Institute for Quantum Computing | Annual Report 2017

Home , Raymond Laflamme, Richard Cleve

“ WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE IN WATERLOO IS TRULY SPECIAL, FROM THEORY TO EXPERIMENT AND ” BEYOND. PROFESSOR STEPHEN HAWKING THANK YOU

THE INSTITUTE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING (IQC) THANKS MIKE AND OPHELIA

LAZARIDIS, THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA AND THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

FOR THEIR VISIONARY SUPPORT.

THANK YOU TO THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR THEIR GENEROUS AND CONTINUED SUPPORT OF IQC:

Foundation for Innovation (CFI) | Canada Research Chairs (CRC) | Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) | Canadian Space Agency | Canadian Queen Elizabeth II

Doug Fregin | Department of Canadian Heritage | European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) | Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario (FedDev) |

Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi) | Government of Canada | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) | Korean Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) |

Cooperation Program | The Gerald Schwartz & Heather Reisman Foundation

SPECIAL THANKS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, IQC’S HOME, FOR SUPPORTING AND CELEBRATING RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND EXCELLENCE. Contents

THE DRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE AND INNOVATION 08 Ultra-powerful computers, unbreakable cryptography, quantum devices, new materials and nanotechnologies of unprecedented efficiencies are some of the discoveries being pioneered at IQC.

A MAGNET FOR THE WORLD’S BEST 14 Attracting the leading minds in quantum information science and technology research to build a hub of quantum expertise.

WORLD-CLASS RESEARCH 24 From theory to experiment, the breadth and quality of IQC’s research infrastructure allows quantum information science and technology advancement at the highest international level.

THE PATH TO QUANTUM VALLEY: 15 YEARS OF INNOVATION AND DISCOVERY 32 Theoretical concepts and transformational technologies are moving from the lab to the marketplace, poised to make real societal impacts.

LEADING THE NEXT QUANTUM REVOLUTION 38 Graduate students are an integral part of our scientific community.

IQC TO THE WORLD 48 Great research must be shared with the people who support it, who are fascinated by it, and who ultimately will benefit from it.

THE YEAR IN REVIEW: LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD 56 INSTITUTE FOR Together, we are leading the next quantum revolution. QUANTUM COMPUTING

University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Published by IQC Phone: 1-519-888-4021 Communications and Fax: 1-519-888-7610 Strategic Initiatives Email: [email protected] Our vision

HARNESSING QUANTUM MECHANICS WILL LEAD TO TRANSFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL BENEFIT SOCIETY AND BECOME A NEW ENGINE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21st CENTURY. Core Our mission Research

TO DEVELOP AND Areas ADVANCE QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AT THE QUANTUM HIGHEST INTERNATIONAL COMPUTING LEVEL THROUGH THE Using atoms, molecules COLLABORATION and particles of light OF COMPUTER to create new bits of A DRIVE computer information SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, — qubits, which can MATHEMATICIANS AND be 0 and 1 at the same FOR PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS. time — for computing.

QUANTUM COMMUNICATION Developing ultra- Excellence secure communication channels, low-noise transmission protocols and satellite-based INNOVATION global networks by harnessing the power of the quantum world. Our strategic objectives:

To establish Waterloo as a QUANTUM world-class centre for research SENSING in quantum technologies and Using the laws of quantum mechanics their applications. to develop new sensors with To become a magnet for highly exponential precision, & sensitivity, selectivity qualified personnel in the field and efficiencies. of quantum information.

T o be a prime source of insight, analysis and commentary on QUANTUM MATERIALS quantum information. Engineering materials that exhibit quantum properties for robust quantum information processors and other devices.

8 A drive for excellence and innovation Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 9 RESEARCH excellence MAKING IQC ADVANCES THE MOST INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. AN IMPACT 298 1,506 QUANTUM researchers including publications 7 research chairs since 2002 ecosystem THE WATERLOO REGION PROVIDES AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ACADEMIC AND 200+ INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS. FUNDAMENTAL active awards and grants, including 41 NSERC-funded QUANTUM QUANTUM DISCOVERIES ARE ALREADY grants and 6 CFI funded grants INFORMATION MOVING FROM THE LAB TO THE MARKET.

SCIENCE Scientific growth and Intellectual training in 2017 hub of 329 activity 60+ 7 research collaborations spanning powerhouse patents & licenses spinoff HOSTED 34 countries and 180+ institutions in 2017 by IQC researchers companies TAKING SCIENCE OUT OF THE LAB INSPIRES THE 367 196 NEXT GENERATION OF SCIENTIFIC LEADERS. 4 students educators conferences engaged in given the tools Public education and 132 30,357 lectures and to integrate 250+ researchers within 1 km of publications cumulative citations engagement 2017 highlights hands-on quantum into Waterloo working to advance the science, technology in 2017 4 learning the classroom and commercial impact of quantum technologies workshops

POTENTIAL IMPACT AREAS: 161,193 Alumni ENVIRONMENT, PRIVACY, MEDICINE, guests through QUANTUM: The Exhibition 42 68% 35+ and QUANTUM: The Pop-up Exhibition at TRANSPORTATION, TECHNOLOGY, seminars in academia industry DIGITAL COMMUNICATION 13 locations in 14 months partnerships 24 21% in industry 4,826 colloquia participants in outreach programs SPONSORED promoting quantum information science and technology in 2017 15 workshops and conferences 1,301,458 around the minutes of quantum talks watched on world YouTube in 200 countries

10 A drive for excellence and innovation Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 11 I also want to note the important AFTER A CENTURY STUCK IN TEXTBOOKS, IQC effort led by Professor Thomas STRENGTHENING Jennewein in partnership with the Canadian Space Agency that is MIND BENDING QUANTUM developing technology to enable the A GLOBAL transfer of QKD encrypted data over EFFECTS ARE ABOUT TO POWER long distances via satellites and thereby QUANTUM helping to solve a material limitation with MAINSTREAM INNOVATION. QKD efforts around the world. INDUSTRY No discussion on IQC would be THE ECONOMIST (MARCH, 2017) complete without an update on its general–purpose quantum computer efforts. Researchers at IQC are focused on the engineering of how to connect Message from the Message from the Chair of the Board a large number of qubits like many Chair of the Executive other groups around the world. That Momentum toward the development of a new large scale global said, what really sets IQC apart from Committee industry based on transformative quantum technologies continues other work around the world is IQC’s extensive efforts to develop a quantum to grow and researchers at IQC continue to play a leadership role The quest for the first system that has less inherent noise. IQC in advancing our fundamental knowledge of quantum information quantum computer is a researchers know that you can’t build daunting aspiration. science and in developing new quantum technologies. a useful quantum computer without tackling this fundamentally difficult Yet it’s an endeavour that IQC recruits the very best researchers to Waterloo with a particular focus on issue and believe that their efforts to I have no doubt will be the strongest younger talent. I want to welcome Christine Muschik and William develop solutions in this regard upfront accomplished at IQC. Slofstra – new recruits to IQC in the past year. With 29 research faculty, IQC will have critical long–term benefits has been noted as the largest centre of its kind in the world. in their effort to develop a general– As I look toward to the future, I’m reminded of the incredible I also want to recognize the important advances to our knowledge of purpose quantum computer. growth and success that has quantum information by IQC researchers over the past year. Highlights In the past year, IQC Founding Director already taken place here. It was include the following: Raymond Laflamme stepped down from passion, a bold vision, and the this role after 15 years. His leadership • Collaboration by KEVIN RESCH’s group with Perimeter Institute researchers tremendous support of Mike and his many contributions as Founding led by ROBERT SPEKKENS to explore a new approach for learning about Lazaridis that set the stage for nature including testing quantum theory; Director helped establish IQC as one IQC to emerge as a world leader of a handful of quantum centres in in quantum information. • Work by RAYMOND LAFLAMME, JONATHAN BAUGH and BEI ZENG the world. I want to personally thank toward improved quantum control by bootstrapping a 12 qubit Raymond for his leadership, his hard Combined with Raymond quantum processor; work and his invaluable contribution. Laflamme’s leadership, IQC has become known as one of the most • Physics World recognized the work from THOMAS JENNEWEIN and I am pleased that Raymond will continue advanced research facilities in the KEVIN RESCH’s groups reporting the observation of three–photon to play a critical role at IQC as the holder world — an epicentre of the next interference as a 2017 physics breakthrough; of the Mike and Ophelia Lazaridis John information revolution. As IQC von Neumann Chair. Raymond is a celebrates its 15th anniversary, • THOMAS JENNEWEIN’s group also reported a successful airborne QKD test, world leading expert in quantum error we also say goodbye to Raymond, a key step towards satellite deployment; correction and his work in this regard will marking another pivotal point in be a critical part of IQC’s effort toward time in IQC’s history. • MICHAEL REIMER reported in Nature on a new bright source of entangled a quantum computer with less inherent photons based on nanowires; and noise. I am thrilled that Raymond has At IQC, the biggest ideas are chosen to continue to play such an about what happens on the and ’s group demonstrated new control • DMITRY PUSHIN DAVID CORY important role at IQC and am very smallest of scales. As the University methods to prepare orbital angular momentum states of both pleased to have helped the University of of Waterloo pursues the goal neutrons and photons. Waterloo to make this happen. of becoming one of the most innovative universities in the world, I am also excited by IQC’s critical contribution to the growing number of IQC builds on top of the entrepreneurial we also welcome a new Vice- new quantum technology start–ups in the Quantum Valley. For example, culture that has led to the global President, University Research, a quantum ESR technology start–up founded by an IQC researcher has recognition and success of the University Charmaine Dean. Together, as developed technology that is literally 100,000 times more powerful and more of Waterloo. This unprecedented we work towards achieving this sensitive than existing classical technologies. A quantum-safe encryption multidisciplinary 15 year university-wide substantial goal, there is no start–up in the Quantum Valley involving IQC researchers has developed a effort to harness the power of quantum question that quantum research “quantum-safe” technology platform that will enable customers to protect information science and quantum and will play a significant role by their sensitive records from quantum computer attack with a software nano materials technology will provide strengthening a global quantum update. This start–up is also enabling Canada to play a leading role in the the University of Waterloo a unique industry with deep societal impact. development of new global standards for quantum safe technologies. and globally competitive advantage for decades to come. In last year’s report remarks, I noted the award to IQC of $76 million as part of George Dixon the Canada First Research Excellence Fund. Matching funds from the University CHAIR, of Waterloo and industry partners including Quantum Valley Investments has Mike Lazaridis, O.C., O.Ont., FRS, FRSC IQC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CHAIR, resulted in IQC’s $140 million Transformative Quantum Technologies (TQT) Vice-President Academic & Provost, IQC BOARD OF DIRECTORS effort led by Professor David Cory. TQT will help IQC to continue to play a University of Waterloo global leadership role in the development of a general–purpose quantum computer, quantum sensor technology, new quantum materials and quantum encryption technology.

12 A drive for excellence and innovation Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 13 ATTRACTING WORLD-CLASS RESEARCHERS

K. Rajibul Islam

K. RAJIBUL ISLAM joined IQC and the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo from the MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms (CUA). As a postdoctoral researcher at CUA, Islam studied entanglement in ultra-cold neutral bosonic atoms in optical potentials. He attended Quantum Innovators in 2015, and now leads the Laboratory for Quantum Information with Trapped Ions (QITI) at IQC. His research interests include quantum computation, experimental quantum many-body physics and the use of holography and high-resolution A microscopy to manipulate many-body systems. FOR Magnet THE

Crystal Senko WORLD'S While completing her postdoctoral research at the MIT-Harvard CUA, CRYSTAL SENKO focused on the development of a photonic crystal waveguide for information transfer between atoms. During her fellowship in 2015, she attended Quantum Innovators and is now a member of IQC and the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo. Senko explores how single atoms encoded with multiple levels of information, called qudits, can improve the efficiency of encoding information in quantum systems. Her work with trapped ions looks at the possibilities of building quantum systems, including spin chains with complicated behaviour that has yet to be demonstrated in a lab. bestATTRACTING THE LEADING MINDS IN QUANTUM

INFORMATION SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY

RESEARCH TO BUILD A HUB

OF QUANTUM EXPERTISE. Jon Yard

From the Station Q team at Microsoft Research, JON YARD joined IQC as an Associate Professor in the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization in the Faculty of Mathematics and as an Associate Faculty member with the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI). Yard tackles complex mathematical problems in the areas of quantum information, quantum computing, algebraic number theory, quantum field theory and computational complexity theory. His research aims to understand the capabilities and limitations of devices for computing and distributing information.

14 A magnet for the world's best Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 15 FACULTY

2002 2004 2005 2006

Raymond Laflamme Hamed Majedi Michele Mosca Ashwin Nayak Andris Ambainis Richard Cleve Gregor Weihs Joseph Emerson Debbie Leung Norbert Lütkenhaus Physics and 2001-2014, Combinatorics Combinatorics 2004-2009, Cheriton School of 2005-2010, Applied Combinatorics Physics and Astronomy now at the and Optimization and Optimization now at the University Computer Science now at the Mathematics and Optimization Astronomy University of Waterloo of Latvia University of Innsbruck

2007 2008 2009 2010

Frank K. John Watrous Kevin Resch Andrew Childs Jonathan Baugh Ben Reichardt Thomas Adrian Lupaşcu David Cory Dmitry Pushin Wilhelm-Mauch Cheriton School of Physics and 2007-2016, Chemistry 2008-2011, Jennewein Physics and Chemistry Physics and Astronomy 2006-2013, Computer Science Astronomy now at the now at the Physics and Astronomy Research Assistant now at the Universität University of Maryland University of Astronomy Professor 2010-2017, des Saarlandes Southern California now Assistant Professor, Physics and Astronomy

2011 2012 2014 2015

Robert Koenig Guo-Xing Miao Matteo Mariantoni Christopher Wilson Michal Bajcsy Raffi Budakian Kyung Soo Choi Michael Reimer Vern Paulsen 2010-2015, Electrical and Physics and Electrical and Electrical and Physics and Physics and Electrical and Pure Mathematics now at Technische Computer Engineering Astronomy Computer Engineering Computer Engineering Astronomy Astronomy Computer Engineering Universität München

Nanoscale Magnetic Quantum Materials and Quantum Sensing 2016 2017 Resonance Imaging Lab Devices Lab in Physics Raffi Budakian Wei Tsen Dmitry Pushin

Quantum Error Control Quantum Optics and Quantum and Error Correction Quantum Information Lab Software Group Raymond Laflamme Kevin Resch Michele Mosca William Slofstra Wei Tsen Na Young Kim Jon Yard K. Rajibul Islam Crystal Senko Christine Muschik Pure Mathematics Chemistry Electrical and Combinatorics and Physics and Physics and Physics and Optical Quantum Quantum Optics Theory Superconducting Research Assistant Computer Engineering Optimization Astronomy Astronomy Astronomy Communication Christine Muschik Quantum Professor 2015-2017, now Assistant Professor, Theory Group Devices Group Pure Mathematics Norbert Lütkenhaus Quantum Photonic Adrian Lupaşcu IQC Research Groups Devices Lab Research at IQC is fundamentally Our researchers are appointed to both IQC and one of seven departments Quantum Innovation Michael Reimer Trapped Ion Coherent Laboratory of Ultracold (QuIN) Lab Quantum Control interdisciplinary, spanning theory and across three faculties at the University of Waterloo: Quantum Photonics Lab Spintronics Group Quantum Matter and Light Na Young Kim Crystal Senko experiment, to pursue every avenue Thomas Jennewein Jonathan Baugh Kyung Soo Choi of quantum information science. FACULTY OF FACULTY OF FACULTY OF Quantum Information Quantum Processors Lab MATHEMATICS SCIENCE ENGINEERING and Computation IQC fosters collaboration across Engineered Quantum Laboratory for Quantum David Cory Systems Lab Information with Theory Group disciplines and across borders. Applied Electrical and Chemistry Christopher Wilson Richard Cleve Mathematics Computer Trapped Ions Quantum-safe K. Rajibul Islam Joseph Emerson Engineering Cryptography Group Combinatorics Physics and Functional Quantum Raymond Laflamme Michele Mosca and Optimization Astronomy Materials Mathematics of Debbie Leung Guo-Xing Miao Quantum Information Michele Mosca Computer William Slofstra Ashwin Nayak Laboratory for Digital Science Vern Paulsen Quantum Matter Nano-Photonics and John Watrous Pure Matteo Mariantoni Quantum Optics Lab Jon Yard Mathematics Michal Bajcsy

16 A magnet for the world's best Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 17 Agreements & Exchanges

NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE

IQC has signed nine official agreements to facilitate The University of Waterloo supports exchange opportunities collaborative research projects, joint research and the for IQC students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers that pursuit of common scientific interests: promote the advancement of education and research in quantum information processing through a student exchange QUEBEC agreement with the following institutions: • Institut national de la recherche scientifique AUSTRIA • Ins titut Transdisciplinaire d’Information Quantique • Universität Innsbruck CHINA FRANCE • Tsinghua University • Univ ersity of Science and Technology of China • École normale supérieure de Lyon • Université Paris Diderot INDIA GERMANY • Raman Research Institute • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ISRAEL LATVIA • Technion — Israel Institute of Technology • University of Latvia KOREA THE NETHERLANDS • Korea Institute of Science and Technology • Delft University of Technology Powered THE NETHERLANDS SINGAPORE • Delft University of Technology • National University of Singapore SINGAPORE BY • Centre for Quantum Technologies

IN 2017, IQC RESEARCHERS:

PARTICIPATED IN 329 research collaborations people spanning 34 countries and 180+ institutions. 70%+ WELCOMED 159 scientific visitors from 129 leading of co-authored papers are with COLLABORATION institutions to exchange ideas and research in quantum information. international collaborators A COLLABORATIVE IS A CATALYST FOR DISCOVERY. IQC APPROACH WITH RESEARCHERS WORK CLOSELY WITH PEERS FROM AROUND GLOBAL REACH Theoretical researcher As an IQC affiliate and solve the grand problems THE GLOBE. IQC’S Computing ROGER MELKO studies the Associate Professor in the of physics — especially if INTERNATIONAL quantum University of Waterloo’s implemented on a quantum big questions of quantum Department of Physics and computer. In August 2016, NETWORK CONTINUES condensed matter condensed-matter physics Astronomy, Melko supervises Melko organized a conference TO EXPAND, MAKING AFFILIATE PROFILE using computational postdoctoral fellow HILARY at the Perimeter Institute CONNECTIONS AND methods such as Monte CARTERET and collaborates for Theoretical Physics PARTNERSHIPS THAT Carlo simulations. He won with other IQC researchers, that aimed to explore the LAY THE GROUNDWORK the Canadian Association including postdoctoral fellow potential of machine learning CHRIS HERDMAN and fellow in quantum research. FOR EXCITING FUTURE of Physicists (CAP) affiliate PIERRE-NICHOLAS ROY. DEVELOPMENTS. Herzberg Medal in 2016 “For now, machine minds can for his outstanding early- After an artificial intelligence be great at chess and even career achievements in program created by Google Go, but these are just the defeated world champion beginnings of a much larger condensed matter physics, Lee Sedol in Go, a game revolution. What we’re seeing and currently holds a magnitudes more complex now shows that machine Canada Research Chair in than chess, Melko began to learning has the power to Computational Quantum think about how machine advance science, technology, Many-Body Physics. learning and artificial and society in profound intelligence could help ways,” said Melko.

18 A magnet for the world's best Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 19 ACADEMIC & SCIENTIFIC VISITORS LONG-TERM VISITORS INCLUDING: INCLUDING:

Leena Aggarwal, Andy Ding, Robert Johnson, Alexander Ling, Bienvenu Ndagano, Crystal Senko, Ryan Wilson, Daniela Angulo Murcillo, Rébecca Lapointe, Atmn Patel, Indian Institute of Science Illinois Wesleyan University Pennsylvania State University Centre for Quantum University of the Harvard University College of New Jersey National University of Université de Montréal Kingsville District High Education and Research Technologies Witwatersrand Colombia School Juan Carlos García-Escartín, Noah Dylan Johnson, Francois Sfigakis, Hugo Woerdeman, Dariusz Lasecki, David Allcock, Universidad de Valladolid University of Wisconsin- Rotem Liss, William Oliver, University of Cambridge Drexel University Valentina Baccetti, Adam Mickiewicz Dominique Pouliot, National Institute of Madison Technion — Israel Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Macquarie University University University of Illinois at Lino Eugene, Nachiket Sherlekar, Michael Wolfe, Standards and Technology Technology Technology Urbana-Champaign McGill University Peter Johnson, University of Waterloo University of Maryland Gaurav Bhole, Yoon Seok Lee, Dartmouth College The University of Pusan National University José Aumentado, Dennis Feng, Zidu Liu, Jonathan Oppenheim, Heedeuk Shin, Franco N.C. Wong, K. Rajibul Islam, National Institute of University of Science and University College London Queensland MIT-Harvard Center for University of California, Amir Karamlou, Pohang University of Science Massachusetts Institute of Anthony J. Leggett, Standards and Technology Technology of China Ultracold Atoms Berkeley Massachusetts Institute of Zachary Pagel, and Technology Technology Milena Crnogorcevic, University of Illinois at Technology Tufts University Middlebury College Urbana-Champaign Valentina Baccetti, Andreas Fognini, Jorma Louko, Carlos Silva, Bowen Yang, Ivana Rilak, Macquarie University The University of Nottingham University of Belgrade Delft University of Angela Karanjai, Haining Pan, Université de Montréal Nankai University Noah Dylan Johnson, Yiruo Lin, Technology The University of Sydney Nanjing University University of Wisconsin- University of Illinois at Shalev Ben-David, Shunlong Luo, Stephanie Simmons, Penghui Yao, Mahrud Sayrafi, Massachusetts Institute of Academy of Mathematics Madison Urbana-Champaign University of California, Luis Garay, Torsten Karzig, Serge-Olivier Paquette, Simon Fraser University University of Maryland, Technology Universidad Complutense Microsoft Research, Station Q and Systems Science, Université de Montréal Baltimore County Berkeley Urbasi Sinha, Dennis Feng, Zidu Liu, de Madrid Chinese Academy of University of California, University of Science and Gaurav Bhole, Thomas Kauten, Apoorva D. Patel, Raman Research Institute Beni Yoshida, Karolina Sedziak, The University of Queensland Sciences Berkeley Technology Nicolaus Copernicus Laura García-Álvarez, University of Innsbruck Centre for High Energy Perimeter Institute Sam Slezak, University Nina Bindel, University of the Basque Michael Lynch, Physics, Indian Institute of Andreas Fognini, Shunlong Luo, Imran Khan, Acadia University Humboldt State University Dapeng Yu, Technische Universität Country Max Planck Institute for the Science South University of Science Delft University of Academy of Mathematics Francois Sfigakis, Darmstadt Tom Stace, Technology and Systems Science, University of Cambridge Miriam Gauntlett, Science of Light Xionfeng Ma, Atmn Patel, and Technology of China Tsinghua University The University of Queensland Chinese Academy of Justin Bohnet, University of Cambridge Kingsville District High School Jason Herrmann, Nachiket Sherlekar, Cheol-Joo Kim, Henry Yuen, Sciences National Institute of Xiaodong Ma, Douglas Stebila, Harvard University University of Waterloo Peter Geltenbort, Cornell University Evan Peters, McMaster University University of California, Standards and Technology Institut Laue-Langevin University of Science and Oregon State University Berkeley Xiaodong Ma, Yoon-Ho Kim, Matt Hodel, Martin Suchara, Technology of China Martin Suchara, Massachusetts Institute University of Science and AT&T Labs Research Brendan Bramman, Zhexuan Gong, Pohang University of Science Marco Piani, Man-Hong Yung, Hastings College AT&T Labs Research of Technology Technology of China University of Maryland, and Technology Arpita Maitra, University of Strathclyde South University of Science Yidun Wan, College Park Indian Institute of Shihai Sun, and Technology of China Arpita Maitra, Fudan University Michael Bremner, Marcelo Knobel, Todd Pittman, Shilling Huang, University of Management Calcutta National University of Defence Tsinghua University Indian Institue of Stephen K. Gray, Universidade Estadual de University of Maryland Technology Liuyan Zhao, Management Calcutta Hengyan Wang, Technology Sydney Argonne National Laboratory Campinas (Unicamp) Laura Mancinska, University of Michigan University of Science and Dominique Pouliot, Bienvenu Ndagano, University of Bristol Matthew Taylor, University of the Jacob Marks, Technology of China Harry Buhrman, Milena Grifoni, Mike Kobierski, University of Illinois at Yu Zheng, University of Amsterdam Dalhousie University Witwatersrand Yale University Universität Regensburg McGill University Jacob Marks, Urbana-Champaign Nankai University Hugo Woerdeman, Yale University Rakesh Tiwari, Akihiro Mizutani, Drexel University Alexei Bylinskii, Simon Gröblacher, Natsumi Komatsu, Lorenzo M. Procopio, Xiaobo Zhu, Robert Johnson, Massachusetts Institute of McGill University Pennsylvania State Osaka University Delft University of Rice University Christoph Marquardt, University of Vienna University of Science and Michael Wolfe, Technology Technology Max Planck Institute for the Bill Unruh, Technology of China University Zachary Pagel, University of Maryland Pravesh Kothari, Science of Light Christian Prosko, University of British Columbia Tufts University Hugo Cable, Jason Herrmann, Princeton University University of Alberta Karol Życzkowski, Amir Karamlou, Bowen Yang, University of Bristol Harvard University Mark McArdle, Mehran Vahdani, Jagiellonian University Massachusetts Institute Haining Pan, Nankai University Sophie Laplante, eSentire Inc. Fereshteh Rajabi, University of British Columbia of Technology Nanjing University Andrew Cameron, Matt Hodel, Université Paris Diderot Western University Yu Zheng, University of Prince Massachusetts Institute of Akihiro Mizutani, Henry De Valence, Angela Karanjai, Serge-Olivier Paquette, Nankai University Jean Lapointe, C. Jess Riedel, Edward Island Technology Osaka University Eindhoven University of The University of Sydney Université de Montréal National Research Council Perimeter Institute Technology Nai-Hui Chia, Christopher Monroe, Thomas Kauten, Apoorva Patel, Rolf Horn, Rébecca Lapointe, Ivana Rilak, Pennsylvania State University Quspin Technologies Inc. University of Maryland, Juan Bermejo-Vega, University of Innsbruck Centre for High Energy Université de Montréal College Park University of Belgrade Physics, Indian Institute Hong Chiang, Perimeter Institute Natsumi Komatsu, Sara Hosseini, Dariusz Lasecki, William Rose, of Science Chongqing University Australian National University Tal Mor, Michael Walter, Rice University Adam Mickiewicz University Technion — Israel Institute of University of Illinois at Stanford University Joseph Choi, Urbana-Champaign Onur Hosten, Mathieu Laurière, Technology University of Rochester Stanford University Yidun Wan, New York University, Mahrud Sayrafi, Yonuk Chong, Bhaskaran Muralidharan, Fudan University Shilling Huang, Shanghai Indian Institute of Technology University of California, Korea Research Institute of Tsinghua University Berkeley Dongsheng Wang, Standards and Science Youn Seok Lee, Bombay University of Calgary Bruno Huttner, Pusan National University Daniela Angulo Murcillo, Volkher Scholz, Charles W. Clark, ID Quantique Ghent University Hengyan Wang, National Institute of Anthony J. Leggett, National University of University of Science and Standards and Technology K. Rajibul Islam, University of Illinois at Colombia Sacha Schwarz, Technology of China MIT-Harvard Center for Urbana-Champaign Christine Muschik, Universität Bern Milena Crnogorcevic, Ultracold Atoms Tzu-Chieh Wei, Middlebury College Yiruo Lin, University of Innsbruck Karolina Sedziak, University of British Columbia Youn-Chang Jeong, University of Illinois at Nicolaus Copernicus Animesh Datta, Robert Myers, Agency for Defense Urbana-Champaign Perimeter Institute University The University of Warwick Development

20 A magnet for the world's best Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 21 TOURING QUANTUM VALLEY

Canada Leads By Example In Quantum Research

The world looks to Canada for insight in quantum research. Throughout the year, we welcome researchers, industry and government from all over the world to share quantum research and build partnerships.

39 INDUSTRY AND 10 GOVERNMENT VISITORS TOURED QUANTUM VALLEY INCLUDING:

Vice-President Academic & Provost, University of Waterloo GEORGE DIXON, Founder and Managing Partner, Quantum Valley Investments MIKE LAZARIDIS, Canada Excellence Research Chair Laureate DAVID CORY, Minister of Science, the Honourable KIRSTY DUNCAN, President and Vice-Chancellor, University of T aiwan Ministry of Science Waterloo FERIDUN HAMDULLAHPUR, founding Executive Director RAYMOND LAFLAMME, Executive Vice-President, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Delegation Council BRENT HERBERT-COPLEY

Delegation of EU Flagship officials Transformative Quantum Technologies “ Quantum mechanics enable devices that are otherwise Embas sy of France, BRIGITTE Continually pushing the boundaries of quantum research leads to new PROUCELLE and ANTOINE RAUZY theoretical perspectives, proposed experiments and practical technologies. impossible in the classical A new initiative established last fall with support from the Canada First Norw ay’s Ambassador to Canada, Research Excellence Fund (CFREF) continues to push boundaries. world, and these revolutionary ANNE KARI HANSEN OVIND devices will transform the way The Transformative Quantum Technologies (TQT) program tackles three Pr esident of Croatia, grand challenges in quantum research: the development of a universal we interact with and learn KOLINDA GRABAR-KITAROVIĆ quantum processor, impactful quantum sensors and long-distance quantum about the world. Transformative communication. Under the direction of DAVID CORY, Canada Excellence

President of Croatia, KOLINDA GRABAR-KITAROVIĆ, tours the Quantum Research Chair in Quantum Information Processing, TQT aims to connect Quantum Technologies aims Optics and Quantum Information Lab during a visit to IQC. academic research with industry applications in a variety of fields, and to continue paving the way for transformative quantum technologies. to develop new quantum technologies and to connect quantum devices to applications spanning the fields of medicine, health, navigation, environment, materials and others.”

DAVID CORY, Canada Excellence Research Chair, Laureate

22 A magnet for the world's best Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 23 THROW OUT

THE RULE BOOK,

IT'S QUANTUM. World-

class EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IN THE LAB DOESN’T ALWAYS RESEARCH LEAD TO QUICK RESULTS.

FROM THEORY TO EXPERIMENT, THE BREADTH AND QUALITY EXPLORE A ROAD OF IQC’S RESEARCH THAT HASN’T INFRASTRUCTURE ALLOWS

QUANTUM INFORMATION BEEN TRAVELLED

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON BEFORE. ADVANCEMENT AT THE HIGHEST

INTERNATIONAL LEVEL.

PAVING THE WAY TOWARDS THE REALIZATION OF A

UNIVERSAL QUANTUM COMPUTER, QUBIT BY QUBIT.

24 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 25 NA YOUNG KIM took the road less travelled. She spent almost two years working on product development for Apple Inc., but her passion for discovery led her back to academia. Kim returned to research at IQC in 2016. She heads the Quantum Innovation (QuIN) laboratory, which aims to build large-scale quantum processors based on novel materials and advanced technologies.

Currently, Kim and her team are on track to develop semiconductor-based quantum machines. “Machine is a general term,” noted Kim. “A quantum I PREFER TO EXPLORE machine could be a device, system, or architecture. The details are in the discovery.” A ROAD THAT HASN’T “ Classical and quantum technologies Key materials may work together to solve problems. Kim is taking a ground-up approach BEEN TRAVELLED A quantum simulator could be and starting with materials. Historically, engineered to address issues in stone, iron and other metals have condensed matter physics. Or to ON BEFORE. AS played a significant role in developing simulate chemical reactions, such as technology. Kim believes that materials molecule bonding for the design and RESEARCHERS, will once again be revolutionary in the delivery of medical drugs. quantum age.

WE HAVE THE SAME Materials development is a new area New perspectives for trained physicist Kim. And she’s GOAL, BUT TAKE boldly expanded her understanding Kim takes a holistic approach to of materials science, chemistry and research. She plans her research route DIFFERENT PATHS engineering to steer her research carefully, but knows it’s important to forward. In fact, she’s also an stay open-minded about the direction TO GET THERE Associate Professor in the University it takes. “Research and discovery is a of Waterloo’s Department of Electrical cycle. The best engineering will provide and Computer Engineering. new perspectives for exploring the AND SHARE OUR fundamental aspects of quantum information science.” Superior solid-state circuits EXPERIENCES Science and technology will emerge Kim and the QuIN team are designing together and propel quantum an integrated solid-state circuit with information research forward on ALONG THE WAY.” superior optical, mechanical and the adventurous path to discovery. thermal performance compared to current technology. Thanks to quantum physics, the enhanced capability of the circuit could play a key role in bridging quantum and classical technology. “A quantum computer likely won’t replace the classical computers we use today, but will serve complementary purposes,” said Kim.

26 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 27 ON THE EXPERIMENTAL “ RESEARCH DOESN’T ALWAYS LEAD TO QUICK path RESULTS. SOMETIMES THERE ARE BIG TO BUILDING A BREAKTHROUGHS, BUT EQUALLY IMPORTANT ARE THE INCREMENTAL quantum STEPS IN GETTING TO computer THE FINAL GOAL.”

On a quiet morning at the Principal investigator JONATHAN It’s a toolbox that Baugh’s been dot (also known as an artificial large scale quantum information- A glimpse into the future One example is the quantum memristor may be used to build BAUGH walks the hall to the developing for 15 years. He atom). The quantum dots studied processing device — the inner memristor — a resistor with artificial circuits to simulate the Research Advancement Experimental research in the dilution refrigerator in the started his journey at IQC as one in Baugh’s lab are made from workings of a quantum computer. memory — the result of Baugh’s way the brain works. Centre (RAC) building, lab doesn’t always lead to quick Coherent Spintronics lab daily. of the very first postdoctoral semiconductors and are around “That would have a huge impact collaboration with colleagues at results. But it does give us a In the lab, the constant hum and a steady hum and chirp There, he and his students fellows in 2002. His supervisor, 50 nanometers in size. and could change the world,” Oxford University. The quantum glimpse into future applications chirp of the dilution refrigerator drifts down the hallway. experiment with nanoscale RAYMOND LAFLAMME, said Baugh. “Theoretically we memristor regulates the flow of for quantum technologies. is a reminder of steady steps The repetitive, calming electronic devices at low introduced him to the field of can model the behaviour of electrical current using a pair of Control at scale “Sometimes there are big forward. Advancing technology is whir signals the ongoing, temperatures to learn more about quantum information. Now these quantum systems. Until quantum dots. Neuroscientists Gaining the ability to control breakthroughs, but equally catching up with theory, like the quantum physics. According to Baugh’s research group focuses we actually make and study predict that memristive-type crucial work of the dilution quantum states at the level of important are the incremental nanoscale devices in Baugh’s lab. Baugh, “Understanding more on applying quantum control them in a lab, we won’t know components could be important refrigerator keeping one or two electrons is the first steps in getting to the final goal,” The path to building a quantum about how to control physics at methods to single quantum what all the real challenges to for the study of brain function. step in a larger, more ambitious said Baugh. computer is in sight. the tiny device inside the nanoscale gives us a powerful systems with potential to scale scaling up will be.” In concept, the quantum endeavour. The ultimate goal is to cooled and in the desired toolbox to work with.” up, like the spin of a single put the pieces in place to build a quantum state. electron trapped in a quantum

28 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 29 Curiosity DRIVES INNOVATION

RAYMOND LAFLAMME:

A path OF curiosity

Quantum technologies, like all innovations, were born out of the innate sense of curiosity that drives us. We are curious about the things around us. We learn about something — how it behaves, how it works. Then we capture that behaviour, harness it to do something for society and start the cycle all over again.

From a young age, Laboratory in New Mexico. experimental piece RAYMOND LAFLAMME’s There, he developed too. And it should be innate sense of curiosity quantum-error correction multidisciplinary, bringing led him down the path of theory and performed mathematicians, computer discovery. He asked his the first experimental scientists, chemists and grandfather how airplanes demonstration of engineers together.” flew and learned how quantum-error correction. to repair lawnmowers As Laflamme put it, “I took Quebec-born quantum physicist RAYMOND LAFLAMME once gave STEPHEN HAWKING from his mother. His curiosity piqued a leap of faith into what a boomerang. The gift represented Laflamme’s PhD research with Hawking, during when MIKE LAZARIDIS has become the most which he proved that time in a contracting universe moves only forward, not in a His curious nature and HOWARD BURTON exciting work of my life.” reverse direction — contrary to Hawking's initial suggestion. eventually steered him travelled to meet with He moved to Waterloo and towards a career in him in DAVID CORY’s the Institute for Quantum research. Laflamme lab at the Massachusetts Computing (IQC) was earned his PhD under the Institute of Technology. born. In 15 years serving “YES, THE BOOMERANG WAS AN INSIDE JOKE, BUT IT WAS MORE THAN THAT. supervision of STEPHEN Lazaridis had a vision — as Executive Director, HAWKING, focusing on IT WAS A WAY OF SAYING THAT, ALTHOUGH TIME IS INDEED AN ARROW, to start an institute for Laflamme’s leadership general relativity and quantum computing at established IQC as a IT HAS A WAY OF BRINGING OUR LIVES — AND WHAT IS quantum cosmology. the University of Waterloo, world-class research hub, MOST IMPORTANT TO US — FULL CIRCLE.” After completing a Killam and he wanted Laflamme positioning Canada postdoctoral fellowship at to lead it. Laflamme said at the forefront of the Raymond Laflamme the University of British to him: “If you’re really quantum revolution. Now, Columbia, Laflamme interested in quantum curiosity pulls Laflamme began exploring information, you should back into the world of quantum computing as not focus only on the research to start the cycle an Oppenheimer Fellow theoretical side — all over again. at Los Alamos National there should be a strong

30 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 31 THE PATH TO

CURIOSITY IS A QUANTUM VALLEY “DRIVING FORCE OF INNOVATION. OUR DESIRE TO UNDERSTAND HOW Message from the Executive Director THE WORLD AROUND Fifteen years ago, I set out on an unknown path. Guided by visionary Mike Lazaridis, IQC was created to foster US OPERATES LEADS pioneering research into the next technological revolution — the quantum revolution. Today, IQC stands among the top quantum research institutes internationally. US TO THE NEED

TO CONTROL THAT When I look back on the I thank the continued support We have come so far in Thank you to all who join path that led to the growth of of our partners who have lined 15 years, yet there is still a and support IQC on this WORLD AND CREATE IQC today, I see the collective the path — Mike and Ophelia long way to go. When I look exhilarating journey. Together, efforts and extraordinary Lazaridis, Doug Fregin, the ahead to see what the future we will lead the quantum TECHNOLOGIES TO accomplishments of a vibrant University of Waterloo and path holds, I see tremendous technology industry. scientific community. Our both the provincial and federal opportunities to explore: new BENEFIT SOCIETY.” faculty members, postdoctoral governments — enabling IQC areas of research, exciting Raymond Laflamme fellows, students, associates to adapt to and shape the ever- collaborations and impactful FOUNDING EXECUTIVE and affiliates are advancing changing research landscape at advancements. In the coming DIRECTOR the field of quantum research, a global scale. IQC plays a critical year, a new Director will also making discoveries and role in building the Quantum set a path forward for IQC Institute for building on Waterloo’s Valley, together with the that will continue to shape Quantum Computing, reputation of research Perimeter Institute of Theoretical and influence our quantum University of Waterloo excellence. Theoretical Physics, Quantum Valley research agenda nationally concepts and transformational Investments and the Lazaridis and internationally. technologies are moving School at Wilfrid Laurier from the lab to the University. I also want to thank marketplace, poised to the staff at IQC and colleagues make societal impacts. throughout the University and abroad for their profound contribution to build IQC.

32 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 33 June September October November December CONTEXTUALITY SHOWN AS UNIVERSITY OF COLLABORATIVE 1st MICHAEL REIMER AND OTHERS DEVELOP 1st SOURCE OF SCHRÖDINGER'S CLASS A NECESSARY RESOURCE WATERLOO STUDENT RESEARCH BY FOR SCIENCE EDUCATORS FOR ACHIEVING THE ON-DEMAND TIME-BIN ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS USING May July QUANTUM DOTS, WHICH COULD INCREASE SECURITY IN CHAPTER OF THE KYUNG SOO CHOI ADVANTAGES OF QUANTUM OPTICAL SOCIETY OPENS A ROUTE DAVID CORY, RAYMOND LAFLAMME AND QUANTUM COMMUNICATION January MICHELE MOSCA COMPUTATION BY JOSEPH (OSA) OPEN TOWARDS DISSIPATIVE OTHERS SET LONGSTANDING WORLD EVOLUTIONQ INC., A STARTUP AND OTHERS SHOW EMERSON AND TEAM LIGHT: ILLUMINATED PREPARATION OF MANY- RECORD FOR UNIVERSAL CONTROL OF SPECIALIZING IN QUANTUM-RISK SELF-TESTING OF BODY ENTANGLEMENT LARGEST NUMBER OF QUBITS (12) MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND QUANTUM CIRCUITS WITH UNPRECEDENTED September ROBUST CYBERSECURITY TOOLS, 07 SCALING BEHAVIOUR 06 RAFFI BUDAKIAN BUILDS ULTRA-SENSITIVE IS FOUNDED BY MICHELE MOSCA DETECTION INSTRUMENTS THAT LOOK AT AND NORBERT LÜTKENHAUS NATURE IN FUNDAMENTALLY NEW WAYS July 15

March May January FUNDING OVER 5 YEARS RENEWED November FROM PROVINCE OF ONTARIO , AND $25M PHILLIP KAYE RAYMOND LAFLAMME 1st EXPERIMENTAL MICHELE MOSCA PUBLISH RESPECTED REALIZATION OF HEAT- TEXTBOOK AN INTRODUCTION TO BATH ALGORITHMIC $50M $49M QUANTUM COMPUTING COOLING IN A SOLID-STATE PLEDGE BY GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT FROM CFI, March April NUCLEAR SPIN SYSTEM OF ONTARIO TO SUPPORT ONTARIO RESEARCH FUND AND RAYMOND LAFLAMME, THOMAS JENNEWEIN, KEVIN RESCH AND VERN PAULSEN CO-PUBLISHES THE BY JONATHAN BAUGH, EXCELLENCE IN GLOBAL UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO TO February OTHERS ACHIEVE SUCCESSFUL DISTRIBUTION OF 3 ENTANGLED TEXTBOOK AN INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH CONSTRUCT THE LAZARIDIS ASHWIN NAYAK, RAYMOND PHOTONS AT 3 DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, OPENING THE DOOR TO May THE THEORY OF REPRODUCING LAFLAMME AND OTHERS QUANTUM-NANO CENTRE MULTI-PARTY QUANTUM COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT KERNEL HILBERT SPACES $50M OF THE FIRST AVAILABLE May DONATED BY MIKE AND 16 SOFTWARE TO OPHELIA LAZARIDIS, April MATCHED BY BOTH THE EVALUATE THE

EXPANSION GOVERNMENT OF ONTARIO SECURITY OF ANY $12.5M INTO RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY CANADA PROTOCOL FOR ADVANCEMENT QUANTUM KEY PLEDGE BY MIKE AND OPHELIA LAZARIDIS DISTRIBUTION FOR THE MIKE & OPHELIA LAZARIDIS CENTRE I (RACI) 08 May December (QKD) BY QUANTUM-NANO CENTRE IQC AND PERIMETER INSTITUTE COLLABORATE FOR MONTH-LONG CONFERENCE, “TAMING THE QUANTUM WORLD” 14 OPENING OF A NEW NORBERT QUANTUM MATERIALS LAB TO LÜTKENHAUS’ 02 GROW BUILDING BLOCKS OF GROUP QUANTUM DEVICES July 05 MIT TECHNOLOGY November REVIEW NAMES OFFICIAL OPENING IN IQC AS A PILLAR June THE PHYSICS BUILDING FOR BUILDING A WILLIAM SLOFTSRA LEADS THE DISCOVERY OF THE SOLUTION QUANTUM INDUSTRY 09 TO THE LONGSTANDING TSIRELSON’S PROBLEM, WHICH HELPS IN WATERLOO MATHEMATICIANS UNDERSTAND THE POSSIBLE WAYS IN WHICH 13 TWO SPATIALLY SEPARATED SYSTEMS BEHAVE

April May October August ANDREW CHILDS EXPERIMENT BY ADRIAN LUPAŞCU, September 1st QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY $50M DEMONSTRATES May CHRIS WILSON AND OTHERS IQC LEADS CANADA FIRST RESEARCH SCHOOL FOR YOUNG THE FEASIBILITY , AND OTHERS COMMITTED BY GUO-XING MIAO DAVID CORY ACHIEVES THE STRONGEST EXCELLENCE FUND INITIATIVE AT WATERLOO, STUDENTS (QCSYS) OF UNIVERSAL DEVELOP A SPECTROSCOPIC TOOL FOR GOVERNMENT OF COUPLING BETWEEN LIGHT AND INCLUDING THE TRANSFORMATIVE QUANTUM COMPUTATION USING CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE CANADA TO BUILD, June MATTER EVER RECORDED TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM PURCHASE AND RECRUIT QUANTUM WALKS 1st UNDERGRADUATE OF THIN FILMS, USEFUL IN DESIGNING A HIGHLY QUALIFIED SCHOOL ON QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSOR April PERSONNEL EXPERIMENTAL DONATION BY QUANTUM INFORMATION December MIKE AND OPHELIA PROCESSING (USEQIP) PLEDGE BY MIKE AND $30M LAZARIDIS TO SECURE September January OPHELIA LAZARIDIS FURTHER FUNDING 10 GRAND OPENING OF MICHAL BAJCSY AND TEAM PROPOSES TWO POSSIBLE METHODS WITH MATCHING $3M TOTALLING $100 MILLION THE MIKE AND OPHELIA CONTRIBUTIONS FOR BUILDING AN OPTICAL CAVITY INSIDE A HOLLOW-CORE LAZARIDIS QUANTUM- FROM CFI AND August ON-CHIP WAVEGUIDE FOR QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING NANO CENTRE THROUGH PHOTON-PHOTON INTERACTIONS THE ONTARIO 03 IQC STARTUP 17 INNOVATION TRUST UNIVERSAL January August QUANTUM PRELIMINARY TECHNOLOGY JOHN WATROUS AND DEVICES, INC., October FEASIBILITY STUDY IN COLLABORATORS RESOLVE SELLS ITS 1st PARTNERSHIP WITH DEFENSE LONGSTANDING OPEN MULTI-PURPOSE QUANTUM: THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT QUESTION ABOUT COMPLEXITY TOOL FOR EXHIBITION 04 LAUNCHES AS CANADA (DRDC) MARKS THE THEORY: QIP=PSPACE QUANTUM OPTICS PART OF THE LAUNCH OF THE QUANTUM RESEARCH ENCRYPTION AND SCIENCE INNOVATION150 SATELLITE (QEYSSAT) PROJECT PILLAR FOR July CANADA 150 May POSTDOC ANNE BROADBENT IQC MOVES INTO B.F. CO-ORGANIZES 1st ANNUAL GOODRICH BUILDING WOMEN IN PHYSICS CANADA December CONFERENCE WITH DMITRY PUSHIN AND DAVID CORY APPLY QUANTUM PERIMETER INSTITUTE INFORMATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE 1st TIME TO NEUTRON INTERFEROMETRY, ALLOWING FOR SMALLER, FASTER, MORE RESILIENT SENSORS October March 11 12 MATTEO MARIANTONI IN RENEWED FUNDING September LEADS THE ANNOUNCED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF November DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF CANADA WATERLOO AND $10M 1st PHD GRADUATE: OF THE QUANTUM March June June IQC LAUNCH THE DAVID POULIN SOCKET, A NEW 3-D RICHARD CLEVE AND COLLABORATORS IQC EXPANDS INTO DEBBIE LEUNG AND COLLABORATIVE WIRING TECHNIQUE September DEMONSTRATE THAT QUANTUM MECHANICS CAN RESEARCH ADVANCEMENT COLLABORATORS SHOW QUANTUM INFORMATION THAT BRINGS INVITATION TO LOCAL HIGH BE USED TO OBTAIN DRAMATIC ADVANTAGES FOR CENTRE II (RACII), FUNDED THAT ENTANGLED GRADUATE PROGRAM SCHOOL STUDENTS TO TOUR LABS, COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY BY MIKE LAZARIDIS AND STATES CAN BE USED SCALABLE QUANTUM LAUNCHING OUTREACH EFFORTS DOUG FREGIN TO INCREASE THE COMPUTERS CLOSER NUMBER OF ERRORLESS TO REALITY CLASSICAL MESSAGES THE BASIC “ THEORY OF QUANTUM

MECHANICS

DESCRIBES THE

RULES OF HOW There’s an element of predictability when playing chess. Simple rules define how each piece OUR WORLD moves in this thoughtful game of strategy. Now imagine playing a game of chess where suddenly the rules have changed. New moves are allowed and the board has dramatically WORKS, BUT grown in size. This is, in a nutshell, the challenge of studying quantum computing. It’s a very different game than the classical world. WE’RE STILL The rules of classical information are based “Figuring out what a quantum system is TRYING TO FULLY on our everyday human experiences, where capable of helps guide the exploration of objects have definite states that can be quantum technologies,” said Cleve. “There’s a UNDERSTAND THE completely determined by observing them rich interplay between theory and experiment (at least in principle). in the development of architectures for building quantum technologies.” CONSEQUENCES The rules of quantum information, on the other hand, are defined by the principles Cleve has developed some quantum OF THESE RULES.” of quantum mechanics. They explain the algorithms — sets of instructions that guide behaviour of small particles like atoms, quantum mechanical systems — to simulate Quantum electrons and photons. Objects can exist in a the evolution of these systems. Designed for rules superposition of several states and sequences quantum computers as small as 50 to 100 of moves can interfere with each other. As a qubits, these algorithms move us further result, the outcomes of processes are often along the board towards understanding counter-intuitive from a classical perspective. fundamental quantum behaviour and how we can harness it to build new technologies. “This is a strange game that nature plays,” said RICHARD CLEVE, IQC researcher and IQC Chair in Quantum Computing. “The basic theory of The next move quantum mechanics describes the rules of how Cleve joined IQC in 2004. He was an early our world works, but we’re still trying to fully player to the game when the quantum understand the consequences of these rules.” research community was small. Some even considered quantum information theory to Game-changing be a risky area of study. But Cleve and his colleagues took the long view and pushed our Quantum mechanics open up new possibilities understanding of quantum and its potential for building transformational technologies forward. As the field evolves, the fascinating for computing, healthcare, communications counter-intuitive behaviour of quantum and geological exploration. Cleve’s theoretical systems keeps Cleve excited as a researcher. research in quantum information theory lays He’s ready for the next move. some of the groundwork for programming quantum devices.

34 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 35 Qubit

In theory, quantum at the same time, thanks Chip-on-chip bonding by to quantum mechanics. computing has the Mariantoni’s team also This ability gives qubits potential to exponentially developed a new technology QUBIT in superposition robust expand the possibilities to help qubits maintain a processing power. of information processing. more stable quantum state. Here’s the wrinkle: it takes Using an etching technique, In practice, will it great care to maintain the team carved a network of actually outperform superposition. Quantum tunnels into the surface of a a conventional, mechanical states are very silicon wafer. The tunnels are classical computer? fragile and interact easily with lined with metal and bonded their environment. Interaction above the superconducting There’s only one way to with the environment in the quantum circuit. The BUILDING find out: build a quantum circuit eventually causes the tunnels shield qubits from computer and test it. qubit to decay and randomly environmental interferences “A QUANTUM The task of building transition from one state to like electromagnetic fields a quantum computer another. As a result, qubits and increase the length of COMPUTER COMBINES combines the exploration cannot store information time data can be stored. for long. "To implement a of fundamental quantum “We believe this approach universal quantum computer, THE EXPLORATION physics with the challenge will significantly improve our we need to correct and of engineering new ability to control and measure remove those errors caused technologies. It’s the a superconducting qubit,” OF FUNDAMENTAL by interaction and decay," perfect scientific mix for noted Mariantoni. “Combined Mariantoni explained. IQC researcher MATTEO with the quantum socket, QUANTUM PHYSICS MARIANTONI, also a the chip-on-chip bonding professor in the Department A logical qubit technique builds the base WITH THE CHALLENGE of Physics and Astronomy. In pursuit of quantum-error of an extensible quantum Inside Mariantoni’s correction, Mariantoni and computing architecture.” OF ENGINEERING NEW Laboratory for Digital his team engineered the The DQM lab is paving the Quantum Matter (DQM), quantum socket. It’s a three- way towards the realization superconducting quantum dimensional wiring technique of a universal quantum TECHNOLOGIES.” bits (or qubits, the basic unit that connects traditional computer, qubit by qubit. of quantum information) electronics to quantum are carefully studied in an circuits using spring-loaded effort to build an extensible pins for individual qubits. quantum processor. The quantum socket can connect 100 up to 1,000 The advantage of superconducting qubits in a superposition group called a logical qubit. Grouping the qubits together Electronic circuits in classical like this reduces the effects computers are characterized of errors for individual qubits by two states, 0 and 1. and aligns the error rate But superconducting qubits more closely to that of a can be in a superposition classical computer. of states, both 0 and 1

36 World-class research Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 37 Message from the Quantum Information Graduate Program Director

Cross-disciplinary research and collaborations among leading computer scientists, engineers, chemists, mathematicians, and physicists create a unique scientific environment at IQC. The Quantum Information Graduate Program, formed in 2010 in partnership with Leading the Faculties of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science, allows students to experience the benefits of this setting and to make fundamentally THE NEXT important contributions to it.

Sixty-seven students have successfully earned PhD degrees and 113 have earned Master’s degrees at IQC since its inception. The Quantum Information Graduate Program consistently attracts graduate students of quantum the highest calibre from around the world, and applications have increased by 147 percent over the past seven years.

By engaging in a study of quantum information science REVOLUTION through research projects and a wide selection of advanced courses, students in the Quantum GRADUATE Information Graduate Program are trained in a broad range of disciplines and methodologies. STUDENTS ARE Furthermore, graduate students form an integral part of IQC’s AN INTEGRAL vibrant research community, often making key contributions and PART OF OUR providing insights toward tackling today's research challenges. With the skills and knowledge gained SCIENTIFIC through their studies and research, our students will continue to COMMUNITY fuel new discoveries in quantum information research and become tomorrow’s scientific leaders.

John Watrous Quantum Information Graduate Program Director

38 Leading the next quantum revolution Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 39 COURSES GRADUATE STUDENTS 2017 Congratulations

The University of Waterloo, TO OUR RECENT Sascha Agne Samuel Jaques Clifford Plesha in collaboration with IQC, Arash Ahmadi Andrew Jena Mats Powlowski GRADUATES offers graduate students unique Shahab Akmal David Jepson Jitendra Prakash Rubayet Al Maruf Andrew Jordan Christopher Pugh opportunities to learn about and Thomas Alexander Shitikanth Kashyap Daniel Puzzuoli Razieh Annabestani engage in world-leading quantum Matthew Alexander Hemant Katiyar Jason Pye PhD Physics Omar Alshehri Maria Kieferova Hammam Qassim (Quantum Information) information research through a Julia Amoros Feyruz Kitapli Richard Rademacher Hillary Dawkins Matthew Amy Joel Klassen He Ren wide range of advanced projects MSc Physics Vadiraj Ananthapadmanabha Rao Hyeran Kong John Rinehart and courses on the foundations, (Quantum Information) Elena Anisimova Nikhil Kotibhaskar Nayeli Azucena Rodriguez Briones applications and implementation Shima Bab Hadiashar Meenu Kumari Theodore Rogozinski John Donohue of quantum information processing. Eduardo Barrera Ramirez Dariusz Lasecki Joshua Ruebeck PhD Physics Stefanie Beale Han Le Romain Ruhlmann (Quantum Information) Jérémy Béjanin Youn Seok Lee Vincent Russo Edward Eaton Marian Berek Jason LeGrow Allison Sachs MMath Combinatorics Emma Annelise Bergeron Lin Li Shihan Sajeed and Optimization Winter 2017 Student Kristine Boone Madelaine Liddy Chung Wai Sandbo Chang Brendan Bramman Piers Lillystone Dusan Sarenac Matthew Graydon QIC 750 Matthew Brown Jin Gyu Lim John Schanck PhD Physics Brandon Buonacorsi Jun An Lin David Schmid Quantum Information Processing Devices (Quantum Information) Andrew Cameron Jie Lin Ala Shayeghi Arnaud Carignan-Dugas Xudong Liu Yu Shi Bappi Golam QIC 823 Poompong Chaiwongkhot Li Liu Jiahao Shi MASc Electrical and Computer Engineering Quantum Algorithms Christopher Chamberland Guofei Long Chung-You Shih Michael Chen Richard Lopp Sumit Sijher (Quantum Information) Jiahui Chen David Lou Petar Simidzija QIC 845 Guiyang Han Paulina Corona Ugalde Benjamin Lovitz Sebastian Slaman MSc Physics life Yutong Dai Pei Jiang Low Nadine Stritzelberger Open Quantum Systems (Quantum Information) Graduate students play an integral role in IQC’s scientific community, Simon Daley Jean-Philippe MacLean Nigar Sultana Patrick Daley Shayan Majidy Huichen Sun Gregory Holloway QIC 885 extending beyond research contributions. The IQC Graduate Student Jose de Ramon Rivera Nicolas Manor Yongchao Tang PhD Physics Quantum Electronics and Photonics Association brings students together with social activities and events. Tina Dekker Antonio Martinez Ramy Tannous (Quantum Information) Rahul Deshpande Ashutosh Marwah Theerapat Tansuwannont Sumeet Khatri Groups such as FemPhys, Let’s Talk Science, Waterloo Science Outreach, Olivia Di Matteo Christian Mastromattei Burak Tekcan MSc Physics QIC 890 Engineering Science Quest, Women in Engineering, the Centre for Education Zhenghao Ding Morgan Mastrovich Archana Tiwari (Quantum Information) Ian Dsouza Somendu Maurya Sai Sreesh Venuturumilli Semidefinite Programming in in Mathematics and Computing (CEMC) provide opportunities for enriching Carolyn Earnest Michael Mazurek Guillaume Verdon-Akzam Quantum Information Rui Peng Liu the academic and community experience. Jennifer Fernick Thomas McConkey Sebastian Verschoor MMath Combinatorics Jeremy Flannery Emma McKay Cameron Vickers and Optimization Nicolas Funai Corey Rae McRae Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy Kaveh Gharavi Arthur Mehta Sean Walker Xingliang Lou Spring 2017 Daniel Grimmer Denis Melanson Zimeng Wang MMath Combinatorics Lane Gunderman Maryam Mirkamali Chunhao Wang and Optimization QIC 891 Aimee Gunther Abel Molina Christopher Warren Xian Ma Holger Haas Sainath Motlakunta Han Weng Topics in Quantum Safe Cryptography MMath Applied Math Guiyang Han Mike Nelson Kyle Willick (Quantum Information) Laura Henderson Mohamad Niknam Samuel Winnick QIC 890 Ian Hincks Joachim Nsofini Ruoxuan Xu Joachim Nsofini Taylor Hornby Satish Pandey Yihang Yang MSc Physics Introduction to Noise Processes Nairong Hou Maria Papageorgiou Bowen Yang (Quantum Information) Anqi Huang Tarun Patel Muhammet Yurtalan Alex Parent Jaron Huq Connor Paul-Paddock Mohd Zeeshan MSc Physics Dmitri Iouchtchenko Helen Percival Shazhou Zhong (Quantum Information) Fall 2017 Tyler Jackson Evan Peters Yunda Zhu Christopher Pugh QIC 710 PhD Physics (Quantum Information) Quantum Information Processing Vincent Russo PhD Computer Science QIC 820 2017 Theory of Quantum Information POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS Allison Sachs MSc Physics (Quantum Information) QIC 880 Razieh Annabestani Chris Herdman Geovandro Pereira Yongchao Tang Nanoelectronics for Quantum Jean-Philippe Bourgoin Brendon Higgins Hao Qin PhD Electrical and Information Processing Hilary Carteret Sara Hosseini Fereshteh Rajabi Computer Engineering Franklin Cho Jeongwan Jin Pooya Ronagh (Quantum Information) Patrick Coles Milad Khoshnegar Mahmood Sabooni Guillaume Verdon-Akzam QIC 890 Paulina Corona Ugalde Hyun Ho Kim Karthikeyan Sampath Kumar MMath Applied Mathematics Solid-state Quantum Matthew Coudron Sangil Kwon Francois Sfigakis (Quantum Information) Javad Doliskani Jun Li Yongchao Tang Photonic Devices Ying Dong Ying Liu Dave Touchette Zachary Webb Michael Epping Chang Liu Peter Tysowski PhD Physics QIC 890 Guanru Feng Zhe Liu Joel Wallman (Quantum Information) Modern Quantum Optics Francois Fillion-Gourdeau Dawei Lu Ben Yager Denis Gagnon Zhihuang Luo Taehyun Yoon Yang Yihang and Nanophotonics Vlad Gheorghiu Filippo Miatto Hui Zhang MASc Electrical and Sandra Gibson George Nichols Pan Zheng Computer Engineering Mark Girard Ibrahim Nsanzineza

40 Leading the next quantum revolution Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 41 SCIENTIFIC OUTREACH AND AND Recognizing AWARDS COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT RECOGNITION Congratulations to JEAN-PHILIPPE MacLEAN and DARRYL HOVING, recipients of the 2016 IQC David Johnston Award for Scientific Outreach. This award, created in honour of His Excellency Faculty Awards and Grants DAVID JOHNSTON, Canada’s Governor General from 2010-2017, recognizes students who have shown an outstanding commitment to scientific outreach and community engagement. INCLUDING: MacLean played a role in the development of LIGHT Illuminated in celebration of the UN’s International Year of Light and is an active leader at IQC’s Undergraduate School for Experimental Quantum Information MICHAL BAJCSY Processing (USEQIP). Hoving was recognized for his leadership introducing high school students to the • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2015) • Early Researcher Award (April 2017) ideas of modern physics, including quantum information science.

JONATHAN BAUGH • NSERC Discovery Grant (January 2013) • Gerald Schwartz & Heather Reisman Foundation (March 2015)

KYUNG SOO CHOI • NSERC Research Tools & Instruments (March 2015) • Early Researcher Award (April 2015) VERN PAULSEN Mike and Ophelia Lazaridis NSERC Postgraduate SAMUEL JAQUES • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2015) • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2016) Fellowship — Master’s Scholarship — Doctoral SUMEET KHATRI EMMA BERGERON ARNAUD CARIGNAN-DUGAS DAVID LAYDEN RICHARD CLEVE MICHAEL REIMER JASON LEGROW • NSERC Operating (April 2013) • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2016) YOUN SEOK LEE CHRISTOPHER CHAMBERLAND • Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Fellow (July 2013) • Early Researcher Award (April 2017) LIN LI AIMEE GUNTHER JUNAN LIN MORGAN MASTROVICH GREG HOLLOWAY CHRISTIAN MASTROMATTEI DAVID CORY KEVIN RESCH GUILLAUME VERDON-AKZAM MICHAEL MAZUREK • Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (September 2015) • FQXi Physics of What Happens (September 2015) Mike and Ophelia Lazaridis CHRISTOPHER PUGH • Fellow, American Physical Society (October 2015) • NSERC Research Tools & Instruments (March 2016) Fellowship — PhD NSERC Vanier Canada DANIEL PUZZUOLI • Canada First Excellence Research Fund (September 2016) • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2017) NICHOLAS FUNAI Graduate Scholarship JASON PYE THOMAS JENNEWEIN JOHN WATROUS SARAH KAISER DANIEL GRIMMER JEFFREY SALVAIL • Early Researcher Award (May 2011) • NSERC Research Grant (January 2007, April 2014) MARIA KIEFEROVA TOMAS JOCHYM-O'CONNOR PETAR SIMIDZIJA • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2015) • 2014 Outstanding Performance Award (June 2015) MEENU KUMARI JEAN PHILIPPE MACLEAN ALA SHAYEGHI • American Physical Society Outreach Mini-Grant (May 2015) LI LIU RAMY TANNOUS CHRISTOPHER WILSON • Public W orks and Government Services Canada/Canadian Space ABEL MOLINA Ontario Graduate Scholarship GUILLAUME VERDON-AKZAM Agency Grant (January 2016) • Ontario Centres of Excellence Award (November 2015) HAMMAM QASSIM SHIMA BAB HADIASHAR SEAN WALKER • 2016 Marsland Family Award (March 2017) EDUARDO BARRERA RAMIREZ CHUNHAO WANG NA YOUNG KIM NAYELI AZUCENA RODRIGUEZ BRIONES • Early Researcher Award (April 2017) DAVID SCHMID STEFANIE BEALE KYLE WILLICK SUMIT SIJHER KRISTINE BOONE JOSHUA YOUNG RAYMOND LAFLAMME Student Awards YONGCHAO TANG HILLARY DAWKINS • Quantum Information Science Program, CIFAR (July 2013) KENT FISHER Provost Doctoral Entrance • Waterloo-Technion Cooperation Program (May 2014) Earned by IQC Master’s and PhD NSERC Alexander Graham JEREMY FLANNERY Award for Women • Canada Research Chair – Tier 1 (February 2016) students in 2016-2017 including: Bell Canada Graduate TAYLOR HORNBY JENNIFER KATHERINE FERNICK • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2016) Scholarship — Doctoral DMITRI IOUCHTCHENKO NAYELI AZUCENA RODRIGUEZ BRIONES • 2017 CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (April 2017) • 2016 Outstanding Performance Award (May 2017) David R. Cheriton Graduate Scholarship MATTHEW AMY SUMEET KHATRI ALLISON SACHS OLIVIA DI MATTEO DAVID LAYDEN NADINE STRITZELBERGER • Mik e and Ophelia Lazaridis “John von Neumann” Chair in Quantum TAYLOR HORNBY JOHN DONOHUE CHRISTIAN MASTROMATTEI Information, University of Waterloo (September 2017) LI LIU • Or der of Canada (December 2017) LAURA HENDERSON CHRISTOPHER PUGH Queen Elizabeth II Graduate ABEL MOLINA JASON LEGROW DANIEL PUZZUOLI Scholarship in Science and DEBBIE LEUNG DHINAKARAN VINAYAGAMURTHY MICHAEL MAZUREK JOSHUA YOUNG Technology • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2016) IQC Achievement Award CHRISTOPHER PUGH MATTHEW ALEXANDER President's Graduate Scholarship KRISTINE BOONE ADRIAN LUPAŞCU KENT FISHER JASON PYE MATTHEW ALEXANDER MATTHEW BROWN • Waterloo-Technion Cooperation Program (May 2015) MEENU KUMARI JEFFREY SALVAIL MATTHEW AMY CHRISTOPHER CHAMBERLAND MICHAEL MAZUREK SEAN WALKER NORBERT LÜTKENHAUS CHUNHAO WANG SHIMA BAB HADIASHAR DANIEL PUZZUOLI • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2012) CHRISTOPHER PUGH KYLE WILLICK EDUARDO BARRERA RAMIREZ ALA SHAYEGHI • Fellow, American Physical Society (October 2017) SHIHAN SAJEED STEFANIE BEALE DUSAN SARENAC MATTEO MARIANTONI NSERC Alexander Graham KRISTINE BOONE Public Outreach and Informing the Public Grants • NSERC General Research Fund (April 2015) IQC David Johnston Award for Scientific Outreach Bell Canada Graduate ANDREW CAMERON AIMEE GUNTHER SIMON DALEY Scholarship — Master’s ARNAUD CARIGNAN-DUGAS GUO-XING MIAO DARRYL HOVING STEFANIE BEALE CHRISTOPHER CHAMBERLAND • Early Researcher Award (April 2017) Outstanding Achievement JEAN-PHILLIPE MACLEAN KRISTINE BOONE PATRICK DALEY in Graduate Studies MICHELE MOSCA ANDREW CAMERON HILLARY DAWKINS NAYELI AZUCENA RODRIGUEZ BRIONES • NSERC Create Grant (March 2012) IQC Entrance Award PATRICK DALEY OLIVIA DI MATTEO • Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Leading Edge Fund (February 2013) ANDREW CAMERON HONGHAO FU JOHN DONOHUE Dean of Science Award • Ontario Research Fund (February 2013) SIMON DALEY SAMUEL JAQUES KENT FISHER • NSERC Discovery Grant (March 2014) NAYELI AZUCENA RODRIGUEZ BRIONES NICHOLAS MANOR JASON LEGROW JEREMY FLANNERY • Quantum Information, CIFAR (June 2014) CLIFFORD PLESHA JUNAN LIN HONGHAO FU • Fr. Norm Choate C.R., Lifetime Achievement Award (May 2017) CAP-OSAF Boris P. Stoicheff JASON PYE DANIEL GRIMMER NAYELI AZUCENA RODRIGUEZ BRIONES Memorial Scholarship PETAR SIMIDZJIA PETAR SIMIDZIJA AIMEE GUNTHER ASHWIN NAYAK CHRISTOPHER PUGH • NSERC Discovery Grant (April 2014) GUILLAUME VERDON-AKZAM RAMY TANNOUS LAURA HENDERSON • Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship (January 2015) GREG HOLLOWAY Ontario Trillium Scholarship TAYLOR HORNBY NADINE STRITZELBERGER DMITRI IOUCHTCHENKO

42 Leading the next quantum revolution Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 43 TO SEE SOMETHING Manitoba native CHRISTOPHER PUGH wanted a graduate program that would provide relevant, real-world training and the opportunity to gain transferable skills for both academic and industrial FINALLY COME career paths. He found the right fit at the University of Waterloo in the Department of Physics and “ Astronomy, studying Physics (Quantum Information) as a member of IQC.

TOGETHER AFTER Pugh researches free space propagation Pugh’s research goes up from there — literally. of quantum information signals over long Recently, he was part of the first successful WORKING TOWARDS IT distances for the purpose of secure quantum transmission of a secure quantum key from a communication, specifically quantum key source on the ground to a quantum satellite FOR SO LONG FEELS distribution (QKD). QKD uses the laws of receiver prototype on board a National quantum mechanics to establish a shared key Research Council of Canada (NRC) aircraft. VERY REWARDING.” that is secure and independent of any other After a week of meticulous testing to certify data, provided the two parties also share a that all equipment was airworthy, Pugh took classical authenticated channel. The potential to the sky in the NRC aircraft where he used to share quantum keys globally opens up with the fine pointing unit and other custom a satellite network where quantum keys can systems to receive photons and extract a be distributed from ground stations located quantum key sent from a photon source on around the world to satellite stations and back. the ground. “Receiving the photons in the air was definitely a highlight,” recalled Pugh. The Quantum Encryption and Science “This was a real team effort. To see something Satellite (QEYSSat) mission aims to generate finally come together after working towards it encryption keys through the creation of for so long feels very rewarding.” A quantum links between ground and space. Pugh’s involvement with the QEYSSat The rewards extend beyond research for mission began six years ago when starting his Pugh. Recognized with the IQC David Master’s degree under the supervision of IQC Johnston Award for Scientific Outreach researcher and QEYSSat Principal Investigator in 2013, he is actively involved in outreach THOMAS JENNEWEIN. activities. He’s even co-hosted the Q-Kids science show with Scientific Outreach Officer Pugh played a major role in achieving a ELECTRA ELEFTHERIADOU. “I’ve really successful QEYSSat milestone as the technical enjoyed the opportunities to participate in lead on the development of the Quantum outreach at IQC,” said Pugh. “It’s given me Key Distribution Receiver Acquisition, a chance to develop new skills, give back to skillful Pointing and Tracking (QKDR APT) system in the community and to share my passion for collaboration with industry partners, including science with others.” the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). “We performed successful QKD over a longer distance than we previously demonstrated with the fine pointing unit,” said Pugh. “It was APPROACH a crucial step to bringing the QEYSSat project closer to a future quantum space mission.” CHRISTOPHER PUGH, PHD STUDENT

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Quantum science QEYSSAT PROJECT heading to space MILESTONES Preliminary Feasibility study Development of Hardware Completion of Technology Successful Successful tests IQC is pioneering new applications for technology with the Canadian technological prototyping and CSA-funded development for transmission of of the detector quantum technologies, in particular feasibility studied Space Agency payload market study payload prototype tracking sub-system a quantum key prototype under quantum communications networks with Defense (CSA). concepts in the with funding from development. and detector securely from a environmental via satellite. Collaborating with other Research and IQC laboratory. FedDev Ontario. assembly. source on the conditions. IQC researchers, Principal Investigator Development ground to a receiver THOMAS JENNEWEIN leads the QEYSSat Canada (DRDC). Exchange of secure on an aircraft. team in pursuit of the implementation key in demonstration of global scale quantum key distribution of QKD from a Completion of a and perform tests of quantum science stationary source to a realistic satellite over large distances. moving receiver. concept of a micro- satellite bus housing Successful laboratory the quantum demonstration of a receiver payload. form, fit and function prototype of QKDR.

44 Leading the next quantum revolution Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 45 Agnes Ferenczi,

PhD 2013

When faced with a challenge, AGNES FERENCZI sees an opportunity for discovery. IQC Ferenczi currently investigates a variety of areas including machine learning, software development, user experience and search algorithm implementations at Cliqz, a search engine and browser company focused on privacy. Here, she uses the research tools and skills she developed during her PhD research on quantum cryptography with IQC researcher NORBERT LÜTKENHAUS.

With an emphasis on security proofs for quantum cryptography systems, Ferenczi adapted quantum theories to match current experimental capabilities, bridging ALUMNI the gap between theory and experimental reality. Her PhD research included a revision to the phase encoded BB84 protocol where quantum information is transmitted using photon polarization. In this scenario, one party sends out two THE NEXT laser pulses. One laser pulse stays the same and the other weakens, a result that was not initially accounted for in GENERATION OF the theoretical proof. “We adapt the proof to allow for imperfections in the experimental environment,” said Ferenczi. Simplifying the proof for experimental implementation often improves accessibility for experimentalists. SCIENTIFIC LEADERS LEAVE IQC WITH THE RESEARCH SKILLS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY INSIGHT NEEDED Donny Cheung,

TO NAVIGATE THE MASTER’S 2002, PhD 2007 EVER-CHANGING DONNY CHEUNG was one of the very first graduate students LANDSCAPE at IQC. “It’s been amazing to watch IQC grow,” recalled Cheung. He remembers the excitement surrounding the OF DISCOVERY official launch of IQC in 2002 and moving into the first IQC IN AREAS OF graduate student office space in the Math and Computer building at the University of Waterloo. ACADEMIA, Sarah Sheldon, POSTDOCTORAL FELLOW 2013 Under the supervision of researcher MICHELE MOSCA, INDUSTRY AND Cheung’s research focused on approximate phase GOVERNMENT. During her most recent return to IQC, former postdoctoral fellow estimation algorithms, the quantum separability problem SARAH SHELDON instructed a session on IBM’s Quantum Experience, and quantum cellular automata. Cheung found the free a cloud-enabled quantum processor, with a room of Undergraduate and open flow of discussion on challenging problems School on Experimental Quantum Information Processing (USEQIP) and interesting ideas among researchers rewarding. The participants. Sheldon is part of the experimental quantum computing interdisciplinary research environment at IQC encouraged team at IBM Research that is currently pursuing a quantum computing him to think broadly while considering connections between architecture based on superconducting qubits and error corrections different scientific fields at the smallest scale. Cheung takes through surface code. She is developing new calibration and a similar research-based approach to challenges in his characterization techniques to better understand the errors present in current role as a software engineer at Google where he is the quantum system. working on the Google Cloud Platform.

“The research I did while at IQC was very relevant for my current position with IBM,” said Sheldon. She earned her PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Nuclear Science and Engineering with advisor DAVID CORY. Sheldon studied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR), focusing mostly on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and quantum control. As a postdoctoral fellow at IQC, Sheldon was exposed to different approaches to quantum computing research that motivated her to select a research group that incorporated both theory and experiment, engineering as well as basic science. “Quantum computing is such an interdisciplinary field. I think it’s beneficial to be in a research community like IQC or IBM where there are many people with wide-ranging interests and backgrounds within the broader field.”

46 Leading the next quantum revolution Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 47 Scientific OUTREACH

IMPACTFUL OUTREACH FUELS THE NEXT GENERATION OF SCIENTIFIC LEADERS AND ENCOURAGES

INNOVATIVE EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY. IQC BRINGS THE WORLD OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY TO THE CURIOUS-MINDED THROUGH UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES DESIGNED TO SHARE THE

FASCINATING RESEARCH THAT IS CHANGING THE WAY WE LIVE, WORK AND PLAY.

IN 2017 IQC HOSTED: Face-to-face with Talking quantum Digital quantum

future researchers Public lecture learning conferences, including: Quantum Applications: 4 IQC What will a quantum • Women in Physics 4,826 device do? 36,561 Canada, July 26-28 participated in online visitors to • Quantum Key Quantum Computing 101 TO THE Distribution Summer 91 1,551

School, August 21-25 outreach programs, online views

lectures and workshops 1,301,458 Lecture Series: minutes of quantum talks promoting quantum 4 workshops, including: Women in Physics Canada watched in 200 countries science and technology, Sharing research by and • Quantum Innovators including: in Computer Science insight for early career and Mathematics, 2,585 women in science September 18-22 high school students • Quantum Innovators

in Science and 8 98 lectures WORLD Engineering, elementary students October 2-5 239 4,232 GREAT RESEARCH MUST BE 42 seminars educators online views

SHARED WITH THE PEOPLE 24 colloquia

WHO SUPPORT IT, WHO AND SPONSORED ARE FASCINATED BY IT, 15 workshops and conferences AND WHO ULTIMATELY around the world. WILL BENEFIT FROM IT

TEACHING TEACHERS QUANTUM

Through lectures and hands-on activities, 36 science educators took their turn as students at Schrödinger’s Class. They learned about integrating quantum technology into the current teaching curriculum and gained the tools to share quantum with their classes.

48 IQC to the world Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 49 The QCSYS program engages high school students with one of the most exciting topics in contemporary science — quantum cryptography. Led by Senior Manager, Scientific Outreach MARTIN LAFOREST, students explore the physics and mathematics of quantum mechanics and cryptography Turner Silverthorne, through lectures and hands-on lab demonstrations. QCSYS 2015

“QCSYS presented physics in a very organic way,” remembered QCSYS alumnus TURNER SILVERTHORNE. He felt an immediate sense of belonging and connection through his shared passion for Dinah Shi, QCSYS 2012 physics and discovery with fellow QCSYS students. Exploring math and physics at Cryptography, quantum theory and their QCSYS was a unique experience, similar intersection were among the new topics to an improvised guitar performance. introduced to DINAH SHI at QCSYS. She A talented musician, Silverthorne often was fascinated by the real implications uses music as an analogy when talking of quantum cryptography on everyday about physics. “Physics is like playing life: “A quantum algorithm could render the guitar — anyone can learn it, you just cryptography based on factoring need to practice.” large composite integers insecure, and that’s dangerous.” The lecturers, faculty members and graduate students He is gaining plenty of physics practice also inspired Shi. “They were clearly studying mathematical physics as an passionate about this highly advanced, undergraduate student at the University niche subject. It made me want to of Waterloo. Silverthorne’s most recent discover a technical topic that I could co-op term brought him back to IQC as get excited about and become a master an Undergraduate Research Assistant at my craft.” (URA) with faculty member MICHAL BAJCSY to investigate novel applications of light-matter interaction. He is working Now a fourth year undergraduate on finalizing the design of a miniaturized student studying software engineering ion trap with a built-in optical cavity. By at the University of Waterloo, Shi is well balancing photon confinement with ion on her way to mastering her craft. She trap stability, his research aims to find plans to someday use her skills as a the optimal platform for light-matter programmer in industry, investigating interaction within an ion trap. how technology affects end-consumers and businesses. Currently, Shi leads the Waterloo chapter of Women Who Code, a program that inspires women to excel in careers in technology by organizing tech talks, panels and networking events. Her advice for future QCSYS students: “Come ready to learn!”

Since 2008, there are

QCSYS countries 43 96% alumni across the QCSYS participants this year from 10 countries explored the physics increase in QCSYS 361 from 29 globe and mathematics of quantum mechanics and cryptography applications since 2012

50 IQC to the world Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 51 The two-week program, USEQIP, combines both a theoretical and experimental approach to studying quantum information for international senior post-secondary students. Lectures by IQC faculty members followed by hands-on exploration in experimental facilities provide a well-rounded introduction to quantum information science and technology. USEQIP alumni leave the program equipped with the tools to begin investigating the quantum information field. Morgan Mastrovich, USEQIP 2015 USEQIP participants are encouraged to apply to the Undergraduate Research Award (URA) program, a fully-funded research experience From the top of a tower, the view is vast and wide; at a high-level, at IQC offered to as many as 30 students annually. Students spend the details may be blurry but the summer term working with a faculty member, exposing them to there is a holistic picture of the real quantum information research and what life as a graduate student landscape below. USEQIP was at IQC is like. “Showing young students the beauty and importance MORGAN MASTROVICH’s quantum of quantum information science and technology may attract new tower — the experience gave her a broad overview of the researchers to the field,” said MARTIN LAFOREST, IQC’s Senior Manager, quantum information science Scientific Outreach. “These students will be the ones making research field. “USEQIP provided groundbreaking discoveries in the future, finding new applications a great first exposure to the wider for quantum devices and proposing fresh ideas.” landscape of the quantum world,” recalled Mastrovich. “It was an excellent opportunity to grasp an understanding of the research field as a whole.”

Mastrovich now explores the quantum landscape in greater detail. Following USEQIP, Thomas Alexander, USEQIP 2013 she spent the summer as an Undergraduate Research Growing up on Canada’s east coast, the hardware and software aspects Assistant (URA) researching THOMAS ALEXANDER was always of an experimental system at IQC quantum optics with IQC faculty interested in science. It wasn’t until connected to neutron interferometers member and Canada Research his undergraduate years at Mount located at the National Institute of Chair in Optical Quantum Allison University where he studied Standards and Technology (NIST) in Technologies KEVIN RESCH. The physics and minored in both computer Maryland, USA. He wrote his honours interdisciplinary nature of the science and mathematics that he undergraduate thesis on the work. institute appealed to Mastrovich, was first introduced to the field of and she returned last fall to quantum information. “I was intrigued Now, he’s returned to IQC as a the University of Waterloo as a with quantum computing because Master’s student studying physics Master’s student to study physics it combined my love of physics and and quantum information with Cory, and quantum information. computer science,” said Alexander. his former URA supervisor. He even “I took an online course in quantum volunteers as a USEQIP leader for the In collaboration with IQC faculty information theory to learn more.” nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) member MICHAEL REIMER’s lab, lab at USEQIP. “My experience at 24 Mastrovich is working towards Alexander applied to USEQIP after one USEQIP led me on a career trajectory outstanding participants learned producing polarization entangled of his professors suggested it would that I didn’t think was achievable at the theoretical and experimental states by interfering single be right up his alley. His professor was the time,” attested Alexander. He is photons emitted by a quantum right — Alexander felt USEQIP was the currently studying silicon phosphorous foundations of quantum dot encased in a nanowire perfect fit. He enjoyed the engaging with NMR, an interesting system information processing waveguide. The experiment lectures, but his favourite part was that could be useful for quantum is intended to demonstrate getting hands-on with experiments computing and quantum sensing. an interesting application of in the lab. The USEQIP experience “There are very few places in the quantum dots as an effective prepared him for the time he spent world that have the critical mass of single photon source. “The

afterwards as an Undergraduate expertise in quantum information 17 advantage of using the quantum Research Assistant (URA) with IQC science that IQC does. This is the best USEQIP participants stayed dot as a single photon source faculty member DAVID CORY and place to study experimental quantum for an Undergraduate is that it’s brighter than other former PhD student CHRISTOPHER computing in Canada.” Research Award (URA) traditional sources and is much GRANADE. Alexander contributed to less likely to produce pairs,” explained Mastrovich. She

admitted it can be easy to get tunnel vision when working 69% on the details of a project, but increase in USEQIP a appreciates how it’s just as easy to access experts in all areas of pplications since 2012 quantum research at IQC when in need of a fresh perspective.

52 IQC to the world Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 53 Celebrating Canada150 WITH

Special guests gathered at the October 13 launch of QUANTUM: The Exhibition. Pictured left to right is University of Waterloo President and Vice-Chancellor FERIDUN Minister of Canadian Heritage, the IQC SHARES QUANTUM INFORMATION HAMDULLAHPUR, the Honourable BARDISH CHAGGER, IQC Senior Manager, Scientific Honourable MÉLANIE JOLY unveiled SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FROM Outreach MARTIN LAFOREST, IQC Executive Director RAYMOND LAFLAMME, Mayor Innovation150 and almost $6 million of Waterloo DAVE JAWORSKY, the Honourable KIRSTY DUNCAN, MP RAJ SAINI, in funding from the Government of COAST TO COAST TO COAST MPP DAIENE VERNILE, Councillors ANGELA VIETH and JEFF HENRY, IQC Director, Canada at the Discovery Centre in Communications and Strategic Initiatives TOBI DAY-HAMILTON and MP HAROLD ALBRECHT. Halifax, Nova Scotia in March 2016. Canadian astrophysicist and winner “Canada’s 150th anniversary is an ideal time to celebrate great Canadian science and bring quantum science to Canadians across the country,” said TOBI DAY-HAMILTON, of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics, The Smallest National Flag travelled across IQC’s Director, Communications and Strategic Initiatives. “The research that is Canada with QUANTUM: The Exhibition. IQC’s ARTHUR McDONALD, the official happening at IQC and at other institutes across the country is too important to stay in GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS™ record title for ambassador for Innovation150, was the labs. A lot of amazing quantum research takes place right in our own backyard and Smallest National Flag measures 1.178 micrometres also on hand to welcome the project we want to share this great work with our fellow Canadians.” QUANTUM: THE EXHIBITION in length and is invisible without the aid of an partners: IQC, Perimeter Institute How do you take a complex topic like quantum mechanics, a concept that redefines IS A CELEBRATION OF OUR electron microscope. for Theoretical Physics, Actua, the our understanding of nature, and make it accessible to everyone? The answer: you “ RESEARCHERS, AND WHAT Canada Science & Technology build an interactive science exhibition about it. QUANTUM: The Exhibition premiered Museums Corporation and the Canadian downtown Kitchener at THEMUSEUM on October 13, 2016. Special guests not only had WE HAVE ACCOMPLISHED SO the opportunity to see the exhibition before anyone else, but they also saw a surprise Association of Science Centres. video message from world-renowned theoretical physicist STEPHEN HAWKING for FAR…YOU’LL EXPLORE WHAT An interactive, year-long celebration his former student, RAYMOND LAFLAMME, congratulating him on his advocacy to QUANTUM MECHANICS MEANS FOR THE of Canadian ideas, ingenuity and share quantum science with the world. FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY. YOU’LL SEE THAT innovation, the Innovation150 project “In many ways, Canadian researchers are leading the development of new quantum brings experiences in science and technologies that will transform our lives,” explained Laflamme. “This exhibition THE POSSIBILITIES ARE ENDLESS, AND THAT 24 researchers and technology to communities across the explores these technologies and how they will inevitably change the world.” QUANTUM COMPUTING TRULY HAS THE 1 1 prime minister contributing country for Canada’s 150th anniversary. The exhibition travelled across Canada in 2017 including stops in Vancouver, Calgary, Saskatoon, Halifax and Ottawa. POTENTIAL TO TRANSFORM OUR WORLD.” “We often hear from people that quantum science is intimidating,” said Travelling 12,732 km across Day-Hamilton. “From the beginning, our goal in developing QUANTUM was to Justin Trudeau, engage people of all ages in a fun and unique way. We want everyone to have Canada in 1 year Prime Minister of Canada an understanding of how quantum technologies will change their lives.”

54 IQC to the world Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 55 Behind the scenes

LORNA KROPF, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATION

Kropf has led IQC’s administration team for nine years. “I was very excited for the opportunity to join a young institute and to be part of its growth,” recalled Kropf. She has guided the administration team through many changes, such as onboarding 17 new faculty members and coordinating two The year building moves.

Without taking center stage, Kropf takes pride in the tasks that are IN fundamental to the operational success of the institute. Her team offers support, including account management and grant proposal preparation, for each faculty member. “Our team aims to provide exceptional : service for our researchers so that REVIEW they can focus on their research and teaching,” said Kropf.

The administration team also supports Looking back, several committees, plays a lead role in shaping the visitor experience, administers the quantum information looking graduate program and manages the forward frontline interactions with all who visit the institute on a daily basis. “We are representing IQC and building a culture of excellence here.”

Looking ahead, Kropf stated that BACKSTAGE IS BUSTLING WITH ACTIVITY. A PEEK BEHIND THE SCENES OF ANY a proactive approach to improving processes and developing tools to SUCCESSFUL THEATRICAL PRODUCTION REVEALS THE INVOLVEMENT OF AN ENTIRE streamline administrative tasks will allow the team to continue providing CREW, EACH MEMBER CONTRIBUTING TO SOME ASPECT OF THE SHOW — FROM SET exceptional service. According to DESIGN, TO WARDROBE, TO LIGHTING OR SOUND — WITHOUT EVEN SETTING FOOT Kropf, “The administration team needs to be adaptable to the changing needs ON STAGE. “THE ADMINISTRATION TEAM IS LIKE THE BACKSTAGE CREW,” COMPARED of our researchers and the institute as it continues to grow.” LORNA KROPF, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATION. “WE WORK BEHIND THE Kropf knows how to navigate change SCENES TO SUPPORT IQC FACULTY MEMBERS AND THEIR RESEARCH.” at IQC. “I remember the Lazaridis Centre as a cardboard model, and now this building has come to life,” she said. “This is an exciting place to be. We are supporting world-changing research.” The administration team is ready, backstage, to support the institute moving forward.

56 The year in review: looking back, looking forward Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 57 Publications

IQC Notable publications in the journals Nature, Nature Photonics, Nature Physics, Nature Communications, Physical Review Letters, Science, Journal of Mathematical Physics, FOCS and STOC represent high-level, peer-reviewed BY THE discoveries by IQC researchers. IQC RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN PROMINENT JOURNALS SINCE 2013

PUBLICATION 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nature 2 1 1 2017 Science 1 1 numbers Nature Photonics 3 2 3 Nature Physics 3 2 2

Nature Communications 1 7 2 5 3

Physical Review Letters 15 20 23 11 6

Journal of Mathematical Physics 4 5 4 5 5

FOCS 2 2 1

IQC IS HOME TO: 29 FACULTY MEMBERS, 48 POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS, 171 GRADUATE STUDENTS, STOC 1 1 42 LONG-TERM VISITORS AND 7 TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS. TOTAL 27 40 34 26 17

Faculty & Postdoctoral Fellows Publications by Cumulative Citations IQC Researchers of IQC Publications

55 publications by IQC cumulative citations for all 132 researchers in 2017 30,435 IQC publications since 2002 Faculty 50 publications by IQC Postdoctoral researchers since 2002 Fellows 45 1,507

32,000 Research Assistant 40 Professors

35 200 24,000

30 150 16,000 25

100 20 8,000 50 15

10 0 0706050403 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 0 0706050403 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

5 Note: Source for publications (2017 partial year) and citations: Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science on December 18, 2017. Data compiled using an address search for Institute for Quantum Computing (inst* quantum comp*). Citations are cumulative for all IQC publications for all years. 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

58 The year in review: looking back, looking forward Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 59 IQC

GOVERNANCE Senior Leadership Administration 2017

Executive Committee

George Dixon, Chair Vice-President Academic & Provost Robert E. Crow Raymond Laflamme Kevin Resch David Cory Robert E. Crow Managing Director, IQC Founding Executive Deputy Director, Deputy Director, Managing Director Lorna Kropf Matt Schumacher Jeannie Bairos Erica Boland Maren Butcher Andrew Dale Director Academic Research Assistant Director, Associate Director, Executive Assistant to Receptionist, Receptionist, Administrative Raymond Laflamme Administration Finance the Director Lazaridis Centre Lazaridis Centre Coordinator/Financial Founding Executive Director, IQC Assistant Bob Lemieux Dean, Faculty of Science Laboratory Support Kevin Resch Deputy Director, Academic, IQC Wayne J. Parker Acting Dean, Faculty of Engineering Stephen Watt Dean, Faculty of Mathematics Monica Dey Christine Dietrich Matthew Fries Chin Lee Jessica Miranda Jessica Parris CREATE and Graduate Receptionist, RAC 1 Visitor Coordinator Research Support Administrative Graduate Program Program Coordinator Assistant Coordinator, Coordinator Scientific Advisory Vito Logiudice Lino Eugene Melissa Floyd Brian Goddard Mai-Britt Mogensen Postdoctoral Fellow/ Director of Operations, Micro/Nanofabrication Finance and Senior Fabrication Cleanroom Associate and Affiliate Committee Quantum NanoFab Process Specialist/ Administrative Equipment Technologist Certification and Appointments Engineer Coordinator and Lab Instructor Inventory Specialist Chris Monroe, Chair University of Maryland Harry Buhrman Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI) Anthony Leggett University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Umesh Vazirani University of California, Berkeley Mary Lyn Payerl Michele Roche Harmeny Storer Nathan Nelson- Roberto Romero Rodello Salandanan Matt Scott Anton Zeilinger Financial Officer Administrative Administrative/ Fitzpatrick Electronics and Senior Equipment Fabrication Equipment Co-ordinator/ Financial Assistant University of Vienna Nanofabrication Instrumentation Technologist Technologist and Lab Financial Assistant Wojciech Zurek Process and Technologist and Instructor Health, Safety Los Alamos National Laboratory Characterization Engineering Manager and Environment Coordinator Communications and Strategic Initiatives Advisory Board

Mike Lazaridis, Chair Transformative Quantum Technologies Co-founder and Managing Partner, Quantum Valley Investments Tom Brzustowski RBC Professor, Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa Peter E. Brown Senior Practice Partner, Deloitte Canada Tobi Day-Hamilton Electra Eleftheriadou Kathryn Fedy Dana Hociung Kimberly Kuntz Martin Laforest Robert E. Crow Director, Scientific Outreach Communications External Relations Manager, Outreach Senior Manager, Managing Director, IQC Communications and Officer Officer Coordinator and Events Scientific Outreach Tracey Forrest Sara Clark Peter Sprenger Carly Turnbull Tarralee Weber Strategic Initiatives George Dixon Program Director Administrative Senior Technical Lead. Research Support Research Project Vice-President, University Research, Assistant Magnetic Resonance Specialist Accountant University of Waterloo Robert Dunlop Former Assistant Deputy Minister, Information Technology Science and Innovation, Industry Canada Cosimo Fiorenza Vice-President and General Counsel, Quantum Valley Investments David Fransen Scott McManus Adele Newton Angela Olano Siobhan Stables Jodi Szimanski Former Consul General, Canadian Multimedia Coordinator Manager, Manager, Senior Manager, Senior Manager, Consulate General in Los Angeles Special Projects Special Projects Research Insights Communications Peter Hackett Executive Professor, University of Alberta

Raymond Laflamme Steve Weiss Matt Cooper Ryan Goggin Dylan Totzke Executive Director, IQC Associate Director, Information Computing Support Computing Business Mark Pecen Information Technology Technology Specialist Specialist Analyst CEO, Approach Infinity, Inc.

60 The year in review: looking back, looking forward Annual Report 2017 | uwaterloo.ca/iqc 61 GLOBAL LEADERSHIP IN THE REVOLUTIONARY FIELD OF QUANTUM RESEARCH

Message from the President of the University of Waterloo

IQC was built on new ideas — harnessing quantum mechanics and breakthrough technologies to solve tomorrow’s problems today.

In 2002, a new kind of institute was born at the heart of an innovation ecosystem in Waterloo — the Institute for Quantum Computing. This globally-recognized institute epitomizes, as Stephen Hawking so aptly notes of us, taking ideas “from theory to experiment and beyond.”

Going beyond is what we do at the University of Waterloo, which makes IQC a perfect fit. Waterloo itself was founded on new ideas — commitment to co-operative education, world-class scholarship, and deep connection to industry that results in research and teaching that helps solve some of the most complicated global problems.

Waterloo recognizes that solutions to the greatest challenges of tomorrow rely on reaching across disciplines, institutions, industries and nations. They rely on world-class research, and on training a new generation of scientists.

Since its inception, IQC has embodied these goals and more. The Institute represents a unique collaborative effort among three Faculties at Waterloo — Engineering, Math and Science. The Institute is a magnet for many of the world’s best minds in quantum information science.

And among the best of the best is Raymond Laflamme. I would like to take this opportunity to commend and thank Raymond for his visionary leadership of the Institute as Founding Director and for his many contributions. From the beginning, he has played a vital role in making the Institute’s vision a reality.

The University of Waterloo and IQC are putting Canada on the map as we provide global leadership in the revolutionary field of quantum research and technology. The Institute is steadily increasing its complement of faculty, postdoctoral fellows, and students. And we are leading the way in the next great technological revolution — the quantum revolution.

As the pace of change is accelerating with every new discovery in quantum technologies, Waterloo has a front row seat for the high-speed journey ahead.

Feridun Hamdullahpur PRESIDENT AND VICE-CHANCELLOR University of Waterloo

62 The year in review: looking back, looking forward years OF DISCOVERY & INNOVATION