in test mode). • Set the productivity RESET cell (AF2) to ADJUST so workflow productivity will adjust as platform load increases (workflow productivity will adjust to until calculated think time matches minimum think time).
Platform Performance 9-4
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
o You may need to reduce the blink intervals (AG2) to help Excel converge on the proper user productivity (E6 starts blinking RED) - the workflow peak user cell in column C or D will turn GREEN when user productivity is stabilized within the proper values. DESIGN configuration
Xeon E3-1280 4 core (1 chip) 3500 MHz Servers; Intel Core i3-2100 4 core (1 chip) 3100 MHz client workstation 100 Mbps LAN Bandwidth 5. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 20 concurrent users? a. 0.34 sec b. 0.68 sec c. 1.97 sec d. 2.53 sec 6. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 60 concurrent users? a. 0.34 sec b. 0.68 sec c. 1.97 sec d. 2.53 sec 7. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 80 concurrent users? a. 0.34 sec b. 0.68 sec c. 1.47 sec d. 2.48 sec
Platform Performance 9-5
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
8. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 90 concurrent users? Note: reduce Blink setting (AG2) when calculated think time adjust to less than zero (productivity RED) a. 1.47 sec b. 1.97 sec c. 2.22 sec d. 2.48 sec 9. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 95 concurrent users? a. 1.97 sec b. 2.53 sec c. 2.22 sec d. 2.48 sec 10. What is the ADJUSTED response time with 100 concurrent users? a. 2.53 sec b. 2.82 sec c. 2.48 sec d. 3.52 sec Plot results on the Platform Performance Profile chart below. • Plot the response time for the test series of 20, 60, 80, 90, 95, 100 concurrent users identified above.
NOTE: Make sure to move productivity reset to DEFAULT or SAVE. Platform Performance 9-6
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
BONUS QUESTIONS (CPT not required to answer these questions) 11. Why is Six Blind Men and the Elephant important? a. Fresh breath of air in the middle of an intense training session b. Provides insight on how people can better understand technology c. Introduces the value of modeling what we know about technology d. All of the above 12. How do we address performance sizing? a. Establish performance targets based on user experience b. Spend as much money as we can afford on hardware c. Build simple applications d. Buy the most current technology 13. What is platform capacity? a. Service time + Queue time b. Transaction x service time c. Throughput x service time / # core processors d. Throughput / utilization 14. What is platform display service time? a. Total platform processing time to service a display request b. Total time between client display request and resulting screen refresh c. Individual platform client display response time d. Total time for a platform to service a display request 15. How can we calculate display service time? a. Display refresh time / #core processors b. Utilization x 60 x response time (sec) / (#core processors x throughput) c. 60 sec x #core processors / Platform Capacity (DPM) d. 60 x Display response time (sec) / platform capacity (DPM) 16. What causes queue time? a. Inbound transaction request rate exceeds peak processing capacity b. Users think time exceeds system response time c. Data transport times exceed system service time d. System service times exceed user productivity rates 17. What primary performance factor determines platform capacity? a. Platform response time b. Platform service time c. Platform queue time d. Platform utilization 18. What performance factor converts platform capacity from DPM to concurrent users? a. User response time represented in seconds per user display b. Map service time represented in seconds per user display c. Platform utilization in terms of peak concurrent users User productivity represented by displays per minute per user
Platform Performance 9-7
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Platform Performance 9-8
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 10 Capacity Planning The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand how to define new custom workflows Understand how to add workflows to the CPT workflow tab Understand how to configure the CPT Design requirements analysis module Understand how to configure a virtual server machine Understand how to rename the CPT Design platform tier Understand how to complete the CPT Design software configuration
The first step in the design process is to create design workflows. Figure 10-1 provides an overview of the user workflow requirements for City of Portland Figure 11-1 User Needs Assessment
Use the Capacity Planning Standard Esri Workflows and the Calculator to create the Custom Workflow section on CPT Workflow tab for the following Portland Workflows. Portland Workflows 1. Local GIS Power User - Nickname suffix = DeskPower_
2. Remote GIS Editor - Nickname suffix = CitrixEdit_
3. Remote GIS Viewer - Nickname suffix = CitrixView_
4. Remote GIS Web Viewer - Nickname suffix = WebMap_
Capacity Planning 10-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Use the following procedures (skip if using class exercise handout): Standard Esri Workflows from the CPT Workflow tab (1, 2, and 3) • Find and Select desired Workflow row • Copy selected row • Select row location for insert (within Portland Workflows section) • "Insert copied cells" within Portland Workflows section • Rename workflow with nickname_full name format New Custom Workflows generated by CPT Calculator tab (4) • Calculator tab: Select Software Technology and Software Performance Parameters for desired workflow • Workflow tab: "Copy" template workflow row and "Insert Copied Cells" within Portland Workflows • Select and "Copy" Calculator workflow cells A through M • Select cell A of inserted Portland template workflow • "Paste Values" into Portland template workflow o Select and "Copy" name (cell A) of the new Portland workflow o Select and "Paste Values" to description (cell AI) of the new Portland workflow • Rename new Portland workflow with nickname_fullname format Portland Workflows
1. What is the Portland WebMap SOC service time? a. 0.024 b. 0.048 c. 0.054 d. 0.190 2. What is the Portland CitrixView DBMS service time? a. 0.024 b. 0.048 c. 0.054 d. 0.250 3. What is the Portland DeskPower Client service time? a. 0.380 b. 0.048 c. 0.054 d. 0.190
Capacity Planning 10-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Configure the Figure 10-1 Portland workflows in the CPT Design requirement module. Use the following procedure (skip if using class exercise handout): Create a copy of the design tab and label the new tab Portland 10.4 (select column group 3 to open all columns before making sheet copy to ensure workflow performance summary graphic copies properly) • Configure LAN section o Enter 1000 Mbps network bandwidth in column H o Delete extra rows (leave one workflow) o Select DeskPower workflow in column B o Enter 16 users in column C • Configure WAN section (set Data Center WAN bandwidth at 24 Mbps) o Configure two Remote Sites in the WAN section . Select and "Copy" GREEN row remote site template . Select remote site row location in WAN section and "Insert Copied Cells" . Make sure first remote site is located in top WAN row . Label WAN sites (MxFac_Maintenance Facility and Sandy_Sandy River) o Configure workflow rows for each site (2 workflows for each remote site) . Add workflow row if necessary • "Copy" existing workflow row as template • "Insert Copy Cells" to add new workflow row . Delete extra workflow rows as necessary . Set 18 Mbps for each remote site bandwidth in column H . Select following workflows for Maintenance Facility and Sandy River
. Set user requirements in column C and D (see above) . Set network traffic and user summation ranges (remote site network column E and F) • Configure Internet section (set Data Center Internet bandwidth at 12 Mbps) o Configure one remote site just below Data Center Internet connection . Name "Public_Internet Clients . Set remote site bandwidth = Data Center bandwidth Note: CPT compares remote site to Data Center bandwidth and uses lower value o Configure one workflow in the Internet section . Select WebMap workflow and set user requirements (48,000) in column D . Set network traffic and user summation ranges (remote site network column E and F)
Capacity Planning 10-3
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
4. What is the Sandy River site total network traffic? a. 0.14 Mbps b. 0.8 Mbps c. 24 Mbps d. 5.9 Mbps Portland plans to use a consolidated server configuration for their production environment. Server configuration will include the following: 2 rack mounted Intel Xeon 5687 8 core (2 chip) 3600 MHz physical platforms
Consolidated virtual server configuration: Citrix WTS: 2x VM (2 core 17 GB RAM) Xeon X5687 3600 MHz Web Public: 2x VM (2 core 17 GB RAM) Xeon X5687 3600 MHz Web Local: 2x VM (2 core 17 GB RAM) Xeon X5687 3600 MHz Primary DBMS: 1x VM (2 core 17 GB RAM) Xeon X5687 3600 MHz Failover DBMS: 1x VM (2 core 17 GB RAM) Xeon X5687 3600 MHz Configure platform tier for selected client desktop and server configuration • Select Intel Core i3-2120 2 core (1 chip) 3100 MHz client workstation • Rename platform tier and select client desktop and physical server configurations • Identify virtual server software in column I • Identify number of virtual server core/node in column I Platform tier assignment and platform selection
Capacity Planning 10-4
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
5. Why are server performance metrics shaded in PINK? a. Highlights the selected single chip platform configuration b. Identifies SOC software is executed on this platform tier c. Service time adjustment is applied due to virtual server configuration d. Capacity warning when platform exceeds 50 percent utilization Complete software configuration on proposed virtual server environment • Install virtual server software configuration o ArcGIS Desktop software for CitrixEdit workflows on WTS platform tier o Web software for WebMap local/WAN workflows on WebLocal (Default) platform tier o Web software for Webmap public workflow on WebPublic platform tier o SOC software on MapServer for all WebMap workflows o DBMS software on DBMS platform tier for all workflows
Portland Software Configuration
6. What virtual server platform hosts the Internet Web Mapping software? a. WTS tier b. WebLocal tier c. MapServer tier d. WebPublic tier
Capacity Planning 10-5
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Complete the Portland CPT Design solution Excel completes the System Architecture Design
7. How many physical servers were used to support this configuration? a. One (1) Xeon X5687 8 core (2 chip) 3600 MHz server b. Two (2) Intel Xeon X5687 8 core (2 chip) 3600 MHz servers c. Three (3) Xeon X5687 8 core (2 chip) 3600 MHz servers d. Four (4) Xeon X5687 8 core (2 chip) 3600 MHz servers 8. What is the Sandy River WAN client ArcGIS Server WebMap application display response time? a. 0.67 sec b. 0.19 sec c. 0.56 sec d. 0.24 sec 9. What is the Sandy River WAN ArcGIS Desktop Citrix View display response time? a. 0.67 sec b. 0.19 sec c. 0.56 sec d. 0.24 sec
Capacity Planning 10-6
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
BONUS Questions (CPT not needed for the remaining questions) 10. When does the workflow productivity cell turn YELLOW? a. When response time cannot be supported at the listed productivity. b. When configuring a batch process. c. When workflow user think time is less than specified minimum think time. d. When system queue time exceeds 1 second. 11. When does the network traffic cells turn RED? a. When network traffic exceeds available bandwidth. b. When response time exceeds network transfer time. c. When platform service time exceeds network transfer time. d. When traffic exceeds 50% of available bandwidth. 12. When does the workflow productivity cell turn RED? a. When minimum think time is zero b. When calculated think time is less than zero c. When "TEST" is selected in cell E1 d. All of the above
Capacity Planning 10-7
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Capacity Planning 10-8
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Section 11 City of Rome (City of Portland use case) The objectives of this lesson are to: Understand when to do GIS requirements planning Understand why to build on existing IT investments Understand impact of user locations and network connectivity Understand importance of a user needs workflow analysis Understand how to establish workflow performance targets Understand value of network suitability analysis Understand importance of proper hardware platform selection Understand how to address multiple network environments Understand how to address multiple implementation milestones Understand how to use the Capacity Planning Design tools to complete the system architecture design
The following City of Portland user requirements represent a City Hall environment with three departments and two separate remote locations. ArcGIS Desktop is the client application used for spatial data maintenance and a geodatabase is used as the spatial database. ArcGIS Server is used to support Web Services. The user application needs requirements are identified in Figure 11-1. Figure 11-2 provides a summary of the centralized platform configuration strategy. Figure 11-1 User Needs Assessment
City of Rome 11-1
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Figure 11-2 Centralized Configuration Strategy
Use the capacity planning tool to build a year 1 peak workflow platform sizing model. Use the capacity planning tool to complete the City of Portland requirements analysis. Provide a workflow to represent each of the software applications included in the user needs assessment (ArcInfo, ArcEditor, ArcView, and ArcGIS Server). City Hall desktop clients will use existing workstations, remote desktop client will use Citrix Terminal clients, and Web Services will support Browser clients from the City Hall data center. The central geodatabase server will be located in the IT Data Center. Save a copy of the completed capacity planning workbook to document your design solution. Suggested DESIGN procedure to build the City of Portland capacity planning model. • Save new CPT as a City of Portland workbook. • Establish Portland workflows on the CPT Workflow tab (assign workflow name) o ArcGIS Desktop ArcInfo (AI) Power users (DeskPower_ArcGIS Desktop Power) (CitrixPower_Remote ArcGIS Desktop Power)
o ArcGIS Desktop Editors (DeskEdit_ArcGIS Desktop Editor) (CitrixEdit_Remote ArcGIS Desktop Editor)
o ArcGIS Desktop Viewer (DeskView_ArcGIS Desktop Viewer) (CitrixView_Remote ArcGIS Desktop Viewer)
o ArcGIS Server internal Web mapping application (WebLocal_ArcGIS Server Internal Web Service)
o ArcGIS Server REST MSD Public Web mapping application (WebPublic_ArcGIS Server Public Web Service)
City of Rome 11-2
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Figure 11-3 City of Portland Workflow Names and Description
Figure 11-4 City of Portland Workflow Performance Targets
1. What is the medium ArcGIS Desktop client (DeskPower) Arc11 service time? a. 0.065 sec b. 0.260 sec c. 0.278 sec d. 0.380 sec 2. What is the ArcGIS Server WebLocal Arc11 SOC service time? a. 0.065 sec b. 0.260 sec c. 0.278 sec d. 0.019 sec 3. What is the ArcGIS Server WebPublic Arc11 SOC service time? a. 0.065 sec b. 0.300 sec c. 0.440 sec d. 0.380 sec
City of Rome 11-3
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Building the City Hall year 1 design City of Portland Year 1 User Requirements
Completing user requirements for the first year is the biggest design effort. Future year upgrades and design alternatives can be modified from the initial design template. Recommended DESIGN procedure: • Make a copy of the DESIGN tab and label CHy1 (City Hall Year 1) • Configure Maintenance Facility and Sandy River WAN sites within the WAN network segment o Copy bottom GREEN row and insert in WAN network to establish two remote sites o Include remote site name in column B for each GREEN row (include Nickname prefix) • Configure Public Internet site within the Internet network segment o Public Internet GREEN row includes all Internet Web clients • Select and Insert workflow rows for each site to match user requirements o City Hall and Maintenance Facility require 4 workflows each o Sandy River requires 2 workflows o Public Internet requires 1 workflow • Select the appropriate Portland Workflows for each site o Select Portland workflows from dropdown list in column B o Identify projected Year 1 peak users for each workflow in column C and services in Column D . Services can be configured using peak users or TPH based on D4 selection • Configure client network totals in column E for each site. o Select site cell in column E. o Select formula field in header to expose SUM range. o Update SUM range to include all site workflows in column C. • Configure network traffic totals in Column F for each site. o Select site cell in column F. o Select formula field in header to expose SUM range. o Update SUM range to include all site workflows in column G.
City of Rome 11-4
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
• Configure site bandwidth connections for each network row in column H. o Existing City Hall Data Center bandwidth connections on the GREY rows. . 1000 Mbps LAN connection . 1.5 Mbps WAN and Internet service provider connections. o Existing remote site bandwidth connections on the GREEN rows. . 1.5 Mbps WAN site connections . Set Public Internet GREEN row same as Data Center GREY row Answer the following questions about the user requirements configuration 4. What does the RED background color in the DESIGN network traffic cells indicate? a. Network bandwidth exceeds network traffic. b. Network traffic exceeds available bandwidth. c. User productivity needs to be increased. d. User think time is less than zero. 5. What does the RED background color in the DESIGN user productivity cells indicate? a. Network bandwidth exceeds network traffic. b. Network traffic exceeds network bandwidth. c. User productivity needs to be increased. d. Calculated user think time is less than minimum think time.
Set initial Data Center platform configuration Portland Initial Platform Configuration
• Identify platform tier nicknames and select current technology servers o Client platform, select Intel Core i3-2120 2 core (1 chip) 3100 MHz (client desktop) o Virtual machines deployed on Xeon X5690 12 core (2 chip) 3466 MHz physical servers o WTS Citrix platform tier 07, nickname = WTS, 2 core virtual machines o Select two tier architecture for Local and Public ArcGIS Server Web mapping services . Platform tier 08 nickname = "WebLocal", 2 core virtual servers . Platform tier 09 nickname = "WebPublic", 2 core virtual servers o DBMS platform tier 10, nickname = DBMS, 2 core virtual server
City of Rome 11-5
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
6. Why is there no processing load on Tier 07 and Tier 08? a. There are no user requirements identified for internal or public web mapping services b. Platform tier names changed without updating the software configuration c. Peak system loads exceed available platform capacity d. Platform tiers have been configured as virtual machines
Complete Portland Year 1 workflow software installation • WTS Citrix software installed on WTS platform tier • Select platform install for Web, SOC software o WebLocal platforms selected for default (local Web Mapping services) o WebPublic platforms selected for Public InternetWeb mapping workflow • Default (direct connect) architecture selected for SDE • DBMS software installed on DBMS platform tier • SDE_DBMS selected as data source for all workflows Portland City Hall Year 1 Install
7. What platforms host SDE executables for the Desktop workstation workflows? a. Client workstations b. WTS platforms c. ArcGIS Server SOC platforms (WebLocal or WebPublic) d. DBMS platform
City of Rome 11-6
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
The Capacity Planning Design will highlight network performance issues. Recommended Network Upgrades
Recommended Procedure • Network Suitability Analysis o Site and Data Center traffic that exceeds network capacity identified by RED in columns F and G. o Recommend network upgrade equal to about twice projected traffic levels o Coordinate with Network Administrator on final bandwidth recommendations . Network Administrator should be aware of existing traffic loads . Available bandwidth should accommodate twice total projected traffic loads o Network Administrator budget should include bandwidth upgrades 8. What is the projected Maintenance Facility WAN traffic load? a. 1.5 Mbps b. 3.1 Mbps c. 10.0 Mbps d. 13.3 Mbps 9. What is the projected ArcGIS Server public Internet traffic? a. 1.5 Mbps b. 3.1 Mbps c. 10.0 Mbps d. 13.3 Mbps
City of Rome 11-7
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Increasing network bandwidth to more than twice the network traffic will resolve network performance problems. Increase network bandwidth to support year 1 peak workflow loads. • Increase Data Center WAN connection to 45 Mbps (T3 connection) • Increase Maintenance Facility WAN connection to 24 Mbps (3 T2 connections) • Increase Sandy River WAN connection to 6 Mbps (T2 connection) • Increase Data Center Internet connection to 45 Mbps (T3 connection) o Public Internet sites (group) should have same bandwidth as Data Center o Network analysis compares Data Center and Remote Site bandwidth and uses the smaller value Year 1 Network Bandwidth Upgrades (Centralized City Hall)
10. What does a YELLOW cell in the site traffic summary represent? a. WAN traffic exceeds 25% bandwidth capacity b. WAN traffic exceeds 50% bandwidth capacity c. WAN traffic exceeds 75% bandwidth capacity d. WAN traffic exceeds 100% bandwidth capacity 11. What clients experience the fastest map service display times? a. LAN clients b. Maintenance Facility (MxFac) clients c. Sandy River clients d. Public clients (assume 45 Mbps client connection) 12. What clients experience the slowest WebLocal workflow display response times? a. LAN clients b. Sandy River clients c. Maintenance Facility (MxFac) clients d. Public clients
City of Rome 11-8
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Portland Year 1 Workflow Performance Summary
13. Why is the WebLocal LAN response time faster than the Sandy River client display? a. LAN clients are closer than the Sandy River clients b. LAN traffic is higher than the WAN traffic c. Sandy River WAN bandwidth is less than the LAN bandwidth connections d. Data Center LAN network utilization is higher than the Sandy River WAN connection 14. Which client site experiences the slowest WebLocal response time? a. LAN clients b. Sandy River clients c. Maintenance Facility (MxFac) clients d. Public clients
City of Rome 11-9
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Use the capacity planning tool to identify hardware requirements to support the centralized City of Portland year 1 implementation. • Use Xeon X5690 12 core (2 chip) 3466 MHz servers for virtual server physical platform tier • Use high available server nodes to support platform capacity solution (80 percent capacity rollover). • Increase DBMS to 4 core virtual server to reduce peak utilization and improve display performance. Centralized City Hall Year 1
15. Identify the recommended number of Windows Terminal Server platforms? a. 5x 2 core virtual servers (83% of Xeon X5690 12 core physical server) b. 2x 2 core virtual servers (17% of Xeon X5690 12 core physical server) c. 3x 2 core virtual servers (25% of Xeon X5690 12 core physical server) d. 4x 2 core virtual servers (33% of Xeon X5690 12 core physical server) 16. Identify the ArcGIS Server licensing requirements? a. License for up to 4 core processors b. License for up to 6 core processors c. License for up to 8 core processors d. License for up to 10 core processors
City of Rome 11-10
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Use the capacity planning model to identify year 2 peak WAN traffic requirements.
Recommended Procedure • Make a copy of the City Hall Year 1 capacity planning model to a separate worksheet tab and update the user requirements. Year 2 Workflow Requirements (Centralized City Hall)
City of Rome 11-11
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
City Hall Year 2 Workflow Performance Summary
17. What is the Maintenance Facility bandwidth utilization (Cell I12)? a. 54 percent b. 84 percent c. 69 percent d. 59 percent 18. Which client site experiences the slowest WebLocal response time? a. Public clients b. LAN clients c. Sandy River clients d. Maintenance Facility (MxFac) clients
City of Rome 11-12
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
The existing WAN site traffic contention is restricting display performance. • Upgrade WAN remote site network connections to accommodate higher traffic o Upgrade Maintenance Facility WAN connection to 45 Mbpd (T3 connection) o Upgrade Sandy River WAN connection to 12 Mbps (2 T2 connections) Upgraded City Hall Year 2 Bandwidth connections
1. Which client site experiences the slowest WebLocal response time? a. Maintenance Facility (MxFac) clients b. Sandy River clients c. LAN clients d. Public clients
City of Rome 11-13
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Identify hardware requirements for the centralized Portland year 2 implementation. • Windows Terminal Servers – 2 core virtual servers on Xeon X5690 12 core physical servers. • Web Mapping Servers - 2 core virtual servers on Xeon X5690 12 core physical servers. • Database Server – increase to 6 core virtual server on Xeon X5690 12 core physical server.
Year 2 Platform Configuration Strategy (Centralized City Hall)
2. Identify the recommended number of Windows Terminal Server 2 core virtual machines? a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9 3. Identify the ArcGIS Server licensing requirements? a. License for up to 4 core processors b. License for up to 8 core processors c. License for up to 10 core processors d. License for up to 12 core processors
City of Rome 11-14
System Architecture Design Strategies Class Exercises
Class Exercise Answer Sheet
Lesson 1: 1d, 2d, 3b, 4b, 5c, 6d, 7b, 8c, 9a, 10d, 11d, 12c, 13a, 14d, 15d Lesson 2: 1c, 2d, 3a, 4c, 5a, 6b, 7a, 8a, 9b, 10c, 11d, 12c Lesson 3: 1c, 2d, 3c, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9d,10c, 11a, 12c, 13c, 14d, 15c Lesson 4: 1c, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7d, 8c, 9b, 10a, 11d, 12d, 13b Lesson 5: 1c, 2b, 3c, 4b, 5c, 6b, 7d, 8c, 9b, 10c, 11b, 12d, 13c, 14c, 15b, 16c, 17c, 18c. Lesson 6: 1c, 2b, 3d, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7d, 8a, 9c, 10b, 11c, 12c, 13b, 14a, 15c, 16b. Lesson 7: 1c, 2d, 3c, 4d, 5c, 6a, 7c, 8a, 9b, 10b, 11c, 12b, 13c, 14b, 15c, 16c, 17b, 18a, 19b. Lesson 8: 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a, 5c, 6b, 7d, 8c, 9a. Lesson 9: 1b, 2a, 3a, 4c, 5a, 6b, 7c, 8b, 9c, 10c, 11d, 12a, 13d, 14a, 15c, 16a, 17b, 18d. Lesson 10: 1c, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6d, 7b, 8b, 9c, 10c, 11a, 12d. Lesson 11: 1d, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5d, 6b, 7a, 8c, 9d, 10b, 11d, 12b, 13c, 14b, 15a, 16c, 17b, 18d, 19b, 20c, 21d.
Answer Sheet