Download (2774Kb)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95167 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Finding the Holocaust in Metaphor. Renegotiations of Trauma in Contemporary German- and Austrian- Jewish Literature By Maria Roca Lizarazu A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in German Studies University of Warwick, School of Modern Languages and Cultures May 2017 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 1 Declaration .................................................................................................................. 2 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction: Holocaust Memory in the New Millennium ................................. 4 2. Finding the Holocaust in Metaphor: Renegotiations of Trauma in Contemporary Literature and Theory ................................................................... 19 2.1. A “Taxonomy of Unspeakables” ........................................................................ 19 2.2. Postmemory and Its Discontents ......................................................................... 26 2.2.1. Unassimilatability, Literalness and the Problem of Nachträglichkeit ............. 27 2.2.2. Transmission as Contagion .............................................................................. 31 2.2.3. The Logic of Transparent Immediacy .............................................................. 34 2.2.4. Trauma between Psychological Affliction and Cultural Adoption .................. 38 2.3. Towards a Theory of Cultural Trauma................................................................ 40 2.3.1. Cultural Trauma as “Travelling Trauma” ...................................................... 42 2.3.2. A New Ethics and Aesthetics of Representation? ............................................. 55 3. “Erinnerung an die Erinnerung” – Memory, Authenticity, and Post- Holocaust Jewish Identity in Benjamin Stein’s Die Leinwand ............................. 58 3.1. Introduction: Revisiting the Wilkomirski Affair ................................................ 58 3.1.1. The Realness of the Fake.................................................................................. 59 3.1.2. Generating Authenticity Effects in Bruchstücke .............................................. 63 3.1.3. Remediating the Wilkomirski Affair in Benjamin Stein’s Die Leinwand ......... 67 3.2. The Holocaust as Travelling Trauma – Between Prosthesis, Contagion, and Personification............................................................................................................ 80 3.2.1. Zichroni’s “Erinnerungssinn” ......................................................................... 83 3.2.2. The Text as Embodied Experience ................................................................... 86 3.3. Performing Jewishness in a Post-Holocaust World ............................................ 88 3.3.1. Religious Identity and the (Im-)Possibility of Transcendence ......................... 88 3.3.2. Jewish Identity as Masculine Identity .............................................................. 91 3.3.3. Jewish Identity as (Trans-)national and/or Diasporic Identity........................ 93 3.4. Conclusion: “... eine Variante des ultimativen Andersseins” – Othering, Folklore and the Commodification of Jewishness .................................................................... 95 4. “Im Land der Väter und Verräter” – Intertextuality, Influence and the Question of Tradition in Maxim Biller’s Writing ............................................... 100 4.1. Introduction: Biller’s Patriarchal Poetics .......................................................... 100 4.2. Depictions of the Holocaust – From Polemics to the Apocalyptic Mode ......... 105 4.2.1. The Holocaust and Polemics in Harlem Holocaust ....................................... 105 4.2.2. The Holocaust as Apocalypse in Im Kopf von Bruno Schulz ........................ 109 4.3. Face(t)s of the Father ........................................................................................ 113 4.3.1. Adoptions, Adaptations, and Appropriations of Bruno Schulz ...................... 113 4.3.2. From Venus in Furs to Thomas Mann in Furs – Remediations of Sadomasochism ........................................................................................................ 119 4.3.3. The Seductiveness of German Culture ........................................................... 125 4.3.4. “Er war, wie ich werden würde” – Marcel Reich-Ranicki ............................ 134 4.4. Conclusion: From Patriarchal Poetics to ‘Perpetrator Poetics’ ......................... 136 5. Contrapuntal Memory and ‘Ironic’ Transnationalism in Vladimir Vertlib’s Das besondere Gedächtnis der Rosa Masur .......................................................... 140 5.1. Introduction: Scrutinising the “Transnational Turn” ........................................ 140 5.2. Transnational Memory as Contrapuntal Memory in Das besondere Gedächtnis der Rosa Masur ........................................................................................................ 150 5.2.1. A Modern-day Sheherazade? Rosa’s Role as the Unreliable Narrator ......... 152 5.2.2. A different Optic – Challenging Collective Scripts and Templates ............... 157 5.3. “Ich bin nicht typisch” – (Female) Jewish Identity between Stereotype and “Unfinalisability” ..................................................................................................... 167 5.4. Conclusion: The Role and Ethics of Fictional Discourse ................................. 172 6. From the Family to the Meta-Memorial Novel – Eva Menasse’s Fiction ..... 186 6.1. Introduction: Beyond the Family Novel? .......................................................... 186 6.2. Familial, Affiliative or Post-Familial? From Vienna to Quasikristalle ............ 189 6.2.1. Breaking the Family Frame: Vienna ............................................................. 189 6.2.2. The Poetics of (the) Quasikristall(e) .............................................................. 195 6.3. Confronting the “Post-Auschwitz-Ethik-Schwall” – Criticisms of Travelling Trauma ..................................................................................................................... 202 6.3.1. “Es war das immergleiche Problem...” – From Repression to Holocaust Fatigue and back ...................................................................................................... 204 6.3.2. Uneven Memorial Development in the Global Age ....................................... 215 6.3.3. De- and Recontextualisations of the Holocaust Signifier .............................. 218 6.3.4. The Fading of Holocaust Memory? ............................................................... 226 6.4. Conclusion: “‘Tis all in pieces, all coherence gone” – Mapping Out the Future of Holocaust Memory ................................................................................................... 228 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 232 8. Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 240 9. Filmography ....................................................................................................... 266 Acknowledgements I am indebted to the University of Warwick for generously supporting this project with a Chancellor’s International Scholarship. I am also grateful for the Warwick Graduate School and the School of Modern Languages and Cultures respective Thesis Completion Hardship Grants which were a tremendous help in the final phase of this project. The German department at Warwick has been an equally stimulating and encouraging environment for me as a postgraduate researcher. I am particularly thankful for having had the opportunity to work with Prof Anne Fuchs who has supervised this thesis and has been a constant and unfailing source of inspiration, encouragement, and support. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Prof Fuchs for her exceptional commitment to and enthusiasm for this project and her patient guidance throughout. I wish to also thank Dr Christine Achinger, Prof Mary Cosgrove, Dr Helmut Schmitz, and Dr Linda Shortt who have all contributed to the growth and success of this project. Prof Mark Philp from the History department at Warwick and Prof Alison Ribeiro de Menezes from Warwick’s Hispanic department deserve my thanks for their continuous support, and for considerably broadening the horizon of my PhD research. While I am extremely grateful for the help of my friends and family at home, I have also met and made many new friends during my time at Warwick who were and are an inexhaustible source of inspiration, motivation, and consolation in turbulent times. I particularly