Transborder Ethnic Kin (TEK) Groups Atlas
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Statelessness and Citizenship in the East African Community
Statelessness and Citizenship in the East African Community A Study by Bronwen Manby for UNHCR September 2018 Commissioned by UNHCR Regional Service Centre, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY 2 September 2018 STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... i List of Boxes ................................................................................................................................ i Methodology and acknowledgements ...................................................................................... ii A note on terminology: “nationality”, “citizenship” and “stateless person” ........................... iii Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. iv Key findings and recommendations ....................................................................... 1 1. Summary ........................................................................................................... 3 Overview of the report .............................................................................................................. 4 Key recommendations .............................................................................................................. 5 Steps already taken .................................................................................................................. -
Diplomarbeit
DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Historische und ethnographische Betrachtungen der Sprachenpolitik Namibias Verfasser Reinhard Mayerhofer angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 328 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Allgem./Angew. Sprachwissenschaft Betreuer: ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rudolf de Cillia Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagungen 5 Einleitung 7 1. Linguistik und Kolonialismus 1.1. Linguistische Prozesse der Kolonisierung 1.1.1. Die Vorgeschichte des Kolonialismus 11 1.1.2. Der Prozess der Kolonisierung 13 1.1.3. Die Folgen der Kolonisierung 16 1.2. Identität – Kultur – Ideologie 19 1.3. Europäischer und afrikanischer Kulturbegriff 21 2. Methoden 2.1. Einleitung 26 2.2. Sprachenportraits 28 2.3. Das narrativ-biographische Interview 2.3.1. Interviewführung 30 2.3.2. Auswertung 31 2.4. Ethnographie des Sprachwechsels 32 2.5. Methodisches Resümee 34 3. Historische Betrachtungen I: Geschichte Namibias 37 3.1. Das staatslose Namibia 3.1.1. Frühe Geschichte 39 3.1.2. Missionen 43 3.2. Kolonisierung durch das deutsche Kaiserreich (1884-1915) 3.2.1. Bildung „Deutsch-Südwestafrikas“ 46 3.2.2. Hochphase der deutschen Kolonisierung 50 3.3. Erster und Zweiter Weltkrieg 53 3.4. Apartheid 56 3.4.1. Bantu-Education: Das Bildungssystem der Apartheid 57 3.4.2. Bewaffneter Widerstand, UNO-Sanktionen und Unabhängigkeit 63 3.5. Die ersten Jahre der Unabhängigkeit (1990-2000) 67 4. Historische Betrachtungen II: Sprachenpolitik in Namibia 4.1. Koloniale Sprachenpolitik 71 4.2. Postkoloniale Sprachenpolitik 77 3 5. Ethnographische Betrachtungen: Jüngste Entwicklungen und aktuelle Situation 5.1. Biographische Analyse 5.1.1. Überblick: Sprachverteilung in den Portraits 84 5.1.2. -
A Gendered Socio-Economic History of Malawian Women's
“We faced Mabvuto”: A Gendered Socio-economic History of Malawian Women’s Migration and Survival in Harare, 1940 to 1980. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY IREEN MUDEKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Name of Adviser: Allen F. Isaacman, Name of Co-adviser: Helena Pohlandt McCormick October 2011 © IREEN MUDEKA Acknowledgements I owe a great debt of gratitude to many friends, colleagues and everyone who provided moral and intellectual support from the period when I started research on this dissertation until its completion. I am very thankful to all Malawian women and men in Rugare, Mufakose, Highfield and Mbare townships of Harare, Zimbabwe and to those in Mpondabwino and Mbayani townships of Zomba and Blantyre who took the time to talk to me about their personal lives. Because of their generosity, they became not just informants but my teachers, mothers, sisters and friends. In Harare, I especially want to thank Mrs. Tavhina Masongera of Rugare for going beyond sharing her life experiences with me to take me under her wing and provide a bridge between me and other women in the townships of Harare as well as of Malawi. Mrs. Masongera took the time to travel with me all the way to Malawi where she introduced me to many women who had lived in Harare during the colonial period. Without her, I would not have known where to begin as a migrant in a country that I was visiting for the very first time. -
Abstract African and African
ABSTRACT AFRICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES HILL, ERNESS A. B.A. SPELMAN COLLEGE, 1998 REFLECTIONS OF THE PAST: THE CASE OF MOZAMBICAN ART. THE MACONDE AND THE SHETANI Advisor: Dr. Mustafah Dhada Thesis dated December, 2000 This thesis examines to what extent the shetani icon in Maconde Art has been elevated to the status of deity; and what powers it has been endowed with to transform the lives of its "worshippers." The investigation was based on the observation that, although not a recognized 'god' in the traditional Maconde form of worship, nor that of Mozambique, the shetani’s appearance in Mozambican art was consistent and abundant. The investigative approach used was a comparative analysis of three internationally known Mozambican artists, two of which are Maconde. The researcher found that with all three artists, the shetani was an obvious element in their artistic renderings and in each instance, their individual lives, though not unique, were charged with suffering and unhappiness. The conclusion drawn from this investigation suggests that, although created by a Maconde for the purpose of patronage, the shetani icon has become a 'deity' not only for the Maconde, but for Mozambicans, as well. While not 'worshipped' in the sense that Westerners worship, it has been endowed with powers that transform the lives of those who identify with it. At the very least, it has been endowed with the power to promote their artistic abilities with a view to catalyzing greater creativity. REFLECTIONS OF THE PAST: THE CASE OF MOZAMBICAN ART, THE MACONDE AND THE SHETANI A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CLARK ATLANTA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY ERNESS A. -
Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity. -
The Journey of Vodou from Haiti to New Orleans: Catholicism
THE JOURNEY OF VODOU FROM HAITI TO NEW ORLEANS: CATHOLICISM, SLAVERY, THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION IN SAINT- DOMINGUE, AND IT’S TRANSITION TO NEW ORLEANS IN THE NEW WORLD HONORS THESIS Presented to the Honors College of Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation in the Honors College by Tyler Janae Smith San Marcos, Texas December 2015 THE JOURNEY OF VODOU FROM HAITI TO NEW ORLEANS: CATHOLICISM, SLAVERY, THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION IN SAINT- DOMINGUE, AND ITS TRANSITION TO NEW ORLEANS IN THE NEW WORLD by Tyler Janae Smith Thesis Supervisor: _____________________________ Ronald Angelo Johnson, Ph.D. Department of History Approved: _____________________________ Heather C. Galloway, Ph.D. Dean, Honors College Abstract In my thesis, I am going to delve into the origin of the religion we call Vodou, its influences, and its migration from Haiti to New Orleans from the 1700’s to the early 1800’s with a small focus on the current state of Vodou in New Orleans. I will start with referencing West Africa, and the religion that was brought from West Africa, and combined with Catholicism in order to form Vodou. From there I will discuss the effect a high Catholic population, slavery, and the Haitian Revolution had on the creation of Vodou. I also plan to discuss how Vodou has changed with the change of the state of Catholicism, and slavery in New Orleans. As well as pointing out how Vodou has affected the formation of New Orleans culture, politics, and society. Introduction The term Vodou is derived from the word Vodun which means “spirit/god” in the Fon language spoken by the Fon people of West Africa, and brought to Haiti around the sixteenth century. -
Adult Authority, Social Conflict, and Youth Survival Strategies in Post Civil War Liberia
‘Listen, Politics is not for Children:’ Adult Authority, Social Conflict, and Youth Survival Strategies in Post Civil War Liberia. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Henryatta Louise Ballah Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Drs. Ousman Kobo, Advisor Antoinette Errante Ahmad Sikianga i Copyright by Henryatta Louise Ballah 2012 ii Abstract This dissertation explores the historical causes of the Liberian civil war (1989- 2003), with a keen attention to the history of Liberian youth, since the beginning of the Republic in 1847. I carefully analyzed youth engagements in social and political change throughout the country’s history, including the ways by which the civil war impacted the youth and inspired them to create new social and economic spaces for themselves. As will be demonstrated in various chapters, despite their marginalization by the state, the youth have played a crucial role in the quest for democratization in the country, especially since the 1960s. I place my analysis of the youth in deep societal structures related to Liberia’s colonial past and neo-colonial status, as well as the impact of external factors, such as the financial and military support the regime of Samuel Doe received from the United States during the cold war and the influence of other African nations. I emphasize that the socio-economic and political policies implemented by the Americo- Liberians (freed slaves from the U.S.) who settled in the country beginning in 1822, helped lay the foundation for the civil war. -
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria. -
Beck Sociolinguistic Profile Herero
SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROFILE OTJIHERERO IN NAMIBIA AND IN OMATJETE ROSE MARIE BECK Sociolinguistic profiles vary in scope, depth, differentiation etc. For the following pro- file I have chosen 11 aspects, of which it will not be possible to answer all of them with information pertaining to the Omatjete area (see map on p. 3). Much of what I write here is based on Rajmund Ohly‘s excellent sociolinguistic history of Herero (—The destabilization of the Herero language, 1987). Where it was possible I have in- cluded information specific to Omatjete. Aspects of a sociolinguistic profile 1. Classification, dialectal variation and differentiation, regional distribution, num- ber of speakers 2. Linguistic features: phonolgoy, morphology, syntax, lexicon (often with special reference to loanwords) 3. Who speaks it? 4. With which proficiency (L1, L2, L3 …) Grammatical, functional, cultural, ora- ture/literature? 5. Literacy 6. Domains (i.e. ”socio-culturally recognized spheres of activity‘ in which a lan- guage is used, a —social nexus which brings people together primarily for a cluster of purposes - … and primarily for a certain set of role-relations“ (Fishman 1965:72; 75). Spheres of activities may be: home, village, church, school, shop/market, recreation, wider communication, government and ad- ministration, work 7. Language attitudes and choice 8. Multilingualism and polyglossia 9. Language policy 10. Language development: - promotion and publication - codification - standardisation and education - foreign scholar involvement 11. Language vitality: positive, negative, and key factors 1 1. Classification, dialectal variation and differentiation, regional distribution, number of speakers Herero is a Bantu language (Niger Congo œ Benue-Kongo œ Bantoid œ Southern œ Narrow Bantu œ Central), classified according to Guthrie (1948) as R30. -
Elenco Provvisorio Degli Enti Del Volontariato 2012
Elenco provvisorio degli enti del volontariato 2012: dalla lettera D alla lettera Z CODICE DENOMINAZIONE FISCALE INDIRIZZO COMUNE CAP PR 1 D COME DONNA 91531260155 LARGO CARABINIERI D'ITALIA 1 SEGRATE 20090 MI VIALE XXIV MAGGIO SNC(C/O OSP 2 D- PROJECT ONLUS 90062510582 SAN G MARINO 00047 RM 3 D.A.S. DIRITTO ALLA SALUTE ONLUS 92034880606 PIAZZA INNOCENZO III N 10 ANAGNI 03012 FR 4 D.J. CAMPANIA 95156590630 VIA CALATA S MARCO 4 NAPOLI 80132 NA 5 D.O.M.O. DONATORI OSSOLANI MIDOLLO OSSEO 92008890037 LARGO CADUTI LAGER NAZISTI N 1 DOMODOSSOLA 28845 VB 6 D.U.C.A. ONLUS 92542140154 VIA STREPPONI N 30 LODI 26900 LO DA AMICI VIVIAMO INSIEME DIVIDENDO ESPERIENZE 7 SOC.COOP. SOCIALE A R.L. - DAVIDE 02170610303 VIA MATTEOTTI 19/G TOLMEZZO 33028 UD 8 DA DONNA A DONNA ONUS 02918610797 VIA CAVOUR,CONDOMINIO SIRIO VIBO VALENTIA 89900 VV 9 DA KUCHIPUDI A.... 95089980247 C SO S S FELICE E FORTUNATO 108 VICENZA 36100 VI 10 DA QUI ALL'UMANITA' 97468120585 VIA GIAMPIETRO FERRARI 19 ROMA 00126 RM 11 DACCAPO - ASSOCIAZIONE TRAUMA CRANICO 92170370289 VIA SANTA MARIA IN VANZO 27 PADOVA 35123 PD DACHVERBAND FUER NATUR UND UMWELTSCHUTZ IN 12 SUEDTIROL 94005310217 KORNPLATZ 10 BOLZANO .BOZEN. 39100 BZ DACHVERBAND FUER SOZIALES UND GESUNDHEIT/FEDERAZIONE PER IL SOCIALE E LA 13 SANITA 90011870210 VIA DR STREITER 4 BOLZANO .BOZEN. 39100 BZ SANT'AMBROGIO DI 14 DADA MAISHA 0NLUS 93192570237 VIA DELLA TORRE 2-B VALPOLICELLA 37015 VR STRADA SCARTAZZA 180 - SAN 15 DADA' SOCIETA' COOPERATIVA SOCIALE 03001710361 DAMASO MODENA 41100 MO 16 DADO MAGICO COOPERATIVA SOCIALE A R.L. -
On the Economic Origins of Constraints on Women's Sexuality
On the Economic Origins of Constraints on Women’s Sexuality Anke Becker* November 5, 2018 Abstract This paper studies the economic origins of customs aimed at constraining female sexuality, such as a particularly invasive form of female genital cutting, restrictions on women’s mobility, and norms about female sexual behavior. The analysis tests the anthropological theory that a particular form of pre-industrial economic pro- duction – subsisting on pastoralism – favored the adoption of such customs. Pas- toralism was characterized by heightened paternity uncertainty due to frequent and often extended periods of male absence from the settlement, implying larger payoffs to imposing constraints on women’s sexuality. Using within-country vari- ation across 500,000 women in 34 countries, the paper shows that women from historically more pastoral societies (i) are significantly more likely to have under- gone infibulation, the most invasive form of female genital cutting; (ii) are more restricted in their mobility, and hold more tolerant views towards domestic vio- lence as a sanctioning device for ignoring such constraints; and (iii) adhere to more restrictive norms about virginity and promiscuity. Instrumental variable es- timations that make use of the ecological determinants of pastoralism support a causal interpretation of the results. The paper further shows that the mechanism behind these patterns is indeed male absenteeism, rather than male dominance per se. JEL classification: I15, N30, Z13 Keywords: Infibulation; female sexuality; paternity uncertainty; cultural persistence. *Harvard University, Department of Economics and Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; [email protected]. 1 Introduction Customs, norms, and attitudes regarding the appropriate behavior and role of women in soci- ety vary widely across societies and individuals. -
TRC of Liberia Final Report Volum Ii
REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II: CONSOLIDATED FINAL REPORT This volume constitutes the final and complete report of the TRC of Liberia containing findings, determinations and recommendations to the government and people of Liberia Volume II: Consolidated Final Report Table of Contents List of Abbreviations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............. i Acknowledgements <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... iii Final Statement from the Commission <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<............... v Quotations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 1 1.0 Executive Summary <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.1 Mandate of the TRC <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 2 1.2 Background of the Founding of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 3 1.3 History of the Conflict <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<................ 4 1.4 Findings and Determinations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 6 1.5 Recommendations <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 12 1.5.1 To the People of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 12 1.5.2 To the Government of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<. <<<<<<. 12 1.5.3 To the International Community <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 13 2.0 Introduction <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 14 2.1 The Beginning <<................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Profile of Commissioners of the TRC of Liberia <<<<<<<<<<<<.. 14 2.3 Profile of International Technical Advisory Committee <<<<<<<<<. 18 2.4 Secretariat and Specialized Staff <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 20 2.5 Commissioners, Specialists, Senior Staff, and Administration <<<<<<.. 21 2.5.1 Commissioners <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 22 2.5.2 International Technical Advisory