Racial Discrimination Revealed Through the Characters in the Island by Athol Fugard
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REVEALED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN THE ISLAND BY ATHOL FUGARD AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ARDHIA DEWI NUR RAHMA Student number: 154214052 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REVEALED THROUGH THE CHARACTERS IN THE ISLAND BY ATHOL FUGARD AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ARDHIA DEWI NUR RAHMA Student number: 154214052 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI IF YOU WANT TO LIVE A HAPPY LIFE, TIE IT TO A GOAL, NOT TO PEOPLE OR THINGS -Albert Einstein- vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THIS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED PARENTS MY BELOVED SISTERS viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Allah SWT for giving me a great opportunity to study in English Letters Department of Universitas Sanata Dharma. Having the experience of studying in this University was a miracle for me. Every step in this University can be passed by God’s blessing. Second, I would like to convey my appreciation to Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum for having spent so many hours reading and correcting this thesis. I also thank my co-advisor Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan, S.S., M.A for the corrections and suggestions in the process of accomplishing this thesis, as well as the Secretariat staff of the English Letters of Universitas Sanata Dharma for being very helpful. Third, my special gratitude goes to my beloved parents, Bapak Suyanto and Ibu Sridati who always give me endless support and love in every condition. I would like to thank them for their effort in earning money to pay my school fee in this department which I really dreamed of. I also thank my sisters, Rina and Iin who support and help me in accomplishing this thesis. My family is my motivation for me. They are my motivation and will always be my precious people in my life. Lastly, I thank mas Jati Kumbara for the support and love that he gives to me so I can be strong in facing the difficulties in my life. I also thank PR Squad for making my day colorful with laughter and happiness they give me. Ardhia Dewi Nur Rahma ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………... ii APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………………. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE …………………………………………………… iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ……………………………………... v LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH …………. vi MOTTO PAGE …………………………………………………………… vii DEDICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………. x ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….. xi ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………….. xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………....... 1 A. Background of the Study …………………………………………… 1 B. Problem Formulation ………………………………………………. 4 C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………….. 4 D. Definition of Terms ………………………………………………… 5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ………………………....... 7 A. Review of Related Studies …………………………………………. 7 B. Review of Related Theories ………………………………………... 12 1. Theory of Racial Discrimination ……………………................. 12 2. Theory of Character and Characterization ……………………... 13 C. Review of Racial Discrimination in South Africa …………………. 15 D. Theoretical Framework …………………………………………….. 19 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY …………………………………….. 20 A. Object of the Study ………………………………………………… 20 B. Approach of the Study ……………………………………………... 22 C. Method of the Study ………………………………………………... 23 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ……………………………………………… 25 A. How the Characters Reveal Racial Discrimination ………………… 25 1. John’s Character Revealing Racial Discrimination ……………. 27 2. Winston’s Character Revealing Racial Discrimination ………... 33 B. How the Racial Discrimination Affect Characteristic of the 37 Characters 1. John …………………………………………………………............ 38 a. Clever ………………………………………………................... 38 b. Creative ……………………………………………………........ 40 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. Emotional …………………………………………………......... 41 d. Assertive …………………………………………………........... 42 e. Responsible ………………………………………….................. 43 f. Ambitious …………………………………………………......... 44 2. Winston ……………………………………………………….......... 45 a. String-minded ………………………………………………....... 45 b. Bad-tempered ………………………………………………....... 46 c. Stubborn ……………………………………………………....... 46 d. Jealous ………………………………………………………...... 47 3. Hodohe …………………………………………………………....... 48 a. Cruel ………………………………………………………......... 48 b. Mocking ……………………………………………………....... 49 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………... 50 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………. 52 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT ARDHIA DEWI NIR RAHMA. (2019). Racial Discrimination Revealed through the Characters in The Island by Athol Fugard. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. In this thesis, the writer analyzes a play written by Athol Fugrad entitled The Island which was published in 1986. This play describes the two black prisoners’ experiences of being racially discriminated by their warders. There are two objectives discussed in this study. The first is to find out the racial discrimination which reveal by the characters in The Island. The second is to find out the racial discrimination which affect characteristic of the characters in The Island. Library research was the method in this study. The primary source was a play, The Island. The secondary sources were books and articles on the theory of Racial Discrimination and theory of Character and Characterization. The Sociocultural- Historical Approach became the approach of this study. Based on the analysis, for the first objective, the writer finds out the racial discrimination which is revealed by the characters. John experienced the racial discrimination which is cruel and inhumanly. Meanwhile, Winston experienced the racial discrimination when he is playing the role as Antigone. The warders are ridiculing and underestimating him as a stupid person. As for the second objective, the writer finds out that the racial discrimination affects the characteristic of the characters. John characteristics are clever, creative, emotional, assertive, responsible and ambitious. Meanwhile, Winston characteristics are strong-minded, bad-tempered, stubborn, and jealous. Keywords: racial discrimination, oppression, characteristics. xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK ARDHIA DEWI NIR RAHMA. (2019). Racial Discrimination Revealed through the Characters in The Island by Athol Fugard. Yogyakarta: Progam Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Dalam skripsi ini penulis menganalisis sebuah drama karangan Athol Fugard yang berjudul The Island yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1986. Drama ini menggambarkan pengalaman hidup dua tahanan kulit hitam yang didiskriminasi rasial oleh sipir tahanan mereka. Terdapat dua masalah yang dibahas di dalam skripsi ini. Masalah pertama ialah menemukan diskriminasi rasial yang diungkapkan oleh karaker-karakter di dalam The Island. Kedua, menemukan diskriminasi rasial yang mempengaruhi karakteristik dari karakter-karakter di dalam The Island. Metode dalam skripsi ini adalah studi pustaka. Sumber utama dalam skripsi ini adalah drama yang berjudul The Island. Sumber lain yang mendukung anatara lain buku dan artikel tentang teori Diskriminasi Rasial dan teori Karakter dan Karakterisasi. Sejarah Sosiokultural menjadi pendekatan dalam skripsi ini. Berdasarkan pada pembahasan, untuk masalah pertama, penulis menemukan diskriminasi rasial yang diungkapkan oleh karakter-karakter. John mengalami diskriminasi rasial yang kejam dan tidak manusiawi. Sementara itu, Winston mengalami diskriminasi rasial ketika ia memainkan peran sebagai Antigone. Para sipir tahanan menertawakan dan meremehkannya sebagai orang bodoh. Adapun masalah kedua, penulis menemukan bahwa diskriminasi rasial mempengaruhi karakteristik dari karakter-karakter. Karakteristik John ialah cerdas, kreatif, emosional, tegas, bertanggung jawab, dan ambisius. Sementara itu, karakteristik Winston ialah berpikiran kuat, pemarah, keras kepala, dan cemburuan. Kata kunci: racial discrimination, oppression, characteristics. xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Literature is a writing which, in the words of Russian critic Roman Jakobson, represents an ‗organized violence committed on ordinary speech‘ (Eagleton, 1996, p. 2). In other words, literature transforms and intensifies ordinary language, deviates systematically from everyday speech. Literature has been commonly used to designate fictional and imaginative writings—poetry, prose, fiction, and drama. In a more general understanding, it also designates any other writings (including philosophy, history, and even scientific works addressed to a general audience) that are especially distinguished in form, expression, and emotional power (Abrams, 2009, pp. 177-178). The writer analyzes The Island that contains an issue about