AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 Jeeef<e&keÀ ÒeefleJesove Annual Report 2015-16 efmeb®eeF& peue ÒeyebOeve Hej DeefKeue Yeejleer³e meceefvJele DevegmebOeeve Heefj³eespevee All India Coordinated Research Project on Irrigation Water Management Yeeke=ÀDevegHe-Yeejleer³e peue ÒeyebOeve mebmLeeve Yeejleer³e ke=Àef<e DevegmebOeeve Heefj<eo YegJevesMJej, Deesef[Mee, Yeejle ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Organization) Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India 1 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 Published by Dr. S.K. Ambast Director, ICAR-IIWM, Bhubaneswar Compiled & Edited by Dr. Prabhakar Nanda Dr. Mausumi Raychaudhuri Dr. O.P. Verma Hindi Translation by Dr. O.P. Verma This report includes unprocessed or semi-processed data which would form the basis of scientific papers in due course. The material contained in the report, therefore, may not be used without permission of the publisher, except for quoting it as scientific reference. AICRP-IWM Annual Report is not a priced publication. Recipients of complimentary copies are not permitted to sell the photocopies of the report in part or full. Correct Citation: Annual Report AICRP-IWM 2015-16 ICAR-IIWM, Bhubaneswar-751023, Odisha, India Printed by Space Setter Press & Publicity Pvt. Ltd. 84, Chandaka IE, Patia, Bhubaneswar-24 2 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 Preface The All India Coordinated Research Project on Irrigation Water Management has been instrumental in developing location specific irrigation water management technologies in different agro-ecological conditions in the country since its inception. The cooperating centres which are spread out in the country have been carrying out on station and on farm experiments for development and standardisation of replicable and cost effective technologies that not only improved water productivity, but also enhanced farmers’ income and livelihood. A number of replicable and cost effective technologies have been found out and extended to the farmers and line department personnels. The scientists working under the scheme of AICRP on IWM have also contributed to the implementation of flagship programmes on irrigation water management and contingency planning for different districts in the country. The capacity building programme on irrigation water management for different levels of stakeholders also have been taken up across the country by the cooperating centres. This annual report depicts the results of the Irrigation Water Management experiments and extension for the year 2015-2016. The hard work undertaken by the scientists to generate location specific cost effective technologies and extend these technologies to the primary and secondary stakeholders deserves appreciation. I express my gratitude to Dr. S. Ayyappan, former Director General ICAR and Secretary DARE, Govt. of India and Dr. T. Mohapatra, Director General ICAR and Secretary DARE, Govt. of India, for their constant guidance, suggestions and support. I acknowledge the valuable suggestions and guidance provided by Dr. A.K. Sikka, former Deputy Director General (NRM) and Dr. S.K. Chaudhari, Assistant Director General (S&WM), ICAR. The team effort of Dr. Prabhakar Nanda, Dr. Mausumi Raychaudhuri, Principal Scientists of PCU of AICRP on IWM, Dr. O.P. Verma, Scientist (SS), Dr. Pragna Dasgupta, Research Associate and Ms. Sakshi Shiradhonkar, Senior Research Fellow is praiseworthy for compiling and editing this Annual Report of AICRP on Irrigation Water Management 2015-16. Bhubaneswar (S.K. Ambast) 3 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 Contents Page no. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Hindi) 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 INTRODUCTION 15 THEME 1: Assessment of surface water and groundwater availability and quality at regional level and to evolve management strategies using decision support system (DSS) for matching water supply and demand in agricultural production systems 20 THEME 2: Design, development and refinement of surface and pressurized irrigation systems including small holders’ systems for enhancing water use efficiency and water productivity for different agro-ecosystems 51 THEME 3: Management of rainwater for judicious use and to develop and evaluate groundwater recharge technologies for augmenting availbality under different hydro-ecological conditions 92 THEME 4: Basic studies on soil-plant–water-environment relationship under changing scenarios of irrigation water management 111 THEME 5: To evolve management strategies for conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources for sustainable crop production 161 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSED, REFINED AND TRANSFERRED 187 TRIBAL SUB PLAN 193 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 196 STAFF POSITION 214 BUDGET ALLOCATION 216 4 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 5 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 6 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 7 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 8 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 9 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 10 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 Executive Summary During the year 2015 - 2016, 26 centres carried by middle and tail end at which it was 174.04 out research and extension work in the field of kg/ha-cm and 171.11 kg/ha-cm, respectively. assessment of water availability, groundwater At Jorhat, the ORP indicated that single irrigation recharge, groundwater use at regional level, applied at flowering stage of the crop (30-35 evaluation of pressurized irrigation system, DAS) was very much encouraging in increasing groundwater assessment and recharge, water the seed yield of rapeseed over the farmers management in horticultural and high value conventional rainfed crop. crops, basic studies on soil, water, plant relationship and their interaction, conjunctive use At Junagadh, the aquifer mapping in the Uben of canal and underground saline water, drainage basin was carried out at fifteen sites by vertical studies for enhancing water productivity, electrical sounding resistivity technique. enhancing productivity by multiple use of water, Comparison was made between all survey sites rainwater management in high rainfall areas. considering common depth up to 153.2 m i.e. 510 Salient achievements thru the year 2015-2016 are ft. The vertical geological profiles were prepared enlisted below. for all sites from the output maps of inverse slope. Hydrogeological Maps and hydrogeology Assessment of irrigation water demand and of Uben basin were prepared using GIS, system supply and groundwater use geological and hydrogeological properties of At Belvatagi, among different irrigation levels, basin. The investigation showed that higher cotton yield (1.73 t/ha) was recorded in Sakkarbaugh site had unconfined aquifer 0.8 IW/CPE ratio which was significantly thickness of 46.7 m with 5 confined aquifers. At superior to irrigation at critical stages which Sukhpur, Ranpur, Evenagar, Parabdham and gave yield of 1.52 t/ha. In irrigation level, higher Patala site, 13.3 m, 60 m, 20 m, 20 m and 6.7 m water use efficiency (3.12 kg/ha-mm) was thick unconfined aquifers while 6, 3, 7, 7, 1 recorded with irrigation at critical stages. Among (deeper than 153 m) confined aquifers were INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) levels, found, respectively. Similarly, the investigations higher water use efficiency was recorded to be carried out at Choki, Vadal, Makhiyala and 3.23 kg/ha-mm. Chobari revealed that unconfined aquifers of 20 m, 46.7 m, 6.7 m, 20 m thickness and 5, 2, 5, 7 At Chiplima, it was observed that it is feasible to respectively exists, few of which were affected provide irrigation to the entire command area by city effluents. even if the canal releases are reduced by 40%. This can be achieved by reducing cropping area At Udaipur, the depth of open dug wells in the under heavy duty crops from 8861 ha to 2975 ha Bhilwara district ranges from 11.50 m to 27.50 m and increasing the area under medium duty crops and the average well depth was found 20.09 m (from 2180 ha to 4820 ha) while light duty crops below ground level. Deeper water table in pre- (from 231 to 3471 ha). monsoon seasons and shallow water table in post monsoon seasons was found in Bhilwara. At Faizabad, the improved water management The pH of the groundwater in Bhilwara practice (6cm water per irrigation through checks continued to be similar for both the years. of 5 x 10 m) gave higher wheat yield of 4.09, Generally, groundwater in Bhilwara is alkaline in 4.04 and 3.97 t/ha at head, middle and tail end nature. The large variation in EC of respectively of Chandpur distributary in groundwater of Bhilwara was observed in pre- comparison to farmers practice in which these and post-monsoon seasons as well as in both the were 3.04, 3.09 and 2.97 t/ha, respectively. Thus, years. The highest average EC was recorded in about 30.57-34.52% higher wheat yield was Shahpura block in pre monsoon seasons, whereas obtained over farmer’s practice of wheat crop. the minimum average EC was recorded in Kotri The water expense efficiency (WEE) was found block. The cations of groundwater of Bhilwara to be highest (176.28 kg/ha-cm) at head followed varied from place to place but the sodium was 11 AICRP-IWM Annual Report 2015-16 the predominated ion amid the cations. Amongst of Tamil Nadu revealed WUE was the maximum the anions, chloride was recorded to have highest in the treatments drip irrigation at 40% of PE concentration. Based on two years’ results, it can and 60% of PE with lateral spacing of 90 cm. The be inferred that the major limiting factor in other treatments recorded lower water use groundwater quality of Bhilwara in pre- and efficiencies because of increased water use due to post-monsoon season was salinity. Further, 10% increased lateral spacing of 150 cm. to 12.27% samples have RSC value > 2.5 meq/l At Dapoli, the low pressure inline drip irrigation in pre-monsoon seasons which is unsuitable for system was installed to evaluate its hydraulic irrigation on sustainable basis. performance using the standard procedure for Pressurised irrigation system and fertigation jasmine (Jasminum sp.).