Summary of Literature Circles Research

Patricia Chase & Denise Pheifer

Literature Circles is an effective strategy that combines the The Research principles of cooperative learning, independent and group Literature Circles is an effective, discussion. The purpose of Literature Circles is to promote reading proven strategy based on the principles of collaborative learning, and to foster literary discussions. The strategy is based on the and group model of an adult book discussion group. discussion. This paper surveys and synthesizes the academic research Judith Langer in her book Effective Literacy Instruction (2002) related to Literature Circles and its describes programs that effectively support student learning based components for the purpose of on her recent five-year study of classes in 25 urban and suburban meeting the standards for research- schools (Excellence in English project from the National Research based instruction as set forth in Center on English Learning and Achievement). The literature NCLB. circles strategy and its components are identified as effective Our Product literacy instruction throughout the book. Classroom Teacher’s Resource Kits: Literature Circles, is a Component 1: Cooperative Learning comprehensive solution to hassle- free implementation and The power of collaborative grouping on learning is well management of the Literature documented. In fact, collaborative learning has been defined as a Circles strategy in your classroom. key ingredient of “best educational practice” (Zemelman, Daniels, Each kit includes field-tested and Hyde, 1993). Collaborative learning is open-ended and components specially designed to be student-centered. It fosters democracy, community, and shared user-friendly and enjoyable for both responsibility in the classroom. The limited size of the groups students and teachers. For more compels each member to be an active participant and imbues each information about the kits, visit our member with responsibility and investment. website at www.chasepheifer.com. The research and theory on cooperative learning is cited as one of Our Authors nine effective strategies in Classroom Instruction That Works: Denise Pheifer and Patricia Chase Research-based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement have provided professional (Marzano, Pickering & Pollack, 2001). The authors recommend the development in English use of cooperative group strategies like literature circles. Anyone Arts to Wisconsin schools for more interested in the research on cooperative learning should consult than twenty years. Both are Adjunct Chapter 7 of this book which outlines the powerful effect of Associate Professors of cooperative groups on learning. Reading/Language Arts at Cardinal Stritch University and bring years of classroom experience at all levels to their presentations.

Chase/Pheifer & Associates 210 Green Bay Road Thiensville, Wisconsin 53092 262.242.6280 FAX 262.242.1862 Toll Free 800.814.4115 www.chasepheifer.com [email protected] Summary of Literature Circles Research Chase/Pheifer & Associates Page 2

Component 2: Independent Reading Research also shows that independent reading is the single factor most strongly associated with reading achievement (Anderson, Wilson and Fielding, 1988). Students who choose books for themselves, who read books on their own, become the strongest readers.

The Literature Circles strategy takes these two powerful ideas, collaborative learning and independent reading, and integrates them into a powerful, interesting and open-ended classroom activity. As defined by Harvey Daniels (1994):

Literature Circles are small, temporary discussion groups who have chosen to read the same story, poem, article or book. While reading each group-determined portion of the text (either in or outside of class), each