Notre Dame Scholastic, Vol. 126, No. 05

L 'oN UWJed euelpul 'ewea, eJ~oN a I \f d .3E>V!SOd 's'n 3!Vl:I )l1ns I.e.• SCHOLASTIC Volume 127, Number 5 Xenophobia /zen-o-fo-be-al n (NL): Fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or anything strange or for eign Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary

English, they say, is a challenging language for foreigners to learn. The grammatical constructions lead the student of English down a circuitous path FEATURES with exceptions to every rule, miles and miles of vo cabulary to traverse, and detours into potential idi 6/The World at Notre Dame omatic landmines. The Anglo-Saxon and romantic by Brother George Schmitz, C.S.C. roots of the English language pour words into a lin '''; guistic canal brimming with synonyms, antonyms, 9/A Synthetic Nation and homonyms. The multitudinous vocabulary by P. Suresh choices prove more complex to decipher than Ru l2/0utside Psychology bick's cube combinations. by Naji Boutros The American culture, much like its native l3/Humoring the 'Situation tongue, offers a kaleidoscopic view of itself to an by Luis F. Razon and Margarita F. Villalon outsider. Old-fashioned villues and, newfangled , methods, a friendly openness and a glossy superfici l7/The Tug of War ality strike many foreigners as disturbing signs of a by Santiago O'Donnell and Winston Griffin schizophrenic nation, a witch's brew and not a melt 19/Nothing Is Black and White ing pot. by Murray Leibrandt Yet still, f~reign students flock in greater numbers every year to study both our language and our life 23/A Jewel in the Crown style. International students here at Notre Dame and by Luiz Hernandez St. Mary's come from all over the world to become 25rqphill to Independence citizens of all four colleges, dorms, and campus ac- , by Joe Bongiovi . tivities. Despite their interest and determination to 30/The Endless Spirit discover America under the Dome, little effort is by Cam Sylvester made as a whole community to listen to the different perspectives of our fellow classmates from abroad. 32/ A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the States .•• In this issue, Scholastic shifts its focus from the 34/Real Men Don't Play Football Dome to the globe as seen through the rich and di by Winston Griffin and Maher Mouasher verse experiences of the University's foreign students. Implicit in these articles is the authors' desire to overcome the hurdles of language and culture to ELAN communicate to the rest of us who they are, what 36/There Are No Kangaroos in Egypt they think, and where they call "home." Straight by Michael Varga from the horse's mouth (an idiom Mr. Ed and many foreigners might find distressing) these students' 40/The Shadow Boxer viewpoints offer a rare insider's glimpse into political by J urgen Brauer issues, literature, and landscapes spanning the globe. 42/0 People of Lebanon Scholastic's brave reach beyond the Dome could by Ronnie Karam never have been possible without the editorial advice and organizational expertise of Winston Griffin and 43/Gabriel Garcia Marquez: Collected Stories Maher Mouasher of the International Students Or by Mark Melchior ganization arid without the attention and enthusi 44/Resume asm of Fred Zimmerman, Scholastic's executive con- - by Sean P.A. McSweeney tent editor. DEPARTMENTS Calendar 3; Notables 4; Artistic Opportunities 48; WSND 50; idie banter 52 -. Editorial Board CONTRIBUTORS March 18-20 March 26 March 29-31 April 13-16 N.C:A.A. Fencing Cham South Bend High Schools Senior Formal: A weekend Campaigning for SMC Editor-in-Chief pionships: Angela Athletic Track Classic: ACCI for seniors to go all out hall offices Fieldhouse Kathleen McGarvey Joe Bongiovi is a Paul Komyatte is Facility/SMC and enjoy themselves! Pass Reem Mouasher Sanjeev Tak is a Pollitt Lecture for Living the time watching Second senior govern a senior govern is a sophomore sophomore Series: "Facing Reality In April 14 . General Manager ment major from ment major from Business and Art City, party on Rush Street, business major Relationships" with Patri The Crop Walk: A ten Williamsville, Munster, Indi major from stay in the luxurious Mary Ellen Am from Nairobi, cia Livingston, M.A., Palmer House, wine and kilometer pledge walk New York, who ana, and is a March 26 Amman, Jordan. Kenya, who is ,counselor and, National has traveled frequent contrib Pollitt Lecture for Living dine in the Grand Ball from Saint Joseph High Editorial known in his Consultant, Livingston As room, and dance until School and back. All Notre Jim Basile/News/Sports Editor extensively utor to Scholas- . American home Series: "Sexuality and throughout tic. s06iates. Held in the Ben Teens: Values, Conflicts dawn to the music of an Dame and Saint Mary's Kathleen Doyle/Campus Features of Stanford Hall dix Theatre, 7:30-9:00 eight-piece band! Go and students are urged to par Editor Central America. as "chief." and. Decisions." The Santiago O'Don p.m. Free. speaker. is Gary Ingersoll, have a great time, Sen ticipate. The proceeds go Ann Gallagher/Saint Mary's Editor nell is a senior iorsll to relieve the hunger prob Timothy Gianotti/Culture/Fiction Ph.D., Department of Ed government ucational Psychology, I. U./ lem around the wnrlo. Editor Murray Lei major from Fred Zimmerman/ Executive Bloomington. The lecture Naji Boutros is brandt is a Buenos Aires, March 22 & 23 Content Editor uncertain Cam Sylvester is will be held in Bendix March 31-1 graduate student Argentina. Maple City Postcard Club whether he is a a graduate Theatre, 7:30-9:00 p.m. Candidates for hall offices from New York, Show: Held in the Conven April 15 Graphics junior or a student from the at SMC: Mandatory meet the Big Apple. tion Hall in the Century "Brian's Song": Carroll sophomore, Great White ing for all those interested, Darryl H. DanielslExecutive Center; the show will be Hall (SMC). 7 & 9:30 p.m. Design Editor although he's North. H.C.C. held Friday, 11:00 a.m.- Admission is $1.00. Kathleen Keifer/Art Editor quJte sure that he Margarita is an Electrical Villalon is a 8:00 p.m. and Saturday, Marketing Engineering junior Finance/ 9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m .. Ad- Maher Mouasher Economics major mission is $1.00. .. Patrick D. Conboy/Advertising major from is a sophomore Bhamdoun, Business major from Makati, P. Suresh is a Editor graduate student MarchiApril Calendar Lebanon. from Amman, Philippines, and Tom Curtin/Distribution Manager in Civil Engi Jordan. He is the Luis Razon is a Dan Poorman/Business Manager neering from General Manager Chemical March 22-24 March 31-1 Bangalore, India. for next year's Engineering The Fischoff National "Brother Sun, Sister Advisory B~rd graduate student This is his first Alfredo Domin Scholastic. C)1amber Music Competi March 27-31 Moon": A wo·nderful Prof. Elizabeth Christman from Manila, contribution to .April 19 guez is a sopho tion: America's best young The Ice Capades: Always a movie\about the life of St. Mr. Michael Garvey more Mechanical Philippines. Scholastic. . The Harlem Globetrotters: Prof. Marjorie Kinsey chamber musicians gather good time, this show is to Francis of Assisi. It will be Engineering Luis A. Hernan ·If you think N.D. basket-. Prof. Robert Schmuhl to compete for $5,200 ,in be held at the ACC/ Arena. shown in the Engineering major from dez is a sopho ball is comical, then wait Dr. Linnea Vacca The magazine is represented for na cash awards. The semi For further information Auditorium, 7 & 9:30 p.m. .until you see ·these· guys!! Valencia, more Electrical finals on Friday and Satur Mr. Paul Matwiy tional advertising by National concerning times and The price is $1.00. The show is to be held in Venezuela, who Engineering day will be held in. the Educational Advertising Services prices, call the ACCBox the ACCIArena. For ticket misses coconut major from San Bendix Theatre and in the Design Staff and CASS Student Advertising, Inc. Office. . prices and more informa trees. Juan, Puerto Recital Hall. These are Hall and Oates Concert: . Jean O'Bryan Published monthly during the school tion, call the ACC Box Of Rico, who likes open to the public. The fi Coming soon in the first Thomas D. Grantham year except during vacation and ex fice. beaches on a nal competition will take week of April. Watch for Becky Miklos amination periods. Scholastic is Mark Melchior is sunny day. printed at Ave Maria Press, Notre place on Sunday and adc March 28-30 it!1 a senior PLS Dame, Ind. 46556. The subscription mittance is by ticket only. Contact the Centllry Cen The RV Super Show: An The opinions expressed in Scholastic major from rate is $9.00 a year and back issues Sean P. A. ter Box Office for more in RV fan? Then head on April 20 are those of the authors and editors Kansas City, are available from Scholastic. Please April 12 McSweeney is a formation. over tathe ACC/ .. of Scholastic and do not necessarily address all manuscripts to Scholastic, LeMans Hall Formal: Get Winston Griffin senior govern Fieldhouse to see one of Medalist Football Coach represent the opinions of the entire Notre Dame, Ind. 46556. All un . a date, LeMans women, is a very diligent ment major from the largest RV shows in the ing Clinic: ACC staff and editorial board of Scholastic solicited material becomes the prop . and celebrate Spring in Senior from Guatemala City, country! or the University of Notre Dame, its Guatemala. erty of Scholastic. style at the Century Cen England and Copyright © 1984 Scholastic / All March 22-24 ter! The price is $10.00/ administration, faculty, or the stu Peru. Apdl12 dent body. rights reserved / None of the contents The Home .and Garden couple and the time is 9:00 may be reproduced without permis Show: ACC/Fieldhouse . Holy Cross Hall (SMC) p.m.-la.m. sion. Spring Formal: Dance in March'29 Spring. at the Century· Czechoslovakian Camber Center from 9:00 p.m.-l Photo Credits Illustrations March 24 Soloist: Come listen· to a.m: Tickets are $10.00/ Bruce Harlan; Cover, 1. Jean O'Bryan; 32,33,51 The Notre Dame Concert some truly fine mu·sic· and couple. Courtesy of The Observer; 8,10,11,13,14,15, Jeff DeGraw; 35,41 April 20 Band's Spring Concert: At singing. For more informa 16,17,18,19,20,22 Cindy J ett; 37 The Charity Ball. If you the ACC/Arena at 7:30 tion, call O'Laughlin Au- Theodor Mariani; 47,48,49 Darryl Daniels; 43 ditorium.. . . want to help a great cause Darryl Daniels; Inside Back Cover p.m. April 14 or just have a great time, Spring Day on Campus: head on over to the Stepan Approximately' 400 interc Center. The attire is semi March 29, ested women will be visit~ formal· and tickets are March25~28 Professional Wrestling, ing Saint Mary's for the $6.00/person or $10.001 Room Selections for 1985- Bendix Theatre, 8:00 p.m. day. Let's make them feel couple. All proceeds will '86, Saint Mary's College Admission is $5.00.. • welcome! be sent to Ethiopia.

2 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 1985 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 3 -. Editorial Board CONTRIBUTORS March 18-20 March 26 March 29-31 April 13-16 N.C:A.A. Fencing Cham South Bend High Schools Senior Formal: A weekend Campaigning for SMC Editor-in-Chief pionships: Angela Athletic Track Classic: ACCI for seniors to go all out hall offices Fieldhouse Kathleen McGarvey Joe Bongiovi is a Paul Komyatte is Facility/SMC and enjoy themselves! Pass Reem Mouasher Sanjeev Tak is a Pollitt Lecture for Living the time watching Second senior govern a senior govern is a sophomore sophomore Series: "Facing Reality In April 14 . General Manager ment major from ment major from Business and Art City, party on Rush Street, business major Relationships" with Patri The Crop Walk: A ten Williamsville, Munster, Indi major from stay in the luxurious Mary Ellen Am from Nairobi, cia Livingston, M.A., Palmer House, wine and kilometer pledge walk New York, who ana, and is a March 26 Amman, Jordan. Kenya, who is ,counselor and, National has traveled frequent contrib Pollitt Lecture for Living dine in the Grand Ball from Saint Joseph High Editorial known in his Consultant, Livingston As room, and dance until School and back. All Notre Jim Basile/News/Sports Editor extensively utor to Scholas- . American home Series: "Sexuality and throughout tic. s06iates. Held in the Ben Teens: Values, Conflicts dawn to the music of an Dame and Saint Mary's Kathleen Doyle/Campus Features of Stanford Hall dix Theatre, 7:30-9:00 eight-piece band! Go and students are urged to par Editor Central America. as "chief." and. Decisions." The Santiago O'Don p.m. Free. speaker. is Gary Ingersoll, have a great time, Sen ticipate. The proceeds go Ann Gallagher/Saint Mary's Editor nell is a senior iorsll to relieve the hunger prob Timothy Gianotti/Culture/Fiction Ph.D., Department of Ed government ucational Psychology, I. U./ lem around the wnrlo. Editor Murray Lei major from Fred Zimmerman/ Executive Bloomington. The lecture Naji Boutros is brandt is a Buenos Aires, March 22 & 23 Content Editor uncertain Cam Sylvester is will be held in Bendix March 31-1 graduate student Argentina. Maple City Postcard Club whether he is a a graduate Theatre, 7:30-9:00 p.m. Candidates for hall offices from New York, Show: Held in the Conven April 15 Graphics junior or a student from the at SMC: Mandatory meet the Big Apple. tion Hall in the Century "Brian's Song": Carroll sophomore, Great White ing for all those interested, Darryl H. DanielslExecutive Center; the show will be Hall (SMC). 7 & 9:30 p.m. Design Editor although he's North. H.C.C. held Friday, 11:00 a.m.- Admission is $1.00. Kathleen Keifer/Art Editor quJte sure that he Margarita is an Electrical Villalon is a 8:00 p.m. and Saturday, Marketing Engineering junior Finance/ 9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m .. Ad- Maher Mouasher Economics major mission is $1.00. .. Patrick D. Conboy/Advertising major from is a sophomore Bhamdoun, Business major from Makati, P. Suresh is a Editor graduate student MarchiApril Calendar Lebanon. from Amman, Philippines, and Tom Curtin/Distribution Manager in Civil Engi Jordan. He is the Luis Razon is a Dan Poorman/Business Manager neering from General Manager Chemical March 22-24 March 31-1 Bangalore, India. for next year's Engineering The Fischoff National "Brother Sun, Sister Advisory B~rd graduate student This is his first Alfredo Domin Scholastic. C)1amber Music Competi March 27-31 Moon": A wo·nderful Prof. Elizabeth Christman from Manila, contribution to .April 19 guez is a sopho tion: America's best young The Ice Capades: Always a movie\about the life of St. Mr. Michael Garvey more Mechanical Philippines. Scholastic. . The Harlem Globetrotters: Prof. Marjorie Kinsey chamber musicians gather good time, this show is to Francis of Assisi. It will be Engineering Luis A. Hernan ·If you think N.D. basket-. Prof. Robert Schmuhl to compete for $5,200 ,in be held at the ACC/ Arena. shown in the Engineering major from dez is a sopho ball is comical, then wait Dr. Linnea Vacca The magazine is represented for na cash awards. The semi For further information Auditorium, 7 & 9:30 p.m. .until you see ·these· guys!! Valencia, more Electrical finals on Friday and Satur Mr. Paul Matwiy tional advertising by National concerning times and The price is $1.00. The show is to be held in Venezuela, who Engineering day will be held in. the Educational Advertising Services prices, call the ACCBox the ACCIArena. For ticket misses coconut major from San Bendix Theatre and in the Design Staff and CASS Student Advertising, Inc. Office. . prices and more informa trees. Juan, Puerto Recital Hall. These are Hall and Oates Concert: . Jean O'Bryan Published monthly during the school tion, call the ACC Box Of Rico, who likes open to the public. The fi Coming soon in the first Thomas D. Grantham year except during vacation and ex fice. beaches on a nal competition will take week of April. Watch for Becky Miklos amination periods. Scholastic is Mark Melchior is sunny day. printed at Ave Maria Press, Notre place on Sunday and adc March 28-30 it!1 a senior PLS Dame, Ind. 46556. The subscription mittance is by ticket only. Contact the Centllry Cen The RV Super Show: An The opinions expressed in Scholastic major from rate is $9.00 a year and back issues Sean P. A. ter Box Office for more in RV fan? Then head on April 20 are those of the authors and editors Kansas City, are available from Scholastic. Please April 12 McSweeney is a formation. over tathe ACC/ .. of Scholastic and do not necessarily address all manuscripts to Scholastic, LeMans Hall Formal: Get Winston Griffin senior govern Fieldhouse to see one of Medalist Football Coach represent the opinions of the entire Notre Dame, Ind. 46556. All un . a date, LeMans women, is a very diligent ment major from the largest RV shows in the ing Clinic: ACC staff and editorial board of Scholastic solicited material becomes the prop . and celebrate Spring in Senior from Guatemala City, country! or the University of Notre Dame, its Guatemala. erty of Scholastic. style at the Century Cen England and Copyright © 1984 Scholastic / All March 22-24 ter! The price is $10.00/ administration, faculty, or the stu Peru. Apdl12 dent body. rights reserved / None of the contents The Home .and Garden couple and the time is 9:00 may be reproduced without permis Show: ACC/Fieldhouse . Holy Cross Hall (SMC) p.m.-la.m. sion. Spring Formal: Dance in March'29 Spring. at the Century· Czechoslovakian Camber Center from 9:00 p.m.-l Photo Credits Illustrations March 24 Soloist: Come listen· to a.m: Tickets are $10.00/ Bruce Harlan; Cover, 1. Jean O'Bryan; 32,33,51 The Notre Dame Concert some truly fine mu·sic· and couple. Courtesy of The Observer; 8,10,11,13,14,15, Jeff DeGraw; 35,41 April 20 Band's Spring Concert: At singing. For more informa 16,17,18,19,20,22 Cindy J ett; 37 The Charity Ball. If you the ACC/Arena at 7:30 tion, call O'Laughlin Au- Theodor Mariani; 47,48,49 Darryl Daniels; 43 ditorium.. . . want to help a great cause Darryl Daniels; Inside Back Cover p.m. April 14 or just have a great time, Spring Day on Campus: head on over to the Stepan Approximately' 400 interc Center. The attire is semi March 29, ested women will be visit~ formal· and tickets are March25~28 Professional Wrestling, ing Saint Mary's for the $6.00/person or $10.001 Room Selections for 1985- Bendix Theatre, 8:00 p.m. day. Let's make them feel couple. All proceeds will '86, Saint Mary's College Admission is $5.00.. • welcome! be sent to Ethiopia.

2 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 1985 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 3 I NOTABLES

Music warmed the cold, enjoyed the various month or two. On from Bach and Chopin February air, and dance musical and dancing February 15, the College among others. The sparked a fire in the events on Saint Mary's hosted the Chicago City classical approach is a Help bring the world together imaginations of those who . campus during the past Ballet under the direction switch for Boyd who of Maria Tallchief and travelled for three years Paul Mejia in O'Laughlin with Gordon Lightfoot, Auditorium. Tallchief, one but she has indeed made of America's most prolific her name in the business. dancers, was the prima Her records outsell every ballerina in the late 1940's other classical guitarist by and '50s. Under the ten toone, and she has direction of her husband performed for such people and teacher, George as Ronald Reagan, Pierre Balanchine, shedomi Trudeau, Margaret nated the realm of Thatcher, and Francois international dance for Mitterrand. It was a two decades. Following pleasure to have had her Balanchines creative and at Saint Mary's. artistic patterns, she Saint Mary's faculty has developed the Chicago been making a name for City Ballet in 1980. itself in music too. Jeffrey Balanchines influence was Jacob, a concert pianist clearly noticed by the and professor at the speedy musicality and College, recently returned athleticism of Tallchief's from a three-month dance movements during European tour where he her performance. Mejia, received rave reviews and also a master of the honors. Jacob's tour began Balanchine style, directed successfully in Belgium and choreographed most and followed with concerts of the pieces. The audi in England, Germany and ence, including a large Poland. In Holland, he Host an exchange student. number of Seniors who was hailed as "a young were present for "Senior musical genius" and in Night at the Ballet;' each country such praise responded very favorably was ordinary. Jacob's to both Mejia and program featured contem Tallchief's presentation. porary music, and ih.a In addition to the dance few instances he played perf

From the founding of the University comprise the largest single national The foreign students had organized cricket back to Notre Dame last fall. (A of Notre Dame to the present, its inter group followed by Canada and the Peo the International Student Organization Cricket Club had been established in the national connections have been consist ple's Republic of China. In the past two early on. Their representation in Stu late 1970s.) Other International Student ent and pervasive. The relationship of years the number of students from the dent Government was through a branch Organization activities which have kept the University to concerns wider than People's Republic of China has grown of Student Government referred to as . the international students busy this year just the boundaries of the United States rapidly as the Chinese government has "The International Commission'," have been a Big Brother-Big Sister pro reflects the spirit of the French mission become more open to the West. As a which, in the ea~ly 1960s, organized gram, an Adopt-a-Child program, the aries who arrived here in 1842,. and it unit though, the students from Central quite popular panel discussions, debates, International Banquet, the International has continued for a century and a half as and South American countries still com and . lectures on international topics. In Festival and this "international" edition Holy Cross missionaries,: Holy Cross as prise the largest group of' foreign stu the midst of the campus unrest of ,the of the Scholastic. In addition to the In sociates and Peace Corps workers have dents on campus. late 1960s, the InternationaiStudent ternational Student Organization thei:e left Notre Dame to labor in Asia, Africa The special needs of international stu Organization formulated a list of.griev .' are several national organizations such. and Latin America. The international dents. are met through the Office of In allces and' petitioned the administration as the India Association, the Chinese aspect of Notre Dame with which most ternational Student Affairs. This office to appoint a full-time foreign student Students Association, the Chinese of us are familiar, however, is the .gro\.!.p virasestablished in 1969. Until 1969 the advisor and to establish a separate office , Scholars Association, the Korean Associ- of students who comprise the interna foreign students were riot given much for foreign student affairs. This was' , ation,. the Lebanese-American Club, tional portion of the student body. more information than the American done in 1969 when the late Rev. Daniel and the Japan Club. These groups orga- The first foreign students arrived on students received upon acceptance to the O'Neil, C.S.C., Assistant Vice President . nize special activities which bring na the campus of Notre Dame in 1929, and university. An interesting series of letters for Student Affairs,' was appointed full- . tional groups together for camaraderie by the late 1940s there were 50 or 60 for in the archives of the Office of Interna time Foreign Student Advisor and Direc~ and to celebrate national holidays. eign students at the university. Mo'st of tional Student Affairs shows how a cam tor of International Student Affairs. Fr. This year Notre Dame's foreign stu them were Latin Americans and Cana pus organization called Young Christian O'Neil held that post until his death in dent population increased by 9 %. This dians with a very few students from Students (YCS) took on the task of writ 1978. He was succeeded by the Rev. ' is at a time when the number of foreign Eastern countries or Europe. In the ing letters to newly accepted foreign stu Thomas Tallarida, C.S.C., who directed students natioriwide is decreasing. As 1960s the numbers began to increase as dents. The purpose of these letters was the International Student Affairs Office our world becomes a global village and the university drew more students from to make the foreign students feel wel until June, 1984. Brother George as internatioanl relations become a force Asia and Europe. In 1965 there were 250 come and, also, to advise them of Amer Schmitz, C.S.C., is the current director. that shapes our future, we at Notre foreign students on campus; by 1975 ican customs and of the rigorous winters The present academic year,has been Dame can be thankful for the "strangers there were 300 and today there are ap of Northern Indiana. (We can only spec an especially active one for' the Interna in our midst" who come to learn from us proximately 375 foreign students from ulate what would have happened if Fr. tional Student Organization. The Inter~' and to share with us the wealth of their 64 different countries. Indian students, Sorinhad been so forewarned.) national Student Organization brought traditions and cultures. • The World at Notre Dame by Brother George Schmitz, C.S.C.

A bizarre assassination, an indus Nation trial catastrophe, a seemingly endless orgy of communal violence . . . and the list goes on. Certainly, it is a little too much for a Third World nation to grapple within a span of less than six by P. Suresh months. Especially so for a develop ing country desperately fighting against hunger, poverty and a host of other social evils. But amazing is the fact that the country takes all the ter rible onslaught in stride, holds gen eral elections for the world's largest electorate and pulls along as if noth ing ever happened. A mighty nation tucked away un der the southern slopes of the Hima layas, India is a country kriown for its. spiritual strength, a country' which

"!.',- A Synthetic

"!.',- •

professed peace and nonviolence to the rest of the world, but had to wit ness one of the worst bloodsheds of recent times. India, however, has sur "Today, with a vived: India has never ceased to fascinate population of over both West and East. Scores of Euro 730 million, India pean adventurers set their sails dur ing the 13-16th centuries hoping to is the largest de discover India-the exotic land of spices, silk, muslin and gems. Credit mocracy in the goes to the Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama who first landed on the west world. This is coast of India. However, those that followed him, the French, the Dutch nearly three times and the English were the ones that the population of made the best of the then existing sit mition in India. After 200 years of . the United States foreign rule the once prosperous and flourishing land found itself reduced to shambles-a land utterly divided, . ," .. guage issues have only helped under dismembered and disorganized. .:.. .. ~ ~.,: . -. .. ~.--- mine the unity of the country. To add The liberal spirit which helped get India's former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (left) and former U.S. to this, religious tensions prevailing in independence from the British in different parts of the country have 1947 brought about new hopes for a Secretary of State Edmund Muskie (second from right) attend a multi faith memorial service for independence leader Mohandas Gandhi. raised serious doubts about the State's free and united India. Although Ma ability to remain Secular. hatma Gandhi, the chief architect of of illiteracy: only 37% of the popu- the private sector, however, there are in the world to acquire nuclear tech The Country, currently run by the India's freedom struggle, was gone lace can read and write while only textiles, electronics and a host of nology, an act which left the devel Central Government seated in New not long after independence, leaders 3 % can understand English, which other consumer service products. oped world stupefied and spellbound. Delhi, has State Governments in each of stature like Nehru, Patel and oth has so far been the sole language used Cheap labor and comparatively low The late seventies even saw India of its States and Union Territories. ers were able to mold all the splinter in government offices and other offi~ cost of production have resulted in build its own space satellites, de The bulk of the authority being con elements into one strong India. And cial machinery. Even giving credit to the country taking over most of the signed to help improve its telecom centrated at the Centre, however, has so, on 26th Jan. 1950, India adopted the fact that there are twice the num- overseas market in Africa and South munications and its weather forecast recently opened up raging controver its Constitution and declared itself a ber of educated people today than Asia. ing system. sies about conferring greater auton Sovereign Democratic RepubliC). there were at the time of indepen- The progress on the scientific and Thus, starting off as a poor and omy to the States. The States feel Although intended to be like a dence does not make matters any bet- research front has also been incredi- battered nation in the forties, India they have had little or no say in mat strong alloy,. it was more a heteroge ter: the country's population has also ble. The climax to this progress came has now established itself as the most ters such as Resource Allocation, de neous mixture of people, religions; doubled over the same period. when, in 1974, India successfully progressive developing nation in the velopmental policies, etc., while at languages and cultures. Sixteen States On the whole, however, through conducted its. first Nuclear Explosion world. A founder and a staunch ad the same time the Centre, in the and Union territories were carved out the last 37 years of independence .In- test in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. vocate of the Non-Alignment Move name of preserving the unity of the during the Reorganization of States dia's progress has been, to say the It thus became only the sixth nation ment, which avoids siding with either country, is refusing to loosen its grip . in 1956. There were fourteen offi least, extremely impressive. The first of the two superpowers, it has now over the States. Perhaps it is time the cially recognized languages, not to leaders of the nation adopted the pol grown independently into an indus-. Centre made attempts to put an end mention hundreds of dialects spoken icy of five-year plans to help the trial giant in the Third World. to this tug-of-war and accepted the in different pockets of the country. country march towards a definite However, the running hasn't been fact that real unity could only be Arid India became home to six major goal. While the first two five-year as smooth as it may seem from the achieved by recognizing the true aspi- . world religions. plans heavily stressed agricultural outside. India has had more than its rations of its diverse society. In this Today, with· a population of over progress, emphasis slowly shifted to share of troubles and disasters over regard can there be a better example 730 million, India is the· largest De Indira Gandhi, shortly before she wards industrial development in the the last four decades. It has had to than the great United States itself? mocracy in the world. This is nearly later years. Under these five-year fight three expensive wars and face was assassinated by members of her Today, there is a new and ambi own security guard. three times the population of the plans five major steel plants and a an incessant fury of alternating floods· tious government in charge at the United States-a problem which can couple of fertilizer and chemical· in and famines. Moreover, even the Centre raising new hopes for rapid be. better appreciated considering the dustries were set up. The industrial scene within its borders has not been all-round progress. However, prob fact that India is only one third the next couple of years are, without ~evelopment since then has simply all too rosy. The formation of States lems like exploding population; un doubt, going to be the most crucial in size of the U.S. Over 75% o~ this pop been phenomenaL. The country now in 1956 was based on linguistic lines employment, corruption at all levels the history of this illustrious nation. ulation lives in villages where agricul boasts industries of all classes-light, and has taken its toll time and again. ture is the only source of livelihood. of the bureaucracy and widespread The history of India has been a medium and heavy. Aircraft build-' This was perhaps the greatest blun restlessness among the people are Abject poverty exists next to ridicu also story of .a continuing struggle for ing, machine tools, earth movers, : der that the founders of this nation It lous affluence, which leads to ten raging at peak. will be interesting . identity. It's a struggle for identity heavy electrical industries and tele committed. The country has dearly to see how the government tackles among the States within the country sions between the haves and the have phone industries are the. most pr07 . paid and will continue to pay for this nots. Add to this the haunting ghost these issues and maintains peace both and a struggle for identity as a na gressive ones in the public sector. In . lapse. Recurring flare-ups on lan- within and outside the country.J'he tion, as an equal in the higher ranks Hajiv Gandhi of the world. •

10 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 11 •

10 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 11 u

t~ >~ ii 4' e~ Bs'~ G~nlo_~lio_~gf -=- by Naji Boutros oring the

L 193i, in the great city of Bos travelled to Lebanon where he im country whose skies are replete with ton, the traffic came to a halt along mersed himself in Arabic literature clamor and noise." the route that would take a man from and developed a keen consciousness After 2 years in Paris, he returned' Lebanon to his temporary resting and a thorough appreciation of the to the United States and settled in Situation place. Many people followed the pro Bible. Back in the States, he began New York for the rest of his life. cession and, weeks later, the silent writing for "AI Muhajer" ("The Im Gibran's works have always been hom~wardjourney of Kahlil Gibran migrant"), an Arabic newspaper pop controversial. His first writings, in ended at a cemetery in Lebanon.' ular among the Arab community in cluding such notable books as Jesus Nowadays, in the middle of Copley the United States. His literary works the son of man, Sand and Foam and Square in Boston stands a bronze were influenced by the American The Forerunner, were religious in and-granite memorial erected by a transcendentalist movement and the context and their \.!northodoxy even grateful city in honor of this gentle Romantic literature of the West. This tually led to his temporary excommu poet from Lebanon. influence is obvious in books such as nication from the Christian Maronite "His power came from some great "Spirit Rebellious" and "Nymphs of church in Lebanon. The maturity of reservoir of spiritual life else it could the Valley.'~ his thought is revealed in The not have been so universal and po Mankind have I loved. Ay, much Prophet, a book deeply spiritual in tent, but the majesty and beauty of have I loved men, nature, written in simple and beauti the language with which he clothed And men in my opinion are three; fullanguage and reflecting optimistic it were all his own." The one who curses life, the. one who tone in presenting man's innate good Claude Bragdon blesses it, and the one who ness. Gibran later wrote of this work, An exceptional childhood in the ',contemplates it. "While I was writing The Prophet, town of Becharre, under the "cedars The first I have loved for his mystery, the prophet was writing me." of the Lord" -the cedars of the second'jor his beneficence, and When Kahlil Gibran died in 1931, Lebanon-prepared Gibran for a life the third for his wisdom. the world lost a great man, a man of greatness. Gibran's mother real Nymphs of the Valley whose fame and influence spread far ized the exceptional talents of Kahlil beyond the Near East, whose poetry when at four he planted torn paper has been translated into more than 20 so that it might take root and pro "He is a world in languages, whose drawings and duce white sheet for him to draw paintings have been exhibited in the upon, and when, at six, he said that himself. His soul is great capitals of the world and com he was an Italian after seeing paint pared by the famous French artist that of an excited Auguste Rodin to the work of Wil by Margerita Villalon ings of Leonardo da Vinci. "My son is and Luis F. Razon outside of psychology," said his god who, being liam: Blake, by Day to the incompara mother, claiming that her son's voice ble and by Shelley to a god: "He is a was vested with an authority not to sad and weary and world in himself. His soul is that of an excited god who, being sad and be confused with mere human excel 29, 1984. "All tomed to laughing, about. Yet in the the most important sea lanes from the lence. In short, he was a dreamer, be homesick, passed weary and homesick, passed the time KNILA-n". singing of other worlds." Armed Forces of the Philippines po- Philippines the jokes and the laughter Indian Ocean to the Pacific. lieved by many to be beyond his lice units on red alert." the time singing of , !n spite of all the fame and glory, persist. The original inhabitants were an world and his time in his perception The ability of Filipinos to laugh at aborigina~ people from mainland of truth and of beauty. Glbran remained faithful to his MANILA-Jan. 3, 1985. "Gover other worlds." homeland, spreading his word of wis nor hurt; mayor shot dead." their own shortcomings has always Asia; the Aetas, and the Malays came 1n 1895, and because of economic set them apart. Call it a blessing be from the south. The sixteenth century hardship, Kahlil's mother journeyed dom throughout the whole world It cannot be said that the Filipinos without ever, forgetting the feeling of cause it helps people get through dif brought the Spaniards and with to the States with her 4 children, But the American art was soon'un never laughed while all this was hap ficult days, but call it also a curse them, Roman Catholicism and a very joining the immigrant Lebanese com able to satisfy his literary and artistic the glory,under the almighty Cedars pening. To newcomers, the'barrage of of the Lord, until his last whisper. they seem never to worry or do strong Western influence. While this munity in Boston. The 12-year-old ambition. He therefore decided to jokes about the Aquino murder, the anything about a situation. succeeded in modifying the indige Gibran eventually moved to the travel to the art, capital of the world, "Sons of my ancient mother, you high inflation rates, arid Marcos' The population of the Philippines ' nous Filipino culture, it did not com Denison settlement house where his Paris: "... The time which I'll spend riders of the tides, health can be disconcerting; the Phil pletely replace it, and the result was How often have you sailed in my totals 56,000,000, scattered over 7107 talent as an artist was discovered by a in the city of Light will be, with the ippines has just gone through one of islands comprising an area of 115,831 a rather unique blend of East and publisher, Holland Day: "When his help of God, the beginning of a new dreams. Avd now you come the worst years in its recent history. square miles. The climate is largely West. brush and pencil visited canvas and Chapter in the Story of my life . . . in my awakening which is my deeper Devastating typhoons, earthquakes, a dream. ' tropical with a short, fierce season of In 1965 Ferdinand E. Marcos was paper, these became endued with a My trip to Paris will offer me an op volcanic erruption, an inflation rate typhoons and heavy rain in the cen elected as the seventh president of the vital and vibrant force that rendered portunity to, write about things Ready am Ito go, and my eagerness of 63 %, and viciously contested Par tral and northern regions. The coun Republic of the Philippines, and re them no longer dead, but living." which I cannot find or imagine in with sails full set , liamentary elections just aren't the awaits the wind." • ' try is located north of Indonesia and elected in 1969. During his term in In 1896, at the age of 15, Gibran this mechanical and commercial , sort of things Americans.are accus- east of Vietnam. It sits squarely on office, the threat of a general insur-

12 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 13 u t~ >~ ii 4' e~ Bs'~ G~nlo_~lio_~gf -=- by Naji Boutros oring the

12 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 13 s III II!

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II II I 'I I I il

I Mrs. Aurora Aquino, mother of slain i1 opposition leader Benigno Aquino. Ii rection seemed to grow larger and larger. Finally, on September 21, 1972, the President imposed martial II law in an effort to curb insurgent and Philippine President Ferdinand [i subversive activity. Marcos ruled by Marcos in New York. decree and imprisonment, and de ported most-if not all-opposition Human Rights. Ten months after the assassination leaders. One such opposition leader In 1981, Marcos had lifted martial of Aquino, the Agrava commission was Benigno Aquino. Imprisoned at law and announced that there would presented its findings to the Presi Fort Bonifacio after the imposition of be ~lections for the Batasang Pam dent. Four out of five members of the martial law as a "subversive;' Aquino bansa (The National Assembly). commission (Agrava was the only one was released in 1980 due to political There was talk of Marcos' illness, and who did not agree) pointed their fin pressure exerted by the Carter admin with elections coming up, Aquino, gers to the Chief of the Armed istration campaign for International who had been living in the U.S., felt Forces, General Fabian Ver, Marcos' that he could be of help in organizing loyal right-hand man. Though Ver the opposition. was only one of twenty-five impli Imelda'Marcos, the president's cated, 'many still questioned whether bility, but pulled the plug on the A1 ERR I CK'S economy as well. . wife, talked to Aquino in New York the order was not given by Marcos Maple Lane and asked him to delay his return himself. The arrest of those charged On the lighter side, Filipinos still "for security reasons." "There are was ordered. manage to keep making jokes and people;' she said, "loyal to us that we The months between September laughing at events as they unfold. Pharmacy cannot control." Aquino was insis 1983 and May 1984 marked a period Maybe this blessing in these troubled tent, however, and, using forged pa of growing discontent in the Philip times will keep them from losing pers, left for Manila. He arrived on pines. Elections for the Batasang their minds. One joke that circulated August 21, 1983, but never got to Pambansa were approaching and in Manila after the Aquino assassina touch Philippine soil. Aquino was demonstrations were common. Some tion had to do with Rolando shot from the back and killed as he members of the opposition even' Galman, his alleged killer, who was was coming down from the plane. pushed for a boycott. The increas shot immediately after Aquino. After mlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllil His body lay in a pool of blood on the ingly vocal Catholic Church (led by Aquino died, his soul went up to tarmac of the Manila International Jaime Cardinal Sin) supported a boy heaven and right before he entered :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Airport, a few feet away from his al cott of the elections, charging that the gates he noticed Galman standing leged killer, Rolando Galivan. the results were already predeter in line in front of him. Aquino The shock and anger that resulted mined. The outcome of the election tapped him on the shoulder and from the murder was to be felt for was a reduction of "pro-Marcos" con asked, "Hey, why did you shoot me?" months afterward, and many blamed tingent in the assembly and an in Whereupon Galman answered, the assassination on President Mar crease in the number of opposition "Shoot you? I was here long before cos. Numerous demonstrations and seats. Even though the number of op , you arrivedl" How's that for humor rallies (some of them 50,000 strong) position parties has increased in the ing the situation? demanded the President's resigna last few years it has brought about tion. There was worldwide pressure, little added power to their ranks since Closest to Notre Dame in particular from the United States, none of them agree with each others' for the establishment of a non biased policies. Though they all are against 18075 Sf. Rd. 23 commission to investigate the killing. Marcos' rule, they seem unable to Corazon Agrava was to head this spe unite on the best possible solution to Manila Archbishop Cardinal Jaime 272·7747 cial fact-finding board that was later their problem. L. Sin has long been dissatisfied referred to as "The Agrava Commis The murder of Aquino not only with the Marcos government. Yo~rFriendly Neighborhood Druggist sion." sparked the flame of political insta-

14 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 15 s III II!

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14 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 15 The

of by Santiago O'Donnell and Winston Griffin

Notre Dame University is a strange In London place-Arabs meet Jews, Hindus talk to Moslems, Argentines come across January 10, 1985. Leicester Square people from Great Britain, and we I'm in the Prince Edward Theatre all manage to coexist. watching "Evita" -the famous Ar: Our nations are supposed to be en gentinian musical-for the second emies, "adversaries" at beSt· but for time. Saw it first in the Spring of the international student thi~ is diffi 1982. Isn't it funny how some events cult to grasp., We learn about differ just stay in one's mind. From that ent cultures, and listen to different p~riod ~. oc~,!-r:ences stic:k in my opinions about our own. Little by lit mmd. FIrst, JOlmng the audIence in a tle we learn about similarities differ standing ovation at the conclusion of ences and the misconception :.ve had the performance. Second, reading in about our alleged "enemy." . The Times the next day that "Char Wars are usually associated with iots of Fire," a British cinema produc honor, power and nationalism, When The small Argentine contingent on tion, was topping the charts in ,;ar is declared the public always ral-. the Falkland Islands proved to be no Buenos Aires. And third, the ironic hes around its flag, usually blind match, for the technically advanced realization, that at that same mo folded by the media. Many people British naval force. . ment, 7000 miles south, Argentines believe. that war has a "positive" im~ ~nd Englishmen were killing each pact on society.. Tw~ years' ago my real seeds.of war: greed, dishonesty other. country (Argentina) went to wa:.;- over and stupidity. .00-00-you remember the conflict? If a couple of islands called Falklands . The Falklands/Malvinas war was not, allow me to refresh your mem and I couldn't understand why every: no exception. This is what we consid ory: April 2, 1982, Argentina invaded body was celebrating. And then one ered the importance of writing testi the Falkland Islands, claiming sover morni~g my friends started returning monial. essays for both sides of the eignty. Great Britain declared war on home m wooden boxes and it was too conflict. In the process we rediscov Argentina the next day, and sent the late. Too late we realize that war is a ered that our only enemy is the evil fleet to the South Atlantic. The result game, and we finally discover the and absurdity of international wars. was a bloody conflict, lasting a

SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 17 The

of by Santiago O'Donnell and Winston Griffin

SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 17 t

month, and killing over a thousand. But when General Galtieri made Let us reflect for a moment on the his announcement on April 2, 1982, respective claims for sovereignty over nobody was thinking about the conse the islands. The first thing to realize quences. The islands have always is that the wealth of ambiguous. his been a big issue. We learn about torical fact regarding the Falklands them in school ftom first grade on. To does confuse the issue. For instance, the whole population the islands have does discovery, mapping and landing come to symbolize British imperial imply sovereignty? Or is a territory ism. The scapegoat for Argentina's claimed only after it is settled? Are failure to achieve greatness. The na economic settlements the defining tional dream is that someday, criterion? A military base perhaps? through some process of historical de Or must a system of government be terminism, the islands will be Argen first established? Depending on our tine again. interpretation, both sides have valid The prophecy had been fulfilled arguments. The problem, then, and Galtieri was the Messiah. Most seems to be putting historic detail Argentines were so convinced of their into a workable and current context. righteousness that they never stopped As history is unable to help, maybe to think. For the first time in years geography will provide an answer. Argentina was united I But something The Falklands are a ,tiny group of is was wrong. Two days before the an lanc}s, 200 miles off the Argentinian nouncement, this same country had coast. Their value? Potential fisJ:1ery been paralyzed by a general strike and strategic location (overlooking and a massive demonstration in front the Strait of Magellan) or so I'm told. of the government house. The econ Self-defense? Definitely not. Anger? . omy was in the worst crisis in the na No, I don't think so. Fear of being lation's history, and the government . belled cowards? Perhaps. Pride? had reached the lowest point of popu That's more like it. A calculated po larity of any Argentine government. litical game? Better still. Why would millions of people sup Back to the academic world. There port the same dictatorship that had is a theory in political science called oppressed them for the past five "Internal cohesion through external years? This is one of the evils of war. conflict." Just a posh name for dis Nobody wants to be called a coward tracting people's attention from do or a traitor. War can be a magical so mestic issues and focusing them on a lution. Galtieri was well aware that common external influence. I believe World War II had solved the Ameri . this idea can be applied to some ex matter of minutes the streets were a can depression and he lived to do the .tent to England. (Before proceeding, festival. A mass of people had t.aken same thing with Argentina. Mter five allow me to include a caveat-I'm them, interrupting the traffic to the years of galloping inflation and inter staunchly conservative and back Nothing Is Black scream of Ar-gen-tinal Ar-geri-tinal nal violence Argentines needed a Thatcher on most issues.) Thatcher It was rush hour in Buenos Aires, cause to rally around, a reason to cel was suffering from decreasing popu but nobody was in a hurry. Without ebrate. Galtieri, on the other hand, larity, 11-12% unemployment, and distinctions of any type, the whole needed all the support he could get. and White an almost zero growth economy. M city was celebrating a historical mo The authoritarian control over the ter the conflict, her popularity had ment. Surprisingly there were no pro mass media allowed the government jumped, allowing her to score a land tests, no political slogans and no po to deceive public opinion and dissent South Africa is much in the news Political economists looking at , slide victory over Labor in the next lice brutality. The atmosphere was election. ing voices were promptly silenced. these days. Almost daily the newspa South Africa begin with one common identical to the 1978 celebration of The chances were one in a million, I do not think Britain planned the pers bring further details of the inhu assumption. This is that the political the Soccer World Cup victory. but Galtieri's back was against the mane and abhorrent system of apart and economic spheres cannot be conflict, but I do think they were in What was going on? Our illustri directly responsible for not avoiding wall. He knew that victory would heid. There is increased pressure in viewed as two independ~nt and unre ous· president Leopoldo Galtieri had make him a hero and reinstate his the war by seeking a political solu the United States for Reagan's Ad lated realms but, rather, they must be just made a' chain announcement on credibility. The price of his gamble ministration to abandon its policy of tion, which, given previous relations the National Broadcast and Radio . seen as being in complex int!;lraction was 1500 lives-boys who never "constructive engagement" with the with each other. However, from this between Argentina and Great Brit~ system deClaring' that' Argentina had dreamed when they were drafted out South Mrican government in order to shared beginning there are di ain, could surely have been achieved~ finally "repossessed" the Malvinas. I ~ery, of the slums, that a month later tlley pursue a more confrontationist and vergent views on the specifics of this In any event, Thatcher won, and call General Galtieri illustrious be would be facing in combat an army direct role in bringing about change interaction. Generally speaking these Galtieri lost, but far too mimy young cause Pink Floyd's "Final Cut" album lives were sacrificed on a senseless po of computerized NATO veterans. In in South Mrica. How one goes about views can be separated into two made him famous, and I call him their graves are buried the illusions of Bishop Tutu with the Archbishop of litical wager. "president" because he self analyzing the So~th African situation' schools of thought: the reformist and millions of Argentines who chose to Canterbury, Dr. Robert Runcie. will determine one's ideas about the the revisionist schools. In Buenos Aires proclaimed himself s'o, 'and the dream because that was all they had United Nations approved. Otherwise "correct" United States policy to The reformist school represents the l!;lft. They had been robbed of every liberal orthodoxy in Suddenly there was an explosion. I he is directly responsible for the mas wards South Africa. What is a useful South Africa. Its thing else .• basic thesis is that .the process of capi- opened the window of my apartment sacre of at least. 1500 boys, thechil framework for an analysis? . and the trumpet of a thousat:ld horns dren of the Malvinas .. Many of them of cars calling for celebration. In a never celebrated their 19th birthday.

18 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 19 i I ). t

18 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 19 i I ). 1

talist development has been and con tinues to be a motor for the moderni zation of South African social relations. The capitalist market oper ates within an environment set by the social rooms and institutions of South African society. For the market to op There seems tcibe no doubtthat "shows no grounds for hope thatit erate efficiently, some measure of some of Notre Dame's money is . .. .' will fulfill its ethicaLresponsibilities." consistency must exist between the re invested in SOtlth Africa via major quirements of the market and these "N"...... D ...., . . ""1'. The policy statement concludes by multil1ationals. The remaining . . .. Otre ". ',

20 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 21

,./, . 1 talist development has been and con tinues to be a motor for the moderni zation of South African social relations. The capitalist market oper ates within an environment set by the social rooms and institutions of South African society. For the market to op There seems tcibe no doubtthat "shows no grounds for hope thatit erate efficiently, some measure of some of Notre Dame's money is . .. .' will fulfill its ethicaLresponsibilities." consistency must exist between the re invested in SOtlth Africa via major quirements of the market and these "N"...... D ...., . . ""1'. The policy statement concludes by multil1ationals. The remaining . . .. Otre ". ',

20 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 21

,./, . in an analysis of South Africa's prob an analysis of the U.S., the fact re A forms the backdrop to the establish- mains that the revisionist position ment of apartheid in 1948~ , lems and the possible solutions? An swers begin to emerge when we look does embody a critical assessment of How do the revisionists explain the the capitalist system. fact that there has been an overhaul at the implications of the U.S. adopt of labor relations legislation in order ing a policy that calls for disinvest to include black trade unions, or the ment in South Africa and economic JEWEL fact that the capitalist sector has be sanctions against South Africa. This certainly is a topical issue in the U.S. ThUS, the reformist/revisionist gun to provide for the training and framework reveals some important housing of its black workers, or the and especially so to us at Notre Dame in view of the considerable disquiet though not always obvious insights fact that discrimination on the basis about disinvestment in South Africa of skin color has indeed been disap some of our students have expressed IN THE over the possibility of Notre Dame and economic sanctions against South pearing from the job selection proc Africa. The broad hope is that ess? Once again they place these re having some investments in South Af rica. The Observer of September 6, knowledge of these two opposing forms within a historical context. By schools of thought will help to render by Luiz Hernandez doing this they show that the black 1984, has front-page headlines which U read: "Notre Dame joins study of the complex situation in South Africa pon my arrival at Notre Dame I and the PIP (Pu t R' I d trade union movement was vicari more intelligible, while at the same . d d ' er 0 ICan n epen- American companies in South Af was ~rpn~e an perturbed at the dence Party) which strives for inde- ously repressed by the apartheid state time bringing to bear some fresh per in the 1960s and early 1970s and this rica." There is little doubt that stu ~um e\0 s~udents ,:"ho. did not ,pendence. Last year's elections were dent rumblings played a major part spectives upon the position of capital now. were yerto RICO IS. South won by Rafael Hernandez Colon repression met with no indignant ism itself within an ethical context .• cries from the capitalists. Yet, despite in catalyzing such a move. It there Amenca, Central America and A!rica (PPD) who defeated two-term over- this repression, the 1970s witnessed fore seems pertinent for us to see ~ere sOfme of t~e answers I receIved. nor Carlos Romero Barcelo (~NP) an astonishing growth in the black what light the reformist/revisionist orne 0 them dId not even know that The Popular . unions. In an ironical twist, once the framework throws on disinvestment Puerto Rico is a territory of the has black unions had emerged they found in South Africa and sanctions against United States and that i, e the themselves in an environment with South Africa. American citizens. As a to Ri recent no rules dictating their behavior be- Within the reformist framework, BIG@ can, allow e to tell yo lit ment 'cause the rules had been designed anything which strengthens South Af abou the only to prevent their emergence. The rica's capitalist development is help LUMBER CENTER erta Ri' ',' the small The capitalists found this situation to be ing the country along the road to sig p of islands called "Les lation unacceptable and quickly engineered nificant evolutionary change. Thus, ifS., ores" (Cuba, Jamaica, ough Ricans a restructuring of the industrial rela the first insight is that there can be ola), is locate in the C n 0 voting representation in e tions regulations to include the black no argument for disinvestment or 1050 miles S, uth of lorida. United States Congress, and are ex- unions. Viewed in this light the labor sanctions within a reformist perspec • ARMIIRONG CEIUNG TILE • POWER TOOlS all islan .00 miles x 50 empt from federal income taxes. On reform becomes an attempt at con tive. The only possible exception here • CABINETS • LUMBER mil . ered by Christopher the other hand, we are eligible for if • PLYWOOD • HARDWARE straint a~d co-option. is the threat of disinvestment or • OLYMPIC STAIN • PlUMBING & Colum on November 19, 1493. He the draft, and the United States ~ PANELING . ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES In a similar vein, the revisionists sanctions is to be used as a political AND MUCH. MUCH MORE, . , named the island San Juan Bautiste maintains important naval bases on suggested that by the 1970s the needs tool but there is no intention of actu and for~allyclaimed it for Spain. the island. Furthermore we do par- of the capitalist sector were such that ally implementing such a threat. On The mam harbor and capital city in ticipate in federal prog;ams such as the other hand there is a clear argu . EASY the northern part of theisland were SocI'al SecurI't F d St d Porto Rico's shift from an agricul the whites could no longer supply d . y, 00 amps an . ment for both disinvestment and II name Puerto Rico (Rich Harbor). Medicare. tural economy to a manufacturing sufficient skilled and semiskilled la economy began three decades ago. bor to meet the increasingly skill sanctions from the revisionist perspec Eventually the capital came to be I . I tive. From this perspective, real called San Juan and the island Puerto t IS precise y this relationship with . Sugar cane, coffee, sweet potato and intensive productionrequfrements. It the United States that is the most other products are still grown but not was for this reason that industry be change in South Africa requires the 25, 1898, is one of the m' o'st' pressing issue on Puerto Rico's politi- dismantling of the structures of racial ,RiJ~iy at previous levels. The government came involved in the training and cal agenda: Commonwealth vs. has been promoting programs to in housing of black employees and that capitalism. Disinvestment and sanc important dates in our history. On Statehood, Commonwealth vs. Inde- tions would constitute an important this day, the United States Army en- pendence. In truth, the only verifi- crease the production of crops and la the practice of reserving jobs for bor. 'One of the latest programs is the whites disappeared. Thus, even if condition and perhaps even a pre tered the Bay of Guanica and in-' able fact concerning our status is the condition for a fundamental revision vaded the unresisting island. Spain's 1967 national plebiscite that resulted development of rice crops in large these "reforms" could be labelled as ------•••••••••• ~uantities. With time and effort, ag market initiated, for the revisionists, of South Africa society. ==:::.~~~ subsequent defeat in the Hispano- in 60.4% preferring Co~monwealth, In the U.S., the argument for dis rIculture has the potential to regain the market could never catalyze the ;;@ Amencan War forced it to give 39% opting for Statehood and .6% , the importance it had three decades type of charge that black South Afri investment in South Africa is often 272·6500 P~erto Rico, Guam and the Philip- claiming Independent status. Noth- ago. based on the feeling that money in 125 DIXIE WAY NORTH pInes to the United States in the in.g can be done with regard to cans are looking for. Capitalism is One seems to be able to write end- seen as being very much part of the vested in South Africa is "dirty LUMBER ROSELAND Treaty of Paris. P uerto Rico's status, however until a money." These investments are seen as CENTER Our political system is molded af- I b' ' ,lessly about one's own culture, history , problem and it is seen as standing in h new p e Iscite is made: Puerto Ricans and people. But I trust you now the majority of South Africans. For giving legitimacy and even support to "I ter t e United States. A "new kind of must decide this issue by themselves the apartheid regime. In terms of the state:' was formally established on democratically. ' know a ~ittle more about my home this reason, a gradual reforming of land. WIth the wealth of detail pre I revisionist/reformist framework, such July 25,1952, The Commonwealth of Puer~ Rico's economy is troubled the system is not possible. Rather, a ' sented, I hope that you will remem complete revision of the system is a contention implies a revisionist ar Puerto Rico. Elections are held every b 220/, . , I gument. Herein lies a thorny issue for f?ur years. There are three main par- y 0 unemployment and a high ber that the sun shines and a gentle necessary whether change comes by ties: The PPD (Popular Democratic cost of living. Still, one of its main breeze flutters over our island. (Un nonviolent or violent means, it must the U.S. disinvestment campaign, for, I while one would never want to na Party) which believes in the Com- sources of income, the tourist indus- like ~ne place we all know well!) ~ , be revolutionary. m. onwealth, the PNP (New Progres- try, is flourishing. Many Americans Spamsh and American traditions i How can one use the framework of ively transfer South Africa's experi P ) h escape from the heavy winter of the ence of capitalist development onto mingle, making us special and proud these two schools of thought to assist Sive arty w ich supports statehood, States to the tropical weather. Touris- to be born in Puerto Rico .•

22 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 23 in an analysis of South Africa's prob an analysis of the U.S., the fact re A forms the backdrop to the establish- mains that the revisionist position ment of apartheid in 1948~ , lems and the possible solutions? An swers begin to emerge when we look does embody a critical assessment of How do the revisionists explain the the capitalist system. fact that there has been an overhaul at the implications of the U.S. adopt of labor relations legislation in order ing a policy that calls for disinvest to include black trade unions, or the ment in South Africa and economic JEWEL fact that the capitalist sector has be sanctions against South Africa. This certainly is a topical issue in the U.S. ThUS, the reformist/revisionist gun to provide for the training and framework reveals some important housing of its black workers, or the and especially so to us at Notre Dame in view of the considerable disquiet though not always obvious insights fact that discrimination on the basis about disinvestment in South Africa of skin color has indeed been disap some of our students have expressed IN THE over the possibility of Notre Dame and economic sanctions against South pearing from the job selection proc Africa. The broad hope is that ess? Once again they place these re having some investments in South Af rica. The Observer of September 6, knowledge of these two opposing forms within a historical context. By schools of thought will help to render by Luiz Hernandez doing this they show that the black 1984, has front-page headlines which U read: "Notre Dame joins study of the complex situation in South Africa pon my arrival at Notre Dame I and the PIP (Pu t R' I d trade union movement was vicari more intelligible, while at the same . d d ' er 0 ICan n epen- American companies in South Af was ~rpn~e an perturbed at the dence Party) which strives for inde- ously repressed by the apartheid state time bringing to bear some fresh per in the 1960s and early 1970s and this rica." There is little doubt that stu ~um e\0 s~udents ,:"ho. did not ,pendence. Last year's elections were dent rumblings played a major part spectives upon the position of capital now. were yerto RICO IS. South won by Rafael Hernandez Colon repression met with no indignant ism itself within an ethical context .• cries from the capitalists. Yet, despite in catalyzing such a move. It there Amenca, Central America and A!rica (PPD) who defeated two-term over- this repression, the 1970s witnessed fore seems pertinent for us to see ~ere sOfme of t~e answers I receIved. nor Carlos Romero Barcelo (~NP) an astonishing growth in the black what light the reformist/revisionist orne 0 them dId not even know that The Popular . unions. In an ironical twist, once the framework throws on disinvestment Puerto Rico is a territory of the has black unions had emerged they found in South Africa and sanctions against United States and that i, e the themselves in an environment with South Africa. American citizens. As a to Ri recent no rules dictating their behavior be- Within the reformist framework, BIG@ can, allow e to tell yo lit ment 'cause the rules had been designed anything which strengthens South Af abou the only to prevent their emergence. The rica's capitalist development is help LUMBER CENTER erta Ri' ',' the small The capitalists found this situation to be ing the country along the road to sig p of islands called "Les lation unacceptable and quickly engineered nificant evolutionary change. Thus, ifS., ores" (Cuba, Jamaica, ough Ricans a restructuring of the industrial rela the first insight is that there can be ola), is locate in the C n 0 voting representation in e tions regulations to include the black no argument for disinvestment or 1050 miles S, uth of lorida. United States Congress, and are ex- unions. Viewed in this light the labor sanctions within a reformist perspec • ARMIIRONG CEIUNG TILE • POWER TOOlS all islan .00 miles x 50 empt from federal income taxes. On reform becomes an attempt at con tive. The only possible exception here • CABINETS • LUMBER mil . ered by Christopher the other hand, we are eligible for if • PLYWOOD • HARDWARE straint a~d co-option. is the threat of disinvestment or • OLYMPIC STAIN • PlUMBING & Colum on November 19, 1493. He the draft, and the United States ~ PANELING . ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES In a similar vein, the revisionists sanctions is to be used as a political AND MUCH. MUCH MORE, . , named the island San Juan Bautiste maintains important naval bases on suggested that by the 1970s the needs tool but there is no intention of actu and for~allyclaimed it for Spain. the island. Furthermore we do par- of the capitalist sector were such that ally implementing such a threat. On The mam harbor and capital city in ticipate in federal prog;ams such as the other hand there is a clear argu . EASY the northern part of theisland were SocI'al SecurI't F d St d Porto Rico's shift from an agricul the whites could no longer supply d . y, 00 amps an . ment for both disinvestment and II name Puerto Rico (Rich Harbor). Medicare. tural economy to a manufacturing sufficient skilled and semiskilled la economy began three decades ago. bor to meet the increasingly skill sanctions from the revisionist perspec Eventually the capital came to be I . I tive. From this perspective, real called San Juan and the island Puerto t IS precise y this relationship with . Sugar cane, coffee, sweet potato and intensive productionrequfrements. It the United States that is the most other products are still grown but not was for this reason that industry be change in South Africa requires the 25, 1898, is one of the m' o'st' pressing issue on Puerto Rico's politi- dismantling of the structures of racial ,RiJ~iy at previous levels. The government came involved in the training and cal agenda: Commonwealth vs. has been promoting programs to in housing of black employees and that capitalism. Disinvestment and sanc important dates in our history. On Statehood, Commonwealth vs. Inde- tions would constitute an important this day, the United States Army en- pendence. In truth, the only verifi- crease the production of crops and la the practice of reserving jobs for bor. 'One of the latest programs is the whites disappeared. Thus, even if condition and perhaps even a pre tered the Bay of Guanica and in-' able fact concerning our status is the condition for a fundamental revision vaded the unresisting island. Spain's 1967 national plebiscite that resulted development of rice crops in large these "reforms" could be labelled as ------•••••••••• ~uantities. With time and effort, ag market initiated, for the revisionists, of South Africa society. ==:::.~~~ subsequent defeat in the Hispano- in 60.4% preferring Co~monwealth, In the U.S., the argument for dis rIculture has the potential to regain the market could never catalyze the ;;@ Amencan War forced it to give 39% opting for Statehood and .6% , the importance it had three decades type of charge that black South Afri investment in South Africa is often 272·6500 P~erto Rico, Guam and the Philip- claiming Independent status. Noth- ago. based on the feeling that money in 125 DIXIE WAY NORTH pInes to the United States in the in.g can be done with regard to cans are looking for. Capitalism is One seems to be able to write end- seen as being very much part of the vested in South Africa is "dirty LUMBER ROSELAND Treaty of Paris. P uerto Rico's status, however until a money." These investments are seen as CENTER Our political system is molded af- I b' ' ,lessly about one's own culture, history , problem and it is seen as standing in h new p e Iscite is made: Puerto Ricans and people. But I trust you now the majority of South Africans. For giving legitimacy and even support to "I ter t e United States. A "new kind of must decide this issue by themselves the apartheid regime. In terms of the state:' was formally established on democratically. ' know a ~ittle more about my home this reason, a gradual reforming of land. WIth the wealth of detail pre I revisionist/reformist framework, such July 25,1952, The Commonwealth of Puer~ Rico's economy is troubled the system is not possible. Rather, a ' sented, I hope that you will remem complete revision of the system is a contention implies a revisionist ar Puerto Rico. Elections are held every b 220/, . , I gument. Herein lies a thorny issue for f?ur years. There are three main par- y 0 unemployment and a high ber that the sun shines and a gentle necessary whether change comes by ties: The PPD (Popular Democratic cost of living. Still, one of its main breeze flutters over our island. (Un nonviolent or violent means, it must the U.S. disinvestment campaign, for, I while one would never want to na Party) which believes in the Com- sources of income, the tourist indus- like ~ne place we all know well!) ~ , be revolutionary. m. onwealth, the PNP (New Progres- try, is flourishing. Many Americans Spamsh and American traditions i How can one use the framework of ively transfer South Africa's experi P ) h escape from the heavy winter of the ence of capitalist development onto mingle, making us special and proud these two schools of thought to assist Sive arty w ich supports statehood, States to the tropical weather. Touris- to be born in Puerto Rico .•

22 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 23 .,

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Uphill to Independence .1

A REPORT FROM NICARAGUA. by Joe Bongiovi ~ 11. i i~ dino." U.S. citizens do not even need Where to begin and what to say Nicaragua, a summer studying in .;'1 are two of the many obstacles which neighboring Costa Rica and a pre a visa to enter Nicaragua. All you :' present themselves to anyone trying vious visit to Nicaragua, I had hoped need is to express an urge to see and to do justice in writing on the topic of that my second trip would help to to understand Nicaragua. If you go Nicaragua today. You may arrive in clarify my understanding of the revo by bus, you have to be willing to wait Nicaragua one way or thinking some lution and the renewed civil violence three to four hours at the border in thing,. but your ideas and preconcep which engulfs Nicaragua today. The the hot sun while undergoing a rigor tions are destined to be jolted by the contradictions, tensions and frustra ous bureaucratic regimen and being complexities of history, tradition, tions of trying to understand a revo ·scrutinized rather thoroughly. If you family relations, development pat lution struggling to define itself, how go by airplane, you have to be willing -terns and other phenomena in a na ever, were not to disappear. to change $60.00 at the official ex tion trying to rebuild itself after a The difficulties and contradictions change rate of 10 cordobas to the dol devastating earthquake in 1972 and inherent in Nicaragua today reach lar. This is a bit of a sacrifice since the costly civil war in the late 1970's. out at you from the moment you be the black market rate is between 260 After two semesters of research on gin to plan to visit the "land of San- and 350 cordobas to the dollar. .,

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Uphill to Independence .1

the mass organizations who find all the revolutionary victory. from 33 to 47 members and enlarged of their problems linked to U.S. im The Sandinistas had enlarged the their own representation to a major perialism and all their answers quaSi-legislative Council of State ity. They then postponed elections for wrapped up in a neat little ball called a span of five years as they gradually the "historic plan of the FSLN." A built up a parallel government struc Sandinista labor union (CST) official ture. It is pretty well accepted that told me that Nicaragua had a work "N icaragua is tired· most important decisions made in ers' government. It didn't seem to of so much war. 1984 were made by the Sandinista bother him that workers lost the right National Directorate, often over the to strike in the March 1982 State of For 160 years gov countermanding decisions of the Emergency and that nongovernment II)ulti-partisan Council of State and unions were repressed. A vehemently ernments have only the Junta. pro-Sandinista taxi driver explained The Army became the Popular that while the people overthrew the changed by the Sandinista Army and the police be tyranny of Somoza, it was the van came the Sandinista police. There guard FSLN which inspired them, bullet. Now, we were the Popular Sandinista Militias, ~howed them how and was now de will fight in the the Sandinista Defense Committees, fending their interests. the Sandinista Workers Communes Seguimos de frente, con el Frente The opposition, however, has a dif civic field against and the Sandinista Workers Central. ferent reading of events since 1979. The army of the Sandinistas stood Theirs is one of growing alienation this Marxist at 22,000 in 1981, with an active re and frustration. Alfonso Robelo, who serve force of 50,000 and a militia of was a member of the first govern Leninjst govern 80,000. Somoza had kept a standing ment junta, fled in 1982 to take up army of 8,000 until the insurrections arms against his former employer. ment to avoid (be of 1978, when he enlarged the Na Robelo complained of repression coming) what tional Guard to 15,000 men. Eden against the private sector, constraints Pastora (Comandante Zero), who had on political parties and the breach of Cuba is:' created the Sandinista Militia, finally promises made by the FSLN before left Nicaragua in 1982 in a dispute over the growing role of Cuban, So viet, Bulgarian and East German military advisors. Tod.ay, those ,mili tias have grown to 230,000-300,000 . men and women. All told, Nicaragua today has more people under arms than all countries in the region, from Mexicoto 'Panama, had in 1979. Once in Nicaragua, one's attention America, spanning nearly the entire Much though not all of the military is immediately drawn to the almost isthmus, and connected to the Carib buildup is in direct response to overt anarchical social patterns. Even for bean by the San Juan River. Lake U.S. military threat to the nascent one accustomed to travelling the back "There is no short Nicaragua also has the distinction of government. roads of Latin America, Nicaragua is being the world's only freshwater In 1983, a draft law was passed the world of the bizarre between age of soldiers. home of sharks, swordfish, seahorses which obliged all men from the ages western capitalism and third world Extremely young and other typically ocean fish. of 16-26 to serve for two years. Many tevolutionary socialism. By the time At the northern end of Lake Nica Nicaraguans are furious over this. you've ventured as far into Nicaragua militiamen, volun ragua is the colonial city of Grenada. There. have been frequent demonstra as the frontier town of Rivas, you've It is the traditional home of the Con tions throughout Nicaragua' against seen walls plastered with the slogans teers and draftees servative elite and one of the few ma the draft. A woman in Esteli told me of a half dozen odd political parties jor cities to have escaped the devasta that the houses in the city are fre and organizations, Toyota pickups, mill around bear tion of the insurrection of 1977 to quently searched. She told me of two Soviet Jeeps and Ladas, Swedish .1979. Its beautiful churches and youths who had been taken following Volvos, West German Mercedes, East ing Soviet auto colonial-style buildings are conspicu a search. Closed coffins containing German military vehicles, Chevron, matic rifles and ous in Nicaragua for their lack of their bodies were soon sent back to Shell and Esso gas stations, a horse pockmarks from machine gun and ri Esteli. fle fire and the occasional city block cart or two and plenty of signs for clad in mix and The biggest complaint over the ,. Coke and Pepsi. There is no shortage reduced to rubble by the artillery and t draft law, though, is that Nicara Ii: of soldiers. Extremely young militia match uniforms aircraft of Somoza's National Guard. guans are being drafted into the San men, volunteers and draftees mill What has happened since the July 1 dinista army to fight for the Sandinis around bearing Soviet automatic ri made up of parts 19,1979, victory is open to much dis tas and not into the Nicaraguan army fles and clad in mix-and-match uni pute. Many who visit Nicaragua on to fight for Nicaragua. forms made up of parts from Cuba or from Cuba or So government-sponsored tours travel Lino Hernandez of the Permanent Somoza's National Guard. moza's National ling in air-conditioned minibuses Commission on Human Rights of Coming into Nicaragua from Costa have one story to tell. They would Nicaragua (CPDH), which had been Rica, most of the road is peaceful as Guard:' tend to agree with the many hun set up in 1977 to monitor human you pass the massive Lake Nicaragua. dreds of thousands of Sandinista bu rights violations by the Somoza gov It is the third largest lake in Latin reaucrats, soldiers and members of ernment, told me that the FSLN vio- 26 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 27

. ..' .' . . : '. - ~- -- --~-~--~---~~---~-~---~------~~~----- F

. ..' .' . . : '. - ~- -- --~-~--~---~~---~-~---~------~~~----- lated their own legal provisions for an orderly and fair draft. Exemptions for being an only child, the head of a household, physical handicaps, prior service and working in certain indus tries are systematically ignored. He also said that recruits are subject to FSLN propaganda and after only two weeks of training are frequently sent to the fronts. According to the Permanent Com mission on Human Rights, the DGSE is responsible for torture and deten tion of political prisoners who go be fore the "Anti-Somocista Tribunals" and who are usually sentenced by their own confessions. Nicaragua has 1,250 to 3,000 political prisoners and several hundred "disappeared" attrib uted to the government. While this is still slight by Central American standards, it demonstrates a disturb ing trend in a revolution originally marked by its tolerance, generosity which the CDN made was that a dia and respect for human rights. logue be opened with the U.S. Another major complaint of the "I had hoped that initiated and funded Counter people of Nicaragua is over wages, revolutionaries. The FDN, which rationing and shortages. Soup, milk, my second trip , operates out of Honduras, claims cooking oil, beans, rice, corn and wquld help to clar 12,000-15,000 combatants. The gasoline are all rationed. Other ARDE, which fights from Costa things such as toothpaste, bread, ifymy understand Rica, claims 4,000. The cost of the meat, eggs and toilet paper are in ex fighting has been 8,000 dead and at tremely short supply. While rationing ing of the revolu least 300 million dollars in damages helps to ease the burden of shortages since 1981. and high prices, it is not able to meet tion and the I asked Diputado Gustavo Men the needs of the people. They are of- 'doza Hernandez of the Democratic t~n forc~~i to the black market. In a renewed civil vio Conservative Party (PCD), who had nation where the minimum wage is lencewhich en , just been elected to the Assembly, 1,700 cordobas a month, the cost in about the elections. He spoke harshly Managua's sprawling "Mercado Ori gulfs ~icara~a about the CDN, La Prensa and other ental" is 50 cordobas for three kilos of groups which had led the fight to beans, 25 cordobas for 3 kilos of rice, today." " boycott the elections. He, however, 250-300 cordobas for a tube of tooth spoke more harshly of the Sandinis- paste, 250-400 cordobas for a bottle , tas. I asked him why the PCD which of shampoo, 150 cordobas for a dis ers had their passports revoked and came in secoRd in_ the voting, had posable Bic razor and 130 cordobas were not allowed to leave Nicaragua participated. He said that they for three rolls of toilet paper. Govern for a month. Officials at both La Pre wanted to lead a legal opposition. He ment workers and members of mass nsa 'and the Permanent Commission felt the elections were clean, if un organizations, however, have access on Human Rights claimed that the fairly weighted to the FSLN, and to special government stores and ben DGSE had broken into their office that his party could play a positive efits. ,and taken fileS. role in the legislative Constituent As Another major complaint is over In November 1984, the Nicaraguan sembly. "Nicaragua," he told me, "is censorship and the media. The gov people went to the polls in the first tired of so much war. For 160 years ernment controls both of the televi open and competitive elections since governments have only changed by sion' stations, one of the three news 1932. The FSLN won with 63 % of the bullet. Now, we will fight in ,the papers and 13 of the 39 licensed radio the vote as 75 % of the electorate civic field against this Marxist stations. The government is the only voted.' There was, however, much Leninist government to avoid (be one allowed to broadcast radio news controversy over the use by the FSLN coming) what Cuba is." Lino and maintains strict censorship of the of their position of being virtually Hernandez of the Permanent Com newspapers. According to Jaime Cha synonymous with the state. It was mission on Human Rights said, "The morro, General Director of the news this issue which led the main opposi United States and the Russians have paper La Prensa, censorship has tion coalition, the Nicaraguan Demo much to blame for what is happening forced them to suspend printing on cratic Coordinate (CDN) and their in Nicaragua. Each one has its own 30 occasions. Immediately after the presidential candidate, and former interests, the CIA as the KGB. Who November 4, 1984, elections, Cha Junta member, Arturo Cruz, to drop is dying? The sam:e peasants who al morro and 30 other opposition lead- out of the race. Another demand ways die!"

28 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 29

. .' .", . , - - ~ ~------~------~ --~ ~------~ ... ------~- lated their own legal provisions for an orderly and fair draft. Exemptions for being an only child, the head of a household, physical handicaps, prior service and working in certain indus tries are systematically ignored. He also said that recruits are subject to FSLN propaganda and after only two weeks of training are frequently sent to the fronts. According to the Permanent Com mission on Human Rights, the DGSE is responsible for torture and deten tion of political prisoners who go be fore the "Anti-Somocista Tribunals" and who are usually sentenced by their own confessions. Nicaragua has 1,250 to 3,000 political prisoners and several hundred "disappeared" attrib uted to the government. While this is still slight by Central American standards, it demonstrates a disturb ing trend in a revolution originally marked by its tolerance, generosity which the CDN made was that a dia and respect for human rights. logue be opened with the U.S. Another major complaint of the "I had hoped that initiated and funded Counter people of Nicaragua is over wages, revolutionaries. The FDN, which rationing and shortages. Soup, milk, my second trip , operates out of Honduras, claims cooking oil, beans, rice, corn and wquld help to clar 12,000-15,000 combatants. The gasoline are all rationed. Other ARDE, which fights from Costa things such as toothpaste, bread, ifymy understand Rica, claims 4,000. The cost of the meat, eggs and toilet paper are in ex fighting has been 8,000 dead and at tremely short supply. While rationing ing of the revolu least 300 million dollars in damages helps to ease the burden of shortages since 1981. and high prices, it is not able to meet tion and the I asked Diputado Gustavo Men the needs of the people. They are of- 'doza Hernandez of the Democratic t~n forc~~i to the black market. In a renewed civil vio Conservative Party (PCD), who had nation where the minimum wage is lencewhich en , just been elected to the Assembly, 1,700 cordobas a month, the cost in about the elections. He spoke harshly Managua's sprawling "Mercado Ori gulfs ~icara~a about the CDN, La Prensa and other ental" is 50 cordobas for three kilos of groups which had led the fight to beans, 25 cordobas for 3 kilos of rice, today." " boycott the elections. He, however, 250-300 cordobas for a tube of tooth spoke more harshly of the Sandinis- paste, 250-400 cordobas for a bottle , tas. I asked him why the PCD which of shampoo, 150 cordobas for a dis ers had their passports revoked and came in secoRd in_ the voting, had posable Bic razor and 130 cordobas were not allowed to leave Nicaragua participated. He said that they for three rolls of toilet paper. Govern for a month. Officials at both La Pre wanted to lead a legal opposition. He ment workers and members of mass nsa 'and the Permanent Commission felt the elections were clean, if un organizations, however, have access on Human Rights claimed that the fairly weighted to the FSLN, and to special government stores and ben DGSE had broken into their office that his party could play a positive efits. ,and taken fileS. role in the legislative Constituent As Another major complaint is over In November 1984, the Nicaraguan sembly. "Nicaragua," he told me, "is censorship and the media. The gov people went to the polls in the first tired of so much war. For 160 years ernment controls both of the televi open and competitive elections since governments have only changed by sion' stations, one of the three news 1932. The FSLN won with 63 % of the bullet. Now, we will fight in ,the papers and 13 of the 39 licensed radio the vote as 75 % of the electorate civic field against this Marxist stations. The government is the only voted.' There was, however, much Leninist government to avoid (be one allowed to broadcast radio news controversy over the use by the FSLN coming) what Cuba is." Lino and maintains strict censorship of the of their position of being virtually Hernandez of the Permanent Com newspapers. According to Jaime Cha synonymous with the state. It was mission on Human Rights said, "The morro, General Director of the news this issue which led the main opposi United States and the Russians have paper La Prensa, censorship has tion coalition, the Nicaraguan Demo much to blame for what is happening forced them to suspend printing on cratic Coordinate (CDN) and their in Nicaragua. Each one has its own 30 occasions. Immediately after the presidential candidate, and former interests, the CIA as the KGB. Who November 4, 1984, elections, Cha Junta member, Arturo Cruz, to drop is dying? The sam:e peasants who al morro and 30 other opposition lead- out of the race. Another demand ways die!"

28 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 29

. .' .", . , - - ~ ~------~------~ --~ ~------~ ... ------~- ''Americans tend to ism certainly had some unwanted prepare for the shock of Canadian the head and say "Very good, son. view the Canadian side effects. With equal amounts of football, a game modified to blasphe You'll make it as an American yet." French required on all packaging, the mous proportions to account for play He'll be forever grateful for your en people as a group· space for English on the back of corn ing fields the size of Namibia. To be couragement; flake boxes was reduced by half, and gin with there are only three downs One last issue remains-that of of beer-drinking, the literacy rate among anglophones and' three quarters which substan money. How much should you take. in Alberta plummeted. tially reduces the length of games, with you? More to the point, what axe-wielding, over By far the most influential person and allows for the whole schedule to are the ethical implications of a two weight bores who in Canadian history was Mackenzie be played out in the short summer dollar bill and why does it look like King who ran the country for nearly season. The field 'is marked in meters the· Queen trapped in a Peter Max speak with a funny a quarter of century by consulting his and the score is kept in liters. Of the painting? Recently, the Canadian dog on matters of state. He's followed sixty-two players permitted on the dollar dropped in value again, mak accent and spend closely by Lome Greene, the anchor field at any time-all of which, in ing it possible for you to go out, have man on CBC nightly news before sir addition to the referees and cheer a nice dinner with wine and a few most of their time ing three sons and moving to a ranch leaders, are eligible receivers-thirty drinks, take in a play and purchase ess in front of their near Virginia City. four ,must be Canadian. Needle~s to PetroCanada from the federal gov Geography: Canada is located hun say, coaches try to pass off American ernment for fifty or so American dol TV's'watching dreds of miles north of any point in ballplayers as native Canadians· but lars. A good rule of thumb is to sub the United States, including Alaska. with little success. Last fall, for in tract twenty percent from everything, hockey games and Its demanding climate can sustain stance, Warren Moon failed to.locate including hotel bills, travelling time • • life for just three short weeks in July. Hudson's Bay on a map in the pres between Canadian cities, and the Jacques Cousteau . Thus, in the interest of preventive ence of the league commissioner and number of slices in a loaf of bread. If medicine, the socialized health-care as a result was relegated to the NFL. visiting the Stratford festival, be documentaries." system each year finances a mass exo Another hurdle to overrcome is the aware that the last act of The Mer dus of the Canadian population to Canadian language,a cross between chant of Venice will not be shown. Florida or Bellingham to avoid frost English and comatose. Three simple That's just one effect of a sluggish Iflt bite. rules will suffice for a working Canadian economy. The country itself is divided into knowledge of the dialect: Unfortunately, not all questions ten provinces: Ontario, Nova Scotia, 1. "Out" and "about" are pro about Canada can be answered in fif by Cam Sylvester Prince Edward Island (PEl) Quebec, nounced "oooo-t" and ':ah-booot." teen minutes. Burning issues like Montreal, Toronto, West of Toronto 2. The plural of "beer" is "beer"; manifest destiny and Margaret Tru (WOT), the Yukon, The Place Where the plural of "leaf' is "Leafs." deau were not even addressed. Never They Kill Baby Seals (TPWTKBS), 3. Canadians, suffering from an theless, I hope that with the above and Wayne Gretsky. Each of the inferiority complex, crave your ap guide in hand, you will be prepared TheY're pretty seductive, aren't promptly packed her off to the forests Christopher Columbus landed on the provinces has a capital city and par proval on any statement they venture for the strange culture and hardy they? of British Columbia where, for all shores of Newfoundland. He was fol liament. For instance, the capital of (i.e.: "I was walking down the street, souls that await you in the magnifi I'm speaking, of course, about the practical purposes, she disappeared lowed quickly by the French and En West of Toronto (WOT) is Victoria, eh? And this guy comes up to me, eh? cent land to the north. ads. I know you've seen them. The from the face of the earth. Now, just glish who sailed to the Gulf of St. located on Vancouver Island, which And he asks me to bet on the Leafs' Then again, maybe this was all in ones in Newsweek beckoning, "Come try and talk logically with her about. Lawrence in search of beaver pelts should not be mistaken for the village game, eh?") If this occurs, as it most formation that you, as an American, to Canada. The Endless Surprise." any subject-like why you deserve to and Canadian bacon to bring back to of Vancouver which is not on Vancou certainly will, be as supportive as already knew about Canada.• They kind of get you all tingly inside, use the car free of charge all summer, the royal courts of Europe. These set ver Island, but on the mainland next possible of the Canadian. Pat him on don't they? Make you want to pack seeing you are a poor graduate stu tlers traded with the indigenous In to New Westminster where the old , . , up the kids, along with an adequate dent without any visible means of dian population, offering curling parliament buildings are located, but supply of stocking caps and thermal support-and you can see in a second rinks and provincial elections in ex .is not the capital, and certainly ACE IS THE PLACE underwear ("Just in case it snowsl") that she's never quite recovered from change for the furs and meat. shouldn't be confused with Westmin WITH THE HELPFUL HARDWARE MAN and point the old Buick towards the blow. Trading went on to varying degrees ster which is in London-the one in Moose Jaw, Medicine Hat or any of And that's all because she wasn't of intensity until the arrival of Pierre England and not the one in Ontario. ACE the other Canadian communities prepared for Canada-"the endless Trudeau in 1968. He brought to Can I'm sure you get the idea. • GARDEN huddled for warmth along the 49th surprise." HARDWARE SUf·I'J.IES ada a sense of purpose and nation Ninety-six percent of the country is • HC'JSf:W ARES parallel. It's in the spirit of public service, hood. He also brought T. V. dinners covered by lakes. The other four per- • HARDWARE The ads are just that powerful then, that I offer the following ex • SI'C~R riNG with French instructions. In power . cent is tundra and mountains. The GOOPS and without even any exclamation cerpts from the "15 Minute Guide to -- IfOURS-_ for nearly sixteen years (he retired in population is an equal mix of French, 17.30 AM To 5 30 P.M. marks(I), StilI, few travellers know of Canadian History, Geography and 1984, handing over the leadership of English, Ukrainian and elk. Cll"lv'c1 Su",fay • PAINTS the tremendous culture shock that Culture." This handy publication is' the Liberal Party to Brian Adams), Culture: Americans tend to view the • TOOLS • PlUMBING & may occur after crossing the Cana placed in the rucksack of every Cana Trudeau strove to unite Canada Canadian people as a group of beer nr.CTRICAL dian border. A word to the wise: dian before he or she snowshoes south through his policy of dating women drinking, axe-wielding, overweight <;IJPPIIF.S tourists leavirig the ethereal womb for college in the' States, and I've from as many regions of the country bores who speak with a funny accent that is America risk permanent emo found it quite heipful in preparing as possible. Whether or not' he was' and spend most of their time in front tional damage if not properly pre FREf. PARKING .my American friends· for their foray correct in evoking the War . Measures of their TV's watching hockey games FRONT & Rf.AR pared for the·Canadian experience. into the mysterious culture of Cana Act~giving him extraordinary power and Jacques Cousteau documenta Take my mom. A farm girl from· da's hunting/gathering society. Let . to make obscene gestures at members ries. This simplistic, though fairly ac 219 DIXIE WAY Idaho, she met a Canadian at grad me share portions of the pamphlet of the .Quebec Liberation Front with curate, description will not suffice for NO. IN RCSEJ.A!'ID school in Washington state and mar with you. . out consulting Parliament-will be those Americans hoping to survive in 272-7535 ried the man, without ever checking History: Canada began its trek to left for future historians to debate. the wilds of the north. . into his geographical roots .. He wards nationhood in 1492 when Nevertheless, his policy of bilingual- The American tourist must first

30 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 31 ''Americans tend to ism certainly had some unwanted prepare for the shock of Canadian the head and say "Very good, son. view the Canadian side effects. With equal amounts of football, a game modified to blasphe You'll make it as an American yet." French required on all packaging, the mous proportions to account for play He'll be forever grateful for your en people as a group· space for English on the back of corn ing fields the size of Namibia. To be couragement; flake boxes was reduced by half, and gin with there are only three downs One last issue remains-that of of beer-drinking, the literacy rate among anglophones and' three quarters which substan money. How much should you take. in Alberta plummeted. tially reduces the length of games, with you? More to the point, what axe-wielding, over By far the most influential person and allows for the whole schedule to are the ethical implications of a two weight bores who in Canadian history was Mackenzie be played out in the short summer dollar bill and why does it look like King who ran the country for nearly season. The field 'is marked in meters the· Queen trapped in a Peter Max speak with a funny a quarter of century by consulting his and the score is kept in liters. Of the painting? Recently, the Canadian dog on matters of state. He's followed sixty-two players permitted on the dollar dropped in value again, mak accent and spend closely by Lome Greene, the anchor field at any time-all of which, in ing it possible for you to go out, have man on CBC nightly news before sir addition to the referees and cheer a nice dinner with wine and a few most of their time ing three sons and moving to a ranch leaders, are eligible receivers-thirty drinks, take in a play and purchase ess in front of their near Virginia City. four ,must be Canadian. Needle~s to PetroCanada from the federal gov Geography: Canada is located hun say, coaches try to pass off American ernment for fifty or so American dol TV's'watching dreds of miles north of any point in ballplayers as native Canadians· but lars. A good rule of thumb is to sub the United States, including Alaska. with little success. Last fall, for in tract twenty percent from everything, hockey games and Its demanding climate can sustain stance, Warren Moon failed to.locate including hotel bills, travelling time • • life for just three short weeks in July. Hudson's Bay on a map in the pres between Canadian cities, and the Jacques Cousteau . Thus, in the interest of preventive ence of the league commissioner and number of slices in a loaf of bread. If medicine, the socialized health-care as a result was relegated to the NFL. visiting the Stratford festival, be documentaries." system each year finances a mass exo Another hurdle to overrcome is the aware that the last act of The Mer dus of the Canadian population to Canadian language,a cross between chant of Venice will not be shown. Florida or Bellingham to avoid frost English and comatose. Three simple That's just one effect of a sluggish Iflt bite. rules will suffice for a working Canadian economy. The country itself is divided into knowledge of the dialect: Unfortunately, not all questions ten provinces: Ontario, Nova Scotia, 1. "Out" and "about" are pro about Canada can be answered in fif by Cam Sylvester Prince Edward Island (PEl) Quebec, nounced "oooo-t" and ':ah-booot." teen minutes. Burning issues like Montreal, Toronto, West of Toronto 2. The plural of "beer" is "beer"; manifest destiny and Margaret Tru (WOT), the Yukon, The Place Where the plural of "leaf' is "Leafs." deau were not even addressed. Never They Kill Baby Seals (TPWTKBS), 3. Canadians, suffering from an theless, I hope that with the above and Wayne Gretsky. Each of the inferiority complex, crave your ap guide in hand, you will be prepared TheY're pretty seductive, aren't promptly packed her off to the forests Christopher Columbus landed on the provinces has a capital city and par proval on any statement they venture for the strange culture and hardy they? of British Columbia where, for all shores of Newfoundland. He was fol liament. For instance, the capital of (i.e.: "I was walking down the street, souls that await you in the magnifi I'm speaking, of course, about the practical purposes, she disappeared lowed quickly by the French and En West of Toronto (WOT) is Victoria, eh? And this guy comes up to me, eh? cent land to the north. ads. I know you've seen them. The from the face of the earth. Now, just glish who sailed to the Gulf of St. located on Vancouver Island, which And he asks me to bet on the Leafs' Then again, maybe this was all in ones in Newsweek beckoning, "Come try and talk logically with her about. Lawrence in search of beaver pelts should not be mistaken for the village game, eh?") If this occurs, as it most formation that you, as an American, to Canada. The Endless Surprise." any subject-like why you deserve to and Canadian bacon to bring back to of Vancouver which is not on Vancou certainly will, be as supportive as already knew about Canada.• They kind of get you all tingly inside, use the car free of charge all summer, the royal courts of Europe. These set ver Island, but on the mainland next possible of the Canadian. Pat him on don't they? Make you want to pack seeing you are a poor graduate stu tlers traded with the indigenous In to New Westminster where the old , . , up the kids, along with an adequate dent without any visible means of dian population, offering curling parliament buildings are located, but supply of stocking caps and thermal support-and you can see in a second rinks and provincial elections in ex .is not the capital, and certainly ACE IS THE PLACE underwear ("Just in case it snowsl") that she's never quite recovered from change for the furs and meat. shouldn't be confused with Westmin WITH THE HELPFUL HARDWARE MAN and point the old Buick towards the blow. Trading went on to varying degrees ster which is in London-the one in Moose Jaw, Medicine Hat or any of And that's all because she wasn't of intensity until the arrival of Pierre England and not the one in Ontario. ACE the other Canadian communities prepared for Canada-"the endless Trudeau in 1968. He brought to Can I'm sure you get the idea. • GARDEN huddled for warmth along the 49th surprise." HARDWARE SUf·I'J.IES ada a sense of purpose and nation Ninety-six percent of the country is • HC'JSf:W ARES parallel. It's in the spirit of public service, hood. He also brought T. V. dinners covered by lakes. The other four per- • HARDWARE The ads are just that powerful then, that I offer the following ex • SI'C~R riNG with French instructions. In power . cent is tundra and mountains. The GOOPS and without even any exclamation cerpts from the "15 Minute Guide to -- IfOURS-_ for nearly sixteen years (he retired in population is an equal mix of French, 17.30 AM To 5 30 P.M. marks(I), StilI, few travellers know of Canadian History, Geography and 1984, handing over the leadership of English, Ukrainian and elk. Cll"lv'c1 Su",fay • PAINTS the tremendous culture shock that Culture." This handy publication is' the Liberal Party to Brian Adams), Culture: Americans tend to view the • TOOLS • PlUMBING & may occur after crossing the Cana placed in the rucksack of every Cana Trudeau strove to unite Canada Canadian people as a group of beer nr.CTRICAL dian border. A word to the wise: dian before he or she snowshoes south through his policy of dating women drinking, axe-wielding, overweight <;IJPPIIF.S tourists leavirig the ethereal womb for college in the' States, and I've from as many regions of the country bores who speak with a funny accent that is America risk permanent emo found it quite heipful in preparing as possible. Whether or not' he was' and spend most of their time in front tional damage if not properly pre FREf. PARKING .my American friends· for their foray correct in evoking the War . Measures of their TV's watching hockey games FRONT & Rf.AR pared for the·Canadian experience. into the mysterious culture of Cana Act~giving him extraordinary power and Jacques Cousteau documenta Take my mom. A farm girl from· da's hunting/gathering society. Let . to make obscene gestures at members ries. This simplistic, though fairly ac 219 DIXIE WAY Idaho, she met a Canadian at grad me share portions of the pamphlet of the .Quebec Liberation Front with curate, description will not suffice for NO. IN RCSEJ.A!'ID school in Washington state and mar with you. . out consulting Parliament-will be those Americans hoping to survive in 272-7535 ried the man, without ever checking History: Canada began its trek to left for future historians to debate. the wilds of the north. . into his geographical roots .. He wards nationhood in 1492 when Nevertheless, his policy of bilingual- The American tourist must first

30 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 31 by Alfredo Dominguez America: Home or a Lonely Place? friends who, 1 think, easily believed -On coming to the U.S. foreigners cially when I met those people by Sanjeev Tak me when they learned that I came have to go through many adjustments again-no, I hadn't forgotten their from Kenya, East Africa. They even in order to get used to a new way of names; but in Venezuela (or rather, '~merica, here I come!" I said to my wife told him off earlier that day. In thought that the sun grilled us, down life. Everyday things that you've done in Latin America) when you say hello self on Wednesday, the 24th of Au any case, he was rather abrupt: "Not in hot, equatorial Africa. Such igno since your childhood may be unheard to a girl (whom you have met before) gust, 1983, at 4:30 p.m. as I entered if you are a student!" It seemed like rance! But who could blame them! I of here and what you consider ordi you kiss her . . . on the cheek. During Chicago's O'Hare International Air this officer had seen many foreign knew that I would also have moments nary could set off a wave of surprise- my second encounter of the third port. America-big roads, big build students go by and wasted most of his of stupidity. and astonishment.' . kind with the first 'girl, I almost got ings, big cars. Big everything and time by going through all their visas It was not long before I found out Though often embarrassing, these slapped! After saying hello I ap friendly people. At least this was my and documents. Well, I was out in that some of my "English" vocabu moments of cultural clash are the proached her ... and she. backed off. preconception of the United States less than two minutes and to ensure lary was simply hilarious to nearly ones that one laughs at later and She must have thought something like before I arrived. Soon, I was to pass that the officer did not spoil my day, everyone. I always thought that the keeps recounting forever. So, if you "Boy, these Latins sure are fast!" or through the U.S. Immigration and I said, "That wasn't too bad, was it? phone was engaged, not "busy" as ever come into contact with a for "Please, I'm Catholic!" In either Customs. "Good afternoon!" I said to Bye!" I just knew that this country Americans would say. I thought that eigner and something embarrassing case, you should have seen the look this old, mean-looking guy at the Im was going to be a heck of an experi chips were chips, not french fries. happens, just remember that some on her face. It was very embarrassing migration desk. Perhaps he did not ence. What they called chips, I called day you'll find something funny in all and later funny for me. It took me a have a decent lunch or perhaps it was Like all the people before me, I crisps! Crackers were piscuits and I of this! while to get used to this (about. four too hot for him (it was in the upper was fascinated by Notre Dame's could have sworn that a torch was a As with all other freshmen, the or five girls), but after almost two 90's, but for someone like me from golden dome, glittering away in the torch, not a flashlight! When some first thing I did when I arrived here years of going back and forth to Ven Africa, I felt at home) or maybe his dark sky, when I first saw it from the one asked me what would I call that at ND was to start meeting people. ezuela, I think I've got the situation bus a few miles from the University. flaming torch that the Olympians However things weren't simple, espe- under control. • As soon as I entered my new home, carried, I thoughtlessly replied, "Oh, Stanford Hall, I was met with an un that's called an Olympic Flashlight!" expected atmosphere of friendliness. I The front of a car was always called certainly did feel at home, but little the bonnet, not a hood and the back was I to know that there would be of a car the boot, not a trunk. many amusing instances when I Another memorable incident was would b.e "out of place" in this great when I actually thought that a rest country. room was a place where one could go "Oh sure, we live in the trees and I to rest-you know, after eating a bit even have a pet lion!" I told my new too much, lie down and relax on a A FUNNY THING HAF PENED sofa?!? Was I ever shocked when I found out that it is just an ordinary toilet; a "wc," or a water closet in Europe, Africa and Asia. In conclusion, I would like to say that I do feel at home in this great university. The people in this magnif ON THE WAY TO THE STATES icent country are friendly and I am certain that this makes all the differ ••• ence. Finally, I would like to thank all the wonderful people for their r--'~--' "'------.~~------. -~.. -,-:------.----.--.,.. -----.. ----:---.---. -'c--"-- -""'-i hospitality. '~merica, here I am!" • I You KnoW: YoU're a Foreigner When; " 'byReem Mouasber I ,j' "" Being from the Middle East; the question I have most frequently been !. •.••• You think "pariehils" are a name. . . language, ..... _ man~ Iie'sreach~d)'our asked since I've been here went some eating fish. . : Yciu.thinkyou've found a good, ... You always buy "sugar-free"i thing like: "Do you have cars at f ••• You think a "trashed" person is a bargaincpriced carpet and you re-" ; items because they contain sugar 111 horrie, or do you ride camels?" I had ! member of the sanitation depart-alize, after paying for it,that that you don't have to pay for. . . been determined to be patient and I' ment.· ". you'rirstill thinking in meters. . . . You hear the weather report and j answer the question very objectively, I .... You think "The Super Bowl" is a .... Nobpdytinderstands what you're . it takes you 15 minutes. to figure it I suppressing any giggles so as not to i bowling championship.-saYingin the morning and you re- ouUn Celsius. j offend my enquirer. One day, it so i '.' .. You think a "throat" is someone .alize your system hasn't switched .... You never get care packages. i happened that I was introduced to I . who haslaryrigitis.languages. . .. You get a letter from home imd 1 many people. At the end of a long I •• You hear people talking about .. You think "pot" is what you everyonegathersarpund 'to see . II,! humid summer afternoon, for the i .football and you .start debating the make sotip in.' . how "neat" your mother's writing tenth time that day, the question \lirtues of the Brazilian team. . .. You finally find your way to a is. ..' .' . '. 11 I . came, this time from a guy named t ... Nobodylaughs at your jokes. . highway and a~l the cars are com- .. You're the only one in your sec- I Tom: "Do you have cars at home?" At f .' . . . On the first day of class the ing straight at you.tioncelebratirig Thanksgiving in j - that moment, my patience failed me j , __~~~cher l::ks_~;ubled ..~o~_ know '-. , .."", YO~C~~;Otirself resortingt~_~i.::: ____ "~_~~~~_~~~:ing_~al~_.:.. ___ ~____ ._c._.·_l and I couldn't resist a sarcastic "No we don't ... I have a pet camel ~nd i ride him to school every day across the oasis in front of our tent." To my surprise, Tom still believes that. •

32 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 33 by Alfredo Dominguez America: Home or a Lonely Place? friends who, 1 think, easily believed -On coming to the U.S. foreigners cially when I met those people by Sanjeev Tak me when they learned that I came have to go through many adjustments again-no, I hadn't forgotten their from Kenya, East Africa. They even in order to get used to a new way of names; but in Venezuela (or rather, '~merica, here I come!" I said to my wife told him off earlier that day. In thought that the sun grilled us, down life. Everyday things that you've done in Latin America) when you say hello self on Wednesday, the 24th of Au any case, he was rather abrupt: "Not in hot, equatorial Africa. Such igno since your childhood may be unheard to a girl (whom you have met before) gust, 1983, at 4:30 p.m. as I entered if you are a student!" It seemed like rance! But who could blame them! I of here and what you consider ordi you kiss her . . . on the cheek. During Chicago's O'Hare International Air this officer had seen many foreign knew that I would also have moments nary could set off a wave of surprise- my second encounter of the third port. America-big roads, big build students go by and wasted most of his of stupidity. and astonishment.' . kind with the first 'girl, I almost got ings, big cars. Big everything and time by going through all their visas It was not long before I found out Though often embarrassing, these slapped! After saying hello I ap friendly people. At least this was my and documents. Well, I was out in that some of my "English" vocabu moments of cultural clash are the proached her ... and she. backed off. preconception of the United States less than two minutes and to ensure lary was simply hilarious to nearly ones that one laughs at later and She must have thought something like before I arrived. Soon, I was to pass that the officer did not spoil my day, everyone. I always thought that the keeps recounting forever. So, if you "Boy, these Latins sure are fast!" or through the U.S. Immigration and I said, "That wasn't too bad, was it? phone was engaged, not "busy" as ever come into contact with a for "Please, I'm Catholic!" In either Customs. "Good afternoon!" I said to Bye!" I just knew that this country Americans would say. I thought that eigner and something embarrassing case, you should have seen the look this old, mean-looking guy at the Im was going to be a heck of an experi chips were chips, not french fries. happens, just remember that some on her face. It was very embarrassing migration desk. Perhaps he did not ence. What they called chips, I called day you'll find something funny in all and later funny for me. It took me a have a decent lunch or perhaps it was Like all the people before me, I crisps! Crackers were piscuits and I of this! while to get used to this (about. four too hot for him (it was in the upper was fascinated by Notre Dame's could have sworn that a torch was a As with all other freshmen, the or five girls), but after almost two 90's, but for someone like me from golden dome, glittering away in the torch, not a flashlight! When some first thing I did when I arrived here years of going back and forth to Ven Africa, I felt at home) or maybe his dark sky, when I first saw it from the one asked me what would I call that at ND was to start meeting people. ezuela, I think I've got the situation bus a few miles from the University. flaming torch that the Olympians However things weren't simple, espe- under control. • As soon as I entered my new home, carried, I thoughtlessly replied, "Oh, Stanford Hall, I was met with an un that's called an Olympic Flashlight!" expected atmosphere of friendliness. I The front of a car was always called certainly did feel at home, but little the bonnet, not a hood and the back was I to know that there would be of a car the boot, not a trunk. many amusing instances when I Another memorable incident was would b.e "out of place" in this great when I actually thought that a rest country. room was a place where one could go "Oh sure, we live in the trees and I to rest-you know, after eating a bit even have a pet lion!" I told my new too much, lie down and relax on a A FUNNY THING HAF PENED sofa?!? Was I ever shocked when I found out that it is just an ordinary toilet; a "wc," or a water closet in Europe, Africa and Asia. In conclusion, I would like to say that I do feel at home in this great university. The people in this magnif ON THE WAY TO THE STATES icent country are friendly and I am certain that this makes all the differ ••• ence. Finally, I would like to thank all the wonderful people for their r--'~--' "'------.~~------. -~.. -,-:------.----.--.,.. -----.. ----:---.---. -'c--"-- -""'-i hospitality. '~merica, here I am!" • I You KnoW: YoU're a Foreigner When; " 'byReem Mouasber I ,j' "" Being from the Middle East; the question I have most frequently been !. •.••• You think "pariehils" are a name. . . language, ..... _ man~ Iie'sreach~d)'our asked since I've been here went some eating fish. . : Yciu.thinkyou've found a good, ... You always buy "sugar-free"i thing like: "Do you have cars at f ••• You think a "trashed" person is a bargaincpriced carpet and you re-" ; items because they contain sugar 111 horrie, or do you ride camels?" I had ! member of the sanitation depart-alize, after paying for it,that that you don't have to pay for. . . been determined to be patient and I' ment.· ". you'rirstill thinking in meters. . . . You hear the weather report and j answer the question very objectively, I .... You think "The Super Bowl" is a .... Nobpdytinderstands what you're . it takes you 15 minutes. to figure it I suppressing any giggles so as not to i bowling championship.-saYingin the morning and you re- ouUn Celsius. j offend my enquirer. One day, it so i '.' .. You think a "throat" is someone .alize your system hasn't switched .... You never get care packages. i happened that I was introduced to I . who haslaryrigitis.languages. . .. You get a letter from home imd 1 many people. At the end of a long I •• You hear people talking about .. You think "pot" is what you everyonegathersarpund 'to see . II,! humid summer afternoon, for the i .football and you .start debating the make sotip in.' . how "neat" your mother's writing tenth time that day, the question \lirtues of the Brazilian team. . .. You finally find your way to a is. ..' .' . '. 11 I . came, this time from a guy named t ... Nobodylaughs at your jokes. . highway and a~l the cars are com- .. You're the only one in your sec- I Tom: "Do you have cars at home?" At f .' . . . On the first day of class the ing straight at you.tioncelebratirig Thanksgiving in j - that moment, my patience failed me j , __~~~cher l::ks_~;ubled ..~o~_ know '-. , .."", YO~C~~;Otirself resortingt~_~i.::: ____ "~_~~~~_~~~:ing_~al~_.:.. ___ ~____ ._c._.·_l and I couldn't resist a sarcastic "No we don't ... I have a pet camel ~nd i ride him to school every day across the oasis in front of our tent." To my surprise, Tom still believes that. •

32 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 33 e

"We' suggest that the name of this sport be changed to 'ovoid-punting' or 'ovoid-throwing.' "

Don't Play Football

by Winston Griffin and Maher Mouasher

ricket is a gentleman's game Europe: Europe holds three major 'cplayed by gentlemen, rugby is a hoo competitions: ligan's game played by gentlemen, European Cup: By far the most im but football is a hooligan's game portant. Played by the winners of the played and watched by hooligans." le~gue from all European countries. -An Anonymous English Gentleman 1984's trophy was claimed by Liver pool (England) who defeated Roma (Italy) 5-3 on penalties. Cup Winner Cup: As the name sug The nice thing about football (soc gests it is played by the winners of a cer to you lot) is the honesty behind knockout competition from every the actual name. As the name im country in Europe. Juvehtus (Italy) plies, the game is played by kicking triumphed over Povto (Portugal) in the ball with the foot most of the last year's fin!!l 1-0. time. Also, the ball is spherical and handling is strictly prohibited. Simi U.E.F.A. Cup (Union of European Football Associations): Played by the lar honesty can be observed in sports . top team from each country not par such as handball, racquetball, bas ticipating in the previous competi ketball and others. Unfortunately, there exists a sport that defies all logic tions. Tottenham Hotspur (England) won last year's event by defeating An by calling itself something that has nothing whatsoever to do with what derlecht (Belgium) 6-5, again in a penalty shootout. is done on the field of play. Yes, all ye ardent American football fans, we are referring to your precious sportl Given these premises, we suggest South America: The one major club that the name of this sport be event in this continent is the Copa Li changed to "ovoid-punting" or bertudores (Liberator Cup). The two "ovoid-throwing." top teams from each country qualify. Having clarified differences of Independiente (Argentina) won last opinion on terminology between year (for the 7th time),defeating Yanks and Limeys, we would like to Gremio (Brazil) 1-0 on aggregate. ' go ahead and present a brief descrip The culminating f09tballing event tion of football, and its competitions of the season at world level is the In worldwide. terclub final, pitting the winner of A very primitive version of football the European cup and the winner of was played in China, but it wasn't the South American Cup against each until 1872 that the 'game was first other. Last year, Independiente (Ar codified in England with the creation gentina) defeated Liverpool (En of the Football Association. (By the gland) 1-01 thus claiming the title of way, the word soccer derives from the World Club Champions. abbreviation Assoc.) It quickly spread As you can see, football is the throughout Europe and to the rest of world's most popular sport. It's a the world. shame that America's desire to rein The two centers of world football vent everything has denied them such are Europe and South America. a beautiful game .•

34 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH e

"We' suggest that the name of this sport be changed to 'ovoid-punting' or 'ovoid-throwing.' "

Don't Play Football by Winston Griffin and Maher Mouasher ricket is a gentleman's game Europe: Europe holds three major 'cplayed by gentlemen, rugby is a hoo competitions: ligan's game played by gentlemen, European Cup: By far the most im but football is a hooligan's game portant. Played by the winners of the played and watched by hooligans." le~gue from all European countries. -An Anonymous English Gentleman 1984's trophy was claimed by Liver pool (England) who defeated Roma (Italy) 5-3 on penalties. Cup Winner Cup: As the name sug The nice thing about football (soc gests it is played by the winners of a cer to you lot) is the honesty behind knockout competition from every the actual name. As the name im country in Europe. Juvehtus (Italy) plies, the game is played by kicking triumphed over Povto (Portugal) in the ball with the foot most of the last year's fin!!l 1-0. time. Also, the ball is spherical and handling is strictly prohibited. Simi U.E.F.A. Cup (Union of European Football Associations): Played by the lar honesty can be observed in sports . top team from each country not par such as handball, racquetball, bas ticipating in the previous competi ketball and others. Unfortunately, there exists a sport that defies all logic tions. Tottenham Hotspur (England) won last year's event by defeating An by calling itself something that has nothing whatsoever to do with what derlecht (Belgium) 6-5, again in a penalty shootout. is done on the field of play. Yes, all ye ardent American football fans, we are referring to your precious sportl Given these premises, we suggest South America: The one major club that the name of this sport be event in this continent is the Copa Li changed to "ovoid-punting" or bertudores (Liberator Cup). The two "ovoid-throwing." top teams from each country qualify. Having clarified differences of Independiente (Argentina) won last opinion on terminology between year (for the 7th time),defeating Yanks and Limeys, we would like to Gremio (Brazil) 1-0 on aggregate. ' go ahead and present a brief descrip The culminating f09tballing event tion of football, and its competitions of the season at world level is the In worldwide. terclub final, pitting the winner of A very primitive version of football the European cup and the winner of was played in China, but it wasn't the South American Cup against each until 1872 that the 'game was first other. Last year, Independiente (Ar codified in England with the creation gentina) defeated Liverpool (En of the Football Association. (By the gland) 1-01 thus claiming the title of way, the word soccer derives from the World Club Champions. abbreviation Assoc.) It quickly spread As you can see, football is the throughout Europe and to the rest of world's most popular sport. It's a the world. shame that America's desire to rein The two centers of world football vent everything has denied them such are Europe and South America. a beautiful game .•

34 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH ere are no an aroos • In···.e

.by Michael Varga

IA Im I a 10011 I ,"~'t gat th;, qu"tion out 01 my bush quickly and easily and get out of there. But each head. I thought I was doing the right thing put now time we tried to raise up the body one of us wouldn't be that I'm so alone, left to be pounded by my own sEM able to hold on, the blood oozing from the flesh making doubt, I can't help but hug this question, lie down with our grasps always t,entative. .. it tonight, st.are at it in the darkness. Am I fool? . '. Mitch suggested that we drag it and started tugging it to the side. We both pulled at its' warm feet, but as ••• "we did so its entrails spilled into the road-leaving a We had come to Egypt on a l,ark. Mitch's dad is a track of organs shining in the headlights. We managed travel agent .and so Mitch can always get the best air to pull the body into the taU grass and then gathered up fares. To any\Vhere.· ;We'd already been to Australia the loose, scattered parts. . together-where .the worst. thing'that happened was It was a messy scene. We drove off as fast as we one night outside ofPerth :When we collided with a kan could although the blood we'd wiped onqur clothes re garoo. We didn't try to hit it of course, but it hopped mi:lined .a.constant reminder of the death we~d wit right in front of the headlights of the 404 we'd rented. nessed,the death we'd caused: And the animal's smell It had no chance and neither did we". In the darkness it inside the 404 made us wish to return the truck to the had seemed to jump lip fro~ somewhere within the . rental agent as quickly as we could. We knew the smell road itself. We decided to'carry the. mangled body into . was on us but we both attributed it to the truck. the brush.· '.' '.. Up to then we hadn't used the VISA ..card Mitch's It seems strange to me now. t had completely re Dad had given us "for an emergency;" but after we un press.ed that incident-obliterated it from' my loaded the truck we went into a department store and memory-yet now, after all that's happened here in bought whole new sets of clothes (even new white un Egypt it all comes back to me so clearly. I remember derwear) with the card. When we handed our stinking, that we were shocked at how heavY the ka"ngaroo's body sticky jeans and shorts to the clerk, he said sarcastically: seemed. Mitch used to play football in high school; he ''Are you sure you boys don't want to take these with still sports all the muscles from those days. I'm not very you?" big physically, but I can benchpress 160. And so. we thought we'd be able to carry the dead animal into the ~ ..

36 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH ere are no an aroos • In···.e

.by Michael Varga

36 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH I

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. . .' . '. .' .' . ' , and to the left; my sight was a poor tool h~re where I . theso~ndof anapproaching motorth~y often go and could see but 20 f~.!';tahead at each pointoC-andsome sit and waft in :the middle Of just such an obscured road times not even that~distance when the road arced more and hope to be struck 'dead. You see, it has tWo func sharply. I saw nothing butreeds: tall,shimmering tions: it relieVes them of theh own misery, ~nd the judi- . reeds, angling oV«;lr the dusty. roadway, waves of them' '. dal i-Ule.is that the driver must pay for the upkeep of bendillg to the slightest breeze, bobbing upwards as we the deceased's dependents for the rest of their lives. passed. ..' .' .'.' '. '" . . . . .' . Am I fool? I now have the care of 14 Egyptians to . We couldn't go on like this. At some point we would . . worry about. I killed am!ill and I'm sitting alone in a have to stop, but when might we have.theopportuniTI'? . Cairo prison waiting for the Arri~ricai1 consuL: .The sand was too deep to risk stopping:':'-'i:here was no . alternative but to continue driving uIitiLwinnight find a break.in the ,\valls of reeds;. a placewide'enough.. where wi. might be. a.ble to manage a: U"turn.; Mitch" • ~as silenf now. Hekne\v too that we were caught. . . .. , The~e was no point in verbalizing aUf shared fear. To, .. · , .' taIkabout it would only make us both more anxious.. .

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38 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 39

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38 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 39

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By Jurgen Brauer

Round 1 GONG I depressed the accelerator sharply and repeatedly, Don't overexert yourself (This speed though!). The and the motor responded well. It had better, I thought, closer we got to The City, the speedier it got-and that for this was going to be a long trip. An important one on seemingly narrower roads. And already it felt like a too-one I had never taken before. And so I was very rather long drive. Too long. I gradually become more pleased to hear and feel the motor running well. I and more nervous, and when the wanted this whole thing to be fun, not grueling, and therefore I had prepared myself as well a,s anyone possi GONG bly could have. The first few corners were a breeze. Yeah, sure, they , came, I had just about cornered myself. At times we are were a little bumpy here and there, for we needed to plain lucky, aren't we? get to know one another. Soon enough I was on the highway which led to the other highway which led to Pause (one minute) the other highway . . and so on, until I eventually reached The City. Just be cool; have a clear mind, re .lax, observe, don't miss your turns (so to speak). The ••• traffic got a little more stretched-out on the highways GONG but also increasingly fast. One has to keep up with it, I The City's skyline rose before my eyes as I prepared 'thought, and so I did. Slowly bilt surely my heart began to drive into its heart. Already its noise began to fill my to accelerate with the engine as I took a few road bends ears. Its music hammered over the car's stereo and en rather harshly so as to avoid more hair-raising situa thralled me with its bewildering beat. I felt a little tions. trapped, and in despair I opened the window. For a For a while I went along like this, and eventually I while I accelerated the car in tune with the music's felt fairly comfortable (although I knew that eventually rhythm; for I felt I needed to exert some pressure on the we must reach The City and that that would be the traffic myself. But my heart felt as if I had had a coffee tough part). Stay calm now, I admonished myself. too much, and at last I was forced to succumb to the Don't squander your reserves before you need them. traffic flow. Scarcely did I know how to defend myself

40 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 41 •

By Jurgen Brauer

40 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 41 in it, nor how to will my way through it. I felt very much reminded of the days when I was still a novice fjghter and had my first appearance on Paris' Champs Elysees which ensnared me and spit me out offside to watch the pros from under the Eiffel tower. Here, I had at least advanced to lace up with the traffic, not quite like going under, not quite like winning. over it. Never theless, it was still a fight which could end either way at any time. Ah! Damn it! The traffic had pushed me right into a parking lot while I was thinking of days gone by. Enraged, I jacked up the radio's volume which blasted its sound into my ears and through the open window. We clashed again. I had no idea how long this one was going to last, and consequently I tried to double Collected Stories my efforts, blindly raging through the darkening City. The lights went on and shone brightly into my eyes, hurting what I needed most-my sense of sight (The hearing was already more or less gone). Worse, rain set in! It slowed me down considerably. Would I ever make by Mark Melchior it across this battlefield? I began to wonder. Then I quickly used an unexpected lull to sigh heavily, getting some much-needed air into my pinched-in lungs. And now I jolted forward to give what I had left to give, Before we sleep, an discovered: it is a man. and so did the traffic. When the angel comes to awaken But who is he? dreams in us. The angel To whom does he GONG returns every night, belong? They search to find answers in the came, it cut my effort short, preveriting me from giving bringing remembrance neighboring villages but my last and best punch. Now, it would be yet another and telling those stories none are known. Nor does round. I dreaded it. Nothing's ever over, ain't it so? that we cannot forget. When the angel is Gabriel he answer for himself: he simply testifies to the Pause (one minute) Garcia Marquez, the annunciated stories are mysteries of a life and death known only by the Johannesburg is fast and takes one onto a fun ride if one lullabies in which, as sea. can keep up with its pace. Paris is for the world class children and adults alike, His presence unleashes only. In Berlin one must prove one's clever wit; and in we may recognize our own the imagination of the Naples only the home team ever wins. Atlanta takes one dreams. people. In discovering this by surprise, and Chicago is then just a piece of cake. Collected Stories is a man of the sea, they But Prague is lovely! voice speaking our dreams in a vernacular that recover their dreams that Round 3 crosses the borders .of had for so many years nations, the boundaries of been forgotten. He is a G 0 N G consciousness. If we have hero. To them, he is the I arose and readied myself. Perseverance! The audience not written the words as largest man, the most applauded, wildly clapping its hands and chanting the author writes, we have handsome, Esteban. They songs in the heated atmosphere which perspired spoken them---.:.or dreamt choose names for him and through the speakers with an ever ear-deafening mad them. The stories resound . in doing so, identify ness. The bloody rain had halted for a moment, and I our sensibilities; they themselves. They live in wiped its r€!mnants·off the window screen, eagerly in chronicle the desires that Esteban's Village. From haling the fresh scent· and licking my tongue in it to reach beyond the reason the drowned man comes a '. moisten my dried-out throat. As the bout went on, time able. The mythic, mystical legacy for the living, out and again I felt as if I was losing my senses altogether. moment in which only the of the sea comes an angel Now I was running i~ circles; then I was backing out of fantastic exists, there, through which the dead ends. I felt enraged by the sight of mastery before Gabriel Garcia Marquez villagers may realize their me, having no ability j:o attain it myself. And slowly I dwells with dreamers, dreams. began to settle for being pushed around-resisting with . telling those stories that Like other stories in belligerent hate but weakening strength as the gloves we cannot forget. thevoluine Collected became too heavy to keep my arms up in defense. It Like the angel, the sea Stories, "The Handsomest was as if I was targeting· myself! And the blows came returns dreams daily. In Drowned Man in the in! Oh, Pragile, why did I ever leave you? Why must I. "The Handsomest World" offers the reader go from one bout to another until, at last, the knockout Drowned Man in the an exercise in intuition. shall come? World;' a body arrives on The meaning of the simple I fell, and as I fell I accidentally hit the radio's tun the shores of a small words of Garcia Marquez' ing knob; the station changed, and it was then that the village arid answers the prose is lost to a mind of final, yet liberating blow came: "I am leaving, I am weariness of a people born rational response and leaving; but the fighter still remains." The speakers in a nameless town to logic. The intention and blasted into my half-dead brain. "Oh, God;' I cried out nameless traditions. They , achievement of Collected in anger and in shame, "I've been a Shadow Boxer!" • are dying a nameless death 'Stories is not in showing us Uurgen Brauer is an economics graduate student from as well, consumed by a what we do see with our Berlin, Germany. He says he shadow boxes a lot with predictability that collects eyes, but what we can see homo oeconomicus.) lives at the bottom of the by our faith. The angel sea. Then, the body is eludes those who shut their eyes too soon ..• 42 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH in it, nor how to will my way through it. I felt very much reminded of the days when I was still a novice fjghter and had my first appearance on Paris' Champs Elysees which ensnared me and spit me out offside to watch the pros from under the Eiffel tower. Here, I had at least advanced to lace up with the traffic, not quite like going under, not quite like winning. over it. Never theless, it was still a fight which could end either way at any time. Ah! Damn it! The traffic had pushed me right into a parking lot while I was thinking of days gone by. Enraged, I jacked up the radio's volume which blasted its sound into my ears and through the open window. We clashed again. I had no idea how long this one was going to last, and consequently I tried to double Collected Stories my efforts, blindly raging through the darkening City. The lights went on and shone brightly into my eyes, hurting what I needed most-my sense of sight (The hearing was already more or less gone). Worse, rain set in! It slowed me down considerably. Would I ever make by Mark Melchior it across this battlefield? I began to wonder. Then I quickly used an unexpected lull to sigh heavily, getting some much-needed air into my pinched-in lungs. And now I jolted forward to give what I had left to give, Before we sleep, an discovered: it is a man. and so did the traffic. When the angel comes to awaken But who is he? dreams in us. The angel To whom does he GONG returns every night, belong? They search to find answers in the came, it cut my effort short, preveriting me from giving bringing remembrance neighboring villages but my last and best punch. Now, it would be yet another and telling those stories none are known. Nor does round. I dreaded it. Nothing's ever over, ain't it so? that we cannot forget. When the angel is Gabriel he answer for himself: he simply testifies to the Pause (one minute) Garcia Marquez, the annunciated stories are mysteries of a life and death known only by the Johannesburg is fast and takes one onto a fun ride if one lullabies in which, as sea. can keep up with its pace. Paris is for the world class children and adults alike, His presence unleashes only. In Berlin one must prove one's clever wit; and in we may recognize our own the imagination of the Naples only the home team ever wins. Atlanta takes one dreams. people. In discovering this by surprise, and Chicago is then just a piece of cake. Collected Stories is a man of the sea, they But Prague is lovely! voice speaking our dreams in a vernacular that recover their dreams that Round 3 crosses the borders .of had for so many years nations, the boundaries of been forgotten. He is a G 0 N G consciousness. If we have hero. To them, he is the I arose and readied myself. Perseverance! The audience not written the words as largest man, the most applauded, wildly clapping its hands and chanting the author writes, we have handsome, Esteban. They songs in the heated atmosphere which perspired spoken them---.:.or dreamt choose names for him and through the speakers with an ever ear-deafening mad them. The stories resound . in doing so, identify ness. The bloody rain had halted for a moment, and I our sensibilities; they themselves. They live in wiped its r€!mnants·off the window screen, eagerly in chronicle the desires that Esteban's Village. From haling the fresh scent· and licking my tongue in it to reach beyond the reason the drowned man comes a '. moisten my dried-out throat. As the bout went on, time able. The mythic, mystical legacy for the living, out and again I felt as if I was losing my senses altogether. moment in which only the of the sea comes an angel Now I was running i~ circles; then I was backing out of fantastic exists, there, through which the dead ends. I felt enraged by the sight of mastery before Gabriel Garcia Marquez villagers may realize their me, having no ability j:o attain it myself. And slowly I dwells with dreamers, dreams. began to settle for being pushed around-resisting with . telling those stories that Like other stories in belligerent hate but weakening strength as the gloves we cannot forget. thevoluine Collected became too heavy to keep my arms up in defense. It Like the angel, the sea Stories, "The Handsomest was as if I was targeting· myself! And the blows came returns dreams daily. In Drowned Man in the in! Oh, Pragile, why did I ever leave you? Why must I. "The Handsomest World" offers the reader go from one bout to another until, at last, the knockout Drowned Man in the an exercise in intuition. shall come? World;' a body arrives on The meaning of the simple I fell, and as I fell I accidentally hit the radio's tun the shores of a small words of Garcia Marquez' ing knob; the station changed, and it was then that the village arid answers the prose is lost to a mind of final, yet liberating blow came: "I am leaving, I am weariness of a people born rational response and leaving; but the fighter still remains." The speakers in a nameless town to logic. The intention and blasted into my half-dead brain. "Oh, God;' I cried out nameless traditions. They , achievement of Collected in anger and in shame, "I've been a Shadow Boxer!" • are dying a nameless death 'Stories is not in showing us Uurgen Brauer is an economics graduate student from as well, consumed by a what we do see with our Berlin, Germany. He says he shadow boxes a lot with predictability that collects eyes, but what we can see homo oeconomicus.) lives at the bottom of the by our faith. The angel sea. Then, the body is eludes those who shut their eyes too soon ..• 42 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH Resume •••

BY SEAN P. A. MCSWEENEY WORK EXPERIENCE Puchica ... Como empezar? Too confused. The Bailey's Inn Worked as a waiter and handyman, Attempting to explain ·what he was, he is engaged in explaining what he is. Duke St. from June to July 1982. Rather, to express what he hopes to be. Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland The typewriter spells: Finca EI Rosario, S.A. Worked as a handyman at·a coffee RESUME Coban, Alta Verapaz plantation, from October 1979 to JOSE MARIA GOICOECHEA MOELLER GuatemalaJanuary 1980. HOME ADDRESS: CURRENT ADDRESS: Neither did Joao, nor did Professor Stern, or the rest of most of those American schoolmates and friends understand 9a. Calle 2-81 Zona 14 315 Harbin Hall what the meaning of home was to Chema. Guatemala City, Guatemala Notre Dame, IN 46556 It was a country, his land, a place that Jose Maria could call his ·own paradise. But then came the issue of Central Amer 001 (502) 268-1091 (219) 283-2486 ica. It bounced in his head and shook his body-open ears, unsettled stomach. What was worse were the impertinent "Should I write this?" criticisms of those who were third persons criticizing the conflict: fixing the rear sight with the front sight and targeting Something had already been written on this paper. A single piece of paper that pictured the most positive aspects of Che his national brothers and his homeland. . rna's life. "'So you belong to one of those rich, oligarchical elites of Guatemala\" -said one without any conception of what he was ". . . Y que otra . . . I guess I should go on . . ." saying, or, needless to say, of whom he was referring to. . 1 PERSONAL "I can't let these people give their own personal remarks of those things they have never lived through." Chern a's thoughts AGE: 21 years old would sometimes echo an insulting ripple: "Hijos de la gran pu ..." BIRTHDATE: October 16, 1963 What did they know of terror and violence? BIRTHPLACE: Bilbao, Spain One of several memories always lingered in Jose Maria's mind. It was probably one of the reasons why his family's name CITIZENSHIP: Spaniard was so important to him. "Te recordas de aqueldia en que tu TioAlfredo (Do you remember that day that your Uncle . MARITAL STATUS: Single ...), the day that he was about to be kidnapped by four terrorists ..."-the memory of that voice of his mother would HEALTH: Excellent always exhume flashbacks. Chema remembers that it was the one and only time that he got on his knees and prayed. "Should I give my life to other people, or should I rather take advantage of all those material privileges I can exploit?" (proceeds again:) "Mierda\" . "I guess this will carry me into a venture for prosperity-wealth ... I just don't know why so many people argue the contrary-that I should become sensible to so many things I've experienced at home ..." .. • •• CAREER OBJECTIVES To work in an international related field that makes use of my language skills a~d cultural background. To work for the ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS promotion of mutual understanding among nations .. '. . University of Notre Dame: "I guess I've given my share in helping other people ... that earthquake killed twenty-three thousand people ... I guess Activities included: we all helped each other ... Si pues ... so did other nations too .. :' Mc;lmber of the International Student Chern a, as he used to be called at the Valle Verde School, wished that he had been called by his proper naD,Je: Jose Ma Organization, International Festi ria. His classmates at all times called him by his nickname. But there were other things that bothereq him. The divorce val. of his parents. He wished he had forgotten about it-those many times that by mere circums~ance he was caught in the .. Bunker Hill Military Junior College: . Honors included: middle of everything. Their anguish was still impressed in his mind. Even though he had spent his fourth year in North Dean's List [Fall 1980-Spring 1981 America. On his own. Finally achieving what was most important to him, a mature character, self-respect, and the mu- semesters], Pan-American Medal of tual respect he expected in almost every intrapersonal relationship he had with others.. . . the United States, for Hemispheric Studies and Cultural Interaction He continued: * * * EDUCATION "Who cares about my awards or achievements ... all I hope is to get some reassurance from my parents that I am doing University of Notre Dame Candidate for a B.A. degree in the correct thirig . . ." . Notre Dame, IN 46556 International Relations, with a "Why wo~ld some be against my decision of joining a volunteer-service group? .. From August 1981 to May 1983 concentration in Latin American Sometimes I can't (desperation) ... no los comprendo ..." studies. The conversation he had with Joao four riights previous to his actual encounter with himself began to resurface. Joao was Bunker Hill Military Junior College Graduated Cum Laude with an A.A. his roommate from BraziL And most important was the fact that both found themselves in a polemical discussion that Radnor, PA 19087 degree in Liberal Arts. demanded the highest elements of their learning. From February 1980 to June 1981 "Yes, J oao, you talk about the undernourished, the illiterate, the landless, but I don't see why you object to that. Life * must not be so different in Guatemala than at your homeplace in the wealthy suburbs of Botaf6go ..." His American classmates smiled jokingly at his past. Yet Chema's past was something his family wanted him to be proud of. Chema's mind was growing out of that immature uncertainty. His heart was with his family's, but had theirs always "T~at is t~~e, Joze Maria, but realize that there are leftist groups struggling to some power of some sort, some represen tatIOn . -; . been with his? Why question that? The only reassurance that Chema needs at the moment is that he is not living for the name of his family. He knows what Jose Maria proceeds in writing the one particular item of his resume that justified his expectations. He stops. His head they want out of him, but he does not know what he wants for himself. He knows at heart that he has to avoid his trou falls upon his hands. There is no notice of whether it is a lamented thought, or perhaps desperation. bled past, and thus, he will endeavor to replace those terrible eighteen years of his life with a better one, . Tio Alfredo, his favorite uncle, went through an attempted kidnapping. According to the family tradition, what saved him was the Blessed "Virgen del Socorro." But young Chern a's sentiment could not refuse that it was the bravery of his Future .. . uncle that had made him unholster his weapon and repel the aggression. Tio Alfredo was injured, and he survived. One Future .. . "guerrillero" was shot. Future? "Leftist bastards-don't you ever try to deal with the Goicoecheas\" That was young Chern a's favorite cliche.

S9fIOLASTIC/MARCH Resume •••

S9fIOLASTIC/MARCH "Oh well, ..."-Jose Maria murmured-"I guess I should get this bloody resume done." There is an attempt to do some Artistic Opportunities thing. But those memories of Jose Maria's uncle getting nearly assassinated by the guerrillas still agonized in his mind. Those were nine years after that incident took place! The stabbing criticism of impertinents worsened the stability of his emotions. Every time that a word was raised regard ing Guatemala or Central America, it was hard for Chema to swallow. Trying to settle those same words in his stomach Hobby Crafts. 'rwo was worse. ARTS AND CRAFTS "I want to speak it out . . . but I guess I should hold it inside . . . Who would like to hear a story like this? . . . They SHOW current photographs or slides of the artist's work would think that I am begging for pity or some sort of remorse. . . but never ..." Deadline: June 30, 1985 are required with the "Que se vayan esos desgraciados a la ..." A thought in his maternal Spanish. Harbor Country Ship and entry; and if the entry is He continues again: Shore Festival, Inc. selected for exhibition; a Almacenadora Gursa, S.A. Worked as a handyman/ announces their second $20.00 donation will be "dang! Another mistake! This doesn't go' annual juried arts and charged for the space used here! I can't think straight!" . crafts show. Work will be to show the work. Even if Jose Maria ponders: accepted in the categories the artist doesn't get '" ' of oils, watercolors, , selected for exhibition, the He takes his time. He writes: drawing, pottery, jewelry, festival sounds like a good fiber, woodcrafts, etc. All time. It will not .only . COMMUNITY SERVICES work except hobby crafts feature a juried arts and must be original in crafts show, it will have concept, 'design and' beach games and contestS, execution. Cash prizes and food and beverage Acolyte at the Roman Catholic Services of the Church of Sai'nt Catherine of Siena, Wayne, Pa. ribbons will be awarded concessions, an evening Helped family deliver food and medical supplies to victims of the February 4, 1976, earthquake in Guatemala. by judges in the major lighted boat parade and , ' categories of Fine Art, fireworks followed by an Original CraftS; and outdoor dance .

• • • ROLLING WRITERS , ' WORKS IN WOOD Deadline: April 26, 1985 'Deadline: May 7, 1985 OTHER Rolling Stone magazine American Contemporary proudly annourices its Works in Wood, a national tenth annual 1985 College competition sponsored by Journalism Competition', the Dairy Barn Southeast Completely bilingual (English/Spanish), French (Fair), and Portuguese (Fair). and offers a total of ern Ohio Cultural Arts "Ya casi ... I'm almostdonel" $4,500.00 to the three top , Center, is offe~ing "Now ..." writers. Submitted articles $2,300.00 to artists who must fall into one of the submit contemporary Meditation: . ' ' following categories to be works in wood from "I guess human nature is like two hands at work;' he thought. He is finished with this pie~e of paper that will bring all eligible: Entertainment throughout the United factors of time into one being--;his future. Reporting (profiles and States and Canada. Works "I guess the right will be my dexterous hand-but ~ couldn't have done anything without my left. Is there a reason for news features;on music, may be functional or sculptural,' being the that? ... puchica ... I don't know ..." film and personalities in "One hand can do it-but the other cannot. Ability perhaps. There must be a mind that controls it-growth, body, art), General Reporting original creation of the function ... It runs the world ... puede ser. If we could only understand each other ... Guatemala ... c:entral Amer- (any subject), and Investi artist within the last three gative Reporting (a single years. Submissions must be ica (breathes between the teeth) . . . ' , article or series of articles presented in 2x2 35mm Understanding is the key ... Communication! that has had !l tangible 'slide form; and a maxi~ If only Mami and Papa could have understood themselves ... But is there hope? • ' " impact on the college mum of three works. may Past . . . Present . '" Future . . . and the Present will be the P~st. . the Future the campus or surrounding be submitted for a $15.00 , Present ... Future will be ... UNCERTAIN, like this resume. ," • community). Entries will nonrefundable entry fe,e. be judged by the editors of The contest is open to all ," Rolling Stone. Each living artists. entrant must have been a full- or part-time student during the school year in which the entry was published, and the article must have been published in a university or college newspaper or magazine between May 16, 1984 and April 26. 1985. "Oh well, ..."-Jose Maria murmured-"I guess I should get this bloody resume done." There is an attempt to do some Artistic Opportunities thing. But those memories of Jose Maria's uncle getting nearly assassinated by the guerrillas still agonized in his mind. Those were nine years after that incident took place! The stabbing criticism of impertinents worsened the stability of his emotions. Every time that a word was raised regard ing Guatemala or Central America, it was hard for Chema to swallow. Trying to settle those same words in his stomach Hobby Crafts. 'rwo was worse. ARTS AND CRAFTS "I want to speak it out . . . but I guess I should hold it inside . . . Who would like to hear a story like this? . . . They SHOW current photographs or slides of the artist's work would think that I am begging for pity or some sort of remorse. . . but never ..." Deadline: June 30, 1985 are required with the "Que se vayan esos desgraciados a la ..." A thought in his maternal Spanish. Harbor Country Ship and entry; and if the entry is He continues again: Shore Festival, Inc. selected for exhibition; a Almacenadora Gursa, S.A. Worked as a handyman/ announces their second $20.00 donation will be "dang! Another mistake! This doesn't go' annual juried arts and charged for the space used here! I can't think straight!" . crafts show. Work will be to show the work. Even if Jose Maria ponders: accepted in the categories the artist doesn't get '" ' of oils, watercolors, , selected for exhibition, the He takes his time. He writes: drawing, pottery, jewelry, festival sounds like a good fiber, woodcrafts, etc. All time. It will not .only . COMMUNITY SERVICES work except hobby crafts feature a juried arts and must be original in crafts show, it will have concept, 'design and' beach games and contestS, execution. Cash prizes and food and beverage Acolyte at the Roman Catholic Services of the Church of Sai'nt Catherine of Siena, Wayne, Pa. ribbons will be awarded concessions, an evening Helped family deliver food and medical supplies to victims of the February 4, 1976, earthquake in Guatemala. by judges in the major lighted boat parade and , ' categories of Fine Art, fireworks followed by an Original CraftS; and outdoor dance .

Karen Buranskas, Cello Exhibitions Sunday, March 31, 4:00 p.m. GLENN ZWEYGARDT: Karen Buranskas, Assistant Steel and Stone Sculpture Professor of Music at Notre Dame, has been awarded February 17-April1, 1985 many honors during her O'Shaughnessy Gallery outstanding musical ca East reer. She received her Mas Glenn Zweygardt teaches ter of Music degree from and is department chair Annual Student Exhibition Yale University under Aldo man of the New York State INDIANA ART FAIR Parisot, her Bachelor of College of Ceramics at Al April 14-May 19, 1985 OLD. ORCHARDS AND Music .. degree from Indiana fred University. His monu O'Shaughnessy Gallery ART' Deadline: April 1, 1985 University under Fritz mental steel and stone East Deadline: March 6, 1985 The 15th annual Northern Magg and studied with sculpture has been fea This exhibition presents Indiana Art Fair will toss Gregor Piatigorsky. Ms. tured in numerous one projects completed as par A minimum of $3,000.00 man shows, as well as in in awards and purchase up a total, of $2,000.00 for. Buranskas has won compe tial requirement for the prizes will be awarded to works in painting, prints, titions throughout the private arid public collec Master of Fine Arts de artworks in Drawing, drawings, photography, United States, Brazil and tions in the United states. gree, as well as undergrad GraphiCS, Mixed, Media, sculpture, pottery, jewelry Europe. tiate and graduate student Painting, Photography, and fiber this coming May. GEORGES ROUAULT: work completed in the' and Sculpture at the Old The fair will be held on ' Graphics from the Muse~' 1984-85 school year from Orchard Art Festival in the "beautifully land Faculty Violin and ,Cello urn's Collection the Department of Art, scaped, spacious grounds Recital Art History and Design. Skokie, Illinois. The . March 17-June 30, 1985 festival is open to all of theMUIlster Town Hall;' and. artists can ,even', ' Sunday, April 21, .4: 00 O'Shaughnessy Gallery Nineteenth-Century Mas artists who exhibit work of p.m. East original concept, design park freel Entries must be. ter Drawings from the Per DON VOGL: Faculty Ex- hibit . '. and execution . .submis submittedin'35mm slide Notre Dame faculty mem A selection of prints from manent Collection forrri (three per entry), bers Laura Klugherz and sions will be taken in 2x2 Georges Rouault's series: . March 3-April 14, 1985 March 24-JUiie 30, 1985 " , 35mm slide form, and and a, $35.00 entry feewill Karen. Buranskas present Miserere and Les Reincar Print, Drawing and Pho be charged by the fair; . O'Shaughnessy Gallery entry fees of $15.00 or less an evening ·of violin and nations du Pere Ubu will tography Gallery East will be claimed. In the Applicants not accepted cello duets. Ms; Klugherz, be on display from the per will receive a $30.00 having travelledexten manent collection. This ex This selection of A selection of recent work event of sale, a 20 % nineteenth-century draw commission will be refund. All works dis- 'sively .as a soloist and hibit gives the viewer an by this prolific artist and ~ngs from the museum's claimed by the festival. played must be original, chamber artist, has re opportunity to take a member of Notre Dame's andin the case of sale, no corded for the Bavarian closer look at Rouault's ex permanent collection will Department of Art, Art For more information, commission will be State RadiO; ~heNorth pressionistic approach to feature works by Ameri~ History and Design. contact the Fine Arts charged by the fair. German State Radio, and art. can, English,' German, people at Scholastic. the South African Broad French and Belgian artists. casting' Association. Ms. Included will be important ND & SMC HISTORY drawings by John Flax BUFFS Buranskas, having won April 28-July 28, 1985 competitions in the United Print, Drawing and Pho man, Conrad Gessner, Deadline: April 19, 1985 States and Brazil, pre tography Gallery Jules Dupre, Eugene Dela sented her New York debut croix, and Paul Huet. The Department of This exhibition will focus History is offering $50.00 in Carnegie Recital Hall in 1977 .. on the significant Northern for the best essay on the European contribution to history of Notre Dame or graphic art from the 15th Saint Mary's written bya to the 20th century. Works student (graduate or by such major artists as Al undergraduate) currently brecht Durer, Hendrick enrolled in either 'Jniver Goltzius, Rembrandt and sity. Max Beckman.

48 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 49 Concerts UNIVERSITY ARTISTS SERIES The Snite Museum of Art University of Notre Dame

48 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 49 New York Philharmonic I March 26 Zubin Mehta, conductor ~t!l ¥ 1- ~ I:BH ' kIJP; Joseph Robinson, oboe WOLF: Italian Serenade GEORGE ROCHBERG: Oboe Con certo (World Premiere) BEETHOVEN: Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 April 2 ~1)_I~.~a@7~ld'~ Andrew Davis, conductor and organ ist ChicaJ!;o Symphony Alicia De Larrocha, piano Urchestra THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY HAVEL: "Alborada del gracioso" April 4 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY March 21 FALLA: "Nights in the Gardens of Sir Georg Solti, conductor 8,00 Spain," Symphonic Impressions for Leonard Slatkin, conductor Peter Frankl, piano Joseph Guastafeste, double bass DAYBREAK Piano and Orchestra MOZART: Symphony No. 25 in G 7:00 'Sunday • FBANCK: Symphonic Variations for (}"Ir. Guastafeste is also CSO Princi Minor, K. 183 Morning (APR) Piano and Orchestru pal Bass) Piano Concerto No. 25 in C, K. 503 SAIN'r:SAENS: Symphony no. 3 in C BACH/RESPIGHI: Prelude and Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 1\ Ii nor, Op. 78 Fugue in D Major, BMV-532 9:00 MORNING CONCERT children's hour WM. KARLINS: "Reflux" April 11 11:00 April 9 Rafael KlIbelik, conductor Andre\\' Davis, 'conductor ELGAR: Symphony No.2 in E-flat BRUCKNER: Symphony No. 8 in C 12:00 NEWS Glenn Dicterow, violin Minor OLIVER KNUSSEN: Symphony No. Op.63 ' The Opera 3, Op. 18 April 18 Box (APR) March 28 12:15 MERIDIAN Sunday PROKOFIEV: Concerto No.2 for Vi J ames Levine, conductor Leonard Slatkin, conductor Morning olin and Orchestra in G Minor Op Mark Peskanov, violin 63 ' . Johanna Meier, Judith Blegen and Netherlands Baroque The First 20th Century Concert _ BEETHOVEN: "King Stephen" Chamber BEETHOVEN: Symphony No.4 in l\larvis Martin, sopranos 1:00 Concert and 50 Years Masters Overture, Op. 117 Masterworks Hall (APR) Before B-f1at }"1ajor, Op. 60 Florence Quivar and Isola Jones, mezzo-sopranos HINDEMITH: Violin Concerto April 16 Giuliano Ciannella, tenor PROKOFIEV: Symphony No.6 in E flat, Op. 111 2:00 AFTERNOON CONCERT SATURDAY Zubin Mehta, conductor Byan Edwards, baritone ____~------~------~------~----~AFTERNOON John Cheek, bass OPERA Salzburg Daniel Barenboim, piano April 25 Music Charles Rex, violin Chicago Symphony, Chorus (prepared 2:45 NEWS AND SPORTS Fe·stival by Margaret Hillis) . Claudio Abbado, conductor Paige Brook, flute Carter Brey, cello (APRi . Joseph Robinson, oboe Wisconsin Conservatory Chorus (pre St. Paul TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphonic Ballad Philip Smith, trumpet pared by Margaret Hawkins) San Francisco Afternoon Chamber Afternoon Philadelphia Glen Ellyn Children's Chorus (pre "The Voyevode," Op. 78 ' 3:00 Orchestra Orchestra MOZART: Three German Dances, K. Symphony Concert Concert pared by Doreen Rao) SCHU}"IANN: Cello Concerto in A (Specials) (APR) 605 Concerto for Piano and Orches Minor, Op. 129 tra, No. 22 in E-flat Major, K. 482 }"'IAHLER: Symphony No.8 in E TAFELMUSIK New flat, "Symphony of a Thousand" TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No.5 in 5:00 Releases GUNTHER SCHULLER: "Concerto E Minor, Op. 64 (Business Times at 5:30 [APR]) QlIaternio," for Violin, Flute, Oboe, REQUEST 0:00 Trumpet and Orchestra (World Pre ; New York PROG,RAM miere) Music Coricert Collector'S Stud~ 7:00 American . Chamber Music Saturday Afternoon Opera Debate (APR)· from Oberlin America (i'\PR) -' . Item Terkel STRAUSS: "Burleske" for Piano and AMERICAN PUBLIC , (APR) Orchestra in 0 Minor March 16 ; RADIO WAGNER: "Die Meistersinger von In New York Chicago Evening April 23 BachlHandel/Scarlatti Ter 6:00 ON Nurnberg" Performance Philharmonic Symphony Concert, Zubin Mehta, conductor celltary REQUEST STAGE Kiri Te Kanawa, soprano PROGRAM March 23 Bach Documentaries High WEBERN: Symphony Op. 21 GERSHWIN: "Porgy and Bess" Jazz , Performance STRAUSS: Four Last Songs These documentaries, broadcast on 10:00 EVENINC CONCERT 11 :00 Modt'rn Gallery Specials (APR), Musk Hour ELGAR: Symphony No. 1 in A-flat March 30 Fridays at 8 p.m., describe the world ',t, Major, Op. 55 PUCCINI: "Tosca" ()~ Bach in honor of his 300-year an , , \1I\'ersary. 12:00 NEWS AND SPORTS ; " April 30 April 6 VERDI: "Rigoletto" March 15 Zubin Mehta, conductor , Bach and the Church: The Chorale Idll' Nocturne 12:15 . Gidon Kremer, violin April 13 ';'.. NOCTURNE NI~H,TFLIGHr .. : Bach and the Church: The Passions SOFIA GUBAIDULINA: "Offerto BERG: "Lulu" rium" Concerto for Violin lind Or March 22 *Th,?se APR progr:~s will begin in. the nearfuture . chestra (U.S. Premiere) April 20 ; Leipzig, 300 Years

'. j .• BEETHOVEN: Symphony No: 7 in A \\:-\GNER: "Parsifal" : ',.: }"tajor, Op. 92

'. . ~. 50 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH, SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 51 New York Philharmonic I March 26 Zubin Mehta, conductor ~t!l ¥ 1- ~ I:BH ' kIJP; Joseph Robinson, oboe WOLF: Italian Serenade GEORGE ROCHBERG: Oboe Con certo (World Premiere) BEETHOVEN: Symphony No. 7 in A, Op. 92 April 2 ~1)_I~.~a@7~ld'~ Andrew Davis, conductor and organ ist ChicaJ!;o Symphony Alicia De Larrocha, piano Urchestra THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY HAVEL: "Alborada del gracioso" April 4 MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY March 21 FALLA: "Nights in the Gardens of Sir Georg Solti, conductor 8,00 Spain," Symphonic Impressions for Leonard Slatkin, conductor Peter Frankl, piano Joseph Guastafeste, double bass DAYBREAK Piano and Orchestra MOZART: Symphony No. 25 in G 7:00 'Sunday • FBANCK: Symphonic Variations for (}"Ir. Guastafeste is also CSO Princi Minor, K. 183 Morning (APR) Piano and Orchestru pal Bass) Piano Concerto No. 25 in C, K. 503 SAIN'r:SAENS: Symphony no. 3 in C BACH/RESPIGHI: Prelude and Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 1\ Ii nor, Op. 78 Fugue in D Major, BMV-532 9:00 MORNING CONCERT children's hour WM. KARLINS: "Reflux" April 11 11:00 April 9 Rafael KlIbelik, conductor Andre\\' Davis, 'conductor ELGAR: Symphony No.2 in E-flat BRUCKNER: Symphony No. 8 in C 12:00 NEWS Glenn Dicterow, violin Minor OLIVER KNUSSEN: Symphony No. Op.63 ' The Opera 3, Op. 18 April 18 Box (APR) March 28 12:15 MERIDIAN Sunday PROKOFIEV: Concerto No.2 for Vi J ames Levine, conductor Leonard Slatkin, conductor Morning olin and Orchestra in G Minor Op Mark Peskanov, violin 63 ' . Johanna Meier, Judith Blegen and Netherlands Baroque The First 20th Century Concert _ BEETHOVEN: "King Stephen" Chamber BEETHOVEN: Symphony No.4 in l\larvis Martin, sopranos 1:00 Concert and 50 Years Masters Overture, Op. 117 Masterworks Hall (APR) Before B-f1at }"1ajor, Op. 60 Florence Quivar and Isola Jones, mezzo-sopranos HINDEMITH: Violin Concerto April 16 Giuliano Ciannella, tenor PROKOFIEV: Symphony No.6 in E flat, Op. 111 2:00 AFTERNOON CONCERT SATURDAY Zubin Mehta, conductor Byan Edwards, baritone ____~------~------~------~----~AFTERNOON John Cheek, bass OPERA Salzburg Daniel Barenboim, piano April 25 Music Charles Rex, violin Chicago Symphony, Chorus (prepared 2:45 NEWS AND SPORTS Fe·stival by Margaret Hillis) . Claudio Abbado, conductor Paige Brook, flute Carter Brey, cello (APRi . Joseph Robinson, oboe Wisconsin Conservatory Chorus (pre St. Paul TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphonic Ballad Philip Smith, trumpet pared by Margaret Hawkins) San Francisco Afternoon Chamber Afternoon Philadelphia Glen Ellyn Children's Chorus (pre "The Voyevode," Op. 78 ' 3:00 Orchestra Orchestra MOZART: Three German Dances, K. Symphony Concert Concert pared by Doreen Rao) SCHU}"IANN: Cello Concerto in A (Specials) (APR) 605 Concerto for Piano and Orches Minor, Op. 129 tra, No. 22 in E-flat Major, K. 482 }"'IAHLER: Symphony No.8 in E TAFELMUSIK New flat, "Symphony of a Thousand" TCHAIKOVSKY: Symphony No.5 in 5:00 Releases GUNTHER SCHULLER: "Concerto E Minor, Op. 64 (Business Times at 5:30 [APR]) QlIaternio," for Violin, Flute, Oboe, REQUEST 0:00 Trumpet and Orchestra (World Pre ; New York PROG,RAM miere) Music Coricert Collector'S Stud~ 7:00 American . Chamber Music Saturday Afternoon Opera Debate (APR)· from Oberlin America (i'\PR) -' . Item Terkel STRAUSS: "Burleske" for Piano and AMERICAN PUBLIC , (APR) Orchestra in 0 Minor March 16 ; RADIO WAGNER: "Die Meistersinger von In New York Chicago Evening April 23 BachlHandel/Scarlatti Ter 6:00 ON Nurnberg" Performance Philharmonic Symphony Concert, Zubin Mehta, conductor celltary REQUEST STAGE Kiri Te Kanawa, soprano PROGRAM March 23 Bach Documentaries High WEBERN: Symphony Op. 21 GERSHWIN: "Porgy and Bess" Jazz , Performance STRAUSS: Four Last Songs These documentaries, broadcast on 10:00 EVENINC CONCERT 11 :00 Modt'rn Gallery Specials (APR), Musk Hour ELGAR: Symphony No. 1 in A-flat March 30 Fridays at 8 p.m., describe the world ',t, Major, Op. 55 PUCCINI: "Tosca" ()~ Bach in honor of his 300-year an , , \1I\'ersary. 12:00 NEWS AND SPORTS ; " April 30 April 6 VERDI: "Rigoletto" March 15 Zubin Mehta, conductor , Bach and the Church: The Chorale Idll' Nocturne 12:15 . Gidon Kremer, violin April 13 ';'.. NOCTURNE NI~H,TFLIGHr .. : Bach and the Church: The Passions SOFIA GUBAIDULINA: "Offerto BERG: "Lulu" rium" Concerto for Violin lind Or March 22 *Th,?se APR progr:~s will begin in. the nearfuture . chestra (U.S. Premiere) April 20 ; Leipzig, 300 Years

'. j .• BEETHOVEN: Symphony No: 7 in A \\:-\GNER: "Parsifal" : ',.: }"tajor, Op. 92

'. . ~. 50 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH, SCHOLASTIC/MARCH 51 idle banter All around the world, by Laurel-Ann Dooley Scholastic is what Notre Dame reads. To the outsider, it is the hotel/motel

capital of the country, a land of endless ;':.:";.;..-.---.-.- .-';::--- - lounges and patio bars noted for wet T shirt contests and exotic drink specials. At once a haven for the elderly and a mecca for college students, it conjures images of sand-blanketed beach and string bikinis, intermingling suntan oil scents, surfers, and shuffleboard. But to the Fort Lauderdale native, the town is much more than a combina tion.condo kingdom/tourist trap. It is soft ~ .. summer twilights and afternoons spent sailing. It is low-key marina eateries dank Southport for steamers and draft beer, the Pelican Pub for freshly caught snapper and just-squeezed orange juice. It is -Iobstering on the reef and luxuriat ing in the heat of the tropical sun on beaches known only to natives. It is the Christmas boat parade, restaurants trans formed into lighted fairylands for the holiday decoration competition, strolls across brilliant green Bermuda grass de livering gifts. It is the grizzled old-timers eating black-eyed peas and cornbread at Grady'S. It is Jimmy Buffett, sandals, soft sea-scented breezes, ceiling fans, water ways, and bridges. It is a culture all its bwn-a mesh of flash and old Florida, down-home charm and fast-lane glitz. It is a palm-filled gar den city of perennials, annuals, and transplants, ever green and always in blossom. The bloomtown of the South

. . . Fort Lauderdale.

----~-.------.~.- --

52 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH idle banter All around the world, by Laurel-Ann Dooley Scholastic is what Notre Dame reads. To the outsider, it is the hotel/motel capital of the country, a land of endless ;':.:";.;..-.---.-.- .-';::--- - lounges and patio bars noted for wet T shirt contests and exotic drink specials. At once a haven for the elderly and a mecca for college students, it conjures images of sand-blanketed beach and string bikinis, intermingling suntan oil scents, surfers, and shuffleboard. But to the Fort Lauderdale native, the town is much more than a combina tion.condo kingdom/tourist trap. It is soft ~ .. summer twilights and afternoons spent sailing. It is low-key marina eateries dank Southport for steamers and draft beer, the Pelican Pub for freshly caught snapper and just-squeezed orange juice. It is -Iobstering on the reef and luxuriat ing in the heat of the tropical sun on beaches known only to natives. It is the Christmas boat parade, restaurants trans formed into lighted fairylands for the holiday decoration competition, strolls across brilliant green Bermuda grass de livering gifts. It is the grizzled old-timers eating black-eyed peas and cornbread at Grady'S. It is Jimmy Buffett, sandals, soft sea-scented breezes, ceiling fans, water ways, and bridges. It is a culture all its bwn-a mesh of flash and old Florida, down-home charm and fast-lane glitz. It is a palm-filled gar den city of perennials, annuals, and transplants, ever green and always in blossom. The bloomtown of the South

. . . Fort Lauderdale.

----~-.------.~.- --

52 SCHOLASTIC/MARCH L 'oN UWJed euelpul 'ewea, eJ~oN a I \f d .3E>V!SOd 's'n 3!Vl:I )l1ns