ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
FOR THE PROPOSED
SEA CUCUMBER HATCHERY AT KAASHIDHOO ISLAND, KAAFU ATOLL
December 2019
Prepared for
Lhaviyani Holding Pvt Ltd
EIA Consultant
CDE Consulting
ގުމުރުކ ާލާއ ާޑނަލިފިއުހ ިއަގ ޫދިށާކ .ކ
ނާފްށޮކ ުރަސައ ްށަޓްއ ވާމިތ ްނިއުޢޫރްޝ ަމ
ްޓޯޕިރ ާރުކްނާޔަބ ުރަވްނިމ
1029 ރަބްމ ސިޑ
:ުރާޔިދ އ ގުޢޫރްޝަމ
ްޑ ޓިމިލ ްޓ ވިއަރްޕ ްގްނިޑްލޯހ ިނަޔިވަޅ
:ްޓްނަޓްލަސްނޮކ ޭއ.ިއައ.ީއ ގުޢޫރްޝަމ
ގްނިޓްލަސްނޮކ ީއ.ީޑ.ީސ
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... i List of Figures ...... vi List of Tables ...... viii List of Abbreviations ...... ix Acknowledgements ...... x Executive Summary ...... xiii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose of the EIA ...... 1
1.2 Project Proponent ...... 1
1.3 Project Scope Summary ...... 1
1.4 Project Location ...... 2
1.5 Project Background and Rationale ...... 6
1.6 Aims and Objectives ...... 6
1.7 Consultants, Contractors and Government Institutions...... 6
1.8 Project Financing...... 7
1.9 Scope and Terms of Reference of EIA ...... 7
1.10 Assessment Methodology ...... 8
1.10.1 General Approach ...... 8 1.10.2 The Study Area...... 8 1.10.3 Field Observations ...... 9 1.10.4 Desk Study Reviews ...... 11 1.10.5 Public and Key Stakeholder Consultation ...... 11 1.10.6 Data Analysis ...... 11 1.10.7 Report Format ...... 12 1.11 Potential Data Gaps and Limitations of the Study ...... 12
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 14 2.1 Project Outline and Project Site Plan ...... 14
2.2 Detail Project Outline and Work Methodology ...... 17
2.2.1 Mobilization ...... 17 2.2.2 Construction of Sea cucumber hatchery facility ...... 17 2.2.3 Sea cucumber hatchery operation ...... 24
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2.3 Waste Management ...... 25
2.4 Labour, Logistics and Site Management ...... 25
2.4.1 Labour Requirements and Availability ...... 25 2.4.2 Housing of Labour force...... 26 2.4.3 Services ...... 26 2.4.4 Utilities ...... 26 2.4.5 Pollution and Emission Control Measures ...... 26 2.4.6 Health and Safety Measures ...... 26 2.5 Project Schedule ...... 27
2.6 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs ...... 27
2.7 Demobilization ...... 29
3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 30 3.1 Relevant Legislation ...... 30
3.1.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93)...... 30 3.1.2 Fisheries Act ...... 31 3.1.3 Immigration Act (1/2007) ...... 31 3.1.4 Anti-Human Trafficking Act (12/2013)...... 31 3.2 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines ...... 32
3.2.1 National Waste Water Quality Guideline ...... 32 3.2.2 National Rainwater Harvesting Guideline ...... 33 3.2.3 Regulation on Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another ...... 33 3.2.4 Regulation on Sand and Coral Mining ...... 34 3.2.5 Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation ...... 34 3.2.6 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9) ...... 35 3.2.7 Hygiene Regulation for Food Establishments (2014/R-380) ...... 36 3.2.8 General Regulation for Food Establishments and Services (2007/182/FS1) ...... 36 3.2.9 Compliance ...... 36 3.3 Environmental Permits Required for the Project ...... 36
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note ...... 36 3.3.2 Dewatering Permit ...... 37 3.3.3 Approval of the concept and site plan ...... 37 3.4 Guiding Policies and Documents ...... 38
3.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II) ...... 38
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3.4.2 Guideline for safe handling, transport, and storage of food items (MFDA-FCD- STAN-7-2017) ...... 39 3.4.3 Waste Management Policy ...... 39 3.4.4 Additional guiding documents ...... 39 3.5 International Conventions ...... 40
3.5.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 40 3.5.2 International Plant Protection Convention ...... 40 3.5.3 UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol ...... 41 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 42 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 42
4.1.1 Meteorology ...... 42 4.1.2 Hydrology ...... 48 4.1.3 Beach ...... 53 4.1.4 Water quality assessment...... 60 4.2 Marine Environment ...... 61
4.2.1 Photo Quadrat Survey and Fish Census...... 61 4.2.2 Visual Snorkelling Survey ...... 65 4.3 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ...... 67
4.3.1 Flora ...... 67 4.3.2 Fauna ...... 68 4.4 Natural Hazard Assessment for the Site ...... 69
4.4.1 Predicted Hazards ...... 69 4.5 Socio-economic Setting...... 70
4.5.1 Population Characteristics ...... 70 4.5.2 Population Density ...... 70 4.5.3 Sex Ratio ...... 70 4.5.4 Education ...... 71 4.5.5 Health Services ...... 71 4.5.6 Utilities and Infrastructure ...... 71 4.5.7 Transport ...... 72 4.5.8 Business and Employment ...... 72 4.5.9 Civil Society Organizations ...... 72 4.5.10 Heritage Sites ...... 72 5 Stakeholder Consultations ...... 73 5.1.1 Introduction ...... 73 5.1.2 Kaashidhoo Island Council ...... 73
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5.1.3 Members of Kaashidhoo Public ...... 74 5.1.4 Kaafu Atoll Council ...... 74 5.1.5 Maldives Marine Research Institute ...... 75 5.1.6 Maldives Food and Drug Authority...... 75 5.1.7 Health Protection Agency ...... 77 6 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION ...... 78 6.1 Introduction ...... 78
6.2 Identification of significant impacts ...... 78
7 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 86 7.1 Introduction ...... 86
7.2 Potential Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase and Suggested Mitigation Measures...... 86
7.2.1 Degradation of Marine Water ...... 86 7.2.2 Loss of lagoon bottom organisms and habitats ...... 87 7.2.3 Coastal Changes ...... 87 7.2.4 Loss of Terrestrial Flora ...... 88 7.2.5 Risks to health and safety of construction workers ...... 89 7.3 Potential Adverse Impacts during Operational Phase and Suggested Mitigation Measures...... 90
7.3.1 Marine Water Quality ...... 90 7.3.2 Marine and Coastal Habitat ...... 90 7.3.3 Groundwater Quality ...... 90 8 ALTERNATIVES ...... 92 8.1 “No-project” Alternative ...... 92
8.2 Alternative Wastewater Outfall location ...... 92
9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 94 9.1 Environmental management system...... 94
9.2 Management structure and responsibilities ...... 95
9.2.1 Project Proponent...... 95 9.2.2 Environmental Consultant ...... 96 9.2.3 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 96 9.2.4 Other Parties ...... 96 9.3 Non-Conformances and Corrective Action ...... 96
9.4 Reporting requirements ...... 96
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 100
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10.1 Introduction ...... 100
10.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan ...... 100
10.3 Aspects of the Monitoring Plan ...... 100
10.4 Monitoring Report ...... 103
10.5 Commitment for Monitoring ...... 103
11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 104 REFERENCES ...... 105 APPENDIX A – Terms of Reference ...... 108
APPENDIX B – Site Plan ...... 109
APPENDIX C – Approvals ...... 110
APPENDIX D – Survey Locations Map ...... 111
APPENDIX E – Water Quality Results ...... 112
APPENDIX F – Stakeholder Consultation Attendance ...... 113
APPENDIX G – CV’s of Consultants...... 114
APPENDIX H – Proponent Declaration and Commitment Letter ...... 115
APPENDIX I – Submission receipt to Kaafu Atoll Council ...... 116
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List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Location of Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll...... 3 Figure 1.2: Approved project site ...... 4 Figure 1.3: Aerial image of Kaashidhoo Island ...... 5 Figure 1.4: Study Area Boundary ...... 9 Figure 2.1: Project Site plan (Land based structures) ...... 15 Figure 2.2: Project site plan (Lagoon based structure) ...... 16 Figure 2.3: Water-intake tank area bottom covered in HDPE liner ...... 21 Figure 2.4: Wastewater tank bottom covered in HDPE liner ...... 21 Figure 2.5: Outside view of Brood-stock building ...... 21 Figure 2.6: Inside view of Brood-stock building ...... 21 Figure 2.7: Outside view of sea cucumber Spawning building ...... 21 Figure 2.8: Inside view of sea cucumber Spawning building ...... 21 Figure 4.1: Monthly Frequencies of Wind Direction in Central Maldives based on National Meteorological Center 10 year Data (adapted from Naseer, 2003)...... 44 Figure 4.2: 24 Year Wind Frequency Recorded at National Meteorological Center...... 44 Figure 4.3: Mean Daily Wind Speed and Direction Recorded at National Meteorological Centre (1978 – 2004) ...... 45 Figure 4.4: Mean Monthly Rainfall in Hulhule’ (1975-2004) ...... 46 Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975-2005) - (Source: Hay, 2006) ..... 46 Figure 4.6: Maximum Temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2005 (Hay, 2006) ...... 47 Figure 4.7: Predicted tides for April 2017, based on data from Department of Meteorology, Maldives ...... 48 Figure 4.8: Estimated wave patterns of the site ...... 51 Figure 4.9: Measured current patterns around Project Site ...... 52 Figure 4.10: Coastal Modifications...... 56 Figure 4.11: Medium-term shoreline changes ...... 57 Figure 4.12: Short-term shoreline changes ...... 58 Figure 4.13: Short-term shoreline changes on the eastern end ...... 59 Figure 4.14: Select images along Transect 1 ...... 62 Figure 4.15: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1 ...... 62 Figure 4.16: Select images along Transect 2 ...... 63 Figure 4.17: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 2 ...... 64 Figure 4.18: Select images along Site-1 proposed sea cucumber grow-out site ...... 65 Figure 4.19: Select images showing Site-2 ...... 66 Figure 4.20: Aerial view of the project site showing the vegetated area with project site ...... 68 Figure 4.21: Shrubs and weed growing around the Sea Cucumber Grow-Out Building-1 ...... 68
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Figure 4.22: Coconut palms at the site...... 68 Figure 4.23: Population pyramid of Kaashidhoo Island by Age Group ...... 70 Figure 7.1: Coconut Palm relocation sites ...... 89 Figure 8.1: Alternative wastewater outfall location ...... 93 Figure 9.1: Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram...... 95 Figure 9.2: Environmental Reporting Process ...... 97
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List of Tables
Table 1.1: Summary of basic information about Kaashidhoo ...... 2 Table 1.2: Fish abundance categories ...... 10 Table 1.3: Limitations of the study ...... 12 Table 2.1: Proposed sea cucumber hatchery structures ...... 17 Table 2.2: Major Project Inputs ...... 27 Table 2.3: Major project outputs ...... 28 Table 3.1: Maximum allowable concentrations in domestic waste water for discharge into deep sea, NWQG ...... 32 Table 4.1: Key Meteorological Information of the Maldives ...... 42 Table 4.2: Summary of General Wind Conditions from National Meteorological Centre ...... 43 Table 4.3: Probable Maximum Precipitation for various Return periods in Hulhule’ (UNDP, 2006) ...... 47 Table 4.4: Tidal Variations at Hulhule International Airport ...... 48 Table 4.5: Water Quality Results for seawater samples ...... 60 Table 4.6: Water Quality Results for groundwater samples ...... 61 Table 4.7: Summary of fish census survey along Transect 2 ...... 64 Table 4.8: Floral inventory of proposed project location ...... 67 Table 4.9: Probable Maximum Precipitation for various Return periods at Hulhule' ...... 69 Table 5.1: Participants list for Kaashidhoo council meeting ...... 73 Table 5.2: Participants list for Kaafu Atoll Council meeting ...... 74 Table 5.3: Participants list for Maldives Marine Research Insitiute meeting ...... 75 Table 5.4: Participants list for Maldives Marine Research Insitiute in EIA scoping meeting ...... 75 Table 5.5: Participants list for Maldives Food and Drug Authority meeting ...... 75 Table 5.6: Participants list for Health Protection Agency ...... 77 Table 6.1: Impact Identification Matrix for the project ...... 80 Table 6.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural environment during construction and operation stage ...... 82 Table 8.1: Summary of “No Project” Alternative ...... 92 Table 9.1: Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase ...... 98 Table 10.1: Environmental monitoring plan ...... 101
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List of Abbreviations
COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPPA Environment Protection and Preservation Act IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change MNPI Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure MoE Ministry of Environment MoFMA Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture MWSC Malé Water and Sewerage Company NEAPII National Environmental Action Plan II NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action ToR Terms of Reference TSS Total Suspended Solids UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change WMR Waste Management Regulation
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Acknowledgements
The lead author of this report is Mohamed Faizan
The field and expert team consisted of the following members.
Ms. Aminath Inan Abdul Muhsin (Stakeholder Consultations)
Mr. Shariq Hussain Amir (Aerial imagery)
Mr. Mohamed Nasooh (Field survey assistance)
The curriculum vitae’s of the EIA consultants are attached in Appendix G of this report.
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Lead Consultant’s Declaration
I certify that statements made in this Environment Impact Assessment are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and available information.
Mohamed Faizan
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EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
Proponent’s Declaration
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Please Refer to Appendix K
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Executive Summary
The main purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to provide the necessary information to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to make a decision on the proposed sea cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, North Male’ Atoll by the proponent Lhaviyani Holding Pvt Ltd.
Sea cucumber hatchery is located on the south western side of the island which was previously used by local farmers to grow banana trees and water melons. The total area allocated for the facility is 107,639 sq. m on land, and 215,278 sq. m area in the lagoon. The sea cucumber hatchery consists brood-stock management tanks, sea cucumber spawning tanks, sea cucumber nursery tanks, mass algae culture tanks, land-based sea cucumber grow-out tanks, lagoon based sea cucumber grow-out pens, sea cucumber processing area, a laboratory along with auxiliary facilities such as seawater intake tank, wastewater collection tank, staff accommodation rooms, and a backup power generator.
The sea cucumber hatchery, designed to produce sustainable juvenile and adult sandfish (Holothuria scabra) which will be sold in the export market. The aim of the project is to establish a profitable commercial sea cucumber hatchery, while creating employment and income opportunities for locals. The project components include construction and setup of the sea cucumber hatchery facilities, rearing and cultivating of sea cucumbers, and processing and export of sea cucumbers. At present, majority of the land-based structures have been completed, while work on structures in the lagoon have yet to commence.
The sea cucumber hatchery facility has a conditional approval by the Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, and the sea cucumber hatchery site has been approved by the Maldives Land and Survey Authority. The proponent is required to obtain Environmental Decision Statement by the EPA to continue project. The key laws and regulations applicable to the project are Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, Fisheries Act, Immigration Act, Anti-Human Trafficking Act, National Waste Water Guideline, National Rainwater Harvesting Guideline, Regulation on Cutting down, Uprooting, Digging out and Export of Trees and Palms from One island to Another, Regulation on Sand and Coral Mining, Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation, Environmental and the Liability Regulation. In addition, this project also must adhere to Hygiene Regulation for Food establishments, General Regulation for Food Establishments and Services.
As stated earlier majority of land based buildings and structures were completed at the time to preparation of the EIA. The site still has shrubs, weed, and coconut palms, and these will need to be cleared to construct the remaining buildings and structures. The proposed site to construct sea
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|xiii EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll cucumber grow-out pens is a shallow reef flat dominated by seagrass. High abundance of up- side down jellyfishes were observed within the seagrass bed. No residential buildings occur within a kilometre of this site.
Stakeholders consulted for the EIA include the Island Council of Kaashidhoo, locals from Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll Council, Maldives Marine Research Institute (MMRI), Maldives Food and Drug Authority (MFDA), and the Health Protection Agency (HPA). Island Council of Kaashidhoo and the locals consulted at Kaashidhoo were supportive of the project given its direct and indirect economic benefits to the island. No major concerns were raised by MMRI, MFDA and HPA regarding the project.
The assessment shows that the main adverse impact during the construction phase is on the marine environment, during the setup of sea cucumber grow out pens, and overwater walkways in the lagoon. The marine flora and fauna (especially sedentary life forms) in the direct footprint of the project will be lost. In addition disturbances to the seabed during installation of the sea pens, and walkway structures is expected to result in increase in turbidity and suspended solids in the water column, which will adversely impact marine life in the area. The following measures are proposed to mitigate these impacts; mark the boundary prior to commencement of lagoon works, restricting lagoon works during low-tide hours and calm weather conditions.
Similarly, the main adverse impact during operational phase will also be on the marine environment. As a significant quantity of treated wastewater is planned to be disposed to the lagoon during operations, this is expected to reduce the overall water quality at the receiving site. Hence it is proposed to regularly monitor the wastewater to ensure it complies with the National Wastewater Guideline values.
The “no-project” option was also compared against the proposed project. Given the potential financial loss to the proponent, and potential loss of economic benefits to Kaashidhoo and the nation the no project option is discarded. In addition option of extending the wastewater outfall pipe was also explored, this would substantially increase the impact footprint, cost of construction and also maintenance in the long-term, and hence this was dismissed in favour the proposed wastewater disposal location.
Environmental monitoring plan was designed to assess any changes to the physical environment. This plan includes monitoring of vegetation transfer, reef health, marine water quality, ground water quality and wastewater quality and shoreline changes.
The environmental management plan for this project is designed to produce a framework for anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems
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ާސާލުޙ ާދާސ
މި ރިޕޯޓުގ މައިގަނޑު މަޤުސަދަކީ ޅަވިޔަނި ހޯލްޑިންޑް ޕްރައިވ ޓް ލިމިޓ ޑް އިން ކ. ކާށިދޫ ގައި ހުއިފިލަނޑާ، ވިއްސާ،
އާލާކޮށް، ވިއްކުމަށް ޤާއިމް ކުރ ވޭ "ސީ ކިއުކަންބާ ހ ކަރީ" މަޝްރޫއާއި މ ދު އ ންވަޔަރަމަންޓް ޕްރޮޓ ކްޝަން އ ޖ ންސީ
. ވ މުނިދްށޮކުރޯފ ުތާމޫލުއަމ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށަމުމްނިނ ްއ ތޮގ ްނިއ )ޭއ.ީޕ.ީއ(
މި މަޝްރޫޢުގ މައިގަނޑު މަޤުސަދަކީ ވިޔަފާރީގ އުސޫލުން ހުއިފިލަނޑާ އުފައްދާ ވިއްކުމަށާއި، މި ވިޔަފާރީގ ތ ރ އިން
ީރަޗ ހ ިމ . ވ މުނިދްށޮކިހަފ ްއ ކަތުތަސުރުފ ީދޯސިތްޤިއ ްށަންނުތިޔްއަރ ުމްނާއ ގުށަރ ިއާމުރުކަނިގ ުތަސުރުފ ގާފީޒަވ
ާވިއަފިވ ރުކ ްނުނޭބ ްށަމަކިރ ވުޑނަދ ިއަގީރުކ ީކަދްއަހަރަސ ިމ . ވ އަގ ުތާރަފ ުނުކ ދ ުގނަޅުހ ގުށަރ ީނަވިއަފިވޭރ ްށަރުކްމިއާޤ
ސަރަހައްދ ކ ވ . ރަށުން 206،709 އަކަމީޓަރުގ ބިމަކާއި، މޫދުން 122،162 އަކަމީޓަރުގ ބަޔ އް މި ކަމަށް
ބޭނުންކުރ ވޭނ އ ވ . މި ހ ޗަރީގައި ހުއުފިލަނޑާ މުޑުވަތް ބަލަހައްޓާނ ޓޭންކް ތައް، ހުއިފިލަނޑާ ވިއްސާނ ޓޭންކްތައް،
ހުއިފިލަނޑާ ނާސަރީ ޓ ންކްތައް، "މާސް އަލްގޭ ކަލްޗަރ" ޓޭންކްތައް، އަދު ހުއިފިލަނޑާ ބޮޑުކުރުމަށް ބަހައްޓާ ޓ ންކްތަކާއި،
ްށޮކާމަޖ ްނފުނޮލ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށައީރަޗ ހ ިމ ްސ ވްނުރުތިއ ގީމ . ވ އ ނ މިހ ްއަތިށޮކ ޭހ ޖ ިއަގުދޫމ ްށަމުރުކުޑޮބ ާޑނަލިފިއުހ
ރައްކާކުރ ވޭނ ޓޭންކަކާއި، އަދި ހ ޗަރީއިން ބޭކާރުވާފ ން ޖަމާކުރާނ ޓޭކްކާއި. ލ ބާރަޓްރީ އަކާއި، މުވައްޒިފުންތިބޭ
ކޮޓަރިތަކާއި، ކަރަންޓް ކ ނޑިއްޖ ހާލަތ އްގައި ބޭނުނުކުރުމަށް ގ ނ ރޭޓަރ އް ހިމ ނ އ ވ . މީގ ތ ރ އިން ރަށުތ ރޭގައި އަޅަން
. ވ އަފިވ ރުކްމިއާޤ ީނަވ ްއަތްގްނިޑްލިބ ަނިގ ާވިއަފާޅައަށުހ
. ވ އަފްށޮކޫދ ްއ އަދްއުހ ީނަވ ރަކްލަކިރްޖ އ ްޑްނ އ ްސޯސިރ ްނިރ މ ްޑްނ އ ްސީރަޝިފ ްފޮއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ްށައޫރްޝަމ ިމ
ީރަޗ ހ ިމ . ވ އަފާޅައ ަޑނަކ ީނަވ ްނިބ ްނަރުކ ްނުނޭބ ްށައޫރްޝަމ ިމ ީނަވ ްނައ ީޓިރޯތޮއ ޭވރާސ ްޑްނޭލ ްސްވިޑްލޯމ ިދައ
. ވ އނާވްނުނޭބ ަދްއުހ ގ ޭއ.ީޕ.ީއ ްނިރުކ ގުމުށ ފ ްއަތްތަކްއަސަމ ގ
ކުރިންވ ސް ބުނ ވިފައިވާ ފަދައި ން ހ ޗަރީގ ގިނަ އިމާރާތްތައް ވަނީ ބިނާކުރ ވިފައ ވ . މި ސަރަހައްދުތ ރޭގައި އަދިވ ސް ވިނަ،
ޭވ ރުކްމިއާޤ ިއަގުދޫމ . ވ އ ނޭހ ޖްނަގަނ ްއަތްއުރ ިއާކަތްސަގ ިމ ުރިއާޅައ ްތާރާމިއ ިރުހ ީކާބ . ވ އިރުހަބ އްއުރ ިއާކަތްސަގ ިދުކ
ިއުހ ީކަދްއަހަރަސ ިމ ިއަގްއ ތޮގ ުޑނަގިއ ަމ ިދައ . ވ ކ ދްއަހަރަސ ަލިތ ްށަރަވ ީކަދްއަހަރަސ ާވިއަފާމްނިނ ްނަޅައ ްއަތިށޮކ
. ވ ރުދ ރުވްށަކަރަޓީމޯލިކ ްށަކަޑނަގްތާގ ިއާއީރަޗ ހ ިމ ުޑނަގުބާސިހ ޭޅުއިރިދ ްނުހީމ ގުށަރ . ވ ކ ނަތ ިއަފިދ ހ ްށޮކޯބ
މި އީ.އައި.އޭ ތައްޔާރުކުރުމުގައި އަންނަނިވި ފަރާތްތަކާއި ބައްދަލުކ ރ ވިފައިވާނ އ ވ . ކާޝިދޫ ރަށު ކައުންސިލް، ކާޝިދޫ ބައ އް
ރައްޔިތުން، ކާފު އަތޮޅު ކައުންސިލް، މޯލްޑިވްސް މ ރިން ރިސާރޗް ސ ންޓަރ، މޯލްޑިވްސް ފުޑް އ ންޑް ޑްރަގް އޮތޯރިޓީ، އަދި
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|xvi EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
ިދައ ްނުލިސްނުއަކ ުށަރ ޫދިޝާކ ްށަމުއިދްނ ގ ްށައިރުކ ުއޫރްޝަމ ިމ ަގްއ ތޮގ ުޑނަގިއަމ . ވ އީސްނ ޖ އ ްނަޝްކ ޓޮރޮޕ ްތްލ ހ
ވާހަކަ ދ ކ ވުނު ރަށުގ ރައްޔިތުން ތާއިދުކުރ އ ވ . އަދި މޯލްޑިވްސް މ ރިން ރިސާރޗް ސ ންޓަރ، މޯލްޑިވްސް ފުޑް އ ންޑް
ޑްރަގް އޮތޯރިޓީ، އަދި ހ ލްތް ޕޮރޮޓ ކްޝަން އ ޖ ންސީ ގ ފަރާތުން މި މަޝްރޫއާއި މ ދު ކަންބޮޑުވުމ އް ފާހަގަ ކުރައްވާ ފައ އް
. ވ ތ ނ
ގުކަތުރަސައ ޭވ ދޭނ ނާފްށޮކ ްށަޓްއ ވާމިތ ިއަގާލަހުރަމ ގުތަކްއަސަމ ީލަމައ ގުއޫރްޝަމިމ ިއަގުތޮގުނުވ ރުކަގަހާފ ްނިއާސާރިދިމ
ތ ރޭގައި މޫދުގ ދިރުންތަކަށް ލިބިދާނ ގ އްލުމާއި، ލޮނުގަނޑު ތަޢައްޔަރުވުން އަދި މަސައްކަތްތ ރިންނަށް ލިބިދާނ ގ އްލުންތަކުގ
. ވ އ ނޭނ މިހ ުތާމޫލުޢަމ
ަމަނިފްސޮގ ްނ ގުނ ްށައިރުކ ުޢޫރްޝަމ ްނުތޮގިމ . ވ އ ނާވިއަފާލާލަބ ްށަކަތުލަދަބ ނާދިވ ނ ގ ްށައޫރްޝަމ ިއަގާސާރިދ ިމ
ިއާށަރާޔިދ އ ަމަނަމިފްސޮގ ްނ ގުނ ްށައިރުކ ުއޫރްޝަމ ްނުތޮގ ިމ . ވ އަފިއިކާޅައ ީނަވ ްއަތްނުލްއ ގ ިއާކަތ ާދިއަފ ނާދިބިލ
ްނުރުތިއ ގީމ . ވ އަފިވ ލްށޮކޫދ ީނަވ "ްނަޝްޕޮއ" ިމ ީތޭވރުކ ާފަލ ްށަމަކުޑޮބ ްނުލްއ ގ ީދޯސިތްޤައ ނާދްނގިބިލ ްށަށަރ
ްށަކަތްނުލްއ ގ ިއާއ ިއާދިއަފ ނާދިބިލ ްނުމުސްއ ޖ ްށަރޭބ ްށަރުތިއ ްއަތިޅޮހ ާވިއަފިވޭރ ްށަމުރުކޫދ ްށަދޫމ ްނ ފާވުރާކޭބ ްނިއީރަޗ ހ
ބަލައިލ ވިފައިވާނ އ ވ . މި "އޮފްޝަން" ގ ސަބަބުން ހޮޅިއަޅަން ޖ ހޭ ސަރަހައްދު ވަރަށް ބޮޑުވ އ ވ . އަދި ހޮޅި އަޅަންޝާއި،
. ވ އ ނާދްނ ގ ވުޑޮބ ްށަތުދަރަހ ގުމުޓްއ ހ ލ ބ ްށޮކުތާމާރަމ
ްނުލްއ ގ ނާދިބިލ ްނުކަމްނަކ ަދަފ އ ިއާށަމުތަގ ނ ދ ުރަވްނިމާރުކ ުރަސައ ްށަޓްއ ވާމިތ ާވިއަފްށޮކްނާޔަބ ިއަގުޓޯޕިރިމ
ިއަކަޓްށަމުތަގ ނ ދ ްނަކްނަކ އ ިއަގްއ ތަލާހ ޖްއ ވިތަމިރުކ ްއ މަކ ްތ ނިއަފިވ ރުކްނާޔަބ ިއަގުޓޯޕިރ ިމ ިދައ ިއާށަމުރުކަޑުކ
. ވ އ ވިއަފިހ ޖަމަހ ްށަމުރުކްނީރްކްސ ްށަމަކްނަކ ަދަފިމ ިއަގުކަތާލަހުރަމ ިކ އ ގުއޫރްޝަމ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|xvii EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the EIA
This Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is an evaluation of the potential environmental, socio-economic and natural impacts of the proposed construction and operation of a sea cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo Island situated in North Kaafu atoll.
This document is submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency, by the proponent to fulfil the requirements under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (EPPA) of the Maldives (4/93), specifically clause 5 of the Act which states that a report should be submitted before implementation of any project that may have a potential impact on the environment.
This report provides the background to the proposed project components as well as an assessment of their likely environmental and social impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The proposed enhancement and mitigation measures are outlined where necessary together with an environment management plan and a monitoring programme.
1.2 Project Proponent
The proponent of this project is Lhaviyani Holding Pvt Ltd, a local company established with the objective to invest in sea cucumber aquaculture to create livelihood opportunity for locals in a manner that generates fair and equitable returns for present and future owners.
Address and contact details of the proponent is provided below:
Noomuthee Lh. Hinnavaru Contact person: Muhudhin Amir, Managing Director Tel: +960-7778139, Email: [email protected] 1.3 Project Scope Summary
The project comprises of the following main components:
1. Setting up Sea Cucumber hatchery facilities 2. Spawning and cultivation of Sea Cucumbers 3. Processing and export of Sea cucumbers
See next chapter for details.
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1.4 Project Location
The proposed project site is in Kaashidhoo Island Reef, which is geographically disconnected to the rest of the islands of Kaafu Atoll. The location of the island is shown in Figure 1.1 and project location is identified in Figure 1.2. A satellite image of the island is shown in Figure 1.3.
Kaashidhoo Island Council has allocated 107,639 ft2 area on land on the western side of the island, and 171,718 ft2 area on the within the western shallow lagoon for the sea cucumber hatchery facility.
There nearest Marine Protected Area is Makunudhoo Kandu Olhi which is approximately 45 km from the site.
Table 1.1: Summary of basic information about Kaashidhoo
Island Name Kaashidhoo Location 4°56'11.45"N 73°27'19.58"E Island Area Within Vegetation 272.02 Ha (2.72 km2) Line Within Low Tide Line 276.31 Ha (2.76 km2) Built-up area 37.19 Ha Length About 2,167 m Width at the widest point About 1,700 m Distance to Male’ City About 95 km Registered Population 24321 Existing island access facilities A harbour 700ft. x 250ft; western side reef entrance; breakwater and quaywall. Number of vessels 2 ferries, 4 passenger boats. 4 cargo boats.
1 Island Information Provided by Island Council of Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
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Figure 1.1: Location of Kaashidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|3 EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
Figure 1.2: Approved project site
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Figure 1.3: Aerial image of Kaashidhoo Island
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1.5 Project Background and Rationale
The proposed sea cucumber hatchery and farm is designed to produce sustainably produce juvenile and adult sandfish (Holothuria scabra) which will be sold in the export market.
Sandfish is one of the most valuable sea cucumber species in the Asian dried seafood market (Giraspy et al., 2010). The corollary of this was commercial exploitation of this species, resulting in significant decline of their population, and is now listed as an endangered species (Hamel et al., 2013). Sea cucumber farming provides an alternative to produce and supply this premium priced product to the market without taking it from the wild population
Sandfish is not native to Maldives, and was introduced to Maldives from India (Bruckner, 2004) by a private company. This species is now extensively cultured in Sea Cucumber Hatchery located in Nalandhoo, Shaviyani Atoll, and smaller hatcheries are in operation now in Shaviyani Maroshi, Laamu Fonadhoo, and Noonu Vattaru. The Government of Maldives is also promoting involvement of locals in sea cucumber mariculture through Mariculture Enterprise Development Project (MEDEP). The aim is to expand livelihood opportunities and reduce vulnerability. A number of sea cucumber grow-out pilot project was initiated in Isdhoo, Kalaidhoo, and Dhanbidhoo in Laamu Atoll in 2016 under this project.
This project also complements the ongoing aquaculture projects and efforts by the government of Maldives to develop sustainable fisheries resources in the Maldives.
1.6 Aims and Objectives
The aim of the project is to establish a sustainable and profitable commercial sea cucumber hatchery and farm at Kaashidhoo that caters to the Asian food market, while creating employment and income opportunities for locals.
The specific objectives of the project are to:
1. develop sea cucumber hatchery and farm 2. spawn, and rear juvenile and adult sea cucumbers 3. trade juvenile and adult sea cucumbers in the domestic and international market 4. create livelihood opportunities for the local population
1.7 Consultants, Contractors and Government Institutions
All the EIA related work is undertaken by consultants from CDE Consulting. Design criteria and technical specifications have been developed by the proponent.
The development of site will be undertaken by contractors selected by the Proponent.
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The government institution relevant for this project is Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture.
1.8 Project Financing
The project will be financed by the proponent through private loans and equity.
1.9 Scope and Terms of Reference of EIA
The scope of this EIA is broadly based on the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012. The assessment more specifically adheres to the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the Environmental Protection Agency on 23rd October 2019. The ToR is based on scoping meetings held between the stakeholders at the EPA on 23rd October 2019. A copy of the ToR is attached in Appendix A.
The EIA report contains the following main aspects:
A description of the project including the need for the project, how the project will be undertaken, full description of the relevant parts of the project, implementation schedules, site plans and summary of project inputs and outputs (Chapter 1&2). A description of the pertinent national and international legislation, regulations and policies that are relevant and applicable to the project and a demonstration of how the project conforms to these aspects (Chapter 3) Information on the baseline environmental condition of the project site; this includes information on marine flora and fauna, marine water quality, marine environment near the project site (Chapter 4) An assessment of the potential impacts during both construction and operational stages of the project as well as identification and cost of the potential mitigation measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts during both construction and operation stages of the project (Chapter 5 & 6) Assessment of alternatives for the proposed project (Chapter 7) Details of the environmental management and monitoring plan (Chapter 8 and 9) Stakeholder consultation (Chapter 10) Potential gaps in information (Chapter 11) Main conclusions (Chapter 12)
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1.10 Assessment Methodology
1.10.1 General Approach
This EIA is broadly guided by the EIA regulations 2012.
This report has been prepared to ensure that the significant environmental and social impacts of the proposed project at the preconstruction, construction, operation and demobilising stages have been considered and assessed at the project planning phase.
The process followed in the preparation of this EIA report consists of six parts. These are: scoping consultations; literature review; field surveys; stakeholder consultations; analysis of results; and compilation of the assessment in the form of a report.
In order to conduct a broad based and inclusive study, the proponent and the consultant have from the onset ensured the exercise is participatory. As such, discussions have been held with community members in the projects area and relevant stakeholders with the assistance and coordination of the proponent.
1.10.2 The Study Area
The area impacted by projects like these can be quite wide particularly when the socio-economic impacts are considered. The study area of this project considers that the entire island and the reef system of the island will be affected by the development, and that Kaashidhoo Island will experience the bulk of the socio-economic change.
Based on the results of the initial scoping of potential environmental impacts and the identification of sensitive aspects of the environment we have identified the following geographical areas likely to be affected at the various stages of the Project:
During construction temporary and permanent impacts will occur primarily on Kaashidhoo island’s reef system and coastal area. The most direct physical impact will be on-site in the area of the actual physical interventions. To ensure the impacts are fully covered, the entire Kaashidhoo Island is studied.
During operation of the hatchery most impacts will be confined to the area that will be affected by construction impacts.
There will also be induced development impacts due to the project, mainly in the form of positive socio-economic benefits to Kaashidhoo Island.
Study area boundary is presented in Figure 1.4 and survey locations map for the project is attached in Appendix D
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Figure 1.4: Study Area Boundary
1.10.3 Field Observations
Field assessments were undertaken at Kaashidhoo Island from 18th - 19th November 2019. Field visits mainly covered water quality, marine life, and beach conditions of the proposed project sites. Stakeholder consultations were carried out with members of the public during this period as well.
Marine Assessments
Marine assessments were undertaken on 18th - 19th November 2019. The main objectives of this assessment were:
1. to determine the general status of the reef associated with the island 2. to assess the condition of the marine environment which will be directly impacted by the project 3. to determine the fish species abundance and composition of the reef system
Snorkelling Visual Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the lagoon. General status of these sites were recorded, special attention was given to types of corals and fishes present at these sites and the environmental conditions that could affect growth such as suspended solids, depth, and other threats to coral life.
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Fish census
Fish and invertebrates species assemblages and abundance was surveyed using 50 m line transects, whereby the monitor swam along transect and recorded the number and the different species of fish and invertebrates observed within 2.5 m either side of the transect line.
A category-based methodology was adopted to estimate fish abundance and the mean number of fish per category and observation was extracted to estimate species and family abundance. The categories used to estimate abundance is displayed in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2: Fish abundance categories
Category Number of fish 1 1 2 2 - 4 3 5 - 16 4 17 - 64 5 65 - 256
Photo Quadrat Survey
The composition of the substrate was assessed by taking twenty high-resolution images every 5 m (pictures covering 0.5 m2 of the seabed) along the same transect line used for the fish surveys. These were later analysed using CPCe. CPCe, or Coral Point Count with excel extension, developed by the National Coral Reef Institute, is software designed to determine coral community coverage and diversity using transect photographs. Underwater photographic frames are overlaid by a matrix of randomly generated points, and the fauna/flora of species or substrate type lying beneath each point is identified. 20 random points per picture were analysed to characterize the substrate composition (sample size: 200 points per transect).
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Water Quality
Water quality was assessed from MWSC laboratory. Water quality samples were taken at different locations selected based on proposed developments.
Seawater samples were collected at 1 m depth, or mid-water depth where it was shallow using clean 1.5 L PET bottles, 375 ml glass bottles, and 300 ml sterile bags. Seawater samples were tested for pH, salinity, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, nitrogen ammonia, sulphate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and total coliform
Groundwater samples were collected conductivity, salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and total petroleum hydrocarbon. All samples were collected in clean 1.5 L PET bottles after rinsing the bottles with sample.
All water samples were tested ex-situ at Malé Water and Sewerage (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory.
1.10.4 Desk Study Reviews
A literature review was conducted to acquire background information on the site and its environment as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of similar developments in island settings. In this context, the EIA Regulations 2012, best practices from similar development activities, scientific studies undertaken in similar settings around Maldives and previous documents/historical publications was considered.
1.10.5 Public and Key Stakeholder Consultation
Stakeholder consultations were undertaken with the Kaashidhoo Island Council and members of the general public of the island.
1.10.6 Data Analysis
The EIA experts used their experience and knowledge in their respective fields to analyses the data from the previous studies and field visits in order to determine the potential impacts of the proposed projects, the severity of effects arising from these impacts and how any adverse impacts can be best mitigated and positive impacts enhanced. This analysis provides the framework for the recommendations on corrective actions and remedial measures and provides the basis for the formulation of the environmental management plan which forms part of this EIA report.
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1.10.7 Report Format
The report format and structure presented here follows the report formatting guidelines issued by EPA.
1.11 Potential Data Gaps and Limitations of the Study
The feasibility of sea cucumber culture in Maldives and its impact on the environment is not well understood. Aquaculture is a relatively new sector in Maldives that has been developing only in the past two decades. Marine Research Centre’s (now called Maldives Marine Research Institute) work on aquaculture began only in the early 1990s (Marine Research Centre 2015).
Furthermore, the environment of Maldives is generally poorly understood. This may be due to the lack of detailed studies in the Maldives. Much of the literatures on coral islands are derived from studies done in the Pacific which unfortunately has very different climatic and geologic settings.
Detailed environmental analysis for an EIA is often required to be undertaken in a relatively short period of time. Given the seasonal climatic variations in Maldives and the differences in local geomorphologic and climate settings in individual islands such a short time frame is often too little to assess selected aspects of the environment. This problem is compounded by the absence of long-term studies in other parts of Maldives. Hence, most EIA’s end up being based on an environmental snapshot of specific point in time. However, experienced EIA specialists can deliver a close match to reality based on a number of similar assessments.
Table below provides a list showing data gaps in the study. Available documents in connection with data provided particularly the concept plan, experiences of CDE in other islands, were used as the basis for preparation of this document. Therefore, it will be possible to analyse, implement mitigation and suggest monitoring measures to the most relevant negative impacts.
Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. As note earlier, there is also no long- term data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. It is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Table 1.3: Limitations of the study
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action
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Natural Hazard Detailed modelling of future erosion. Data not available at local level; Risks broad level studies undertaken for Maldives were used.
Environmental Historical and long-term records on Baseline snapshots of the site taken baseline data reef and lagoon environment. to design mitigation measures. Detailed data on geology, Estimated based on other similar hydrogeology and soil. studies in Maldives. Long-term site specific or even Snapshot data for currents taken; regional data (at least 2 years). Most wave studies in Kaafu atoll critical data include current, wave used. and sediment movement history. Primary data collection will be time Socio-economic data of Kaashidhoo consuming; Secondary sources will island. be used.
Environmental Treatment and disposal standard for National Wastewater Guideline Standards Wastewater from aquaculture farms followed.
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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Outline and Project Site Plan
The proposed site plan is presented in Appendix B. A reduced version of the site plan is provided in Figure 2.1.
The project site has been approved by the Maldives Land and Survey Authority (Appendix C), and the project has a conditional No Objection from the Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture (Appendix C).
The main components of the project are:
1) Construction and setup of the Sea Cucumber Hatchery Facilities 2) Rearing and cultivation of Sea Cucumbers 3) Processing and Export of Sea cucumbers
The next section provides the details of these project components.
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Figure 2.1: Project Site plan (Land based structures)
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Figure 2.2: Project site plan (Lagoon based structure)
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2.2 Detail Project Outline and Work Methodology
2.2.1 Mobilization
Material and equipment required for construction of the hatchery facility has already been mobilized to the project site.
Construction workers involved in this project are locals from Kaashidhoo Island, and one expatriate. All local workers reside in their respective homes, and accommodation is provided to the expatriate worker at the project site.
2.2.2 Construction of Sea cucumber hatchery facility
Project involves construction of land-based and on-the-sea structures. Construction of majority of the land-based structures have been completed, M&E, plumbing and finishing works are ongoing for these structures. The following table provides a summary of current status of the structures.
Table 2.1: Proposed sea cucumber hatchery structures
Structure Details Status
Seawater intake Tank (Fig 2.3) Seawater intake tank area is - Seawater intake tank site approximately 201.6 m2, with a depth of excavated to approximately 0.4 m. 0.4 m, and HDPE 2mm liner installed. Tank bottom is covered in 2 mm HDPE - Intake pipeline has been liner. A pipeline is connected to the tank installed up till the shoreline from the lagoon.
Intake pipeline will be connected to the lagoon and extend up to 85 meters from the shoreline, anchored to the bottom with the 4 inch concrete pipes
Wastewater tank (Fig 2.4) Wastewater tank is approximately 122.9 - Wastewater tank area m2 with a depth of 0.4 m. excavated to 0.4 m, and HDPE 2 mm liner has been Tank bottom is covered in 2 mm HDPE installed. liner. Wastewater will be treated and - Reject water pipeline discharged directly to the lagoon via a installed up to the shoreline pipeline.
Three outfall pipelines (two active, one emergency) will be connected to the
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Structure Details Status
lagoon and extend up to 85 meters from the shoreline.
To support the outfall pipeline, concrete pipes (4 inch diameter) will be installed every 8 feet and secured at a depth of 2 feet.
Brood-stock building (Fig 2.5 Sea cucumber Brood-stock will be kept - Building structure and tank and 2.6) in concrete tanks, inside a roofed construction completed. building. A total of 10 tanks, each - M&E, plumbing and measuring 2 m (W) by 6 m (L) by 1 m finishing works are pending. (H) with the capacity to hold 18 tons of water.
Spawning building (Fig 2.7 and Sea cucumber spawning tanks will be - Building structure 2.8) located in the Spawning building. completed. - Tanks placement, M&E, A total of 20 fiberglass tanks (1m width plumbing and finishing are x 2m length x 70cm height) with the pending. each capacity to hold 1.2 tons of water will be setup in this building
Nursery building (Fig. 2.9 and Sea cucumber nursery tanks will located - Building structure and tank 2.10) in the Nursery building. construction completed. - M&E, plumbing and The building will hold a total of 24 finishing are pending. concrete tanks each measuring 1.2m width x 4m length x 1m height with the capacity to hold 40 tons of water.
Algae mass-culture building Algae mass-culture tanks are located in - Structure and tank (Fig. 2.11 and 2.12) the Algae mass-culture building. construction completed. - M&E, plumbing and A total of 12 concrete tanks each finishing are pending. measuring 1.5m width x 4 m length x 1 m height will be in the building for algae mass-culture.
Grow-out tank Building-1 (Fig. On-land sea cucumber grow-out tanks - Structural framework of the 2.13 and 2.14) will be located in the Grow-out Tank building has been Building-1 constructed. - Tanks, M&E, plumbing and A total of 81 sea cucumber grow-out finishing works pending
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Structure Details Status
tanks to be placed at this located.
Grow-out tank Building-2 On-land sea cucumber grow-out tanks - Site clearance and will be located in the Grow-out Tank construction works are Building-1 pending.
A total of 81 sea cucumber grow-out tanks to be placed at this located.
Pump Station and treatment Intake water will be pumped at this - Building structure building (Figure 2.18) station, and treatment will be carried out completed. here using UV - Installation of pump, UV filter and Sand filter are pending.
Processing Area All sea cucumber processing will be - Site clearance and undertaken at this building. The building construction works are is about 139.4 m2 pending.
Oven Room This is where sea cucumbers will be - Site clearance and dried and prepared. The building is about construction works are 34.84 m2. pending.
Sea cucumber Store This is the storage facility for processed - Site clearance and sea cucumbers. The building is about construction works are 82.9 m2. pending.
Laboratory Laboratory facility for algae culture. - Structure completed. - M&E, plumbing and finishing are pending.
100 KW backup generator set - Structure completed and Powerhouse and store (Fig 2.15 generator set and fuel storage & 2.16) 40 L fuel storage tank tank installed.
Accommodation building 2 rooms for staff accommodation - Completed
Mess Staff mess room - Completed
Kitchen Staff kitchen - Completed
4 tanks each with capacity to hold 5000 - Tanks to be setup at site. Rainwater storage L of water
Sea cucumber grow-out pens A total of 41 sea cucumber pens (each - Work not started yet. measuring 20 m by 20 m will be
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Structure Details Status
enclosed with a plastic mesh (mesh size minimum 8 mm) supported by bamboo sticks spread 10 ft apart. The total height of the pen will be 0.7 m above mean sea level. Between each pen there will be sufficient space for people to move.
The walkway will be held in place with preformed concrete columns (4 inch diameter).
Lights will be attached on the pens to mark the areas for safety.
Walkways measuring 10ft will be setup - Work not started yet. between the cages as shown in Figure 2.2 Overwater walkways and security hut To support the walkways, concrete pipes (4 inch diameter) will be installed every 8 feet and secured at a depth of 2 feet.
The perimeter of the sea cucumber - Work not started yet, hatchery facility on land will be fenced Fence off with iron mesh, with a gate to allow access to site.
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Figure 2.3: Water-intake tank area bottom covered in HDPE Figure 2.4: Wastewater tank bottom covered in HDPE liner liner
Figure 2.5: Outside view of Brood-stock building Figure 2.6: Inside view of Brood-stock building
Figure 2.7: Outside view of sea cucumber Spawning building Figure 2.8: Inside view of sea cucumber Spawning building
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Figure 2.9: Outside view of sea cucumber Nursery building Figure 2.10: Inside view of sea cucumber Nursery building
Figure 2.11: Outside view of Mass-Algae Culture Building Figure 2.12: Inside view of Mass-Algae Culture Building
Figure 2.13: Outside view of Sea cucumber grow-out Figure 2.14: Inside view of Sea cucumber Grow-out Building-1 Building-1
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Figure 2.16: Outside view of Powerhouse and Storage
Figure 2.15: Outside view of Sea cucumber growout building-1
Figure 2.17: Outfall pipelines installed upto shoreline Figure 2.18: Outisde view of Pump station with UV and sand filteration building
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2.2.3 Sea cucumber hatchery operation
This section provides details of sea cucumber hatchery operations.
a) Sea cucumber brood-stock management
Healthy sea cucumber brood-stock weighing between 250 to 750 grams will be imported for brood-stock management purpose.
Brood-stock tank bottom will be layered with 8 to 10 cm thick fine sand. Before transferring sea cucumber brood-stock into the tanks, the stock will be screened for unhealthy, damaged sea cucumbers. All unhealthy and damaged sea cucumbers will be discarded and only healthy specimens will be transferred to the tanks and used in spawning.
b) Sea cucumber spawning
The sea cucumber spawning tank will be cleaned and disinfected before filling with filtered sea water. After a quick dip in fresh water for external disinfection, about 50 animals will be placed in the spawning tanks. A combination of thermal shock and other propagation methods will be used for spawning inducement. When spawning is complete, brood-stock will be returned to respective brood stock tanks.
The eggs will be siphoned gently into sieve placed in a bowl. Flow-through seawater will be used to rinse the eggs which will be transferred to buckets for counting before being placed in the larval tanks.
c) Larval rearing
To prepare the rearing tanks, they will be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before filling the tanks with filtered, UV-sterilised seawater. It will be ensured that water temperature and salinity is within the acceptable range. Eggs will be carefully poured into the larval tanks, using buckets or beakers to achieve a density of 0.25 to 0.35 larvae/ ml.
Feeding will be carried out to at set schedule, and daily data will be recorded.
d) Sea cucumber Nursery
The juveniles, when they reach above 5mm in size will be collected and transferred to the Nursery tank.
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e) Sea cucumber Grow-out tanks
The juveniles that reach above 30-50 grams will be transferred to grow out tanks, and feeding will be continued as per schedule. The juveniles in grow out tanks are estimated to take 6-9 months to reach 500-800 grams.
Sea ranch will also be used for the same purpose.
f) Sea cucumber processing
Harvested adult sandfish will be cleaned with clear water and cut to bring out the gut and insides and the animals will be cleaned again before boiling. Then these cleaned animals will be boiled in saltwater for 30 minutes above 100 degree Celsius. The sea cucumbers will be cleaned with clear water and put in to a heating oven for 12 hours to dry up to 95% to 99%. The dried animals will be sorted according to size and packed in boxes for sale.
2.3 Waste Management
Domestic waste generated from the site will be disposed to the islands waste management site. Wastewater water from the sea cucumber farm tanks will be released to the sea, with necessary treatments as required by the relevant authorities. Wastewater from toilets will be connected to a septic tank established onsite.
2.4 Labour, Logistics and Site Management
2.4.1 Labour Requirements and Availability
During the construction phase specialist labourers will be required to undertake specific tasks. All personnel will belong to the respective contractors. It is estimated that a total of 22 staff members will be involved in operations of the hatchery.
1. Manager, Operations - 1 2. Manager, Productions - 1 3. Manager, Business Development and MARCOM - 1 4. Laboratory Manager- 1 5. Engineer, M&E - 1 6. Algae Technician - 2 7. Officer - 5 8. Senior Labourer – 2 9. Labourer - 6 10. Security Officer – 2
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2.4.2 Housing of Labour force
Majority of the labour force involved in the construction work for the project are locals of Kaashidhoo Island, hence their accommodation are at their respective homes in the island. Expatriates hired for the project are housed in the staff accommodation at the project site.
2.4.3 Services
The proponent provide workers with meals and appropriate entertainment facilities. The utilities and entertainment facilities on the island are expected to be utilised.
2.4.4 Utilities
Existing island infrastructure will be utilised. Electricity, water and sanitation facilities will be provided for construction workers from the existing facilities on the island.
A 100 kWA back-up generator has been setup at the site to provide electricity for the sea cucumber hatchery facility in event of power outage. Rainwater will be harvested onsite for use by staff onsite.
2.4.5 Pollution and Emission Control Measures
The following measures will be taken to ensure minimal pollution during construction stage.
Machinery will be properly tuned and maintained to reduce emissions and minimize risk of spills/leaks.
All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals used on site will be stored in secure and bounded location to minimize risk of spill.
Fuel storage will be bunded
Spill kits will be maintained to handle any liquid spills
2.4.6 Health and Safety Measures
The proponent would ensure that health and safety procedures are in place and complied with at all times.
All reasonable precautions will be taken to ensure safety of employees.
All works should be carried out under the supervision of a suitably experienced person.
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All necessary safety gear will be worn at all times. This includes but not limited to life vests to those working in the lagoon.
First aid would be readily available, and employees will be trained in its use.
2.5 Project Schedule
This is a long term project, the site has been rented by the proponent for a period of 20 years.
Construction of the sea ranch facilities within the lagoon is expected to be completed within a month or two.
2.6 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs
The types of materials that will go into the development and from where and how this will be obtained are given in Table 2.2 and the type of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to the outputs are given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.2: Major Project Inputs
Input resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resources Engineers and site Locals and expatriate hired for the Proponent hired employees supervisors project Locals and expatriate hired for the Construction workers Proponent hired employees project Water supply (during - Rainwater will be collected - Four 5000 L Tanks to store rainwater construction) and stored. - Existing electricity generator in - Kaashidhoo STELCO facilities. the island. Electricity/Energy - In case there is an issue (during construction) - One backup power generator (100 proponent will use backup kWA) generator set. HDPE pipe, 2 mm HDPE liner, masonry Import or purchase locally where Material blocks, polythene cover, iron pipes, available cement, concrete, HDPE tanks, and paint. Brood-stock Sea cucumber (Sandfish) brood-stock Imported from India Maintenance parts and fluids required Import or purchase locally Maintenance material for the machinery and piping. where available Locals of Kaashidhoo will be Food and Existing houses on the island accommodated in houses in Accommodation Staff accommodation on site. Kaashidhoo.
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Input resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resources Accommodations for expatriate worker(s) will be provided on site in staff accommodation block Firefighting equipment Fire Extinguishers. Purchased locally Fuel Light Diesel, Petrol, Lubricants Local suppliers Telecommunication Mobile phones, and internet facilities Purchased locally Food and beverage Mainly imported sources except a few Purchased locally bottles locally available products.
Table 2.3: Major project outputs
Products and waste Anticipated quantities Method of disposal materials Waste oil Small quantities Barrelled and sent to Thilafushi Disposed at Kaashidhoo Waste Construction waste Small quantities (estimated 50 - 100 kg) Management Site Operation waste Prior to commencement of sea Disposed at Kaashidhoo Waste cucumber processing it is estimated that Management Site about 50 kg of waste will be produced per day.
It is anticipated that 10 – 15 ton of waste per month when sea cucumber processing commences. Hazardous waste Small quantities Barrelled and sent to Thilafushi (diesel) Wastewater from sea Disposed to lagoon via outfall Approximately 524 tons per day cucumber hatchery pipeline after treatment. Noise Operation of construction equipment No option available. will be noisy. Noise pollution will be localised to the site. As no residential buildings are nearby noise generated is not expected to result in any disturbance to the community. Disposed to Kaashidhoo Waste Food waste Small quantities Management Site. Plastic and packaging Disposed to Kaashidhoo Waste Small quantities wastes Management Site
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2.7 Demobilization
Demobilization will be carried out upon completion of the project.
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3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
These legal and policy provisions have to be fully respected in carrying out the proposed project. These requirements will be informed to all parties involved in the project; this also applies to all third parties (contractors/subcontractors) that may join the project. This project conforms to all relevant laws and regulations of the Maldives.
3.1 Relevant Legislation
3.1.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93)
The Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) enacted on 19 March 1993 is the framework law related to environment protection in the Maldives. The authority responsible for the Environment Act is the Ministry of Environment.
Articles 2, 4, 7, and 8 of the law are relevant to the Project.
Article 2 states that the concerned government authorities shall provide the necessary guidelines and advise on environmental protection in accordance with the prevailing conditions and needs of the country. All concerned parties shall take due considerations of the guidelines provided by the government authorities.
The project developers and contractors shall abide by any guidelines or advice given by the concerned Government authorities for the project.
Article 4 states that the Ministry of Environment shall be responsible for identifying protected areas and natural reserves and for drawing up the necessary rules and regulations for their protections and preservation.
The project developers and contractors shall ensure that there is no negative impact from the proposed project on any protected areas.
Article 7 of the EPPA (4/93) states that any type of waste, oil, poisonous gases or any substances that may have harmful effects on the environment shall not be disposed within the territory of the Maldives. In cases where the disposal of the substances becomes absolutely necessary, they shall be disposed only within the areas designated for the purpose by the government. If such waste is to be incinerated, appropriate precaution should be taken to avoid any harm to the health of the population.
All project contractors shall comply with the Environmental Management Plan presented in this report, which specifies how the wastes, oil and gases generated by the project will be disposed.
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Article 8 of the EPPA (4/93) states that Hazardous/ Toxic or Nuclear Wastes that is harmful to human health and the environment shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country.
Any hazardous wastes that may be generated from this project shall be transferred to the nearest designated waste site for disposal according to Government regulations and standards. It should not be disposed on the Island, as it does not have the necessary facility.
3.1.2 Fisheries Act
The Fisheries Act provides for:
- Formulation of Fisheries Regulations and Fisheries Management and Development - Fishing Grounds most Commonly used by Maldivians - Information and Research on Fisheries in the Maldives - Conservation of Living Marine Resources for a Special Purpose - Licensing - Cancellation of License - Fishing by Foreigners in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the Maldives - Procedure for Entering the EEZ of the Maldives by Fishing Vessels without a - License - Steps to be taken in case of suspected illegal activities - Penalties
3.1.3 Immigration Act (1/2007)
The Maldives Immigration Act (1/2007) lays down the rules for entry, departure and deportation of foreign nationals. Article 15 of the Act provides for work visa: the permit to remain in the Maldives for the duration of a work permit granted to a foreign national visiting the Maldives for the purpose of working, where a work permit has been obtained by that foreign national consistent with the regulations of the concerned Government authority.
It is anticipated that foreign migrant workers may be employed for the proposed project activities. Special emphasis will need to be given to ensure that all workers have the relevant work visas and proper documentation while working in the Maldives.
3.1.4 Anti-Human Trafficking Act (12/2013)
The Anti-Human Trafficking Act passed by the parliament on 03 December 2013 and ratified on 08 December 2013 makes trafficking in persons a criminal offence in the Maldives. The purposes of the Act are to: prevent trafficking of persons through and across the Maldives;
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establish the crimes of trafficking in persons and prescribe punishments; provide for prosecution of perpetrators of trafficking in persons; provide protection and assistance to victims of human trafficking; promote and protect the human rights of trafficked victims; and engage with local and international NGOs working against human trafficking.
The Act defines the crimes of trafficking, exploitation, and debt bondage. According to this Act, forced labour and fraudulent recruitment are considered human trafficking. The Act specifies the penalties for perpetrators of trafficking. The penalty for trafficking offence is a jail imprisonment up to 10 years that can be extended to 15 years if children are involved.
It is important to ensure that proponent abide by stringent measures to ensure there is no exploitation of foreign migrant workers. Special attention shall be given to ensure wages are paid in full and on time; the travel documents of workers are not held by proponent against the will of the workers, foreign migrant workers are not required to pay recruitment fees, there is no forced labour and all workers are treated with dignity and respect.
3.2 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines
3.2.1 National Waste Water Quality Guideline
Deep sea discharge in the context of the Maldives means discharge of wastewater beyond the shallow reef and at a depth which will ensure proper dispersion and rapid dilution. Deep sea discharge does not imply discharge of wastewater inside the atoll.
The values presented in the National Wastewater Quality Guideline (NWQG) provide maximum allowable concentration of listed components that has to be complied with at all times. If these maximum values are exceeded, one or more of the users of the marine environment will be affected. The values presented assumed proper dispersion as well as thorough and instant mixing at the point of discharge to limit impact at the point of discharge.
Table 3.1: Maximum allowable concentrations in domestic waste water for discharge into deep sea, NWQG
Domestic Waste Water Maximum Remarks Component allowable concentration Faecal coliform 100 org/100 ml For less than 95% of samples taken E.coli 1 org/100 ml For less than 95% of samples taken pH 5 – 9.5 Suspended Solids 150 mg/L To prevent sludge formation on corals Residual chlorine 0.1 mg/L Nitrates as N 15 mg/L Free and saline Ammonia as N 10 mg/L Ortho-phosphate as P 10 mg/L Surfactants 10 mg/L
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Domestic Waste Water Maximum Remarks Component allowable concentration Conductivity < Surrounding sea Should be less or equal to surrounding seawater water Oil, grease, and waxes 5 mg/L Chemical Oxygen Demand 50 mg/L After applying chloride correction Biological Oxygen Demand 40 mg/L Phenolic compounds as Phenol 1 mg/L Sum of metals 5 mg/L Cadmium + Chromium + Copper + Mercury + Lead Acute toxicity Zero No constituents allowed in concentrations which are poisonous or injurious to aquatic life
The proponent has proposed to dispose the reject water from the sea cucumber hatchery into the sea, after collecting it into a main wastewater storage tank and treatment. Regular monitoring is required to ensure that the wastewater meets the criteria set in the National Waste Quality Guideline (Chapter 10).
3.2.2 National Rainwater Harvesting Guideline
The National Rainwater Harvesting Guideline is issued by the EPA, and provides a detailed description of Rainwater Harvesting and components used to harvest rainwater. Furthermore it ways to protecting water quality, and a checklist to ensure Rainwater Harvesting system is optimal.
This guideline will be taken into consideration in the design and collection and usage of rainwater at the sea cucumber hatchery.
3.2.3 Regulation on Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another
Pursuant to the Environment Protection and Preservation Act of Maldives 1993, the Environment Ministry made a by-law with the purpose of educating developers about the importance of trees including best management practices for maintaining trees and provide standards for preservation of trees in the Maldives and set down rules and regulations to be adhered to prior to commencing felling, uprooting, digging out and exporting of trees and palms from one island to another in Maldives.
The by law states that the cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another can only be done if it is absolutely necessary and there is no other alternative. It further states that for every tree or palm removed in the Maldives two more should be planted and grown in the island.
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The by law prohibits the removal of the following tree types;
The coastal vegetation growing around the islands extending to about 15 meters into the island
All the trees and palms growing in mangrove and wetlands spreading to 15 meters of land area;
All the trees that are in a Government protected areas;
Trees that are being protected by the Government in order to protect species of animal/organisms that live in such trees; and Trees/palms that is abnormal in structure. This project will not require removal of prohibited vegetation, the coconut palms in the clearance area will be relocated to the nearest location within the project site.
3.2.4 Regulation on Sand and Coral Mining
Regulation on sand mining covers sand mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased; sand mining from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands; and aggregate mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased and from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands.
Coral mining from house reef and atoll rim has been banned through a directive from President’s Office dated 26 September 1990.
Sand should not be mined from any part of Kaashidhoo island beach or any other beach. Sand should also not be mined from within 100 ft. of the shoreline. The area allocated for sea cucumber farm is more than 100 ft. from the shoreline of the island. Please see regulation on dredging and reclamation for further controls.
3.2.5 Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation
The regulation of Dredging and Land Reclamation was published on 2 April 2013 with the aim of minimising environmental impacts associated with dredging activities in islands and reefs across Maldives.
The regulation defines the rationales acceptable for dredging as those related to approved development activities on inhabited islands and economic islands. It defines that those activities should be if utmost necessity for dredging to be considered.
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All dredging and reclamation activities must be approved by EPA in writing. The process includes the submission of project information to EPA along with a scaled before and after map.
The regulation defines rationales for reclamation as those absolutely necessary for social, economic or safety purposes.
Beach replenishment is restricted from 10 m of the registered shoreline in resort islands
Dredging is restricted in the following areas: o 500 m from the ocean side reef edge o 50 m from any island vegetation line o An environmentally sensitive site
Land reclamation is restricted within 200 m of a sensitive area.
Land reclamation cannot exceed 30% of the house reef area No dredging is proposed within the proposed sea cucumber farm area.
3.2.6 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9)
This law is pursuant to Article 22 of national constitution that states that protection, preservation and maintenance of the Maldivian natural environment, the richness of the living species, the natural resources and the beauty of the Maldives for the present generations as well as for the future generations is a basic obligation of the Maldivian government. The government shall enforce that the activities conducted in order to gain economic and social development should be of sustainable nature that protect the environment and such activities shall not deteriorate the environment, endanger any species, damage the environment, and shall not waste any natural resources.
This regulation is also pursuant to Environment Protection and Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93). The regulation is aimed at maintaining equal standards for reprimanding and enforcing environmental liabilities, fines for those who violate the rules and regulations and give guidance to those who are involved in the implementation process of the regulations pursuant to Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93).
One of the key objectives of the environmental liability regulation is also to practice polluter- pay-principles in the Maldives.
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The project proponent, and those involved shall be aware of this provision and shall take all practical measures to ensure that all relevant laws and regulations, and the EMP proposed in this EIA is followed.
3.2.7 Hygiene Regulation for Food Establishments (2014/R-380)
Hygiene Regulation for Food Establishment was published in October 2014. The regulation is pursuant to articles 55, 57, 58, 59 and 94 of the Health and Protection Act 2012. It provides the hygiene standards for food establishments essential to ensure public health safety related to food and drinks provided at these establishments. Articles 4(a) of this regulation requires all food establishments, including commercial establishments where food or drinks are produced or packaged, to be registered at Health Protection Agency (HPA) as per Annex 1 of the regulation.
Article 5 of the regulation states that all food establishments listed in article 4(a) and any temporary food establishments should acquire approval from HPA or an authority appointed by HPA.
As the project involves sea cucumber processing the proponent shall ensure that all applicable provisions of this regulation are strictly followed.
3.2.8 General Regulation for Food Establishments and Services (2007/182/FS1)
This regulation is applicable to establishments relating to the production, harvesting, transport, storage or sales of food. This regulation specifies the locations where facilities cannot be built, how the facility should be constructed, access to water, specific prescription for equipment and utensils, hygiene requirements and penalties for non-compliance.
The detailed design of the buildings, storage units, equipment, material and operational procedures must adhere to this regulation.
3.2.9 Compliance
In general, the proposed developments are in compliance with the laws and regulations described above. Where there is a special requirement to comply, the EMP identifies measures and mechanisms required to comply.
3.3 Environmental Permits Required for the Project
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note
The most important environmental permit to initiate project work would be a decision regarding this EIA. The EIA Decision Note, as it is referred to, shall govern the manner in which the
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|36 EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll project activities must be undertaken. This EIA report assists decision makers in understanding the existing environment and potential impacts of the project. Therefore, the Decision Note may only be given to the Proponent after a review of this document following which the EPA may request for further information or provide a decision if further information is not required. In some cases, where there are no major environmental impacts associated with the project, the EPA may provide the Decision Note while at the same time requesting for further information.
3.3.2 Dewatering Permit
A dewatering permit may be required for the project during excavation works. A separate application will have to be made to the EPA to get the permit. Permission can be granted for dewatering at a stretch for a maximum of 28 days, for which a sum of MVR500 should be paid per day. This amount is liable to be increased with the number of days increased.
3.3.3 Approval of the concept and site plan
Kaashidhoo Island Council has allocated area for this project (Appendix C).
The main government institutions that have roles and responsibilities relevant to this project are summarised below.
3.3.3.1 Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources, and Agriculture
The Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources, and Agriculture is the main agency responsible for approving and overseeing the developments related to Fisheries in the Maldives.
The project has a conditional approval by the ministry (Appendix C).
3.3.3.2 Ministry of Environment
The Ministry of Environment is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection Act of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to EPA.
Implementations of all other relevant environment regulations are within the mandate of Ministry of Environment.
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3.3.3.3 Atoll Council
Under the Decentralization Act, Kaafu Atoll has an elected Atoll Council located in Thulusdhoo. The Council Office is the main focal point of Government Ministries in Kaafu Atoll and they co- ordinate and liaises with Government Ministries and elected island councils on all issues relating to the Atoll.
A copy of this EIA will have to be submitted to Kaafu Atoll Council prior to submission to EPA. A letter acknowledging receipt of the report will be provided by the Council. The letter is to be included in the submission to EPA.
3.4 Guiding Policies and Documents
3.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II)
The aim of NEAP II is to protect and preserve the environment of the Maldives and to sustainably manage the country’s natural resources for the collective benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.
Accordingly, the key strategies of the NEAP II are:
Continuous assessment of the state of the environment in the Maldives, including impacts of human activities on land, atmosphere, freshwater, lagoons, reefs and the ocean; and the effects of these activities on human well-being
Development and implementation of management methods suitable for the natural and social environment of the Maldives and maintain or enhance environmental quality and protect human health, while at the same time using resources on a sustainable basis
Ensure stakeholder participation in the decision-making process by consultation and collaboration with all relevant sectors of society
Preparation and implementation of comprehensive national environmental legislation in order to provide for responsible and effective management of the environment
Adhering to international and regional environmental conventions and agreements and implementation of commitments embodied in such conventions. Furthermore, NEAP II specifies priority actions in the following areas:
Climate change and sea level rise; coastal zone management;
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Biological diversity conservation; integrated reef resources management;
Integrated water resources management;
Management of solid waste and sewerage;
Pollution control and management of hazardous waste;
Sustainable tourism development;
Land resources management and sustainable agriculture
Human settlement and urbanization.
3.4.2 Guideline for safe handling, transport, and storage of food items (MFDA-FCD- STAN-7-2017)
This guideline provides information on standards required for the storage buildings and equipment, procedures for storing and handling food in facilities, temperature control requirements, transportation guidelines and personal hygiene.
This project must refer to the guidelines for best practice guidance for the facility and it operations.
3.4.3 Waste Management Policy
The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. Accordingly, the key elements of the policy include:
Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated;
Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration;
Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste.
The proponents of this project must be aware of the policy and all solid and hazardous waste produced in this project should be disposed according to the Environmental Management Plan for the project, which reflects the principles of the Waste Management Policy.
3.4.4 Additional guiding documents
The following guidelines are recommended when designing the facility and its operations
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o National Standard for Labelling Pre-packaged Food (MFDA-FCD STAN 4-2014 (Rev. 1 – 2016)
o Code of Hygienic practice for milk and milk products (CAC/RCP 57-2004)
o Recommended International Code of Practice General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. 4-2003)
o CODEX codes of practice, guidelines, and recommendations related to food safety. 3.5 International Conventions
3.5.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The objective of the convention is “the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. The proposed development activities outlined in this project does not fall on any area recognised for its ecological value. Therefore it is unlikely there will be a major loss of biodiversity. The loss is not going to be significant at atoll or national level. Yet, it is recommended that the developer ensure that silt screens are used during dredging works, construction of the jetty and breakwaters to minimise any impact on the marine biodiversity.
3.5.2 International Plant Protection Convention
The Maldives has become a party to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) as a step to protecting native plant species in the Maldives from the risk of diseases introduced by imported plant varieties. The Maldives adhered to the IPPC on 3 October 2006 and the Convention requires that certificates of phytosanitary condition and origin of consignments of plants and plant products be used for import and export of plants and plant materials. Contracting parties have the full authority to regulate entry of plants and plant products and may prescribe restrictions on imports or prohibit importation of particular plants or plant products. Thus it is advisable that the proponent be aware of the requirements of IPPC and obtains the necessary phytosanitary certificates if any plants are to be imported to stabilise the beach or for landscaping.
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3.5.3 UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The objective of the Convention is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
The IPCC defines mitigation “as an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.” The greenhouse gas inventory of the Maldives forms an integral part of the First National Communication of the Maldives to the UNFCCC. In March 2009, the President of the Maldives has announced the target to make Maldives carbon neutral by 2020. Hence, in the implementation of the project, careful attention needs to be given to ensure energy efficiency and reduce transport related fuel consumption. Furthermore, planting of beach vegetation would help in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the project.
The IPCC defines adaptation “as an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects.” Various type of adaptation include anticipatory and reactive adaptation; private and public adaptation; and autonomous and planned adaptation. The adaptation policies and strategies of the Maldives are given in the Maldives National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). The replenishment of the beach can be considered as a long-term adaptation measure against beach erosion caused by rising sea levels.
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4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Physical Environment
4.1.1 Meteorology
The climate in Maldives is warm and humid, typical of the tropics. The average temperature ranges between 25C to 30C and relative humidity varies from 73 percent to 85 percent. The annual average rainfall is approximately 1,948 mm. As Maldives lies on the equator, Maldives receives plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Significant variation is observed in the climate between the northern and the southern atolls. The annual average rainfall in the southern atolls is higher than the northern atolls. In addition, greater extremes of temperature are also recorded in the southern atolls. On average southern atolls receive 2704 hours of sunshine each year. Table 4.1 provides a summary of key meteorological findings for Maldives.
Table 4.1: Key Meteorological Information of the Maldives
Parameter Data
Average Rainfall 9.1mm/day in May, November; 1.1mm/day in February
Maximum Rainfall 184.5 mm/day in October 1994 Average air 30.0 C in November 1973; 31.7 C in April temperature Extreme Air 34.1 C in April 1973;17.2 C in April 1978 Temperature Average wind speed 3.7 m/s in March; 5.7 m/s in January, June Maximum wind speed W 31.9 m/s in November 1978 Average air pressure 1012 mb in December; 1010 mb in April
4.1.1.1 Monsoons
The climate of Maldives is characterised by the monsoons of the Indian Ocean. Monsoon wind reversal significantly affects weather patterns. Two monsoon seasons are observed in Maldives: Northeast (Iruvai) and the Southwest (Hulhangu) monsoon. The parameters that best distinguish the two monsoons are wind and rainfall patterns. The southwest monsoon is the rainy season while the northeast monsoon is the dry season. The southwest monsoon occurs from May to September and the northeast monsoon is from December to February. The transition period of southwest monsoon occurs between March and April while that of northeast monsoon occurs from October to November.
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4.1.1.2 Winds
The winds that occur across Maldives are mostly determined by the monsoon seasons. The two monsoons are considered mild given that Maldives is located close to the equator. As a result, strong winds and gales are infrequent although storms and line squalls can occur, usually in the period May to July. During stormy conditions gusts of up to 60 knots have been recorded at Male’.
Wind has been uniform in speed and direction over the past twenty-plus monsoon seasons in the Maldives (Naseer, 2003). Wind speed is usually higher in central region of Maldives during both monsoons, with a maximum wind speed recorded at 18 m/s for the period 1975 to 2001. Mean wind speed as highest during the months May and October in the central region. Wind analysis indicates that the monsoon is considerably stronger in central and northern region of Maldives compared to the south (Naseer, 2003).
Besides the annual monsoonal wind variations there are occasional tropical climatic disturbances (tropical storms or low intensity tropical cyclones) in the central region which increases wind speeds up to 110 km/h, precipitation to 30 to 40 cm over a 24 hour period and storm surges up to 3 m in open ocean (UNDP, 2006).
Table 4.2 summarises the wind conditions in central Maldives throughout a year. Medium term meteorological data from Hulhule’ meteorological centre (see Figure 4.1, Figure 4.2, and Figure 4.3) and findings from long-term Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) are used in this analysis.
Table 4.2: Summary of General Wind Conditions from National Meteorological Centre
Season Month Wind December Predominantly from NW-NE. NE - Monsoon January High Speeds from W February From all directions. Mainly W. Transition Period 1 March High Speeds from W. April May June Mainly from W. SW - Monsoon July High Speeds from W. August September October Mainly from W. Transition Period 2 November High Speeds from W
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Figure 4.1: Monthly Frequencies of Wind Direction in Central Maldives based on National Meteorological Center 10 year Data (adapted from Naseer, 2003).
N NNW NNE 2500
NW 2000 NE 1500 1000 WNW ENE 500
W E
WSW ESE
SW SE
SSW SSE S
Figure 4.2: 24 Year Wind Frequency Recorded at National Meteorological Center.
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Figure 4.3: Mean Daily Wind Speed and Direction Recorded at National Meteorological Centre (1978 – 2004)
The Disaster Risk Profile of Maldives (UNDP, 2006) reports 11 cyclonic events over the Maldives in the last 128 years and only one event over the central Maldives. All of these events were of category 1 cyclones. There have been no cyclonic events since 1993.
Kaashidhoo Island is located in a moderately high-risk cyclonic hazard zones with a probable maximum wind speed of 43.3 m/s (UNDP, 2006). The project site is expected to receive regular annual strong winds during the peak SW monsoon.
4.1.1.3 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall for the archipelago is 2,124 mm. There are regional variations in average annual rainfall: southern atolls receive approximately 2,280 mm, and northern atolls receive approximately 1,790 mm annually (MEC, 2004). Mean monthly rainfall also varies substantially throughout the year with the dry season getting considerably less rainfall. This pattern is less prominent in the southern half, however. The proportions of flood and drought years are relatively small throughout the archipelago, and the southern half is less prone to drought (UNDP, 2006).
The nearest meteorological station to Kaashidhoo island is the National Meteorological Centre in Hulhule’ Island. The mean annual rainfall in Hulhule’ is 1991.5 mm with a Standard Deviation of 316.4 mm and the mean monthly rainfall is 191.6 mm. Rainfall varies throughout the year with mean highest rainfall during October, December and May and lowest between February and April (See Figure 4.4).
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250
200
150
100
50
0 J F M A M J J A S O N D
Figure 4.4: Mean Monthly Rainfall in Hulhule’ (1975-2004)
Analysis of daily maximum annual rainfall data shows high variability, including extremes (see Figure 4.5 below). However, no significant long term trends are evident in the Hulhule data.
Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975-2005) - (Source: Hay, 2006)
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The probable maximum precipitations predicted for Hulhule’ by UNDP (2006) are shown in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Probable Maximum Precipitation for various Return periods in Hulhule’ (UNDP, 2006)
Station Return Period 50 year 100 year 200 year 500 year Hulhule’ 187.4 203.6 219.8 241.1
4.1.1.4 Temperature
Daily temperatures of Maldives vary little throughout the year with a mean annual temperature of 28C. The annual mean maximum temperature recorded for Male’ during the period 1967- 1995 was 30.4C and the annual mean minimum temperature for the same period was 25.7C. The highest recorded temperature for Male’ was 34.1C on 16th and 28th of April 1973. The hottest month recorded was April 1975 with a maximum monthly average temperature of 32.7C, the next highest being 32.6C in April 1998. The lowest minimum average temperature of 23.7C was recorded in July 1992.
There is considerable inter annual variability in extreme temperatures for Hulhule as shown in Figure 4.6. A maximum temperature of at least 33.5oC is rare at Hulhule and has a return period of 20 years (Hay, 2006).
Figure 4.6: Maximum Temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2005 (Hay, 2006)
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4.1.2 Hydrology
4.1.2.1 Tidal Pattern
Tides in the Maldives are mixed and semi-diurnal/diurnal. Water levels at the site vary mainly in response to tides, storm surge or tsunamis. Tidal variations are referred to the standard station at Hulhulé Island. Typical spring and neap tidal ranges are approximately 1.0 m and 0.3 m, respectively (MEC, 2004). Maximum spring tidal range in Hulhulé is approximately 1.1 m. There is also a 0.2 m seasonal fluctuation in regional mean sea level, with an increase of about 0.1 m during February to April and a decrease of 0.1 m during September to November. Table 4.4 summarizes the tidal elevations reported at Hulhulé, which is representative of tidal conditions at the project site.
Table 4.4: Tidal Variations at Hulhule International Airport
Tide Level Referred to Mean Sea level Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) +0.66 Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) +0.39 Mean Lower High Water (MLHW) +0.24 Mean Sea Level (MSL) 0.00 Mean Higher Low Water (MHLW) -0.12 Mean Lower Low Water (MHLW) -0.32 Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) -0.81
The predicted tide curve for the period for the month of April 2017 at Hulhule is presented in Figure below.
Figure 4.7: Predicted tides for April 2017, based on data from Department of Meteorology, Maldives
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4.1.2.2 Wave Conditions
There are two major types of waves observed along the islands of Maldives. The first type is wave generated by local monsoon wind with a period of 3-8 seconds and the second type is swells generated by distance storms with a period of 14-20 seconds [Kench et. al (2006), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000), Lanka Hydraulics (1988a & 1998b)]. The local monsoon predominantly generates wind waves, which are typically strongest during April-July in the southwest monsoon period. Wave data for Male and Hulhulé between June 1988 and January 1990 (Lanka Hydraulics 1988a & 1998b) shows that the maximum significant wave height (Hs) recorded for June was 1.23 m with a mean period (Tm) of 7.53s. The maximum recorded Hs for July was 1.51 m with a Tm of 7.74s. The mean wave periods were 5.0 – 9.0s and the peak wave periods were within 8.0 – 13.0s.
Waves studies around Maldives have identified the presence of swell waves approaching predominantly from a southwest to a southerly direction Kench et. al (2006), Young (1999), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000) and Naseer (2003). The timing of the long distance swell waves is associated with the South Indian Ocean storm activity (Young 1999). Waves generated from abnormal events could also travel against the predominant swell propagation patterns (Goda, 1998), causing flooding on the eastern and southern islands of Maldives (UNDP, 2009). The island is exposed to periodic swell waves approaching from the SE. These waves can refract on the reef of the island to directly impact the project site. Swell wave activity may be strongest during the peak SW monsoon. The timing of the project will therefore be crucial and it may be necessary to implement measures to protect the site from these waves.
The proposed site is exposed to swell waves approaching from the SE. The swells are generally present throughout the year but increases in intensity between June and August. The timings of these waves usually coincide with Southwest monsoon and occur between May and November with peak periods between June to October.
Based on existing wave and wind data, the predicted wave patterns around the island are summarized in Figure 4.8.
Due to the geography of the island, the project site directly is exposed to year-round swells from the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the isolated nature of the island and the atoll allows a wide fetch for SW and NE monsoon swells. The island is exposed to swell waves throughout the year with intensity increasing between June and October.
Maldives experiences occasional flooding caused by long distance swell waves that are generated by South Indian Ocean storms (Goda 1988). The swell waves of height 3 m that flooded Male’ and Hulhulé’ in 1987 are said to have originated from a low pressure system off west coast of Australia. In addition, Maldives has recently been subject to an earthquake-
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In addition to swell waves, islands of the Maldives are also exposed to storm surges associated with localised storms and cyclonic events (UNDP 2009). However, the Disaster Risk Assessment report (UNDP, 2006), reported that Kaashidhoo island is located at a moderate storm surge hazard zone with a maximum probably maximum storm surge of 0.60 m.
4.1.2.3 Currents
In general, currents which affect the sea areas around the islands reef system can be the result of one or more of tidal currents, wind-induced currents and wave-induced currents. It is presumed that dominating two monsoon season winds have a greater effect on both oceanic currents lagoon currents around Maldives. Westward flowing currents are dominated from January to March and eastwardly from May to November. In the project site, the current will transition from SW to NE monsoon and will be affected by the tide cycle as well.
In situ current measurements of the project site varied based on location and tide. These measurements will be affected by the monsoon and the tide cycle as well. Data on current flow at the site is provided in Figure 4.9. These measurements were taken during the transition from SW to NE monsoon.
These measurements should be treated with caution as it represents data for a single day and was observed only in a one hour window. Prolonged measurements over two seasons are required to provide exact values of current speed.
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Figure 4.8: Estimated wave patterns of the site
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Figure 4.9: Measured current patterns around Project Site
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4.1.3 Beach
4.1.3.1 Coastal Modifications
The island has undergone major coastal modifications (see Figure 4.10). A channel has been dredged on the western half of the lagoon in the early 2000s and the resulting material was placed on the side of the channel (about 230 ft from the channel). The material has now migrated closer to the island and continues to change its shape (see Figure 4.10). Channel mouth was re- dredged during harbour redevelopment project and the resulting material was again placed next to the previous dredge waste island. The presence of the dredge waste island had localised changes to the island lagoon and possibly to some extent on the island shoreline.
The harbour basin was also dredged in the early 2000s along with the channel. Land reclamation of about 4.7 Ha was undertaken to dispose the dredge waste. However, the breakwater was constructed in the early 2010s. An additional boat yard area was also dredged during the harbour redevelopment (see Figure 4.10). The presence of harbour basin has stopped the limited longshore movement along the northern shoreline of Kaashidhoo Island.
Since the introduction of Guest House Tourism on the island, sea grass removal and beach replenishment was undertaken on the western end of the island (see Figure 4.10). There are also two groynes installed in this area with mixed results. The area continues to erode and is in need for further replenishment.
4.1.3.2 Historical changes and long-term erosion
Analysis of historical changes to beach was undertaken using remote sensing technology by comparing aerial photographs from 1969 (see Figure 4.11) against aerial images and satellite image from 1998, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2016.
The results show that the island has undergone major shoreline changes in some sections of the island over the last 45 years. Comparison of data between 1969 and 2017 show that both the eastern and western ends of the island have undergone substantial changes (See Figure 4.11). In general, the ocean side shoreline has retreated but the eastern and western has accreting using the eroded material. This pattern of both tips growing towards inner lagoon is a prevalent feature of semi-circular shaped islands located parallel to the prevalent swells (e.g. HA, Baarah, Sh. Eriadhoo). Over the last 49 years, Island the island has lost about 8.69 Ha and has naturally accreted about 7.4 Ha, most of which are found on both ends as described above. In addition, 4.7 Ha of land has been reclaimed. All in all, there is a net gain of 3.41 Ha of vegetated land over the last 49 years.
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The above discussion is based on comparison of data at two points in time. Comparison of shoreline changes over multiple years show that much of the erosion on the ocean side occurred prior to the 1990’s (See Figure 4.12) except for the northern end, where erosion is still prevalent (See Figure 4.13). The western tip advanced by 166 m and accretion 5.38 Ha since 1969 but has slowed down in the last 13 years.
The eastern end advanced in a similar pattern to western end, although the amount deposited was 2 Ha. Much of the material came directly from the northern shoreline (See Figure 4.13). The pattern of growth was more NW prior to the mid-2000s but recent years have shown a consistent west ward movement (See Figure 4.14). The average beach extension rate (westward) over the last 20 years was at 3.55 m per year.
4.1.3.3 Predicted short-term beach changes
The growth of western and eastern end is likely to continue at its present rate for the next few years. Erosion along the northern shoreline will also continue to feed the eastern tip growth. Beach replenishment work undertaken on the western end is likely to speed up the western end vegetated area growth and the replenished beach is likely to continue to erode.
The stagnant nature of flow along the northern shoreline will deprive the area of a wide beach and will continue experience waves running up to the vegetation line.
4.1.3.4 Beach profiles
Beach profiles provide invaluable information about the sediment volume, beach slope and changes to volume and slope over time. In addition the slope, height and width are good indicators of wave and wind conditions, and erosion dominant areas. In general, gentler slopes and wider widths indicate an accreting area with generally lower wave energy and erosion at the time of the survey. Steeper slopes indicate stronger wave energy particularly if the beach material is composed of coarser material. Steeper slopes are also associated with severe erosion, in other areas.
Beach profiles for the island are presented in Appendix E.
In general the profiles show a low elevation along the lagoon facing shoreline. The eastern end shows erosion scarps but the rest of the profiles show calm condition profiles.
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4.1.3.5 Description of Existing Coastal Conditions
North eastern Side
North eastern side currently experiences server erosion, contains steep beach slopes and sediment size range between cobbles and boulders. There are exposed beach rock areas and shallow reef flat, with occasional rubble ramparts or similar deposits.
Eastern Shoreline
The eastern shoreline is the oceanward shoreline of the island. The shoreline is characterized by boulders and cobbles, with extensive areas of beach rock. Beach slopes are steep and high and erosion scarps are visible generally throughout the shoreline.
South western Shoreline
Similar to the NE side, the area contains limited beach and sand size ranges from coarse sand to cobbles. Waves run up to vegetation line.
Western Shoreline
The western shoreline faces the calm inner lagoon and comprises of low elevation, gentle slopes and areas of little or no beach. The lagoon is heavily covered in seagrass and hence large areas of the beach are covered with seagrass debris. The sediments range from fine sand to coarse sand.
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Figure 4.10: Coastal Modifications
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Figure 4.11: Medium-term shoreline changes
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Figure 4.12: Short-term shoreline changes
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Figure 4.13: Short-term shoreline changes on the eastern end
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4.1.4 Water quality assessment
The primary objective of the marine water quality sampling was to establish the baseline condition of marine water and groundwater of the island. Ground water samples were collected from 2 locations, on 19th November 2019 in clean 330 ml PET bottles. PET bottles were rinsed with water to be sampled, before sampling.
The following parameters were tested; physical appearance, Temperature, pH, Conductivity, salinity, Turbidity, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The parameters were analysed at the Malé Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory.
Marine water samples were collected from 3 locations, on 19th November 2019 in clean 1500 ml PET bottles, 375 ml glass bottles and 500 ml sterile bags. PET bottles and glass bottles were rinsed with water to be sampled, before sampling.
The following parameters were tested; physical appearance, Temperature, pH, Salinity, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Sulphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The parameters were analysed at the Malé Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory.
Table 4.5 shows the test results of the marine and Table 4.6 shows the result of ground water quality assessment. Laboratory test results are attached in Appendix C.
Table 4.5: Water Quality Results for seawater samples
Optimal Results Parameter Range SW1 SW2 SW3 - Clear with Clear with Clear with Physical appearance particles particles particles pH 8.0 – 8.3 8.48 8.28 8.16 Salinity (‰) - 35.19 35.36 34.98 Temperature (oC) 18-32 22.3 23.2 23.3 Nitrate (mg/L) <5 8.3 5.4 1.0 Nitrite (mg/L) - 0.0014 0.0210 0.0100 Nitrogen Ammonia (mg/L) - 0.13 0.10 0.15 Sulphate (mg/L) - 2700 2600 2750 Phosphate (mg/L) - 0.09 <0.05 0.33 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) - 9.37 9.36 9.16 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/L) - 4 3 4
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Optimal Results Parameter Range SW1 SW2 SW3 Total Coliform (MPN/100 ml) - 7 11 9
Most water quality parameters were within the optimal range. One marine sample showed a slightly higher nitrate level optimal value.
Table 4.6: Water Quality Results for groundwater samples
Results Parameter GW1 GW2 Physical appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles Conductivity (µS/cm) 1252 504 Salinity (‰) 0.62 0.24 Temperature (oC) 22.4 22.2 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 626 252 Turbidity (NTU) 1.43 0.316 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon <0.036 (LoQ 0.036 mg/L) <0.036 (LoQ 0.036 mg/L) (mg/L) The ground water samples showed low salinity level, and TPH levels were below the limit of quantification (<0.036 mg/L).
4.2 Marine Environment
4.2.1 Photo Quadrat Survey and Fish Census
Transect 1
This transect was deployed at less than 0.1m depth within the shallow reef flat opposite of the sea cucumber hatchery site on-land (Appendix D).
This is a thick seagrass bed, the analysis of the photos shows benthic coverage at the site was 89.9%±2SE seagrass, dominated by Thalassia hemprichii species.
Due to the shallow depth, and turbid conditions at the site no significant fish species were observed during the survey.
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Figure 4.14: Select images along Transect 1
Figure 4.15: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1
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Transect 2
Transect 2 was deployed at 2.7 m depth, along the reef edge on the western side of the island (Appendix D). This site was predominantly made up of a rocky pavement (84.5%±3.6SE). Live coral made about (5.50%± 2.30 SE) of the transect line. Main coral types observed belonged to families Faviidae, Portidae and Pocillioporidae.
Figure 4.16: Select images along Transect 2
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Figure 4.17: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 2
A total of 11 fish species belonging to 7 different fish families were recorded during the fish census. Highest number of fishes were recorded from Acanthuridae (Surgeonfish Family 3 species). Surgeonfishes mainly graze on algae and feed on plankton/zooplankton in the water column.
Table 4.7: Summary of fish census survey along Transect 2
Abundance Family Species Common Name Category Chaetodon falcula Double-saddle Butterflyfish 3 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Threadfin Butterflyfish 2 Pomacentrus caeruleus Blue-yellow Damsel 3 Pomacentridae Chrysiptera brownriggi Surge Damsel 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse 2 Labridae Thalassoma amblycephalum Two-tone Wrasse 2 Scaridae Scarus rubroviolaceus Ember Parrotfish 2 Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish 2 Acanthuridae Acanthurus leucocheilus White-spine Surgeonfish 2 Acanthurus triostegus Convict Surgeonfish 4 Balistidae Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish 3
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4.2.2 Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the lagoon.
Site 1: Proposed lagoon grow-out site for sea cucumber
This site is located within the shallow reef flat on the north eastern side of the island. Water depth at this site was about 0.1 m, and visibility was poor.
This is a thick seagrass bed dominated by Thalassia hemprichii species (~90%). Turf algae patches were also observed among the seagrass bed. No significant live coral colonies were observed within this area, and the conditions at the site greatly prohibit coral growth.
High abundance of Cassiopea (Upside-down Jellyfishes) were observed with the seagrass bed. Few juvenile fishes belonging to family Wrasse was observed at the time of the survey.
Figure 4.18: Select images along Site-1 proposed sea cucumber grow-out site
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Site 2
Site 2 is located west of the lagoon grow-out side (Appendix D). Thick seagrass bed occurs within this site as well, dominated by Thalassia hemprichii species. In addition clumps of Halimeda sp. and turf algal patches were observed within the seagrass bed.
Isolated coral colonies were observed scattered across the seagrass bed, these included Porites cylindrica colonies, and Seriatopera sp. colonies.
Few sea cucumbers (Actinopyga miliaris) were observed feeding on bottom sediment at this site. Fish population within the area was low, and were juvenile fishes belonging to Damselfish and Surgeonfish family.
Figure 4.19: Select images showing Site-2
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4.3 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
4.3.1 Flora
General Characteristics
The site allocated for the sea cucumber hatchery was previously used to grow agricultural crops. Several coconut palms, banana trees and shrubs were observed within the site. The following table provides an inventory of key trees observed within the project site.
Table 4.8: Floral inventory of proposed project location
Name(s) No. of Trees Observed in the # Ethnobotanical Aspects area/ Required for Removal Scientific English Dhivehi
Multiple Uses, timber, fruit, toddy, Cocos Coconut Dhivehi 1 thatch making etc., Virgin Coconut 10 / 6 nucifera palm ruh Oil Production
Dhonkeyo 2 (Musa Banana tree Edible fruit Approx. 15 / 0 acuminate) gus
The main site that require vegetation removal for this project are the proposed location for the Sea Cucumber Grow-Out Building-2, Sea cucumber Processing and Storage Building. It is estimated that 6 coconut palms that falls into this footprint will need to be removed. All palm trees that fall within the direct footprint of this project will be relocated to areas within the site or nearby areas, and the proponent will coordinate with the local council to carry out this activity.
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Figure 4.20: Aerial view of the project site showing the Figure 4.21: Shrubs and weed growing around the Sea vegetated area with project site Cucumber Grow-Out Building-1
Figure 4.22: Coconut palms at the site
4.3.2 Fauna
General Characteristics
The proposed site(s) are located in an urban area and thus not much fauna was observed on the site or its vicinity. The only species recorded during the field visit was the common crow (Corvus linnaeus), and the common garden lizard (Calotes versicolor).
However, based on local accounts and experiences from similar conditions found in the Maldives, it can be said that some other common species such as the Rat (Rattus sp.), Fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus ariel) and other small fauna will be found within the project area.
No bird species or other faunal species of significant importance was identified at the proposed site(s).
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4.4 Natural Hazard Assessment for the Site
According to the UNDP Disaster Risk Assessment Report of Maldives in 2006, Kaashidhoo Islands’ placement in the in the atoll exposes the island to moderate cyclone hazards, wind storms, storm surges and swell waves. The report also notes that Kaashidhoo is highly vulnerable to tsunami risk. Findings of the report applicable to the project site have been used in this hazard risk assessment section. Kaashidhoo is among the top 20 islands with multi-hazard physical vulnerability risk.
4.4.1 Predicted Hazards
4.4.1.1 Rainfall
The mean annual rainfall at Hulhule’, the closest monitoring station to the project site which is located approximately 78 km, is 1991.5 mm with a Standard Deviation of 291.2 mm. Rainfall varies throughout the year with mean highest rainfall between September and December, and lowest between February and April.
Future Event and Impact Threshold Prediction
The probable maximum precipitations predicted for Hulhule’ by UNDP (2006) are shown in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9: Probable Maximum Precipitation for various Return periods at Hulhule'
Return Period
50 Year 100 Year 200 Year 500 Year 187.4 203.6 219.8 241.1
4.4.1.2 Wind Storms and Cyclone Hazard
Maldives being located within the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean is generally free from cyclonic activity. There have only been a few cyclonic strength depressions that have tracked through the Maldives, all which occurred in the northern regions. As mentioned in Section 4.12, according to the hazard risk assessment report (UNDP, 2006), the project site is at moderate risk for cyclone related hazards.
Analysis of all the wind speed data for the years 2002 and 2003 indicates that the probability of occurrence of wind speeds greater than 11.8 m/s is 1.3 days (0.36%) in a year. The analysis also indicated that highest winds blow from SSW – W.
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4.5 Socio-economic Setting
This section presents the current socio-economic setting of Kaashidhoo Island based on the island information data provided by the island council of Kaashidhoo Island on the 17th of October 2017, and from the National Bureau of Statistics (Census, 2014).
4.5.1 Population Characteristics
According to the Census 2014, Kaashidhoo has a total population of 1865; Total population of children under the age of 18 is 776 and the total population of seniors over the age of 65 is 84. Majority of the population is between the ages of 18 and 65 with a total population of 1005. In addition, Kaashidhoo has a total of 150 foreign nationals residing in the island. However according to the island information provided by the Council in December 2017, Kaashidhoo has a total registered population of 2432 persons.
The following chart summarizes the population composition of Kaashidhoo by age groups based on the Census 2014.
Population Pyramid of Kaashidhoo Island
75+ 65-69 55-59 45-49 35-39 25-29 15-19 5-9
-15% -10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
Male Female Figure 4.23: Population pyramid of Kaashidhoo Island by Age Group
4.5.2 Population Density
Based on the information provided by the Island Council and the National Bureau of Statistics, there are approximately 6 people per hectare of the island.
4.5.3 Sex Ratio
The population of Kaashidhoo Island comprises of 51.5% male, and 48.5% female on as per the information from the 2014 Census.
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4.5.4 Education
Kaashidhoo has one educational institution which teaches up to secondary level education. A total of 90 children are studying in Preschool level with 6 local teachers. 252 children are studying in primary level with 18 local teacher and 3 experience teachers. 139 Students are currently studying in secondary level with 9 local teachers and 12 experience teachers.
4.5.5 Health Services
There are no recent published reports on health statistics of Kaashidhoo, thus all health-sector related information about Kaashidhoo has been provided on request by the island council.
Kaashidhoo currently has one government Health Centre (Kaafu Kaashidhoo Health Centre) with two general doctors and four public health workers. The Health Centre is also staffed by 13 nurses and one technician. Laboratory services are available in the Health Centre; however, there are no pharmacies in the island.
4.5.6 Utilities and Infrastructure
Since there are no recent published reports on utilities of Kaashidhoo, all utility related information about the island has been provided on request by the island council.
There is one harbor in Kaashidhoo which was constructed in 2011 (700 x 250 ft.).
Electricity service in Kaashidhoo is provided by STELCO. With Four generators:
- Generator set no.1 - 160 kW - Generator set no.2 - 200 kW - Generator set no.3 - 250 kW - Generator set no.4 - 590 kW There is an existing renewable energy plant (45 kW) in the island
Kaashidhoo Island does not have a sewerage network installed. Hence, the population still relies on conventional septic tanks for sewage disposal.
The main source of water for the Kaashidhoo residents come from ground water and rainwater is used for household consumption. The ground water in the island is in good condition. In addition to this, there are 10 community rainwater tanks (2500L) in the island. However, there are no connections to desalinated water for the locals as there are no desalination plants.
Kaashidhoo does not have an adequately equipped waste management center and there is no door-to-door waste collection. Waste is disposed to the waste collection site by individuals.
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4.5.7 Transport
For public sea transport, Kaashidhoo has two ferries operating within the atoll and four passenger boats operating between Kaashidhoo and the Capital City Male’
Trucks and Motorcycles are the existing road transportation within the island.
4.5.8 Business and Employment
Since there are no recent published data on business and employment in Kaashidhoo, information from the Kaashidhoo atoll council has been used in this section.
The main source of income in the island is agriculture. There are roughly 800 employed people in the island.
There are 29 shops and 5 café’ restaurants. There are a total of 340 farmers accounting for 736 agricultural farms. 40 fishermen, 8 fishing vessels and 4 cargo boats are also present in the island. There are currently 2 workshops on the island
4.5.9 Civil Society Organizations
Kaashidhoo has 14 civil Society Organizations. 6 NGOs are currently active in the island and their activities mainly focus on the sports and recreation on the island. There is also an active and functioning Women’s committee in the island.
4.5.10 Heritage Sites
Kaashidhoo is home to the Kaashidhoo Tharaagandu, which is a heritage site with significant, culturally diverse history.
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5 Stakeholder Consultations
5.1.1 Introduction
Stakeholder consultations for this EIA were conducted on 10th October 2017. Consultations were mainly conducted via formal meetings. During each consultation stakeholders were briefed about the proposed project and asked their views and concerns about the project activities, and to give recommendations. Following is a list of stakeholders identified for this EIA;
Kaashidhoo Island Council Kaafu Atoll Council Maldives Marine Research Institute Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture Members of Public of Kaashidhoo Island Maldives Food and Drug Authority Health Protection Agency
Following sections provide summary of discussions with each of the stakeholders listed above.
5.1.2 Kaashidhoo Island Council
The meeting with the island council was held on 23rd October 2019 (12:00 PM). Brief information of the project was given at the start of the meeting and participant were asked for their views and concerns about the project activities and for their recommendations. List of participants and summary of discussions is provided below.
Table 5.1: Participants list for Kaashidhoo council meeting
# Name Designation Office Email Mobile 1 Ali Sulthan Council President Kaashidhoo [email protected] 7826675 Island Council
Summary of Discussions:
Prior to renting the land for the hatchery, Kaashidhoo Island Council did attempt to initiate sea cucumber farming in the shallow lagoon of Kaashidoo by purchasing juvenile sea cucumbers from the sea cucumber hatchery at Shaviyani Nalandhoo. However, the council abandoned this initiate when Lhaviyani Holdings Pvt Ltd approached the council with the plan to setup and operate a sea cucumber hatchery in Kaashidhoo.
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Island Council foresees direct and indirect benefits to the local community from this project. The council anticipates that locals will be setting up their own sea cucumber sea pens in the lagoon to grow-out juvenile sea cucumbers from this hatchery. The site allocated for the hatchery and sea pens is not used for any recreational purposes, as the site is quite muddy and dominated by seagrass. This site is ideal for mariculture activity. Council does not have any major concerns regarding the project. If any issues arise in the future these will be discussed with the project proponent.
5.1.3 Members of Kaashidhoo Public
Door-to-door consultations were held in Kaashidhoo Island from 18th November 2019. For this survey, 21 individuals were surveyed from 20 households of the island. The views of the surveyed residents are summarised in the following paragraphs. List of people interviewed is present in Appendix F.
Summary of Findings.
100% of the people interviewed were supportive of the proposed Sea cucumber hatchery development in Kaashidhoo as it would provide more job opportunities and increase the islands economy. One interviewee was against the location of the sea cucumber hatchery and stated that the area could be used for local tourism.
5.1.4 Kaafu Atoll Council
The meeting with the Kaafu Atoll council was held on 3rd December 2019 (10:30 AM). Brief information of the project was given at the start of the meeting and participant were asked for their views and concerns about the project activities and for their recommendations. List of participants and summary of discussions is provided below.
Table 5.2: Participants list for Kaafu Atoll Council meeting
# Name Designation Office Email Mobile
1 Abdulla Warish Vice President Kaafu Atoll [email protected] 7955002 Council
Summary of Discussions:
Kaafu atoll council had no reservations or concerns in carrying out the project.
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5.1.5 Maldives Marine Research Institute
The meeting with the Maldives Marine Research Institute (MMRI was held on 30th October 2019. Brief information of the project was given at the start of the meeting and participant were asked for their views and concerns about the project activities and for their recommendations. List of participants and summary of discussions is provided below.
Table 5.3: Participants list for Maldives Marine Research Insitiute meeting
# Name Designation Office Email Mobile
1 Nizam Ibrahim Senior Research MMRI [email protected] 9984888 Officer
Summary of Discussions:
- Sufficient marine data should be collected at the site to establish baseline conditions.
In addition to these points, during the EIA scoping session the following were highlighted by the participant from MMRI at the meeting
Table 5.4: Participants list for Maldives Marine Research Insitiute in EIA scoping meeting
# Name Designation Office Email Mobile
1 Hussain Ahmed Aqua Culturist MMRI [email protected] 9555373
- The sea cucumber pens should be cleaned regularly, at least weekly - Special attention should be given to tide when provisioning food to sea cucumbers, ideal time for feeding is during low tide hours.
5.1.6 Maldives Food and Drug Authority
The meeting with the Maldives Food and Drug Authority (MFDA was held on 4th December 2019. Brief information of the project was given at the start of the meeting and participant were asked for their views and concerns about the project activities and for their recommendations. List of participants and summary of discussions is provided below.
Table 5.5: Participants list for Maldives Food and Drug Authority meeting
# Name Designation Office Email Tel. 1 Mariyam Scientific Officer MFDA [email protected] 3014305 Madheeha
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Summary of discussions:
The main component that MFDA focuses on is the layout of the facility and whether the standards and methodology could decline the environmental health of the surrounding environment.
The waste processed by the facility needs to be disposed properly. The outfall discharge (if any) needs to be discharged away from coastal inhabited areas.
MFDA has two guidelines that is relevant to the proposed project; General Principles for Food Hygiene.
Generally, MFDA issues the export registration, food processing facility permit, and a health certification.
Initially the proponent needs to submit the application with the layout of the facility to MFDA and work with MFDA to ensure that the facility is up to standards.
The required standards differ depending on which country that the proponent is exporting the sea cucumbers to. For European Union exports, the proponent should comply with HACCP standards. The standards need to be met before MFDA can issue an export permit (issued for one year at a time). Once the export permit is issued, MFDA will issue a health certificate for airport processing. A 200 MVR shipment payment will need to paid for each shipment.
The permit for the food processing facility is issued for 6 months and need to be renewed regularly as needed.
Quality control SOPs need to be used to ensure that products are produced, stored and exported according to the required standards.
MFDA conducts inspections to ensure that the facility is up to the mentioned standards following 1 month, and 3 months of operation.
Alternatively, the proponent can also make an agreement with an exporter with a pre-existing permit.
Follow-up Action required:
Obtain the following permits and certifications prior to commencement of sale of sea cucumber.
Permit for Export Permit for Operating a Food Processing Facility Health Certification
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5.1.7 Health Protection Agency
The meeting with the Health Protection Agency (HPA) was held on 10th December 2019. Brief information of the project was given at the start of the meeting and participant were asked for their views and concerns about the project activities and for their recommendations. List of participants and summary of discussions is provided below.
Table 5.6: Participants list for Health Protection Agency
# Name Designation Office Email Tel. 1 Aminath Shaufa Director, Public HPA [email protected] 7514075 Health Programme
Summary of Discussion
- HPA does not have comments to the project.
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6 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION
6.1 Introduction
The sea cucumber hatchery facility at Kaashidhoo will lead to changes to the existing environment outlined in the previous chapter. Hence the above-discussed baseline environmental conditions are used as benchmarking conditions for assessing the future environmental impacts from this project. In this regard, the aim of this chapter is to highlight and identify the environmental impacts of the proposed project on the island. Significant impacts are identified and evaluated in two stages. The first stage identifies environmental and socio-economic components that may be impacted from key project activities. The second stage determines significance of impacts of each component.
The following sections provide details of the evaluation of impacts. The affected area and footprint of the proposed project is presented in Figure 6.1. These boundaries are based on physical conditions and work methods proposed in the project without any mitigation measures. The extents shown are not absolute and do not represent figures derived from dispersal modelling. It is based purely on past experience from similar projects
Nature of potential impacts is defined here as no impact, adverse impact or beneficial impact. Table 6.1 below provides the nature of potential impacts from the proposed project on environmental by the project. Where impacts are not applicable to different components, this is indicated as ‘X’. Some components may be affected both adversely (indicated as [-]) and beneficially (indicated as [+]) from the project.
6.2 Identification of significant impacts
Environmental and socio-economic components that may be impacted by the project as identified in Table 6.1 are further evaluated to identify significant impacts. Assessments of the impacts are conducted using the four criteria of magnitude, reversibility, duration and distribution as described below. Evaluation of key impacts is provided in Table 6.2.
1. Magnitude: Refers to the quantum of change that will be experienced as a consequence of the impact.
2. Reversibility: Refers to the degree of reversibility of an impact (i.e. ease of reversing the conditions).
3. Duration: Refers to the temporal scale (i.e. duration, frequency) of the impact. It does not take into account the duration of the impact’s effects.
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4. Distribution: Refers to the spatial scale of the area impacted (e.g. a small portion of a reef or an entire lagoon)
Estimates for negative impacts represent a ‘worst case scenario’ based on the assumption that the project will undergo full scale development with no consideration for its environmental and social consequences, i.e. significance is assessed prior to implementation of mitigation measures. Values are attributed by the EIA team on the basis of direct observation of surveyed sites, professional judgment and pre-existing experience in development projects of similar nature.
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Table 6.1: Impact Identification Matrix for the project
Activity
oise Level
N Quality Air GHG emissions processes Coastal Groundwater Flora Terrestrial fauna Terrestrial condition Soil water Marine environment Marine fauna and flora Marine species Protected safety & risk hazard Natural safety Health and Employment Visual Amenity Construction Stage Site clearance - - - x x - x - x x x x x - + - Construction of buildings and setup of tanks - - - x x x x x - - - x x - + - Construction of sea pens & overwater walkways - - - - x x x x - - - x x - + - Installation of water intake and outfall pipeline - - - x - - x - - - - x x - + - Operation Stage
Importing brood-stock x x - x x x x x x x x x x x x x Sea cucumbers spawning x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Feed preparation x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + x Algal mass culture x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Feeding sea cucumber x x x x x x x x - x x x x + + x Cleaning mesh x x x x x x x x - - x x x - + x Sea cucumber harvesting & processing x x x x x x x x x x x x x - + x Operation of backup generator - - - x x x x x x x x x x - x x Disposal of wastewater x x x x - x x x - - - x x x + x
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Activity
oise Level
N Quality Air GHG emissions processes Coastal Groundwater Flora Terrestrial fauna Terrestrial condition Soil water Marine environment Marine fauna and flora Marine species Protected safety & risk hazard Natural safety Health and Employment Visual Amenity Post project Demobilization x x x x x x x x - - - x x - + x x (no impact), - (negative impact) + (positive impact)
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Table 6.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural environment during construction and operation stage
Impact area Potential impacts Nature/Distribution/Dur Reversibility Significance ation/Magnitude
Ambient noise Noise pollution: The most significant noise pollution Direct/negative; Easily reversible, Insignificant - Limited level is anticipated during construction activities. 200 m radius of project negligible effects hours of operation, site; nearest residential area is No major noise pollution is expected during over a kilometre from the Short term; operation phase. project site. Negligible change Majority of the land construction works have been completed. As the rest of the works will be completed in a short duration overall noise pollution is expected to be low.
Ambient air Air quality degradation: Negligible level of air Direct/negative; Easily reversible, Insignificant - Negligible quality pollutants are anticipated from vehicles operations Project Site; negligible effects level of emissions. and during operation of the hatchery. Short term; Negligible change GHG emissions Increase in GHG gas in atmosphere; operation of Direct/negative; Reversible over time Insignificant - negligible vehicles, and the hatchery that emit GHGs will Island level; amount of GHGs is results in increase in GHGs in the atmosphere. anticipated to be released. Long term; Negligible change Coastal processes Reduce movement of sediment; installation of sea Direct/negative; Reversible over time Moderately significant – pens near the shoreline could reduce the movement Island level; The sea pens and of sediment at the site. overwater walkways are Long term flow through which allow Negligible sediment movement,
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Impact area Potential impacts Nature/Distribution/Dur Reversibility Significance ation/Magnitude
however monitoring is required to ensure any adverse changes.
Groundwater Degradation of fresh water lens; effluent may be Direct/negative; Reversible over time Moderately significant – If released due to damages/blocks in pipes. Release of Island level; the project is carried out with precaution this effluent will potentially cause soil and groundwater Long term impact can be avoided, contamination and unpleasant odour. Negligible however monitoring is required to detect and avoid any adverse changes.
Terrestrial Flora Direct loss of terrestrial flora from the project sites Direct/negative; Irreversible Significant - trees are and Fauna due to removal and relocation of palms and trees Island level; removed from a large area of land which makes the Long term area more Negative change environmentally vulnerable.
Loss of habitat and disturbance to terrestrial fauna Direct/negative; Irreversible Significant - trees are due to vegetation clearance and worker actions Island level; removed from a large area of land which fragments Long term the habitat of species Negative change thriving in the area.
Soil condition Contamination of soil from accidental spillage, Direct/negative; Reversible Insignificant – Impact can leakage of fuel, lubricants etc. during operation of Island level; be prevented if
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Impact area Potential impacts Nature/Distribution/Dur Reversibility Significance ation/Magnitude
equipment and machinery Short term construction and Negligible operations are carried out with precaution. Marine water Degradation of marine water quality; During Direct/negative; Reversible over time Significant - High placement of pen structure, high levels of suspended Project site; suspended solids level solids are expected to be generated increasing degrades the overall water Short term; turbidity level of the water column and reducing the quality and is a major overall water quality in the area. Negative change stressor on the marine ecology. Feeding sea cucumbers introduces nutrients into the water column, given daily tidal flushing in the area this nutrient loading is not expected to have a significant impact.
Wastewater disposal to the lagoon will result increase pollutants in the lagoon.
Marine Flora Loss of marine flora and fauna in direct foot print Direct/negative; Reversible Significant and Fauna the sea cucumber pens in the lagoon will be lost. Project site;
Long term; Decreasing water quality will induce stress on marine organisms in the area. Moderate negative change
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Impact area Potential impacts Nature/Distribution/Dur Reversibility Significance ation/Magnitude
Natural Hazard Loss of coastal vegetation; Loss of coastal Direct/negative; Reversible if Significant Risk and Safety vegetation will increase the vulnerability of the area Project site; revegetated. to natural hazards due to reduction of soil integrity. Long term; Negative Change
Health and safety Risks to health and safety; During the construction Direct/negative; Vary from easily Moderately Significant - risks to workers health and safety is increased, as Project site; reversible to Risks to health and safety chances of accidents are high. irreversible especially during Short term; construction stage is high In addition, during operations there are inherent risks Moderate negative change. to workers as some are carried out in the lagoon area.
Employment Income earning for opportunities for employees Direct/positive; NA Insignificant – Few short Atoll level; and long term employment opportunities during Short term; construction and Moderate positive change operation of the the hatchery.
Visual amenity As sea cucumber pens appear above the sea water Direct/negative; Reversible Insignificant – site is level, this may give rise of complaints from resident Island level; located away from of the island. residential area Medium term; Moderate negative
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7 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 Introduction
The preceding chapter has identified significant impacts to the environment upon and during the implementation of the above-mentioned project. This chapter aims to investigate details of those significant impacts. The major significant environmental impacts identified for this project include degradation of marine water quality, loss of marine flora and fauna, and health and safety risks. The chapter proposes appropriate mitigation measures in reducing the impact level.
7.2 Potential Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase and Suggested Mitigation Measures
7.2.1 Degradation of Marine Water
During setup of the sea cucumber grow-out pens, and overwater walkways in the lagoon large sediment plumes are anticipated. Similarly, installation of the intake and outfall pipeline will also contribute to increase in suspended solids in the water column.
Increased turbidity and suspended solids in the water column will reduce light available for organisms such as corals, seagrass that depends on sunlight for production of food. This will in- turn adversely impact marine life in the area.
Given that setup is in a thick seagrass bed and the overall duration of works are expected to last for a short period, sediment plumes generated are expected to subside over a short period. Nevertheless, measures are proposed here to mitigate spread of sediment plumes.
Measures to mitigate marine water degradation
Regular monitoring of the quality wastewater disposed into the lagoon. Sea cucumber grow out pen, and overwater structure setup must be undertaken during low tide hours, in calm weather conditions. Setup marker buoys to mark the site during construction activities, to ensure safe movement for vessels in the area. Construction activities must be restricted to the set boundaries and planned to be completed in the shortest time period possible.
No additional costs are anticipated to under these measures. It is estimated to cost MVR 5000.00 to purchase and setup buoys.
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7.2.2 Loss of lagoon bottom organisms and habitats
Approximately 1.9 ha area of the seagrass bed adjacent to the island will be directly affected during the setup of sea cucumber grow-out pens and walkway. Seagrass, seaweed and invertebrates that occur within this footprint will be lost during the site setup. Smaller fishes are likely to disperse away from the site and settle in nearby areas. Once the sea cucumber pens are setup this area will be closed off for other organisms, and regrowth of seagrass, seaweed and algae within the sea cucumber farm will be limited.
As stated earlier, increase in suspended solids in the water column during the site setup at the lagoon will result in an increase in suspended solids, and turbidity level in the water column. Study on the effects of suspended solids on a planktivores juvenile Damselfish species demonstrated that with prolonged exposure to high suspended sediment levels, fishes took significantly longer to find food, and consumed less food, which subsequently declined their growth and physiological condition, and increased their mortality rate (Wenger, Johansen, & Jones, 2012). In addition, gills of fishes may be clogged by sediment particles and sediment deposition may cover and suffocate eggs and larvae of benthic spawning fishes. Prolonged exposure to high sediment levels can lead to a decrease in fish immunity against parasites and diseases. As fishes can readily disperse, they are likely to relocate to nearby reefs if high sediment conditions persist.
Sediment control measures and ensuring that overwater works are completed within the shortest time period is key to minimize adverse impacts on marine life.
Mitigation measures to minimize loss of marine organisms and habitats.
Ensure all project activities are restricted to the necessary areas only. Ensure no turtles are within the area prior to the construction activities. Complete the construction works within shortest time period possible.
No additional costs are expected to undertake these measures.
7.2.3 Coastal Changes
Construction of the sea pens may reduce the sediment flow along the shoreline and result in changes to the islands coastline. As the sea pens are flow through the impact is not expected to be significant. However, as a precaution the following measures are proposed.
Mitigation measures to minimize coastal changes
Monitoring of the shoreline for changes (see Chapter 10)
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If significant changes are observed, the sea pens adjacent to the shoreline should be moved further away from the shoreline to allow more water and sediment movement.
Main costs would be to carry out monitoring works shown in Chapter 10.
7.2.4 Loss of Terrestrial Flora
Project is undertaken in an area previously used as agricultural plot, mainly to grow watermelon and banana trees. The site has been cleared to construct buildings, pathways and for pipeline installation.
However, vegetation clearance is still required to construct the remaining buildings (namely: Sea cucumber Grow-out Building-2, Processing Building, and Sea Cucumber Storage Building). It is estimated that approximately 6 coconut palms, and smaller shrubs that falls within this footprint will be cleared.
Mitigation measures to minimize loss of terrestrial flora
Before site clearance works clearly mark the vegetation that needs to be cleared. Limit the removal of scrubs and shrubs to the footprints of the buildings and pathways Clear green waste to prevent pest infestation All Coconut Palms that occurs within the vegetation clearance footprint should be replanted within the site. Potential areas for replanting are shown in the figure below.
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Figure 7.1: Coconut Palm relocation sites
No additional costs are anticipated to undertake the proposed measures to mitigate flora loss.
7.2.5 Risks to health and safety of construction workers
Health and safety risks arising from site setup, especially overwater works on lagoon is high. Thus, it is important to take measures to reduce these risks as some of these accidents can be devastating impacts on lives of individual workers.
Mitigation measures to reduce risks to health and safety of construction workers
Health checks prior to start of work On-site first aid kit Qualified person to properly instruct and supervise the work Evacuation facility in place all the time during construction The construction site should be properly closed so access to any unauthorized person. On site marine safety equipment such as buoy and devices and lifejackets.
Main cost will be initial investment in first aid kits, and health checks (cost estimate range for these (MRF 7500 - MRF 10,000).
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7.3 Potential Adverse Impacts during Operational Phase and Suggested Mitigation Measures
7.3.1 Marine Water Quality
It is estimated that over 500 tons of treated wastewater will be disposed to the lagoon from the sea cucumber hatchery. The treated wastewater will alter the biochemistry of the natural lagoon waters and consequently deteriorate the quality of marine life in the habitat including the thick seagrass bed in disposal zone. As the water flow in the proposed marine outfall location is reduced due to the sand bed stockpiled west of the site (previous channel dredging project) the impact on the marine environment may be further amplified.
To reduce this impact the following measures are proposed.
Additionally, the daily disposal of wastewater into the lagoon will deteriorate the quality of the lagoon habitat and consequently the marine life.
Measures to mitigate impact on marine environment
Ensure that the disposed wastewater quality is at acceptable standards (see Chapter 10). Extend the outfall pipe further out of the lagoon to improve dispersion (see Chapter 8).
7.3.2 Marine and Coastal Habitat
During the operation stage, the sea cucumber pens in the lagoon will be an altered artificial environment. As this state will be maintained throughout the hatchery operations, and obstructions will exist within this site, marine species will not be able to naturally habituate this area.
The species that reside in the coastal habitat where the hatchery will be constructed also experience the same negative impact.
7.3.3 Groundwater Quality
During operation of the system effluent may be released to the surrounding environment due to damages/blocks in pipes. Release of effluent will potentially cause soil and groundwater contamination and unpleasant odour. Health risks may be associated with contaminated groundwater. Hence, special attention needs to be given to regular monitoring and adequate maintenance of the outfall pipes and pumps to avoid such leakages.
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Measures to mitigate impact on groundwater
Regular inspection and maintenance of pumps and outfall and intake pipes Quarterly groundwater monitoring (see Chapter 10).
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8 ALTERNATIVES
8.1 “No-project” Alternative
The “No Project” alternative has been considered for the sea cucumber hatchery. The advantages and disadvantages of the No Project option are presented in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Summary of “No Project” Alternative
Options Advantages Disadvantages No Sea Limited impact on the island’s Major financial loss for the Cucumber vegetation, lagoon and reef proponent Hatchery at Kaashidhoo Loss of potential employment and business opportunity and income source for the residents of Kaashidhoo and nation.
Given the potential financial loss to the proponent, and potential loss of economic benefits to Kaashidhoo and the nation the no project option is discarded.
8.2 Alternative Wastewater Outfall location
The proposed wastewater disposal site is located between Kaashidhoo and the sand stockpiled from dredging works. As discussed in the Chapter 7 this would reduce dispersion rate of the wastewater. Hence the following alternative was explored to improve dispersal of wastewater.
a) Extend the outfall pipeline further into the lagoon (Figure 8.1).
Main advantage of installing the outfall pipeline is that it allows for quick dispersion of the wastewater, due to strong wave action and current movement.
On the other hand, the overall footprint of the outfall pipelines will be larger if the pipelines are extended, direct impact area will substantially increase. Increasing the cost of construction and also the maintenance of the pipeline.
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Figure 8.1: Alternative wastewater outfall location
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an important component of the EIA process, needed to determine the accuracy of impact prediction, the adequacy of mitigation measures, and level of compliance with commitments regarding implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring of relevant environmental aspects.
The main objectives of the environmental management plan are to:
Produce a framework for managing anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems for monitoring, reporting and implementing corrective actions. Provide evidence of compliance to legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements of relevant authorities.
9.1 Environmental management system
The environmental management framework for the proposed project is based on the standards and policies set out by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Maldives.
- Environmental Management Planning and establishment of key performance indicators: The EMP specifies environmental management measures and required performance standards - Monitoring and corrective action: The implementation of EMP measures will be monitored. Any inconsistencies between the EMP and its on-site implementation will be identified and addressed through corrective actions - Auditing, reviews and improvement: The EMP will be reviewed. Improvements to the EMP will be made as necessary to achieve desired environmental outcomes.
The environmental management strategy is demonstrated in Figure 9.1.
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Commitment to environmental regulations, policies and guidelines
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Implementation of EMP
Improvements to Corrective and EMP preventative actions Monitoring EMP
Review of EMP
Figure 9.1: Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram
9.2 Management structure and responsibilities
The following parties are involved in the EMP of this project:
Project proponent Environmental consultant Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The roles and responsibilities of the parties involved are as follows.
9.2.1 Project Proponent
Execution of all project activities Preparation of EMP
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Detailed designs of the project Monitoring of the project activities Submission of annual environmental monitoring reports as required by the EPA
9.2.2 Environmental Consultant
Preparation of EMP Monitoring of performance of project activities according to the EMP Auditing the EMP to ensure desired outcomes are achieved Making amendments to the EMP according to the results of the audits Preparation of environmental monitoring report as required by the EPA (detailed in Chapter 9 of this report)
9.2.3 Environmental Protection Agency
Review environmental monitoring report Intervention in the event of a breach in environmental permit conditions
9.2.4 Other Parties
Kaashidhoo Island Council Kaafu Atoll Council
9.3 Non-Conformances and Corrective Action
All non-conformances to the environmental permit conditions, observed during monitoring will be documented. Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions will be identified
Corrective actions will be implemented, with systematic follow-ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures.
9.4 Reporting requirements
Reporting shall be undertaken to provide evidence of the ongoing implementation of the EMP and will cover any training activities, site conditions and operations, monitoring data, details of non-conformances, incidents, complaints and follow up action, results of audits and reviews. Reporting shall be undertaken by the project proponent and the Environmental Consultant.
The environmental reporting process is summarized in the figure 9.2. All non-compliances and complaints during the execution of the project are to be reported to the EPA. The environmental management plan for execution of the project is provided in table 9.1.
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Environmental Protection Agency Project proponent Environmental consultant
Issues raised from periodic review Training of personnel Training of personnel of project Environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring Recording of complaints Recording of incidents audits Recording of complaints and Review of EMP follow up actions Review of EMP
Preparation of draft environmental report
Submission of report Annual environmental monitoring report finalized
Figure 9.2: Environmental Reporting Process
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Table 9.1: Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase
Activity Management measures Responsible party Timing
Training of staff and All construction workers and project management staff will be Project proponent & Before contractors provided information on general environmental issues, commencement of compliance with environmental permits and EMP. Environmental construction Consultant activities. All staff involved with environmental monitoring will be provided training in environmental monitoring procedures.
Documenting non- All non-conformances to the environmental permit conditions, Project proponent & Continuous during conformances and corrective observed during monitoring will be documented. construction phase actions Environmental Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions will be consultant identified
Corrective actions will be implemented, with systematic follow ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures
Control of water Oil, solid waste and hazardous waste handled carefully and Project proponent Continuous during contamination transported in sealed containers. construction phase
All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals used on site stored in a secure and bounded location.
Littering and accidental disposal of construction wastes avoided by preplanning.
All raw materials stored away from the vicinity of the coastal areas.
General refuse stockpiled in one central area.
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Activity Management measures Responsible party Timing
Construction activities carried out under the supervision of an experienced person.
Regular visual inspection of surrounding marine environment for waste
Waste management All waste segregated, stored temporarily and transferred to the Project proponent Continuous, during existing waste management site and domestic sewage generated construction phase (Waste generated from will be dealt through septic tanks, once the sewerage network is construction activities, the established on the island it should be connected to the network. construction workforce will generate domestic and sewage waste)
Supervision of project Assign suitably experienced and qualified personnel to supervise Project proponent Before activities the entire project and ensure that all activities are carried out with commencement of minimal adverse impact on the environment the project
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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
10.1 Introduction
While the negative environmental impacts of the project can be significantly minimised if proper mitigation measures are taken, as identified in Chapter 6, the potential for unforeseen impacts still exists. Furthermore, some of the predicted impacts may turn out to have greater significance than predicted, making the suggested mitigation measures ineffective. Therefore, frequent and regular monitoring of the relevant environmental aspects is a vital component of environment management. This chapter outlines the environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project.
10.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan
The main objectives of the monitoring plan are:
To identify whether the predicted impacts are accurate and mitigation measures taken are effective To identify any unforeseen impacts so that appropriate mitigation measures can be taken at the earliest To identify and resolve any issues of social unrest at the earliest To eliminate or reduce environmental costs
10.3 Aspects of the Monitoring Plan
Error! Reference source not found. below summarizes the key aspects of the monitoring plan. The Table indicates the methodology, frequency and estimated cost for each monitoring attribute that will be required for the proposed project.
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Table 10.1: Environmental monitoring plan
Monitoring Locations and Estimated Cost Indicator Methodology Frequency Attribute samples (USD) Record and log the Number of coconut number of coconut Coconut Palms Project site During construction phase NA palms relocated palms removed and replanted Parameters; pH, Salinity, Nitrate, Nitrite, SW1, SW2 and SW3, Once upon completion of Nitrogen Ammonia, One sample from each construction works. US$195 per survey Marine Water Onsite testing / Sulphate, Phosphate, site at 1 m depth or at Quality Laboratory analysis Dissolved Oxygen, shallower areas from Monthly during the operation US$2340 per year Biological Oxygen mid-water depth period. Demand Conductivity, Salinity, Once upon completion of Temperature, Total construction works. US$ 65 per survey Groundwater Onsite testing / Dissolved Solids, GW1 quality Laboratory analysis Turbidity, and Total Monthly during the operation US$ 780 per year Petroleum Hydrocarbon period Feacal Coliform, E. Coli, pH, Total Suspended Solids, Residual Chlorine, US$ 100 per survey Conductivity, Nitrogen Onsite testing / Treated wastewater Bi-monthly during operation Wastewater quality Ammonia, Phosphate, Laboratory analysis sample phase US$ 2400 per year Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand Bi-annually for one year after installation of sea pens at the Erosion and Coastal Beach line (at high tide D-GPS tracks along lagoon. Whole island US$1230 per survey Changes & low tide) the beach
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All area where oil is Daily for the duration of the Oil spills Visual observation N/A handled project Marine water Maintenance and All area where oil is contamination Oil leakage from Weekly for the duration of the tuning of all handled N/A machinery or vessels project machinery & vessels Excavated area Percent of live coral Line transect survey; cover, and fish species Transect sites T1 and Annually during operation Coral reef health Fish census US$435 per survey abundance and T2 phase of project. Manta tow survey composition
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10.4 Monitoring Report
Based on the data collected, a detailed monitoring report will be compiled annually and submitted to the relevant government authorities for compliance. The report will include methodologies and protocols followed for data collection and analysis, quality control measures and indicate the uncertainties.
The report will be based on the suggested monitoring attributes in this monitoring plan and that of the decision statement issued by the EPA.
10.5 Commitment for Monitoring
Environmental monitoring is estimated to cost USD 9000 during the first year, and USD 6000 in subsequent years of operations. The proponent is fully committed to undertake the monitoring program outlined in this Chapter (Appendix H).
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11 CONCLUSIONS
The most significant adverse impacts arising from this project are:
1. Loss of coconut palms during site clearance and construction of buildings. To mitigate this loss all coconut palms have to be marked and relocated prior to construction of the buildings. 2. Loss of seagrass and sedentary marine life within the footprint of the marine structures is another significant impact of the project. To mitigate this impact the following measures will be followed during the construction: demarcating the site, restricting work to low- tide hours and calm sea condition, and also completing the works in the shortest time period possible.
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Yan, J, Shaig, A & Aslam, M 2008b, Natural Hazard and Physical Vulnerability Assessment Report, Ministry of Planning and National Development (MPND), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Male', Maldives
Young, IR 1999, 'Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate', International Journal of Climatology, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 931–50.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|107 EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX A – Terms of Reference
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|108 --a- ,P'art J D, Environmertal hotection Agency EP[
No: 203-ElARES/PRlVl20t 9/976
Terms of Reference for Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed Sea Cucumber Hatchery Facility at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
Th€ fouowing is the Terms of Reference (ToR) following th€ scoping meeting held on the 23d Octob€r 2019 for undedaking the f,IA for the Proposed Sea Cucumber Hltchery !t Ksrshidhoo, Karfu Atoll. The Proponent of the Project is Lhrviyani Holdings Privrte Limit€d.. The EIA consultanl of the project is Mr. Mohamcd Feir.o (EIA P02t2OtA\.
While every attempt has teen made lo ensure that this ToR address€s all oflhe major issues associated with development proposal, they are nol necessaily exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be signiGcrnt but not incorporated in them, or matters curendy unforeseerL thar emerge as imponant or significan! from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of prepamlion ofthe EIA repon. l. I ntroduction , nd rationrl€ - D€scribe the purpose of the projecr and, if applicable, lhe background informalion ofrhe proje€ractivity and the tasks already completed. Objectives ofthe development activities should be specific and ifpossible quantified. Defin€ th€ arrangements required for the environmental ass€ssmeni including how work carried out under this contract is linked ao olher activities that are cari€d oul or thar is being carried out within the project boundary. Id€nlify the donors and th€ institulional arrangements relevant to this pro.iect. .
2. llggfjlgg - Submit a minimum A3 size scaled plan with indi€ations ofall lhe proposed infrastructur€s. Specify the agreed boundaries ofthe study area for th€ environmental impacl asscssmenl highlighting the propos€d development location and size. Tte study area should include adjacent or remote areas, such as relevant developments and nearby environmentally sensitive sites (e.9. coral reei sea erass. mangroves, marine protected areas, special birds site, sensitive speci€s nurs€ry and feeding grounds). Relevanl developments in the areas must also b€ addressed.
3. Segpgjlllgl& ldentiry and numb€r task ofthe projecr including prepararion, consrruction and decommissionins phases. T.sl l. Description ofthe proposcd proj€ct - Provide a tull descnpdon and justification ofthe relevant pans ofthe sea cucumber farming project, using naps at apprcpriale s{ales where necessary. fte following should be provided (all inpu$ and outputs related to the proposed acrivities shall be juslified): . Area and boundary demarcated as mariculture area . Size and depth ofpropos€d arEa for excavation . Location and purpose ofthe area for disposal ofexcavated material; . Design and melhod ofconsruction ofhatchery facililies . Projeci inputs and their source . Project outputs and its mrrnagement . Methods to protect the grow-out site . Harvest and processing ofs€a cucumbers
The noin activities of the Aei99! arc: . Establishment ofhatchery facilities (land and marine areas) . Cultue of sea cucumbers . Maintenance . Harvesting sea cucumbers
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Each project component should b€ described in detail and should provide project schedule. all projecl inputs and outputs and emergcncy plan. The report should describe how the wasle genemted from the project will be managed.
Details of mobilization
Task 2. D€scription of th€ .nvironm€trt Assemble. evaluate and present lhe €nvironmental baseline study/data regarding rhe study area and timing of the project (e.9. monsoon season). Identiry baseline data gaps and id€ntiry studies and the level ofdetail to be cari€d out by consuhant. Consideration of likely monitoring reouirements should be bome in mind durins survev plannine. so that data colleded is suitable for us€ as a bas€line. As such all baseline dala mral be prcsented in such a way that they will be usefully applied to future monitoring- The reporr should oulline detailed methodology of data collection ulilized.
All data must be collected as p€r the reouirements of the EPA Data Collection Guideline (published on www.coa.ro!.rnvtr the remn should ourline delailed methodolosv ofdata colleclion ulilized.
The bas€line dara will be collected befor€ construction and from a! lea$ lwo benchma*s. All survey locations shall be referenced with Ceographic Positioning System (GPS) including waler sampling points, reef transects, sites for posterior data comparison. Information should be divided into the c.tegories shown below:
Climatc . Tompcrarurc, rainfall, wind and waves,
Geoloqv and gcomomholosv . Of8horc/coastal gcolos/ and g€omorpholos/ (usc maps); . Characteristics of seab€d s.diments to assess dir.c! habitat &uctiod and turtidity impacls during consEuclion; Hvdrocrabhvnrv&odvnamics (us€ naos) . Tidal rangEs aod tidal cur€nls; . Wave climatc and wav€ induced curents; . wind inducrd (se-&sonal) cunents; . S€a water quality measuring thcs€ p.rameters: t€mpentur€, pH, salinity, phospbate, niEatc, nilitr, ammoni4 sulphate, Dissolved Orygen, Total Colifom and Biological Oxygen Demand. (*atet quality should b€ hken from st lesst onc conEol point.
Ecolosv . Idendry marine Eotccted ar..s (MPAS) and s€rlsitive sitcs such as be€ding or durscry gtounds for p.olecled or endlngered sp€ci.s (e.g. coral reefs, spa\*ling fish sitcs, nureries for cru3tsceans or specific siles for marine mamnals, shd*s snd tutles). lnclud€ des.ription of codn€rcial spccies, spccics wilh pote.lial to bccome nuisances or v€ctor. . Baseline quantitativc studies for coral covcr, fish lif€, illveIteblates and mffine megafama (turtlc, rays, shark etc) fiom thrEe localions (iDcluding project locrtion and 02 control sites). . Land!&pe int€grity, and . cmund watcr quality parametcE including tcnpcfatule, pH, conductivity, ffbidity, Tolal Pctroleum Hydroc$bon ad Tolal Dissolved Solids (mS) (one samplc fi'om the land facilities arca and fitm one control sile);
Hazard rulnerabilitv: . Vulnerability ofarea to storm surges.
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Abs€nce of facilities in the counFy to carry out the water quality tesls will not exempt the prcponent ftom the obligalion to provide necessary dala. The report should outline the detailed methodology of data collection utilized to des.ribe the existing en vironment.
Trsk 3. l,c8islrtive rnd r€gulotory coNid€rstiom Idendry the petineot legislalion, regulations and standaids, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identiry the appropriate authorily jurisdictions that will specifically apply to lhe project.
Trsk 4. Potenti.l imp.ct! (environmcntsl snd .ocic.ultural) of propos€d project, incl. ,ll sttges The EIA repon should idendry all lhe impacts, direct and indirecl, during and after construction, and evaluate ihe magnitude and significaice ofeach- Panicular anention shall bc given to impacls associsted with lhe followinS:
Impacts on the natural environment . Sediment disp€rsal in *arer column (turbidity) possibly resulting id changes in visibihy, including likely impacls to b€nthic communities and in the vicinity ofthe work arca; . Changes to the nearshore hydrod),namics due to excavalion of nea$hore environm€nt including short and longer term effects on shoreline . Irss ofmarine bottom habitat, both in the bonow area as well as duc to enlargcment ofthe islands, resulting in (temporary) Ioss ofboflom life, which may impac! fish stocks and species diversity and density ofcrabs, shellfish etc.i
. Sediment dispersal in warer column (turbidity at the dredginS site (overflow) and related to shore protction activities), possibly resulting in changes in visibiliry, smothering ofcoralreefs and b€nthic communides and affecting fish and shellfish etc.; lmnmrs on rhe socic,€conomic environment . Impacts ofthe works in fishing activities (disturbance); . Impacts on employment and income, potential for local people to have (temporary) job opportunities (and whal kind) in the execution ofthe works; construct,on 6nd ooemtion related hazards and risks . Pollution ofthe natural environment . Rhk ofaccidents and pollulion on workers, and . Level ofprotection against hazards like sea level rise, storm surges, elc
The merhods used to identiry th€ significance ofthe impacrs shall be outlined. One or more oflhe following methods must b€ utilized in determining impacBa checklisrs, matrices. overlays, networks, expe( systems and professional judgnent. Juslification must be provided to th€ selecied methodologies. The repon should outlin€ $e uncertainties in impact prediction and also outiine att positiv€ and negative/short and long-term impacts. ldentiry impacts thal are cumulalive and unavoidable.
Trsk 5. Att€rnrtives to proposed project Describe altematives includin.tte no oction optior " should be Presenred. Det€rmine the besr practical en;ironmental opiions. Alt€matives examined for the proposed project that would achieve- lhe same objective including rhe -no acrion altemarive". This should include bul not limiled lo ahemative methods of ,"u culture, altemative material or desig, for nursery consruction. All ahematives must be compared according"r"u.b". lo intemational standards and commonly accepted standards as much as possible The comParison should yield ftJpreferred altemative for implementalion. Miligation options should b€ specified for each component ofthe proposed project.
Tssk 6. Mitigrtion and mansgemc[t of negrtive impscts ldentiry possible m€asurcs to prevent or reduc€ significant negative-impacts to accep;ble levels. These will include borh environmental and socio-economic mitigation measures.
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MeasLres for both construction and op€ralion phase shall b€ identified. Cost the mitigation measures, equipment and resources requircd to implement those measures. The confirmation ofcommitment ofthe developer lo implement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental management plan for the proposed projecl. identirying responsible persons. their duties and commitments shall also be given. In cases where impacts are unavoidable arrangements to compensate for the environmental effect shallbe given.
Task 7. Development of monito ng phn - ldentify the critical issues requiriog moniloring to ensure compliance ro mitigation measures and present impact management and mooitoring plan. Id€ntiry the critical issues rcqurring monironng lo ensure compliance lo mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for rhe proposed works. Detail ofthe moniloring progam including the physical and biological parameteG for monitoring, cosr commirmenl from responsible person to conduct monitoring in the form of a commitnent letler. delailed reponing scheduling, costs and methods of undertaking the moniioring program rnusl be provided-
Task E. Slrkcholder consultrtion, Int€r-Agency coordinrtion ,Dd ptblic/Nco psrticipstion) ldenrify appropriate mechanisms for providing information on the developnent proposal and its progress to all strkeholders. govemmenl aulhorities. NGOS, engineers/designers. development managen, sraff and members of the general public. The EtA report should includ€ a list of p€ople/groups consulted and summary of the major oulcomes. The following parties need to b€ consuhed and their outcomes presented:
l. Afected public (repo( should idcndry the melhodolory used to identiry the affected public, th. sampling method rnd measwEs takcn to all differen! represenrative views are incorpo6ted). 2. K. Kaashidhoo Island Council 3. K.Atoll Council 4. Ministry ofFisheries, Marine Resowres and AgriculturE 5. Maldives Marine Res&rch lnstitute 6. Health Prcre.tion Agency 7. Maldives Food and Drug Authority 8. Maldives trDd and Survey Authority
All stol.hohler consuaa ons aeed to bc un.lcrlaken ln pfison md consaltarlon meetine itut.s need ,o be arrnelerl
pith Note: dbcussions the oltrciah ol Minittrr of Firheries, Marirre Resolrce, an.l Agticlhure in the scoptng eeting can bc i,cluded in the rcpo.t.
Pres€trt lion- The environmental impacl assessmenr report, to be presenred in digital forma! will be concis€ and focus on siSnificanl €nvironmenlal issues. Il will contain the findings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries oflhe data collecled and cilations for any references used h interpreting those data. The environmenlal asses;ment reporl will b€ organized according to, but not necessarily limited by. the outline given in lhe Environmenrat ImF,act Assessmenl Regulations, 2012 and relevant amendmenls.
Timefrrne for submittinq th€ EIA reporl The developer must submit thc complered EIA repon \rirhin 6 months lrom lhe dare ofthis Term ofReference. IrJ-*-_-+
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APPENDIX B – Site Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|109
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX C – Approvals
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|110
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX D – Survey Locations Map
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|111 73°26'15"E 73°26'40"E 73°27'5"E 73°27'30"E 73°27'55"E 73°28'20"E N N " " 0 0 2 2 ' ' 8 8 5 5 ° ° 4 4 Legend
#0 Ground Water Samples A! Currents .! Marine Water Samples Beach Profiles Marine Transects N N " " 5 5 5 5 ' '
7 7 ! ! ! 5 5 ° °
4 4 Timed Swims Vegetation line Lagoon Reef Reef Outline N N " " 0 0 3 3 ' ' 7 7 5 5 ° ° 4 4 T1 TS1 SW1 #0 TS2 SW2 .! .!A! ! GW2 ! ! ! ! A! ! ! µ ! A.! T2 TS3 SW3 #0 GW1 N N " " 5 5 ' ' 7 7 5 5 ° ° 4 4
Kilometers 0 55110 220 330 440
Kaashidhoo Island North Male' Atoll Survey Locations PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; VERTICAL DATUM: Hulhule Tide Gauge All features based on GPS Surveys: 2017 Map version: 12/8/2019 73°26'15"E 73°26'40"E 73°27'5"E 73°27'30"E 73°27'55"E 73°28'20"E Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Consulting, Maldives EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX E – Water Quality Results
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|112
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX F – Stakeholder Consultation Attendance
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|113
List of Public members consulted
No Name Address Gender Age 1 Aishath Shifana Alun Thila F 35-44 2 Hussain Ibrahim Alunthila M 55-64 3 Ziyaadhaa Ali Araakuri F 45-54 4 Mohamed Nasheed Bageechaage M 55-64 5 Shaahidhaa Shakeeb Ceylinco F 25-34 6 Moosa Saamy Farudheege M 18-24 7 Fehi Fathimath Hamna F Maurevi 18-24 8 Ali Shareef Green Villa M 25-34 9 Mohamed Shareef Green Villa M 35-44 10 Ali Fareedh Gumreege M 25-34 11 Fathimath Ziya Himithi F 18-24 12 Zoona Ahmed Kagi F 35-44 13 Shiyah Zahid Kasthoor M 25-34 14 Mohamed Ismail Mars M 45-54 15 Ahnaf Mohamed Meenaaz M 18-24 16 Abdhullah Mufeedh Muraka M 45-54 17 Mohamed Waheed Nafaa M 25-34 18 Mohamed Naiz Nelivaru M 25-34 19 Mohamed Ibrahim Ran Faru M 65-74 20 Mohamed Arusham Rose Meed M 18-24 21 Mohamed Shazly Saadhaage M 18-24
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX G – CV’s of Consultants
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|114 Aminath Inan Abdul Muhsin Ma. Maaveyoge, Maaveyo Magu, Male’, Maldives Mobile: +960 9807190 Email:[email protected]
1. EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC ______
Tertiary
Bachelor of Science (Environmental Science) Feb 2012 – Dec 2014 (Australia) - University of Western Sydney - GPA (5.52 out of 7.00) - Final Year Research: Investigating carotenoid regulatory pathways using a suppressor mutant screen Supervisor: Dr. Chris Cazzonelli, Senior Lecturer, Hawkesbury Institute of Environment - Majors: General Biology, Conservation Biology, Zoology, Climate Change
Higher Secondary
Edexcel Advanced Level Certificate (GCE A’ Levels) June 2007-June 2009 (Maldives) - At Centre for Higher Secondary Education (CHSE) Maldives. - Subjects: Mathematics (Mechanics), Chemistry, Physics.
Secondary
University of Cambridge Ordinary Level Certificate (GCE O’ Levels) Feb 2004-Nov 2006 (Maldives) - At Aminiyya School Maldives. - Subjects: Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology. Computer Science - Awards
Other Qualifications
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) January 2017(Australia) - Academic - Overall Band score (7.5). - Listening (8.5), Reading (7.5), Writing (6.0), Speaking (7.5).
2. AWARDS
2012 – Australian Awards Scholar 2013 – Golden Key International Honor Society Membership 2006 – National Top Ten Cambridge GCE O’ Level
3. COURSE RELATED WORK EXPERIENCE ______
Position : Sustainability Consultant (Permanent) November 2017 – till date Employer : CDE Consulting
Responsibilities: - Produce Scientific reports in the form of Environmental Impact Assessments, Environmental Monitoring and Environmental Audit Reports. - Terrestrial, aquatic and physical geology research to improve reporting. - Conduct environmental field surveys and collect scientific data. - Conduct Public and stakeholder consultations - Advise engineers and contractors on the environmental engineering solutions to minimize impact. - Analyze results from terrestrial surveys, spatial surveys, water testing, and noise quality and air quality surveys
Position : Project Staff (Contract Staff) Feb 2017- October 2017 Employer : Maldives Integrated Tourism Development Corporation (Government) (as a Tekton Private Limited Consultancy) Department : Engineering Department Project : Baresdhoo Integrated Tourism Development Project
Responsibilities: - Researched environmental factors such as soil, terrestrial ecosystem, groundwater and advised engineers and architects on how to minimize the environmental impact on the Baresdhoo Integrated Tourism Project - Prepare environmental baseline assessments and monitoring plans based on research. - Assistance with environmental authorization and approvals, - Planning environmental management procedures to reduce terrestrial and marine impact on Baresdhoo Island.
Position : Structural Advisor and Consultant April 2015 – January 2017 Employer : Ministry of Environment and Energy Department : Environment Department Project : Maldives as a Biosphere Reserve
Responsibilities: Creating a spatial map identifying the resource users and biodiversity of the proposed Biosphere Reserve - Coordinated with IUCN Marine Project, Marine Research Centre and Blue Marine Foundation to conduct ecological surveys to collect biodiversity data. - Managed and supervised interns who were collecting data from scientific papers and reports. - Day-to- day with communications with project partners who were were providing data for the Biosphere Reserve application (Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture), IUCN marine projects, Blue Marine Foundation - Organized steering discussions between Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, Ministry of Tourism to identify the data in other authorities and identify the policy issues with creating a Biosphere Reserve in Maldives. Conducting environmental awareness sessions to resource users on Biosphere Reserves and advise on how to increase environmental benefits through a sustainable biosphere reserve.
4. GENERAL WORK EXPERIENCE ______
Position : Part time lecturer (Short-term/Paid) October 2014 - January 2015 (Maldives) Employer : Mandhu College Subject : Environmental and Social Education Level : Undergraduate (Bachelor of Teaching)
Position : Part time lecturer (Short-term/Paid) August – December 2016 (Maldives) Employer : Maldives National University Subject : Biostatistics Level : Undergraduate (Bachelor of Primary Health Care)
Position : Translator (Short-term/Paid) January - February 2012 (Australia) Employer : SBS TV - SBS Dateline Report for the Maldivian Military Coup.
Position : Administrative Officer April 2010 – December 2012 (Maldives) Employer : Judicial Service Commission General Administrative Duties, Front Desk Management - Staff Health Insurance Manager - Managed the Judge’s Complaint Committee meetings
Data enumerator (Short-term/Paid) December 2009 (Maldives) Employer : Maldives Monetary Authority - Maldivians Travelling Abroad Survey - Team coordinator.
5. KEY SKILLS ______
General Scientific Skills - Scientific Literacy and Scientific Paper Writing - Applying the Scientific Method for Research. - Preparing materials for experimentation and sample collection - Laboratory Equipment Usage. - Field and Laboratory Testing and Experimentation - Data analysis from field data, - Conducting ecological research studies, aquatic analysis. Plant Molecular Biology and Crop Technology Research - Studying the environmental factors affecting commercial crop production - Laboratory Skills and Equipment in a Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory. - Literature Research on Plant Molecular Biology - Scientific Paper Writing on Plant Epigenetics. Marine Research Skills - Open Water Diver - IUCN Coral reef ecology apprenticeship (February 2015) : Assisted the Korallian Lab Scientific officers in their research and conducted a pilot research project - Managing Marine data collection for Maldives as a Biosphere Project. Languages - English (IELTS 7.5 Overall score) - Dhivehi (Mother Tongue) - Maldivian Sign Language
6. MEMBERSHIPS AND CONFERENCES ATTENDED ______
Conferences
- AWMS – Australian Wildlife Management Society Annual – Participant | Brisbane 2014 - Cities of Future Earth – Participant – Canberra 2014 - Laamu Climate Forum – Speaker – Laamu Atoll 2015 - Tourism Industry Forum – Speaker – Male’ 2016 - Maldives Marine Symposium – Official – Male’ 2016 - National Student’s Environmental Symposium – Ministry Representative | Male’ 2015
Memberships
- Member of Australian Aid Alumni Association - Member of the Golden Key International Honour Society
6. VOLUNTEER WORK AND LEADERSHIP ______
Current Volunteer - At Villijoali, an initiative by Maldivian Red Crescent, Villimale’ unit that serves as a community engagement tool. - Lead volunteer of the Environmental component of Villijoali, which focuses on empowerment of marginalized and vulnerable people to increase their voices on the environmental aspects. - MRC Volunteer Representative coordinating with ENDEVOUR NGO to conduct a research on littering behavior.
Fundraised for the Cancer Council NSW - Fundraised on Daffodil Day in 2013 and 2014 by selling merchandise
Volunteered in Hawkesbury Institute of Environment ) - Volunteered in HIE in Horticulture research work in HIE Greenhouses.
Volunteered for Ministry of Environment and Energy - World Environment Day Event Volunteer and stall managerment 2015,2016,2017 - Volunteer for the NGO Hope for Women - Volunteered in One Billion Rising Event 2017
Leadership during Employment Managed and Fundraised for the Ministry of Environment and Energy Football Team 2016
School Leadershop ) - Active member of the Environment Club 2006 - 2008. - Member of the English Literary Association 2004 - 2008 - Basket Ball Competition Player 2007 - Football Competition Team Captian and Player. 2007 - Managed a stall in Environ Science Fair 2008. - Deputy House Captain 2003
7. REFEREES ______
PROFESSIONAL REFEREES
Mohamed Hamzeel Director Business Development and Marketing Maldives Integrated Tourism Development Cooperation [email protected]
Dr. Abdulla Naseer PhD (former supervisor at Ministry of Environment and Energy) Senior Lecturer Faculty of Engineering, Science & Technology The Maldives National University [email protected]
Mr. Abdulla Mohamed Didi (former supervisor at Ministry of Environment and Energy) Chairman Crowe Howarth Maldives [email protected]
Muaviyath Abdul Sattar (former supervisor at Maldives Integrated Tourism Development Corporation) Senior Engineer Riyan Private Limited [email protected]
ACADEMIC REFEREES
Dr. Chris Cazonelli Senior Lecturer Epigenetics Laboratory, Hawkesbury Institute of Environment. Western Sydney University [email protected]
Mohamed Faizan
WORK ADDRESS
Address: H. Orchidmaage, 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, 20095, Malé, Maldives Email: [email protected] Tel: +960-3312514
EDUCATION
University of Malaya (Malaysia) Master of Technology (Environmental Management) August 2012 – October 2014
International Islamic University Malaysia (Malaysia) Bachelor of Biotechnology (Honors) July 2006 – June 2010
Centre for Higher Secondary Education (Maldives) GCE Advanced Level Certificate June 2002 – June 2004 Subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics Higher Secondary Education Certificate Subjects: Dhivehi, Islam
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
CDE Consulting (Maldives) Senior Environmental Consultant July 2014 – Present Key Roles & Plan, organize and undertake Responsibilities: environmental baseline assessments, environmental impact assessments and environmental monitoring programs Supervisors: Dr. Ahmed Shaig, Director, Environmental Services Email: [email protected]
Mohamed Faizan Page 1 of 9 CDE Consulting (Maldives) Environmental Consultant June 2010– July 2012 Key Roles & Assist in preparation of Responsibilities: Environmental Impact Assessment reports; undertake environmental baseline surveys and monitoring. Supervisors: Dr. Ahmed Shaig, Director, Environmental Services Email: [email protected]
Integrated Climate Change Strategy (Project funded by UNDP/GEF, and implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives) Project Assistant February 2005– April 2006 Key Roles & Assist project manager in organizing Responsibilities: workshops and field visits related to the projects. Assist in financial management and reporting for the project. Prepare monthly newsletter to update all stakeholders on project activities. Helped in development of climate change awareness materials. Supervisors: - Dr. Mizna Mohamed, Former ICCS Project Manager Email: [email protected] - Ms. Lubna Moosa, Former ICCS Project Manager Email: [email protected]
CONSULTANCY EXPERIENCE
Client: Vita Heights Company Limited Title: Environmental Monitoring for the dredging and resort May 2017 - ongoing development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate environmental monitoring surveys
- Seawater quality, sedimentation, and coral reef assessments
- Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Mohamed Faizan Page 2 of 9 Client: Vita Heights Company Limited Title: EIA for the proposed dredging component of the resort April 2017 development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment
Client: Fushifaru Investments Private Limited Title: First Addendum to the EIA prepared for the proposed March 2017 resort development in Fushifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Contributions: - Marine baseline environment assessment, and impact assessment
Client: Ministry of Environment and Energy Title: EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Rasdhoo March 2017 Alif Alif Atoll Contributions: - Marine baseline environment assessment
Client: Nakachaa Huraa Development Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort March 2017 development project at Nakachaa Huraa, North Male’ Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment
Client: Ithaafushi Investments Private Limited Title: Second Addendum to the EIA prepared for the proposed February 2017 land reclamation and resort development in Ithaafushi Reef, South Malé Atoll Contributions: - Assessment of the marine environment and environmental impacts of the project.
Mohamed Faizan Page 3 of 9 Client: KASA Holdings Pvt Ltd Title: Meeru Island Resort and Spa, Coral Gardening Project January 2017 - Ongoing Contributions: - Design coral gardening project. - Preparation of Environmental Management Plan for the project - Monitoring and reporting
Client: Dredging International Services (Cyprus) Ltd Title: Construction phase environmental monitoring for the January 2017 - Ongoing Emboodoofinolhu Falhu Resort Development Project Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate Environmental monitoring schedule, and activities. - Seawater quality, sedimentation, and coral reef assessments - Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Client: Mesa RF Private Limited Title: First Addendum to the EIA for the proposed January 2017 Rahfalhuhuraa Resort Development Project At Mai Falhu, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment and compile EIA report
Client: Vita Heights Company Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort October 2016 development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate environmental baseline surveys. - Undertake coral reef assessment - Impacts assessment for of EIA report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 4 of 9 Title: Construction phase environmental monitoring for the May 2016 - Ongoing China-Maldives Friendship Bridge Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate Environmental monitoring schedule, and activities. - Undertake coral reef monitoring - Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Client: Ooredoo Maldives Title: EIA for the proposed Nationwide Submarine Cable by May 2016 Ooredoo Maldives Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report and impacts section of EIA report.
Client: MESA RF Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed Rahfalhuhuraa Resort April 2016 Development Project, at Maifalhu, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Big Stone Investment Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort April 2016 development project in Maagaa North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Ocean Islands Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort April 2016 development project in Maagaa North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Champalars Holdings Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed tourist resort development at December 2015 Kudadhoo Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 5 of 9
Client: Maldives Inflight Catering Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed tourist resort development at December 2015 Madifushi Island, Meemu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Title: EIA for the proposed Malé – Hulhulé Bridge July 2015 Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Nasandhura Palace Hotel Investments Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed redevelopment of Nasandhura June 2015 Palace Hotel Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Shuaz Investment Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed resort development in Madivaru, May 2015 Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report.
Client: Velaa Private Island Title: EIA for the proposed coral rejuvenation project at Velaa March 2015 Private Island Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessment surveys, including stakeholder consultations. Prepared and complied the EIA report.
Client: Shangri-La’s Villingili Resort and Spa Title: Coral gardening project Shangri-la’s Villingili Resort and February 2015 Spa Contributions: Undertook baseline coral reef assessment of Shangri-La’s reef. Designed the coral gardening programme. Undertook the EIA for the coral gardening programme.
Mohamed Faizan Page 6 of 9
Client: Malé Water and Sewerage Company Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed sewerage system project at April 2014 Kanditheem, Shaviyani Atoll Contributions: Marine environment assessment and section for EIA report
Client: Holiday Inn Resort Kandooma Maldives Title: EIA for the proposed beach replenishment project in April 2014 Holiday Inn Resort Kandooma, South Malé Atoll Contributions: Marine environment assessment and section for EIA report
Client: Mr. Ibrahim Shazyl, Venture Maldives Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed sewerage system Maduvvari, Raa February 2012 Atoll Contributions: Undertook the baseline assessment surveys, including stakeholder consultations. Prepared and complied the EIA report
Client: Mr. Ismail Shafeeu, Static Company Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed installation and operation of January 2012 desalination plant at Hithaadhoo, Baa Atoll Contributions: Preparation and compilation of EIA report
Client: Tatva Global Renewable Energy (Maldives) Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed Solid Waste Management facility at December 2011 Thilafushi Contributions: Undertook marine baseline surveys, and prepared the marine assessment section for the EIA report. Complied the overall EIA report
Client: Bonnavvista (Maldives) Private Limited Singapore Title: EIA for the development of a domestic airport on October 2011 Koodoo, GA Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the Existing Environment chapter for the EIA report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 7 of 9 Client: Ministry of Housing and Environment Title: EIA for the proposed harbor entrance channel dredging August 2011 project in Bodufolhudhoo Island, North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the Existing Environment chapter for the EIA report and complied the overall EIA report
Client: Mr. Hussain Afeef Title: EIA for the proposed redevelopment Phase I of July 2011 Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the marine environment section for the EIA report
Client: Ministry of Housing and Environment Title: EIA for the proposed reconstruction of Shaviyani March 2011 Foakaidhoo Harbour Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the marine environment section for the EIA report
Client: Department of National Planning Title: Household Income and Expenditure Survey for March 2011 Foreigners Contributions: Lead and organized the survey for 82 households in Malé
Client: Works Corporation Limited Title: EIA for the sewerage system development in N. September 2010 Miladhoo Contributions: Undertook baseline surveys, and prepared the marine environment section
Mohamed Faizan Page 8 of 9 KEY WORKSHOPS, AND TRAININGS ATTENDED
Coral Database Training, organized by Lim Geomatics, Malé, Maldives November 2013
Workshop on Training and Capacity Building in Coral Reef Monitoring May 2012 Identifying Indicators for Regional Adaptation and Resilience, Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka
PADI Open Water Dive Certification, Malé, Maldives July 2009
South Asia MCPA Managers Training Course June 2008
Regional Workshop on Climate Change Negotiations in South and October 2005 South Asia, Bangladesh, Dhaka
REFERENCES
Dr. Simad Saeed Dr. A. Sasekumar Managing Director Senior Research Fellow (Retired) CDE Consulting University of Malaya Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Dr. Ahmed Shaig Director, Environmental Services CDE Consulting Email: [email protected]
Mohamed Faizan Page 9 of 9 Curriculum Vitae
Full Name Mohamed Nasooh
Permanent address H. Scorpious Janavaree Hingun Male' Republic of Maldives.
Date of Birth 2nd December 1993
Religion Muslim
Nationality Maldivian
ID Number A350055
Contact Number 7768771
E-mail [email protected]
Employment History - Heat: Health and Fitness o Gym Assistant Instructor - Ooredoo Maldives: o Call operator - Anantara dhigu: o Front office and call operator - Cafe plus: o Cashier - Le Souq: o Senior Cashier - Thohdoo Dive centre - CDE Pvt o Research Assistant
Education Higher Secondary Education June 2010 – June 2012 Villa International High School Male’ Republic of Maldives Subjects Studied for Edexcel G.C.E A’ Level Mathematics with Mechanics, Physics, Biology
Secondary Education
1st January 2007 – 10th November 2009 Majeediyya School Male’ Republic of Maldives Subjects Studied for Cambridge G.C.E O’ Level Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, English and Fisheries Science
Subjects Studied for SSC Islam, Dhivehi
Primary Education 11th January 1999 – 12th November 2006 Kalaafaanu School Male' Republic of Maldives.
Extra-Curricular Activities, Leadership and Achievements Dive master Eco diver 2005: Participated in Kalaafaanu School Inter-house Football Competition 2004-2006: Assistant Scout Leader of Kalaafaanu School
SHAARIG HUSSAIN AMIR
EDUCATION
Primary school: Maradhoo School 2006 - 2013 CONTACT Awarded certificates on various occasions for leadership and taking initiative. PHONE: 7494248 Secondary school: Irushadhiyya School 2014 - 2016 EMAIL: National Top Ten 4th place and School Top Ten 2nd place. [email protected] Performed as the Best Cadet. Best academic Cadet. HOBBIES Noted as one of the best 10 cadets during the National Cadet camp at Girifushi Training Center in 2015. Swimming Gaming Volunteering EXPERIENCE Listening to music Maldivian Red Crescent 2017 Assessed the living conditions of the citizens of Addu City
Human Rights Commission 2018 Participated in a Survey to assess the livelihood of the elderly and differently abled individuals.
SKILLS
Ability to take direction Problem solving abilities, be self-motivated and organized English Language and professional communication skills Ability to work in a team environment Ability to work under pressure with a calm nature
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX H – Proponent Declaration and Commitment Letter
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|115
EIA for the proposed Sea Cucumber hatchery at Kaashidhoo, Kaafu Atoll
APPENDIX I – Submission receipt to Kaafu Atoll Council
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|116