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Traffic Engineering with Multi-Protocol Label Switching Master Thesis Computer Science Thesis no: MCS-2008-32 August 2008 Traffic Engineering with Multi-Protocol Label Switching Performance Comparison with IP networks By MUHAMMAD NAEEM ASLAM YASSAR AZIZ Department of Interaction and System Design School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Box 520 SE – 372 25 Ronneby Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Department of Interaction and System Design, School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. The thesis is equivalent to 20 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information: Yassar Aziz Folkparksvagen 10, Room 10 Ronneby, 37240 yasmart18@gmail.com Muhammad Naeem Aslam nomyaslam@gmail.com Studentvagen 01, Room 37 Ronneby, 37240 University advisor(s): Dr. Lawrence Edward Henesey Department of System and Software Engineering Department of Systems and Software Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Internet : www.bth.se/tek Box 520 Phone : +46 457 38 50 00 SE – 372 25 Ronneby Fax : + 46 457 102 45 Sweden ii ABSTRACT Traffic Engineering (TE) is the stage which deals with geometric design planning and traffic operation of networks, network devices and relationship of routers for the transportation of data. TE is that feature of network engineering which concentrate on problems of performance optimization of operational networks. It involves techniques and application of knowledge to gain performance objectives, which includes movement of data through network, reliability, planning of network capacity and efficient use of network resources. This thesis addresses the problems of traffic engineering and suggests a solution by using the concept of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). We have done simulation in Matlab environment to compare the performance of MPLS against the IP network in a simulated environment. MPLS is a modern technique for forwarding network data. It broadens routing according to path controlling and packet forwarding. In this thesis MPLS is computed on the basis of its performance, efficiency for sending data from source to destination. A MATLAB based simulation tool is developed to compare MPLS with IP network in a simulated environment. The results show the performance of MPLS network in comparison of IP network. Keywords: Traffic Engineering, Multi-Protocol Label Switching, Internet Protocol. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Almighty Allah, whose blessings have always been enormous and who gave us the ability and strength to complete this task. We would like to dedicate our thesis to all our family members, who taught us the value of education, our teachers who always tried their best to clarify the key concepts of the study and kept us on the right track and last but not the least to all our sweet friends who supported us throughout the whole master‟s thesis. It is a great honor and privilege for us to record this deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our honorable supervisor Dr. Larry Henesey who guided us during the thesis work. He was always there to help us. We are also thankful to Dr. Guohua Bai who extended us his every help and made it possible for us to accomplish our thesis. It would be unfair not to mention our colleagues whose silent support let us complete our Masters studies. It was a wonderful experience with all of them. 2 Table of Contents I ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ 7 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................... 8 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS .......................................................................................................... 9 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS .................................................................................................... 9 1.4 EXPECTED OUTCOMES ......................................................................................................... 10 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 10 1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 11 2 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.1 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2 IP ROUTING ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 FUNCTIONALITY OF IP ROUTING .......................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 No Better Service ............................................................................................................ 17 2.3.2 Class of Service (CoS) .................................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Scalability ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Recovery of IP Route ...................................................................................................... 18 2.4 ATM NETWORKS MODEL .................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 Utilization of Bandwidth ................................................................................................. 19 2.4.2 IP Network Management and ATM ................................................................................ 19 2.4.3 Scalability ....................................................................................................................... 20 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION/GOALS ......................................................................................... 22 3.1 PROBLEMS ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Issues in Traffic Engineering .......................................................................................... 22 3.2 GOAL ................................................................................................................................... 23 4 MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING ......................................................................... 24 4.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 MPLS HEADER ................................................................................................................. 24 4.3 MPLS FUNCTIONALITY ....................................................................................................... 25 4.4 COMPONENTS OF THE MPLS TRAFFIC ENGINEERING MODEL .............................................. 26 4.4.1 Path Management ........................................................................................................... 26 4.4.2 Traffic Assignment .......................................................................................................... 26 4.4.3 Network State Information Dissemination ...................................................................... 26 4.4.4 Network Management ..................................................................................................... 27 4.5 MPLS NETWORK PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................... 27 4.6 WHY MPLS FOR TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ............................................................................. 28 4.6.1 MPLS Quick Rerouting ................................................................................................... 28 4.6.2 Routing Hierarchy and Label Stacking ........................................................................... 28 4.6.3 Merging .......................................................................................................................... 28 4.6.4 Loop Prevention and Detection ...................................................................................... 29 4.6.5 Label Allocations and Forwarding ................................................................................. 29 4.7 MPLS SIGNALING PROTOCOLS ............................................................................................ 30 4.7.1 Constraint Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) ................................ 30 4.7.2 Resource Reservation Protocol Signaling (RSVP) ......................................................... 31 4.8 COMPARISON BETWEEN CR-LDP AND RSVP .....................................................................
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