Autumn 2016 Issue

Autumn 2016 Vol. 51, No. 1 ONLINE aejmc.us/history INSIDE THIS ISSUE

AMONG THE MEDIA

Newsletter of the History Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Historians present research in Minneapolis Outgoing Division Head Kim Voss discusses her research on the Women and An excerpt of Prof. John M. Regional Coward’s book “Indians Illustrated: Journalism The Native American Image in the History panel. Pictorial Press” begins on Page 12. See more photos from the PF&R conference on pages Column I PAGES 3-4 17-18. Meeting Minutes Erika Pribanic-Smith | University of Texas at Arlington AEJMC I PAGES 5-6

NOTES FROM THE CHAIR Membership Column I PAGES 7, 16 Task force investigating options for Journalism History Media & Civil Rights Symposium As many of you know, I am editor of University, Fullerton, Call for papers I PAGE 8 Journalism History as well as chair of the with cheap paper and AEJMC History Division. And my serv- modest format. It Graduate Liason ing in both roles in 2016-17 is a perfect also had a powerful Column I PAGE 9 bit of serendipity. introductory essay As many of you know (I don’t hide it, by James W. Carey, Teaching Standards as there’s nothing to hide), I have stage “The Problem of Column I PAGES 10-11 IV renal cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy Journalism History,” Michael S. exhausts me and has many other unpleas- which has been cited Sweeney Membership ant side effects. So, a year ago, after having and made required Chair New archive initiative I PAGE 11 gone through some particularly difficult reading many, many Ohio University times, I started looking for someone to times. From Fullerton “Indians Illustrated” Book Excerpt I PAGES 12-14 take over editorship of the journal. the journal traveled to the University of Journalism History is an indepen- Nevada, Las Vegas. And in spring 2001, it News and Notes dent publication. Many academics have came to Pat Washburn at Ohio University, Roundup I PAGES 15-16 expressed surprise to me that the journal is where it has stayed and, I hope, thrived. not the research publication of the History When Pat retired in 2012, he wanted to AEJMC recap Division. Instead, it is a labor of love make a smooth hand-off to the next edi- Photo Gallery I PAGES 17-18 that has been passed from generation to tor, and he wanted the journal to stay in generation. Ohio’s E.W. Scripps School of Journalism. It began in 1974 at California State See Sweeney I Page 2 2 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Sweeney Continued from Page 1 AEJMC conference), and Willie Tubbs As a former student of Pat’s, I leaped at the because I wanted a young scholar with opportunity. I have edited the journal since recent graduate school experience. As I have the fall issue of 2012. a conflict of interest, my participation will I had planned to edit it for many years. be limited to providing information. Cancer threw a wrench into my plans. I Please feel free to send these committee can’t edit Journalism History indefinitely, members your thoughts. and even getting through this year might There are many good things about Jour- require me to call in some extraordinary nalism History being independent. First, it favors. My initial plan was to find a replace- can accept articles longer than the standard ment editor in a well-respected journalism 25 pages. I tell authors that if responding to historian who had full-professor status and reviewers causes their manuscript to grow taught at a university that would provide beyond the usual limit, then let it grow. at least a minimum of support to edit, Second, I can be flexible as needed with design, and mail the journal. But the more deadlines. Third, I can claim “fair use” with I thought about it, the more I became con- greater ease than a professional publisher. vinced of the advantages of another option. And fourth, I enjoy my job immensely. Thus, I have appointed an ad hoc task But there are many good things that force to investigate the plusses and minus- would happen if the journal were to step Third is that division sponsorship of es of having Journalism History become under the History Division’s protective um- the journal would raise the profile of both a publication of the AEJMC History brella and be printed by one of the many partners, I believe. Division. This task force will report to the academic houses. And finally, a corporate publisher would 2017 History Division business meeting in First is that no more manuscripts would be able to improve promotion of articles, Chicago. I have asked for a yes-no recom- get lost. Maybe two or three times during raising the number of downloads and mendation, backed by evidence, to present my four-year tenure, a manuscript arrived citations, which are measured by some to the division members for a vote. via email while I was on vacation. I marked P&T committees. Those clicks also bring The chair of this task force is Frank them electronically and left them in queue, in money, and Journalism History and Fee, whom I have always considered an expecting to send them to reviewers after our division, while not strapped for cash, impeccable historian – hey, he must be returning to my office, where I maintain would benefit from more income. smart because he wears a bow tie! – and a data sets on manuscripts and potential edi- One catch: I have divided loyalties, and good friend. I also wanted someone with tors. It pains me when, four or five months they come into play. I also am a member recent experience as chair of the History after forgetting such manuscripts, the of AJHA, where I served as president a Division, so I approached Kathy Forde, authors call and ask why the review process decade ago. I promised AJHA that if Jour- and she agreed to serve. For the final two is so long – and to have to tell them that, nalism History did acquire a corporate members, I chose Melita Garza because of um, the process hasn’t started. publisher, it would not be the same one her connection to Journalism History as Second is the advent of DOI’s, Digital that produces American Journalism. its books editor (and because she worked Object Identifiers. These are permanent, So, there you are. Any effort to bring with me through an initial exploration of stable web addresses for research articles. Journalism History into the AEJMC finding a professional publisher at the 2015 They are ubiquitous in the sciences and History Division would have to have are starting to make inroads into history. the cooperation of the journal editor, (American Journalism, the journal of the which I happily grant. It would have to “Thus, I have appointed American Journalism Historians Associa- be acceptable to the division’s officers and an ad hoc task force to tion, has its publisher assign DOI’s.) The members, whom I chair. And it would expectation is that journals without DOI’s have to happen soon, given my health. A investigate the plusses may become less desirable for authors well-timed confluence. and minuses of having seeking promotion and tenure. But while a I very much look forward to hearing Journalism History substantial publishing house, a corporation, what Frank, Kathy, Melita, and Willie can promise to maintain web addresses in have to say next year. become a publication perpetuity, a university school or depart- of the AEJMC History ment where individual historians come and Mike Sweeney Division.” go cannot make the same claim so easily. [email protected] 3 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA PF&R COLUMN Research Meets Recent Events: Harassment a Part of Women’s History in Broadcasting On Sept. 6, the parent compa- ny of Fox News announced it had agreed to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit by Gretchen Tracy Lucht Carlson for $20 PF&R Chair million and issued Iowa State a public apology University to the former “Fox and Friends” co-host. Carlson had accused Fox News CEO Roger Ailes of demanding sex, creating a hostile work environment and sabotaging her career Gretchen Carlson on the set of Fox & Friends with co-host Steve Doocy (right) and U.S. Air Force Space Commander General Kevin Chilton in 2006. after she would not submit to his advances. Following the accusations, News articles have treated the dis- “There is a culture where, not that you which also implicated her co-host criminatory environment at Fox News accept it, you just deal with it.” My Steve Doocy, six more women came as a major revelation, but it should not own research on women broadcasters forward with their own stories of Ailes’ have been surprising. In March, 11 supports this. The history of radio and sexism and predatory practices. In a male students at Ohio University were television at the local and national statement about the settlement with fired from campus station WOUB levels includes stories of overt discrim- Carlson, 21st Century Fox said: “We and the campus chapter of Associated ination, sophomoric harassment, and are proud that she was part of the Fox Press Sports Editors was disbanded overall hostility toward women who News team. We sincerely regret and after a report sent to the school’s deigned to take themselves and their apologize for the fact that Gretchen Office of Equity and Civil Rights journalism seriously. That was likely was not treated with the respect and Compliance indicated the men had why American Women in Radio and dignity that she and all of our col- created a “hostile and/or threatening Television (AWRT)—founded in leagues deserve.” environment for women.” Harass- 1951 after the National Association ment of women sports reporters is of Broadcasters disbanded its wom- especially common. In April, a video en’s division—took a leading role in “Women in of male sports fans reading aloud the a national campaign to stop sexual broadcasting and commentary directed at two women harassment in the workplace in the other forms of journalists went viral as the men visi- 1980s and 1990s. bly struggled to get out the degrading Women with public careers have journalism have and threatening words while sitting long experienced pushback from those been dealing face to face with the attacks’ targets. hostile to their presence in male-coded Women in broadcasting and spaces, and sexual harassment occurs with this kind other forms of journalism have been in all industries. Yet as a former print of treatment for dealing with this kind of treatment journalist now studying the history decades.” for decades. As a former Fox News of women in broadcasting, I suspect employee told The New York Times: See Lucht I Page 4 4 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Lucht Continued from Page 3 there is something more visceral in Among Lucht’s research subjects the treatment of women in broad- is Carole Custer, Iowa’s first TV casting. The subject of my first book, anchorwoman, syndicated financial journalist Sylvia who reported being harrassed Porter, was able to disguise herself by male with the byline S. F. Porter at the start colleagues. of her career. Women who wanted to AMONG THE MEDIA be mic’d up on radio or television did not have that luxury. Their journalism professionally oriented discipline. I Editor was corporal, requiring their voices have found it especially enlightening Erika Pribanic-Smith University of Texas at Arlington to be heard and/or their bodies to be to interview people who bridged the seen. They were professionally evalu- periods before and after the women’s ated not only on their writing, report- Design movement of the 1960s–1970s. Their Jason Boyd ing and intelligence, but also on their collective narratives draw a picture of Unaffiliated timbre, elocution and appearance. broadcast journalism as its profession- As part of my current research, al practices matured, its workforce Clio Logo a graduate assistant and I conduct- became more Nat Newsome ed in-depth diverse and Augusta State University interviews with “Are we doomed to the regulations Clio Among the Media women broad- governing it repeat our history even is published quarterly by casters who changed. Yet worked in the if we know its secrets?” the History Division of the the same por- Association for Education Midwest from trait shows that in Journalism and Mass the 1950s–1980s. We heard stories on an interpersonal level, the dynam- Communication. of jobs denied and dismissals threat- ic for women remained what it had ened, of dirty attempts to get wom- long been: “a culture where, not that Submissions to Clio are en to “break” on air, of degrading you accept it, you just deal with it.” welcome. General items such commentary and sexual advances, of Gretchen Carlson’s willingness as paper calls should be sent to Erika Pribanic-Smith at humiliating tirades and nasty messag- to speak publicly about what she [email protected]. es. We also heard stories of women’s endured makes visible an aspect of resilience, passion, professionalism, broadcasting history that has fought Send membership updates to courage, and sense of community. I to remain beneath the surface. Yet be included in “News & Notes” have found these stories to be a useful there is reason to hope for change. to Teri Finneman (finnemte@ context for understanding the re- Women and underrepresented gmail.com) or Will Mari (william. cent allegations made about Fox and groups have always found ways [email protected]) Friends, but I find it dispiriting that to exercise agency within cultures such unlawful, egregious behavior and structures that challenge them. Recent issues of Clio may be accessed at continues to look so familiar. Are we Perhaps the most successful profes- http://aejmc.us/history/clio/ doomed to repeat our history even if sionals will now feel freer to give we know its secrets? voice to the frustrations as well as the I bring up this convergence of achievements in their past. Another scholarship and national headlines glimmer, it occurs to me, is this: My because it serves as an example (as if historical research has yet to turn up we needed another one) of the value an apology like the one 21st Century of historical knowledge within a Fox made to Carlson. 5 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA History Division 2016 Business Meeting Minutes

Minutes of the 2016 Business Meeting year was as tough as ever, but the judges Henry R. Luce and the Commission on AEJMC History Division were unanimous. The winner received a Freedom of the Press.” The author of the Minneapolis $500 prize and a plaque. top student paper was Rich Shumate In his stimulating talk about his book, (University of Florida), “Framing Barry Outgoing division head Kimberly Voss Dunaway described the way iconic media Goldwater: The Extreme Reaction to his (Central Florida) called the meeting to images of environmentalism become 1964 ‘Extremism’ Speech.” order at 12:15 p.m. on Aug. 6. The earlier naturalized within a cultural frame. Second place papers were both by a time, compared to previous years, seemed Specifically, two themes emerged since student-faculty pair. The first author agreeable to those present. the first Earth Day in 1970: universal named in such pairs determined which Voss reported the division had 291 vulnerability (e.g., mothers and babies category the paper fell into. The second members, virtually the same as last year, wearing gas masks) and universal place faculty paper was on gender and although the number may rise with responsibility (e.g., the “Crying Indian”). agency among Midwestern women updated information. Such images raised awareness, but they broadcasters, by Tracy Lucht and Kelsey The minutes from last year’s business also obscured the unequal impact of Batschelet (Iowa State), and the second meeting as reported in the Fall 2015 environmental degradation as well as place student paper was on the 1917 CLIO were accepted. the culpability of corporations. For his espionage conviction of Kansas City editor next book, Dunaway is shifting scale to Jacob Frohwerk, by Ken Ward and Aimee Book Award: The winner this year the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and Edmondson (Ohio University). was Finis Dunaway, a professor of looking at non-iconic images, he said. Third-place paper awards went to Kevin American Studies at Trent University in Grieves (faculty; Whitworth) and Denitsa Ontario, Canada, for his book “Seeing Covert Award: The award is given Yotova (student; University of Maryland, Green: The Use and Abuse of American for the best published article or essay College Park). Environmental Images.” Book Award on mass media history. Out of seven chair John Ferré (Louisville) described the nominations, the winner was Richard B. AEJMC Trailblazers of Diversity Oral pleasure he took in mailing 20 qualified Kielbowicz (University of Washington) History Project: Melita Garza of Texas books to the judges: Fred Blevens (Florida for “Regulating Timeliness: Technologies, Christian announced that Trailblazers of International), Kathy Roberts Forde Laws, and the News, 1840–1970” Diversity was seeking more interviewers (Massachusetts-Amherst), and Linda (Journalism & Communication and interviewees. This is a growing Steiner (Maryland). The competition this Monographs, March 2015). Kielbowicz, collection of videotaped interviews with who was unable to attend the conference, key individuals who helped advance donated his cash award back to the diversity in journalism’s practice, division. education, and research.

Conference Papers: Research chair Mike New Business: For the future annual Sweeney (Ohio University) reported that conferences in Chicago (2017) and out of 53 papers submitted to the division, Washington D.C. (2018), the Council of eight were disqualified, seven of those for Divisions is moving up the pre-conference containing information that identified the to Tuesday. This will free up Sunday to authors. To reduce the likelihood of this in be a true travel day. Voss noted that the the future, he suggested that the research division chair is in charge of organizing chair take an extra day after submission field trips, which was impossible for her deadline to scrub the papers of inadvertent to do this year because of her distance author identification. from and unfamiliarity with Minneapolis. The acceptance rate was 49 percent, Future chairs will be looking for with 26 papers accepted for presentations. volunteers local to the convention cities to Each paper was judged by three reviewers. help with this. The top faculty paper was from Stephen The AEJMC asked the division to Erika Pribanic-Smith | University of Texas at Arlington Bates (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), vote on a preference for the conference John Ferré (right) presents the Book Award “‘Is This the Best Philosophy Can Do?’ to Finis Dunaway. See Minutes I Page 6 6 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Minutes Continued from Page 5 location in 2020 among three sites that had submitted bids and prices: Phoenix, San Diego, and San Francisco. Kim said 2016-2017 members were told not to vote based History Division on hotel costs, but those prices could be shared. The range was from $110 a night Leadership for the site outside Phoenix to $265 in San Francisco. Head/Program Chair Garza spoke out strongly against Michael Sweeney, Ohio University Phoenix on account of Arizona’s aggressive Vice Head/Research Chair anti-immigration laws, prompting Doug Underwood, Washington and a discussion of why AEJMC would Lee University even consider that location, given the discriminatory policies. The heat in Secretary/Newsletter Editor Erika Pribanic-Smith, University of August was another negative for Phoenix. Texas at Arlington San Diego easily won with 28 votes, Doug Cumming | Washington & Lee versus five for San Francisco and zero for Kimberly Voss (left) turned division Teaching Standards Chair Phoenix. Every division had been asked to head duties over to Mike Sweeney at the Kristin Gustafson, University of division’s annual member meeting. Washington-Bothell weigh in with a vote. on this to the division at next year’s PF&R Chair New Leadership Team: Before stepping convention. Sweeney describes the plan Tracy Lucht, Iowa State University down, Voss welcomed the new and in his column in this issue of CLIO. (See Membership Chairs continuing officers for the year. (See pages 1-2.) Teri Finneman, South Dakota State sidebar.) One likely outcome of transferring the University journal to an academic publisher is that Will Mari, Northwest University Mike Sweeney’s address: Sweeney, dues could go up, he said. This prompted Graduate Student Liaisons incoming head of the division, cited a discussion of whether it is high time Robert Greene II, University of South his many years on the copy desk of the we raise the current division dues of $10. Carolina Fort Worth Star-Telegram to explain (Subscriptions to JH currently cost $30 a Samantha Peko, Ohio University why he favored “plain English” for what year, $20 for students.) Book Award Chair he had to say: he has cancer and has John Ferré, University of Louisville been undergoing chemo. This led to an Upcoming: Division-related events later eloquent introduction to two important in the day were mentioned: a PF&R panel Covert Award Chair announcements, each a consequence of on “Journo Flicks,” co-sponsored by the Nancy Roberts, University at Albany- his health situation. One was that there is division, and our social, with the Graduate SUNY a chance he might not be in Chicago for Student Interest Group, on Nicollet Mall Joint Journalism & the 2017 convention, “for one reason or from 8-10 p.m. Communication History another.” If that happens, he said, we are Members made announcements Convention Co-Coordinator in good hands with the current vice chair regarding the biennial Media & Civil Nicholas Hirshon, William Paterson and secretary. Rights History Symposium at the University The second announcement was that University of South Carolina and Media AEJMC Southeast he has decided that Journalism History, History Engagement Week. Colloquium History Division which he has edited since 2012, needs a Voss noted that student scholarship Research Chair new editor and that he has decided that checks for attending the conference will Melita Garza, Texas Christian it also needs a new home. To that end, be going out soon. Some who had won a University he has appointed a task force, headed by scholarship didn’t come, so those checks of Website Administrator Frank Fee, to explore the possibility of course return to the division. Keith Greenwood, University of making Journalism History an official Missouri publication of the History Division. The Respectfully submitted, task force will present a recommendation Doug Cumming, 2015-2016 Secretary 7 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA MEMBERSHIP COLUMN Member Spotlight: Jane Marcellus NOTE: The History Division’s Member Spotlight, facilitated by the membership committee, will feature short profiles of outstanding scholars who lead our division with their teaching and research. It will build on our successful Generations of Scholars series from last year. Please enjoy this inaugural profile of Dr. Jane Marcellus. istory mat- ters,” says Dr. Jane HMarcellus, a professor in the School of Journalism at Mid- dle Tennessee State University (MTSU). Will Mari “It’s easy for histo- Membership ry to be overlooked Co-Chair or even discounted Northwest Mike Sweeney | Ohio University University Jane Marcellus (right) and two of her co-authors, (from left) Kimberly Wilmot Voss and Tracy in a field that focus- Lucht, signed their book “Mad Men and Working Women” at the 2014 AEJMC convention. es on the spectacle of innovation,” she says. As media Marcellus has earned praise from She also likes to get her students to do scholars who look at change over time, non-scholars and researchers alike for hands-on history. however, “we offer a perspective that her work, including a plug in Teen For example, MTSU has an 18th-cen- takes a broader view.” Vogue for her book’s “epic reading tury printing press and a resident Marcellus, who earned her Ph.D. list.” expert on early American print culture at the University of Oregon, exam- As she describes it, “At first I saw who can show students how it works. ines representations of women news Mad Men as a fun detour, although “Actually seeing and touching a press workers, especially from the 1920s and what I’ve written fits broadly into my from this era helps students under- 1930s. research agenda on representation of stand making words as a physical activ- In the past few years, she’s also employed women. Now, however, two ity,” she says. “You literally got your organized a panel on the AMC TV of the other co-conveners and I are hands dirty doing it. Now, I think, we series “Mad Men” at AEJMC, a whole working on an edited collection of the experience words as light on a screen conference last May on the topic at best work from the conference, so who unless we print it out. Students are cut MTSU (“Mad Men: The Conference”) knows where it will go?” off from the physicality of words. I try and co-authored a monograph on the With her teaching work, Marcellus to open their eyes to that.” show (“Mad Men and Working Wom- enjoys working with her students Among her mentors, she names en: Feminist Perspectives on Historical in the upper-division media history Carolyn Kitch, chair of the journalism Power, Resistance, and Otherness,” Pe- course at MTSU. She assigns an eth- department at Temple University, as ter Lang, 2014) with Erika Engstrom, nographic research project that encour- being “incredibly encouraging and Tracy Lucht, and Kimberly Wilmot ages them to develop the skills needed helpful when I was getting started. I Voss. to find and analyze primary sources. used her work as a model early on. I like it because she’s such a clear, unpre- tentious thinker and writer.” “Actually seeing and touching a press from Marcellus has some advice to those this era helps students understand making finishing doctorates and searching for—and starting—new academic jobs. words as a physical activity.” See Mari I Page 16 8 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA CALL FOR PAPERS Media & Civil Rights History Symposium

Submissions due Dec. 15 for Media & Civil Rights History Symposium and Farrar Award in Media & Farrar Award Civil Rights History The School of Journalism and Mass Communications at the University of rights and particularly on the Sym- The Ronald T. and Gayla D. Farrar South Carolina invites submissions posium theme. Coordinators also Award in Media & Civil Rights History for the fourth biennial Media & Civil encourage abstract submissions for recognizes the best journal article or Rights History Symposium. The Sym- work in other formats, including chapter in an edited collection on the posium will be March 30-April 1, documentaries. historical relationship between the media 2017, at the Columbia, South Caroli- Paper and panel abstract submis- and civil rights. na campus. sions can be made online at the 2017 The Farrar Award is presented in honor Held during the full bloom of the Media & Civil Rights History of Ronald T. and Gayla D. Farrar. Dr. South Carolina spring, the event Symposium webpage. Submissions Farrar is Professor Emeritus of the School brings together civil rights and media must be received by 11:59 p.m. EST of Journalism and Mass Communica- historians to share historical knowl- on Dec. 15. tions. Recipients of the award receive a edge on the vital relationships be- plaque and $1,000. The winner agrees Keynote Presenter: Stanley Nelson tween civil rights and various types of to present his or her work in a featured Jr. public communication. The Sympo- address at the 2017 Media & Civil sium welcomes scholars from various Stanley Rights History Symposium. disciplines and work that approaches Nelson Jr. is civil rights and media history from a MacArthur Call for Nominees a range of local, national and trans- “genius grant” fellow and civil Submitted articles or chapters should be national contexts, perspectives, and works of historical scholarship and must periods. rights docu- mentary film- have been published in 2015 or 2016. The 2017 Symposium will take place Submissions that address the media and in the center of campus, at a historic, maker of the triple Emmy Stanley Nelson Jr. civil rights from a range of local, national renovated building with state-of-the- and transnational contexts, periods and art digital presentation technology. Award-winning “Freedom Riders” (2011), “The Black perspectives are encouraged. Scholars may nominate and submit 2017 Symposium Theme Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolu- tion” (2015), and “The Black Press: their own work or the work of others. A The special focus of the 2017 Media national panel of experts will judge the & Civil Rights History Symposium is Soldiers without Swords” (1998), among others. contest. on the role of print and broadcast im- Articles/chapters to be considered ages in the African American freedom Nelson will discuss and show ex- cerpts of his work at the opening should be sent as a PDF file to contest struggle and other civil rights strug- chairman Kenneth Campbell at ken- gles. While the Symposium welcomes reception Thursday evening and the Friday noon keynote session. He will [email protected] by Dec. 15. Late work that falls beyond the scope of submissions will not be considered. the theme, scholars working in and also speak at a public session Friday evening in the historic Booker T. with visual images are encouraged to Farrar Award Contact consider this theme as they prepare Washington High School auditorium For more information about the Farrar work to submit to the Symposium. in Columbia. Award in Media & Civil Rights History, Call for Paper and Panel Proposals Symposium Contact contact Kenneth Campbell, kencamp@ mailbox.sc.edu, School of Journalism Symposium coordinators currently For more information about the and Mass Communications, 800 Sumter are accepting abstract proposals for Symposium, please contact Christo- Street, Columbia, SC 29208. individual papers and panel sessions pher Frear, director, frearc@email. on all aspects of the historical rela- sc.edu, School of Journalism and tionship between media and civil Mass Communications, 800 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208. 9 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

GRAD STUDENTS Stunt girl research fills gap in knowledge about women journalists As the co-gradu- At the recent AEJMC ate liaison for the convention in History Division, Minneapolis, Samantha Peko I hope to use this presented opportunity to research on Ada Patterson, connect with fellow pictured here journalism histori- reporting on the ans. As a first-year Samantha 1905 Vanderbilt Peko Cup with driver Ph.D. student at Joe Tracy. Co-Graduate Ohio University, Student Liason I have just started Ohio University teaching, in addition to exploring areas of research that could be developed into a dissertation. I am excited to learn more about the different areas of research pursued by those within AEJMC’s journalism history community. Thus far, my area of research has been “stunt girl” journalism. Stunt girl journalism was popular in the late 1880s and 1890s and is said to be a movement prompted by Nelly Bly’s success. I became interested in writing about “stunt girls” after my “Prior to stunt girl journalism, advisor and mentor, Dr. Michael Sweeney, mentioned that there was many women journalists working for little written about them. Common- newspapers were confined to writing for ly referred to as Bly’s competitors, historical mentions do not appear to the women’s pages.” give much recognition to stunt girls as individuals. quick to hire their own versions of cord for early women journalists who Prior to stunt girl journalism, Bly. Stunt girl journalism opened the broke barriers with their reporting. many women journalists working for doors for many women reporters. Outside of research, I also hope to newspapers were confined to writing Women reporters transitioned from learn more about the ways journalism for the women’s pages. They wrote being a novelty to a welcome addi- historians can incorporate historical about food, fashion, and culture. But tion to the newsrooms. research into the classroom to pro- change was on the horizon. In 1887, Today, many of their legacies may vide a better understanding of the Nellie Bly made headlines with her have been lost. However, the stunt profession today. To connect the past, stunt girl reporting, such as posing as girl story of struggling to promote present, and future is a difficult task. insane to expose corrupt treatment of oneself despite the odds still can reso- However, this is a task I look forward patients in mental asylums. nate today. My research is an attempt to embracing as I embark on a career Papers around the country were to help fill a gap in the historical re- sharing journalism history. 10 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA TEACHING STANDARDS Students learn about author subjectivity through memoir writing

hen her own first-person account as a black Natalie female New York Daily News staff writer, Byfield Byfield argued how coverage of the attack setW out to write bolstered efforts nationally to try juveniles “Savage Portrayals: as adults. Race, Media, and the “I take the period of my life and my Central Park Jogger experience as a journalist covering the sto- Story,” she needed Kristin L. ry and treat it as ethnographic data,” said Gustafson to justify how she Byfield, who is an associate professor in Teaching Chair examined the race, the Department of Sociology & Anthro- Natalie Byfield has earned national University of recognition for her successful use of class, and gender bias pology at St. John’s University in Queens, Washington- memoir to demonstrate subjectivity in her in media coverage of New York. sociology class. Bothell the crime and prose- This attention to subjectivity is now cution. central to her teaching. Byfield began camera shot or describe the setting. The 1989 Central Park case received using memoirs in 2009 to help students But unless the story’s focus is on home extended national and international think about their subjectivity as writers organization, details like “messy” or attention. Many news stories described the and as researchers. Students learn in her “disorganized” can get inserted into the rape and beating of a white female jogger Introduction to Sociology class about the story unnoticed because these stereotypes as “wilding.” The term was coined to institutions that shape their experiences of low-income people are normalized and characterize episodes of poor and minority and choices of what they research and reinforced in society, Byfield explained. young people roaming streets ready to write about. “I’m not convinced journalists or so- cause problems. “Forcing an awareness of how their ciologists consciously gather these details,” Donald Trump fanned public opinion subjective lens was developed is the goal,” Byfield said. when he took out full-page advertisements said Byfield. Memoir writing provides an interven- that called for the death penalty and Awareness is important to the study tion. It focuses awareness on this subjec- referred to the teenagers as “roving bands of history and understanding how mass tive position and pays attention to how of wild criminals.” communication platforms developed, she stories get told. Five African American and Latino said. If students can become aware that the boys were pressured to plead guilty and She explained that students and subjective position is constructed, Byfield wrongfully convicted. They were later journalists enter and describe scenes they explained, then students can interrogate it. exonerated after serving prison sentences encounter using information gained Her students learn to ask: Why is this and won a multi-million-dollar settlement before that experience. For example, when question pertinent for this story? with New York City. we enter homes of low-income people for The American Sociology Association “Getting the truth to emerge is often- a story, it is necessary for us to see the or- identified Byfield’s success with the teach- times a difficult thing,” Byfield said in a ganization of the home in order to frame a ing method and awarded her its Carla B. later discussion of the reporting. Howery Teaching Enhancement Grant Coverage was intense and confusing, in 2011. In her grant application, Byfield she said. paraphrased C. Wright Mills in “The So- “The quickness with which the main- “Forcing an ciological Imagination” (1959) to explain stream leaders were willing to call these awareness of how her rationale: “an individual can fully children animals, because this really was understand their experience only when the the language, was a throwback to tradi- their subjective lens person locates themselves in their histor- tional racism,” she added. was developed is the ical period and becomes aware of others Using a media content analysis and who share similar circumstances in life.” goal,” said Byfield. See Gustafson I Page 11 11 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

Gustafson Continued from Page 10 The grant came with $2,000 to study Byfield calls “a page-one moment”: As journalism educators and the course and its impact on teaching In one or two double-spaced, typewrit- media historians, we have sociology. Byfield is in the process of pub- ten pages, tell a stranger /reader about a excellent classroom practices lishing that scholarship. moment in your life that helped to shape and curriculum designs to share In Byfield’s class, students work on their you into the person you are today. In telling with one another. As teaching memoirs the entire semester. She uses about this moment, be sure not to “flood” chair, I continue to invite you writing groups with peer review. Once the reader with too many details. Select to share your best practices a week one group presents to the whole details that will help the reader to care that encourage pedagogies class. Alongside the memoirs, students about the people you have introduced in of diversity, collaboration, write three reflection essays that help them that decisive moment in your life. Also, tell community, and justice. Send develop their awareness, integrate class the reader just enough that he/she will want them to me at [email protected]. readings, and bring life experiences into to continue reading. their texts. The approach is based on Erika Duncan’s nings” to the class, and the class discusses History is central to the course and to structured memoir writing process. Writers each of them by examining the social the writing. Students gather information construct the “stranger/reader,” Byfield structures, institutions, and historical con- about the moments in time they write explained, which is a person we write for in text that made a difference in the person’s about and “that becomes part of the order to build or highlight bridges between life. context of what shaped their perspective,” people. “Students are then guided to tease out she said. “Students are encouraged to write in from their memories other such import- Byfield described St. John’s University such a way that the reader can walk in their ant/formative moments in their lives,” as racially, internationally, and ethnically shoes, see what they see, feel what they Byfield wrote. diverse. The memoirs surfaced details feel,” said Byfield, who encountered the The students continue to read one an- relevant to the students’ diversity. approach when documenting the Herstory other’s memoirs throughout the semester. “It brings these other windows of the Writer’s Workshop organization, which At the end of one semester, a student world into the classroom,” she said. Duncan founded. told Byfield, “I don’t even read Facebook Students begin their memoirs with what Students present each of their “begin- anymore. I just go to the memoirs.”

New archive initiative planned to benefit History Division members Next summer, I ly document to assist our archive digging Archive Name: hope to visit the Na- members. Archive City: tional Archives to do We have created a template that mem- Your name: some research. How- bers can fill in (at right). Even if you cannot Your email: ever, I found myself fill in all of the blanks, whatever informa- Link to archive website: overwhelmed about tion you can provide will be useful. Link to finding aids: how to even begin. To ease this process, we will send out Collection strengths: So when I saw Teri Finneman an email across the listserv with a link to Advice on where to stay: Michael Fuhlhage Membership a GoogleDoc for you to directly type in Appointment needed before arrival? posting on Facebook Co-Chair responses. As an alternative, we will also Staffing info/tips: about his own archives South Dakota include the categories directly in the email Cameras allowed? work there, I asked State so that you can fill them in and reply by Is there a charge for using a camera? him to give me some email. Cellphones allowed? tips. From there, we agreed that this would By using a GoogleDoc, we will be able to Is there a charge for using cellphone? be a great membership initiative. insert new information on a constant basis, Photocopy costs: Our goal is to create a working guide of so please keep this in mind as you do new Lockers info (location, charge): archive visit wisdom. We invite you all to archival work in the future. General advice for visiting this archive: share your tips for working in particular We hope that you will take some time to archives so that we can create a user-friend- contribute to this valuable member service. 12 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA BOOK EXCERPT From the Introduction to “Indians Illustrated: The Native American Image in the Pictorial Press” y book argues that Indian unsullied by the evils of the civilized illustrations were an im- world. On other occasions, they could portant source of visual be represented as treacherous and Minformation about Indians and Indian bloodthirsty savages, primitive people life in the second half of the nine- on the wrong side of history and a teenth century, pictures influential menace to civilized, honest, God-fear- enough that trac- ing whites. In es of these images still other cases, can be found in “For decades— Native Amer- American popular centuries, actually— icans could be culture to this ridiculed or day. Indeed, I American Indians praised in pic- argue that these tures and words pictures—along have been victims of that reflected a with news stories, the Euro-American superficial and editorials, adver- sometimes con- tisements, dime racial imagination. ” tradictory set of John M. Coward novels, popular ideas about their University of Tulsa entertainment and the like—helped virtues and deficiencies as a race. By create and sustain a host of popular describing and analyzing the various ideas and attitudes about Indians, themes and visual tropes across the especially ideas about the way Indians years of the illustrated press, I attempt are supposed to look and act. Indian to provide a deeper understanding of illustrations in the pictorial press, I the racial codes and visual signs that maintain, were part of the social and white Americans used to represent Na- cultural machinery that produced and tive Americans in the era of western reinforced an enduring set of Indian expansion and Manifest Destiny. stereotypes and visual tropes in the American popular imagination, rein- Visualizing the Indian “Other” forcing the ways that white Americans understood Native Americans and or decades—centuries, actu- their place in U.S. society. I argue that ally—American Indians have these pictures were a significant part been victims of the Euro-Amer- of this meaning-making process be- Fican racial imagination. In popular cause they frequently depicted Indians culture and the mass media, Indians and Indian life in popular but narrow- have been portrayed by a set of racial ly conceived ways. stereotypes and visual clichés, forces “Indians Illustrated: The In pictures, that is, Indians could so powerful that they have shaped Native American Image be—and were—simplified and pre- ideas about Indians and their lives in the Pictorial Press” sented in a number of familiar and for generations of white Americans. (University of Illinois easily understood categories, usually As the historian Robert Berkhofer Press, 2016) as a variation on the “good” Indi- put it in his now-classic 1978 study an/“bad” Indian stereotypes long “The White Man’s Indian”: “Native Visit the book website established in Euro-American culture. Americans were and are real, but the When the occasion presented itself, Indian was a White invention and still Indians could be pictured as Noble remains largely a White image, if not Savages, proud, brave, strong and See Coward I Page 13 13 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA Coward Continued from Page 12

Frederic Remington’s 1887 Harper’s Weekly illustration “The Turbulent Crows” emphasized Indian violence, despite the fact that the Crows were long-time allies of the army. stereotype” [ital- “the mainte- ics in original]. “In short, American Indians were almost nance of society In recent always perceived as outsiders, a category of in time” and, years Native importantly, as Americans have people different from ‘normal’ Americans.” the “represen- become increas- definite expectations of what Indians tation of shared ingly vocal in identifying and pushing should look like.” Indian men are “tall beliefs.” The news, that is, does some- back against Indian stereotype in and copper-colored, with braided hair, thing more than convey information words and pictures. Writing about the clothed in buckskin, and moccasins, or facts; it allows for the construction representation of Indian soldiers and and adorned in headdresses, beadwork of community and common under- sailors in World War II, for example, and/or turquoise.” Indian women, standings, the underlying beliefs that Ojibwe scholar Selene Phillips pin- Mihesuah continued, are beautiful hold a society together and shape its pointed the problem: “After centu- and exotic, like Disney’s version of ideology. Following this view, the act ries in which the word ‘Indian’ has Pocahontas, who “sings with the forest of reading a newspaper—and viewing been part of our written and spoken animals” and is “blessed with a Barbie its images—works in ways that ritually languages, it is almost impossible to doll figure.” The major purpose of reassure the reader, who is participat- encounter the word without envision- this book is to describe and analyze ing, Carey writes, in “a situation…in ing specific mental images.” Devon these images in the illustrated press which a particular view of the world is Mihesuah, a Choctaw scholar, framed and to explain their origins and mean- portrayed and confirmed.” the problem this way: “No other ings in American popular culture. Applying Carey’s approach to In- ethnic group in the United States At the foundational level, this study dian imagery in the illustrated press, has endured greater and more varied builds on the cultural approach to I argue that these representations distortions of its cultural identity than communication, an idea advanced by helped sustain and reinforce a number American Indians.” the late communication scholar James of powerful ideas and beliefs about In- In addition, Mihesuah noted, most Carey. The cultural approach looks dians and Indian life in the last half of Americans—indeed, most people at communication not simply as the the nineteenth century. Indian images around the globe—“appear to have transmission of information, but as See Coward I Page 14 14 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA

Coward Continued from Page 13 in the pictorial press were products In the case of Indians, this of the racial and cultural ideology of news-making process was not neutral Notes nineteenth-century Euro-American or objective but ethnocentric and life and these images functioned in culturally determined, shaped by the i ways that confirmed a set of ideas standards and values of Euro-Ameri- Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., “The about what it meant to be an Ameri- can life. Thus Indian illustrations, as White Man's Indian: Images can—that is, a white American—and well as the captions and stories that of the American Indian from what it meant to be an outsider, an explained them, were circumscribed Columbus to the Present.” New Indian “other.” by the fact that Native Americans York: Random House, 1978, 3.

The ideas and beliefs embedded were routinely identified as racially ii in the illustrated press, then, were and culturally different, a category Selene G. Phillips, "'Indians on manifestations of an ideology that of uncivilized people who could be Our Warpath:' World War II Im- was largely Anglo-American, Prot- visually distinguished from “normal” ages of American Indians in Life estant and capitalist, categories that Euro-Americans. In other words, In- Magazine, 1937-1949," in Meta automatically set Native Americans dian representations in the illustrated G. Carstarphen and John P. San- apart from the cultural mainstream press were always subject to specific chez (eds.), “American Indians of nineteenth-century American life. cultural, sociological and journalistic and the Mass Media.” Norman: In short, American Indians were practices as an inevitable part of the University of Oklahoma Press, almost always perceived as outsiders, process of making illustrated news. 2012, 34. a category of people different from This sociological view of news iii “normal” Americans. This position production, along with Carey’s cul- Devon A. Mihesuah, “American ensured that they would be repre- tural approach, provides a basis for Indians: Stereotypes & Realities.” sented in the illustrated press most an examination of Indian images at Atlanta: Clarity Press, 1996, 9. often in ways that simplified and a broad ideological level, as illustra- iv accentuated those differences. Even tions that—whatever else they may Mihesuah, 10. when Indians and Indian cultures communicate—represent a number v were represented more or less accu- of deeply seated, ethnocentric ideas James W. Carey, “Communica- rately or sympathetically, the images about the nature of Indians and their tion as Culture: Essays on Media in the pictorial press functioned in meaning in the American experience. and Society.” Boston: Unwin ways that maintained racial bound- Hyman, 1989, 18. aries and emphasized cultural differ- Copyright 2016 by the Board of Trust- vi ences. ees of the University of Illinois. Used Carey, 20.

In a similar way, my analysis with permission of the University of vii treats Indian representations in the Illinois Press. Michael Schudson, “The So- pictorial press as constructed arti- ciology of News” (2nd ed.), New facts—“something people make,” York: Norton, 2011, xvii. in the words of media historian John M. Coward is an associate viii and sociologist Michael Schudson. professor of communication at the Schudson, xiv.

Journalists make the news, Schudson University of Tulsa and former chair ix writes, through a complex process of the History Division of AEJMC. Juan Gonzalez and Joseph “of selecting, highlighting, fram- Coward’s research on Native American Torres, “News for All the People: ing, shading and shaping what they representations has been published in The Epic Story of Race and report.” More often than not, these Journalism & Mass Communication the American Media.” London: journalistic choices work in ways Quarterly, Visual Communication Verso, 2011, 3. Also see John that support mainstream society and Quarterly, Journalism History, and M. Coward, “The Newspa- the status quo, marginalizing mi- American Journalism. He is the per Indian: Native American norities and outsiders as “an array of author of “The Newspaper Indian: Identity in the Press, 1820-90.” backward and violent non-white peo- Native American Identity in the Press, Urbana: University of Illinois ples,” in the words of press historians 1820-90” (Illinois, 1999). He can be Press, 1999, 19. Juan Gonzalez and Joseph Torres. reached at [email protected]. 15 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA NEWS AND NOTES Books, Awards, and Events Membership Co-Chairs Welcome to our “News & Notes” section. Here you will find updates Teri Finneman South Dakota State University on our History Division’s members. Please share the news—Updates, Publications, Awards, Promotions, and Top Papers—that you find here. Will Mari Northwest University

Publications Drawing on the content of his latest book, “1995: The Year Sheila Webb’s article, “Radical the Future Began” (University of Portrayals: Dickey Chapelle on the California Press, 2015), W. Joseph Front Lines,” was published in the Campbell wrote op-eds for the fall issue of American Periodicals. Baltimore Sun over the summer Webb’s article on photojournalist discussing the enduring cultural Chapelle is part of a special issue fascination with the O.J. Simpson devoted to war and periodicals. double-murder trial and the fading Wiley released “A Companion popular memories of Netscape, a to First Ladies” in May 2016. This prominent force of the early web. volume explores more than two Campbell writes two blogs, Media centuries of literature on the first Myth Alert and The 1995 Blog. ladies, from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama, providing the first Conferences/Meetings historiographical overview of these important women in U.S. history. Loren Ghiglione participated in The book features chapters written an August meeting at the American Maurine by division members “A Companion to First Ladies,” featuring Academy of Arts and Sciences on Beasley, Lisa Burns, and Teri chapters from Maurine Beasley, Lisa Burns and Teri Finneman. Native Americans in academia. Finneman. He chairs Northwestern’s Native American and Indigenous Peoples In Memoriam Steering Group and is a guest editor of a 2018 issue of Daedalus, the Dr. Beverly G. Merrick, a published poet Academy’s quarterly journal, about and former professor of journalism and mass the obstacles and opportunities communication, died in July at Kearney, faced by Native Americans. Nebraska, where she had been active in developing a cultural center in a block Jobs and Promotions of historic buildings. Dr. Merrick, whose academic interests included the history of Nicholas Hirshon started a women in journalism, served as chair of tenure-track position as an assistant the department of mass communication at professor in the Communication the United Arab Emirates University from Department at William Paterson 2007-2009. Previously she held academic University in Wayne, New appointments at the University of Nebraska- Jersey, in September. In August, Kearney, New Mexico State University and Beverly G. Merrick he successfully defended his Grigol Robakidze University in Republic dissertation under the guidance of of Georgia (as a Fulbright Freedom of the Dr. Marilyn Greenwald in the E.W. Press professor). She received a Ph.D. in 1989 from Ohio University, where Scripps School of Journalism at she also was awarded a master’s degree and a certificate in women’s studies. In Ohio University. addition, she held master’s and bachelor’s degrees from Marshall University. See News and Notes I Page 16 16 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA News and Notes Continued from Page 16

Awards Faculty Program provides teaching tours, exhibitions, and archeological and professional development field trips: www.sarweb.org. Victor Pickard won the opportunities for recent MU Frank Luther Mott-Kappa doctoral graduates. Earnest Perry, Tau Alpha Journalism & Mass associate professor and associate Communication Research Award dean of the Missouri School of for the best book published in Journalism, will serve as Hunt’s 2015 for “America’s Battle for mentor. Media Democracy: The Triumph Meg Lamme was recently of Corporate Libertarianism and appointed to the board of directors the Future of Media” (Cambridge of The School for Advanced University Press). Pickard places Research (SAR), Santa Fe. SAR has media ownership and practice, net supported innovative social science neutrality and other current issues research and Native American into the larger historical context of artistic creativity for more than a previous reform efforts. century, funding more than 350 Paula Hunt received a Preparing scholars and artists, including six Future Faculty Postdoctoral MacArthur Fellows and eighteen Fellowship at the University of Guggenheim Fellows. Working from Missouri, where she will teach the its historic campus, the El Delirio History of American Journalism estate bequeathed by the daughters and a graduate-level Mass Media Victor Pickard’s “America’s Battle for Media of American journalist Horace Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Seminar. The Preparing Future White, SAR also sponsors lectures, Libertarianism and the Future of Media.”

Mark your syllabi Mari Continued from Page 7 for Media History “It’s helpful if you can ride the wave says it’s critical to pursue what you’re of energy you hopefully feel coming curious about. Engagement Week out of grad school and use it to get “Obviously you have to meet the some work published,” she says. expectations of the school that will Media History Engagement Week is “It’s a lot to ex- tenure you, but slated for April 3-7, 2017. The week pect of yourself “Obviously you have to mostly, do what is an opportunity to get students, to move to a new meet the expectations of you love. I don’t media historians, and industry mem- environment and see the point, oth- bers to promote the importance of start projects the school that will tenure erwise.” media history. from scratch,” you, but mostly, do what For more on In 2016, participants from 20 she adds. “It’s you love. I don’t see the Marcellus and her states and six countries took part easier, I think, if point, otherwise.” research and teach- in the #headlinesinhistory Twitter you can build on ing work, visit her discussion. More details will come the research agenda you’ve started and web page at http://www.janemar- in future newsletters, but plan now keep working on that. In addition to cellus.com/. to take part in the 2017 event. revising my dissertation and looking If you have ideas for our next Member Contact Membership Co-Chairs Teri for a book publisher, I got out old Spotlight, or would like to volunteer Finneman at finnemte@gmail. class papers—stuff that really was to be spotlighted, please send a note to com or Will Mari at william. only the draft I’d done for class—and Will Mari, membership co-chair, at [email protected] with ques- revised.” [email protected]. tions. At the end of the day, however, she 17 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA AEJMC Minneapolis 2016 embers of the History Division convened at the Hilton Minneapo- Mlis Aug. 4-7 for the AEJMC 99th Annual Convention. The division had three panels, three tra- ditional research paper sessions, a Scholar-to-Scholar (poster) session, and a high-density research session, in which 10 presenters gave brief presentations and then mingled with session at- tendees to discuss their work. To cap the convention, the division co-sponsored a mixer at a local pub with the Graduate Student Interest Group. Several members also presented work in other AE- JMC divisions. Photos by Erika Pribanic-Smith Stephen Bates receives the top faculty paper award from incoming Division Head Mike Sweeney.

Rich Shumate presents the division’s top student paper.

Ken Ward received second place student paper honors History Division member David Abrahamson introduces Kevin Lerner discusses his work with Keith for the submission he panelists at an International Association for Literary Greenwood during the high-density research co-authored with Aimee Journalism Studies session. session. Edmondson. 18 I AUTUMN 2016 CLIO: AMONG THE MEDIA AEJMC Continued from Page 18 Historians congregate at the Scholar- to-Scholar session.

Aimee Edmondson and incoming 2nd Vice Head Erika Pribanic-Smith enjoy the History/Graduate Student mixer at a pub near the convention hotel.

Dan Haygood shares his research in the Scholar-to-Scholar session.

Bill Huntzicker engages with presenters on the wartime journalism Tracy Lucht (left) and Jane Marcellus enjoy Ellen Wirth’s presentation on the Women and panel. Regional Journalism panel.

John Coward explores Carol Ames’ new book during the high- History Division members Amber Roessner and Carrie Teresa present density research session. their historical research in the Critical and Cultural Studies Division.